CN103402443B - 外科器械以及用于外科器械的电池 - Google Patents

外科器械以及用于外科器械的电池 Download PDF

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CN103402443B
CN103402443B CN201180044571.XA CN201180044571A CN103402443B CN 103402443 B CN103402443 B CN 103402443B CN 201180044571 A CN201180044571 A CN 201180044571A CN 103402443 B CN103402443 B CN 103402443B
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F·E·谢尔顿四世
R·F·施韦姆伯格
D·J·爱伯特
B·W·史密斯
D·C·耶茨
P·M·施莱特韦勒
C·P·鲍尔德雷奥克斯
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/10Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for applying or removing wound clamps, e.g. containing only one clamp or staple; Wound clamp magazines
    • A61B17/105Wound clamp magazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00025Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management
    • A61B1/00027Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management characterised by power supply
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/313Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes
    • A61B1/3132Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for laparoscopy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/2912Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2923Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B2018/1226Generators therefor powered by a battery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/23The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

本发明公开了多个实施例,其涉及与外科器械一起使用的电池组。所述电池组可包括多个电芯并且所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接。所述电池组可包括用于互连所述多个电芯的开关或其它机构,并且还可包括放电开关或插头或者可与放电开关或插头结合使用,所述放电开关或插头能够例如通过电阻元件将所述电池组的阳极电连接到所述电池组的阴极。

Description

外科器械以及用于外科器械的电池
背景技术
越来越多的外科器械由一个或多个电池电芯供电。此类器械包括多种电动工具并且可用于多种外科手术环境中。例如,电池供电的外科器械可包括马达驱动式工具(切割器、抓紧器、装订器等)和/或非马达驱动式工具(例如,RF切割器/凝固器、超声切割器/凝固器、激光切割器/凝固器等)。电池供电的器械目前也用于多种不同的外科手术环境中,所述外科手术环境包括例如内窥镜式环境、腹腔镜式环境、开放式环境等。
电池供电的外科器械通常使用一次电芯,所述一次电芯为预充电的并且通常旨在用于单次放电(例如,一次性使用)。这避免了与对二次可再充电电芯再灭菌和再充电相关联的困难。然而,一次电芯存在与装运、储存和处理有关的附加挑战。
发明内容
多个实施例可涉及如下外科器械,所述外科器械包括端部执行器和操作地联接到端部执行器的柄部。柄部可包括致动端部执行器的触发器并且还可限定具有第一非对称横截面形状的第一腔体和具有第二非对称横截面形状的第二腔体。第一电池组可被定位在第一腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。第一电池组可包括:具有对应于第一非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第一壳体、以及彼此电连接并且定位在第一壳体内的第一组多个电芯。第二电池组可被定位在第二腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。第二电池组可包括:具有对应于第二非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第二壳体、以及彼此电连接并且定位在第二壳体内的第二组多个电芯。
另外,多个实施例可涉及包括电池组的外科系统。电池组可包括壳体和定位在壳体内的多个电芯。多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此可不电连接。电池组还可包括具有打开位置和闭合位置的第一开关。在闭合位置,第一开关可电互连多个电芯。第一开关可被机械地偏置到打开位置。电池组还可包括具有打开位置和闭合位置的放电开关。放电开关可被定位成当处于闭合位置时将电池组的阳极电连接到电池组的阴极。放电开关可被机械地偏置到闭合位置,并且可通过壳体的一部分保持在打开位置。
根据多个实施例,电池组可包括多个电芯,其中所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接。电池组还可包括限定内部腔体的壳体,所述内部腔体具有至少一个内部腔体壁。所述至少一个内部腔体壁可包括电连接到电池组的阳极的第一电极以及电连接到电池组的阴极的第二电极。电池组还可包括定位在内部腔体内的电池漏极。电池漏极可包括第一触点和第二触点,所述第一触点和第二触点彼此电连接并且与至少一个内部腔体壁接触。电池漏极可被定位在第二位置和内部腔体内的第一位置,在所述第一位置处第一触点和第二触点不与第一电极和第二电极电接触,在所述第二位置处第一触点与第一电极电接触并且第二触点与第二电极电接触。
另外,多个实施例可涉及如下外科器械,所述外科器械包括端部执行器、操作地联接到端部执行器的柄部、和电池组。柄部可包括致动端部执行器的触发器并且可限定腔体。电池组可被定位在腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。此外,电池组可包括壳体、多个电芯和可运动凸块。可运动凸块可具有第一位置和第二位置,在所述第一位置处可运动凸块电隔离所述多个电芯中的至少一部分,在所述第二位置处可运动凸块不电隔离所述多个电芯。
附图说明
多个实施例的结构在所附权利要求书中进行了详细描述。然而,结合以下描述和如下附图可最好地理解多个实施例(有关手术的组织和方法两者)及其优点:
图1和图2为外科切割和紧固器械的一个实施例的透视图;
图3为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器的一个实施例的分解图。
图4和图5为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器和轴的一个实施例的分解图。
图6为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器的一个实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
多个实施例涉及电池供电的外科器械以及包括有利于装运、储存和处理的结构的电池。例如,根据一个实施例,电池组可包括在具有非对称横截面形状的壳体内的机械联接和电联接在一起的多个电芯。可选择壳体内的电芯的数量和类型以将潜在意外放电的能量降低到阈值水平之下。结合电池组使用的外科器械可包括限定多个腔体的柄部。每个腔体可具有非对称横截面形状并且腔体中的至少一个可具有尺寸设定成容纳电池组的非对称横截面形状。附加的腔体和/或多个腔体可容纳附加的电池组。根据多个实施例,单个壳体内的成组的多个电芯可降低与将每个电芯单独装载到柄部内相关联的不便性。同时,限制组合在一起的多个电芯的数量可降低装运、储存和处理期间的安全风险。
根据多个实施例,外科器械可使用一个或多个电池组,每个电池组包括多个电芯和用于电连接多个电芯的至少一个开关。开关可具有打开位置和闭合位置,在所述打开位置电芯彼此电分离,在所述闭合位置电芯彼此电连接。当电池组安装在外科器械中时,开关可从打开位置转换到闭合位置。以此方式,外科器械可利用与多电芯型电池组相关联的电力。然而,同时,可在开关处于打开位置的情况下装运电芯以降低用于短路和/或电弧的可得能量并因此降低装运、储存和处理期间的安全风险。在某些实施例中,本文所述的电池和电芯可具有放电开关,所述放电开关用于将负载连接到电池或电芯的端子上以使电池放电。例如,在处理之前,放电开关可为闭合的。以此方式,可在处理之前或其后不久使电池放电。因此,可降低因处理产生的电池安全风险。
在描述电芯、电池、电池组和相关外科器械的实施例之前,提供了电池供电的外科器械的示例实施例的详细说明。尽管本文所述的外科器械包括用于切割和缝合的电动工具,但应当理解,本文所述的电池构型可结合任何合适类型的电外科器械进行使用,所述电外科器械包括例如切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF切割器/凝固器、超声切割器/凝固器、激光切割器/凝固器等。
图1和图2为外科切割和紧固器械10的一个实施例的透视图。图示实施例是内窥镜式器械,并且一般来讲,本文所述的器械10的实施例是内窥镜式外科切割和紧固器械。然而,应该指出的是,根据其它实施例,器械可为非内窥镜式外科切割和紧固器械,例如腹腔镜式或开放式外科器械。
图1和图2示出的外科器械10包括柄部6、轴8和在关节枢轴14处可枢转地连接至轴8的关节连接的端部执行器12。关节控制器16可邻近柄部6设置,以使端部执行器12围绕关节枢轴14旋转。在图示实施例中,端部执行器12能够充当内切割器以夹持、切断和缝合组织,但是在其它实施例中,可使用不同类型的端部执行器,例如用于其它类型的外科手术装置(例如,抓紧器、切割器、装订器、施夹器、进入装置、药物/基因理疗装置、超声、射频或激光装置等)的端部执行器。
器械10的柄部6可包括用于致动端部执行器12的闭合触发器18和击发触发器20。应当理解,具有涉及不同手术任务的端部执行器的器械可具有用于操纵端部执行器12的不同数量或类型的触发器或其它合适的控制器。端部执行器12被显示为优选地通过细长轴8与柄部6分开。在一个实施例中,器械10的临床医生或操作者可利用关节控制器16使端部执行器12相对于轴8进行关节动作,如在GeoffreyC.Hueil等人的提交于2006年1月10日的名称为“SurgicalInstrumentHavingAnArticulatingEndEffector”的、未决的美国专利申请No.11/329,020中对此作了更详细的描述,该专利申请以引用方式并入本文中。
在该实例中,除了别的以外,端部执行器12包括钉槽22和可枢转平移的夹持构件,例如砧24,其以确保有效地缝合和切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织的间隔来保持。柄部6包括手枪式夹持件26,由临床医生将闭合触发器18可枢转地拉向手枪式夹持件26,以使得砧24朝向端部执行器12的缝钉槽22夹紧或闭合,从而夹持定位在砧24和槽22之间的组织。击发触发器20在闭合触发器18的更外侧。如以下进一步描述的,一旦闭合触发器18被锁定在闭合位置,击发触发器20即可朝向手枪式夹持件26稍微旋转,以使得其可由操作者单手触及。然后,操作者可将击发触发器20可枢转地拉向手枪式夹持件26以缝合和切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。在其它实施例中,可使用除砧24之外的不同类型的夹持构件,例如相对的夹具等。
应当理解,本文所使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是相对于握持器械10的柄部6的临床医生而言的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的柄部6处于远侧。还应当理解,为便利和清楚起见,本申请结合附图使用空间术语,例如“竖直”和“水平”。然而,外科器械在多个取向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并不旨在进行限制,也并不是绝对的。
闭合触发器18可首先被启动。一旦临床医生对于端部执行器12的定位感到满意,则临床医生可将闭合触发器18拉回至其紧邻手枪式夹持件26的完全闭合、锁定的位置。然后,可致动击发触发器20。当临床医生移除压力时,击发触发器20返回到打开位置(如图1和图2所示),如下文将更全面描述。位于柄部6上并且在此实例中位于柄部6的手枪式夹持件26上的释放按钮160在被压下时可释放锁定的闭合触发器18。
图3为端部执行器12的一个实施例的分解图。如图示实施例所示,除了先前提到的槽22和砧24之外,端部执行器12还可包括切割器32、滑块33、可移除地安装在槽22中的钉仓34和螺杆轴36。例如,切割器械32可为刀。砧24可在连接至槽22的近端的枢转点25处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧24还可包括位于其近端处的凸块27,所述凸块27插入机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的组件中以打开和闭合砧24。当致动(即通过器械10的使用者拉动)闭合触发器18时,砧24可围绕枢转点25枢转至夹紧或闭合位置。如果端部执行器12的夹持令人满意,则操作者可致动击发触发器20,如以下更详细说明的,使刀32和滑块33沿槽22纵向行进,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器12内的组织。滑块33沿着槽22的运动使得钉仓34的缝钉被驱动穿过被切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧24,砧24转动缝钉以紧固被切断的组织。名称为“SurgicalStaplingInstrumentIncorporatingAnE-BeamFiringMechanism”的美国专利No.6,978,921提供了关于此类双行程切割和紧固器械的更多细节,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。根据多个实施例,滑块33可为仓34的一体部分,使得当刀32在切割操作之后回缩时,滑块33并不回缩。
应该指出的是,虽然本申请描述的器械10的实施例使用缝合被切断的组织的端部执行器12,但是在其它实施例中,可使用用于紧固或密封被切断的组织的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用RF能或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。名称为“ElectrosurgicalHemostaticDevice”的美国专利No.5,810,811公开了使用RF能紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。名称为“SurgicalStaplingInstrumentsStructuredForDeliveryOfMedicalAgents”的美国专利申请No.11/267,811和名称为“SurgicalStaplingInstrumentsStructuredForPump-AssistedDeliveryOfMedicalAgents”的美国专利申请No.11/267,383公开了使用粘合剂紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,这两个专利申请均引用方式并入本文中。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到这仅是示例实施例,而并不旨在进行限制。也可使用其它组织紧固技术。
图4和图5为端部执行器12和轴8的一个实施例的分解图,并且图6为其侧视图。如图示实施例中所示,轴8可包括由枢轴连接件44可枢转地连接的近侧闭合管40和远侧闭合管42。远侧闭合管42包括开口45,砧24上的凸块27插入开口45中以打开和闭合砧24,如下文更详细地描述。近侧脊管46可设置在闭合管40、42内。经由锥齿轮组件52与次(或远侧)传动轴50连通的主旋转(或近侧)传动轴48可设置在近侧脊管46内。次传动轴50连接到与螺杆轴36的近侧传动齿轮56接合的传动齿轮54。当击发触发器20的致动造成主传动轴48旋转(如下文详细说明)时,锥齿轮组52a-c使二级传动轴50旋转,这继而又由于传动齿轮54、56的接合而导致螺杆轴36旋转,这使刀/滑块驱动构件32沿槽22纵向行进而切割被夹紧在端部执行器12内的任何组织。立式锥齿轮52b可位于近侧脊管46远端的开口57中且能够在其中枢转。远侧脊管58可用来包封次传动轴50和传动齿轮54、56。在本文中有时将主传动轴48、次传动轴50和关节活动组件(例如锥齿轮组件52a-c)整体称作“主传动轴组件”。
将轴承38螺纹接合在螺旋传动螺杆36上。轴承36还连接到刀32。当螺旋传动螺杆36向前旋转时,轴承38朝远侧穿越螺旋驱动螺杆36,从而驱动切割器械32并且在该过程中驱动滑块33以执行切割/缝合操作。滑块33可由例如塑料制成,并且可具有倾斜的远侧表面。当滑块33穿越槽22时,前倾表面可向上推动或驱动钉仓34中的缝钉穿过被夹紧的组织,并撞击砧24。砧24使缝钉弯折,从而缝合被切断的组织。当刀32回缩时,刀32与滑块33可脱离,从而使滑块33留在槽22的远端处。
由于缺乏使用者对切割/缝合操作的反馈,因此医生普遍不太接受只通过按下按钮来致动切割/缝合操作的马达驱动式外科器械。相比之下,多个实施例可提供下述马达驱动式内切割器,所述马达驱动式内切割器具有对端部执行器中的切割器械的部署、加载力和/或位置的使用者反馈。
描述马达驱动式内切割器、特别是其柄部的一个实施例,其提供关于端部执行器中的切割器械的部署和加载力的使用者反馈。此外,该实施例可利用使用者在回缩击发触发器时提供的动力来对器械供能(所谓的“助力”模式)。柄部包括外部下侧件和外部上侧件,它们配合在一起以在整体上形成柄部的外部。例如锂离子电池之类的电池可设置在柄部的手枪式夹持件中。尽管电池示为包括单个电芯,但应当理解,在一些实施例中电池可包括连接在一起的多个电芯。电池可对设置在柄部的手枪式夹持件上部内的马达供电。根据多个实施例,马达可为DC有刷驱动马达,其具有大约5000RPM的最大转速。马达可驱动包括第一锥齿轮和第二锥齿轮的90°锥齿轮组件。锥齿轮组件可驱动行星式齿轮组件。行星式齿轮组件可包括连接到传动轴的小齿轮。小齿轮可驱动配对的环形齿轮,该环形齿轮通过传动轴来驱动螺旋齿轮筒。环可螺旋接合在螺旋齿轮筒上。因此,当马达旋转时,环利用介于其间的锥齿轮组件、行星式齿轮组件和环形齿轮而沿螺旋齿轮筒行进。
柄部还可包括与击发触发器连通的马达运转传感器,其检测击发触发器何时被操作者朝着柄部的手枪式夹持件部分拉回(或“闭合”),从而致动端部执行器的切割/缝合操作。传感器可为比例传感器,例如变阻器或可变电阻器。当拉回击发触发器时,传感器检测出该运动并发出指示要供给马达的电压(或功率)的电信号。当传感器为可变电阻器等时,马达的转速可与击发触发器的运动量大致成比例。也就是说,如果操作者仅轻微拉动或闭合击发触发器,则马达的转速较低。当完全拉回击发触发器(或处于完全闭合位置)时,马达的转速为其最大值。换句话讲,使用者越用力拉动击发触发器,施加到马达上的电压就越大,从而使得转速就越大。
柄部可包括邻近击发触发器的上部的中间柄部件。柄部还可包括连接在中间柄部件上的柱和击发触发器上的柱之间的偏置弹簧。偏置弹簧可将击发触发器偏置到其完全打开位置。这样,当操作者释放击发触发器时,偏置弹簧将击发触发器拉向其打开位置,从而移除传感器的致动,从而停止马达的旋转。此外,借助于偏置弹簧,每当使用者闭合击发触发器时,使用者将感受到对闭合操作的阻力,从而向使用者提供关于马达所施加的旋转量的反馈。另外,操作者可停止回缩击发触发器以因此将力从传感器移除,从而使马达停止。这样,使用者即可停止部署端部执行器,从而为操作者提供对切割/紧固操作的一定程度的控制。
螺旋齿轮筒的远端包括驱动环形齿轮的远侧传动轴,所述环形齿轮与小齿轮配合。小齿轮连接到主传动轴组件的主传动轴。这样,马达的旋转使得主传动轴组件旋转,从而致动端部执行器,如上所述。
螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环可包括设置在开槽臂的槽内的柱。开槽臂在其相对端上具有开口,开口容纳连接在柄部外侧件之间的枢轴销。枢轴销还穿过击发触发器中的开口和中间柄部件中的开口而设置。
另外,柄部可包括反向马达(或行程结束)传感器和止动马达(或行程开始)传感器。在多个实施例中,反向马达传感器可为位于螺旋齿轮筒的远端的限位开关,使得螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环在环到达螺旋齿轮筒的远端时接触并触动反向马达传感器。反向马达传感器在启动时向马达发送信号,以使其旋转反向,从而在切割操作后撤回端部执行器的刀。
止动马达传感器可为例如常闭限位开关。在多个实施例中,其可位于螺旋齿轮筒的近端处,以使得环在其到达螺旋齿轮筒的近端时触动开关。
在操作中,当器械的操作者将击发触发器拉回时,传感器检测击发触发器的部署,并向马达发送信号以使得马达以例如与操作者回缩击发触发器的用力程度成比例的速度正向旋转。马达的正向旋转继而使得行星式齿轮组件的远端处的环形齿轮旋转,从而使得螺旋齿轮筒旋转,使螺纹连接在螺旋齿轮筒上的环沿螺旋齿轮筒朝远侧行进。螺旋齿轮筒的旋转还驱动如上所述的主传动轴组件,这继而部署端部执行器中的刀。也就是说,使得刀和滑块纵向穿过槽,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器中的组织。此外,在使用缝合型端部执行器的实施例中使端部执行器产生缝合操作。
当端部执行器的切割/缝合操作完成时,螺旋齿轮筒上的环将已到达螺旋齿轮筒的远端,从而使反向马达传感器被触动,传感器将信号发送至马达以使马达的旋转反向。这继而使得刀回缩,并且还使螺旋齿轮筒上的环运动回到螺旋齿轮筒的近端。
中间柄部件包括与开槽臂接合的后侧肩。中间柄部件还具有与击发触发器接合的前移阻挡件。如以上所解释,开槽臂的运动受马达旋转的控制。当随着环从螺旋齿轮筒的近端朝远端行进,开槽臂逆时针旋转时,中间柄部件将自由地逆时针旋转。因此,当使用者将击发触发器拉回时,击发触发器将与中间柄部件的正向运动阻挡件接合,使得中间柄部件逆时针旋转。然而,由于后侧肩结合开槽臂,因此中间柄部件仅在开槽臂允许的情况下才能够逆时针旋转。这样,如果马达由于某种原因应该停止旋转,则开槽臂将停止旋转,并且使用者将无法进一步拉回击发触发器,因为中间柄部件由于开槽臂而无法逆时针旋转。
描述可用作运转马达传感器的可变传感器的一个实施例的两种状态。传感器可包括表面部分、第一电极(A)、第二电极(B)、以及位于电极之间的可压缩的电介质材料(例如EAP)。传感器可被定位成使得在回缩时表面部分接触击发触发器。因此,当击发触发器回缩时,电介质材料被压缩,使得电极之间更接近。电极之间的距离“b”直接关系到电极之间的阻抗,距离越大阻抗就越大,距离越小阻抗就越小。这样,由于击发触发器的拉回而使电介质材料被压缩的量与电极之间的阻抗成比例,这可用于按比例控制马达。
还描述用于通过回缩闭合触发器来闭合(或夹持)端部执行器的砧的实例闭合系统的组件。闭合系统包括轭,该轭通过穿过闭合触发器和轭中的对齐的开口插入的销连接到闭合触发器。闭合触发器围绕枢轴销枢转,并且枢轴销插入穿过闭合触发器中的另一开口,该开口偏离销插入穿过闭合触发器的位置。因此,闭合触发器的回缩使得通过销附接到轭的闭合触发器的上部逆时针旋转。轭的远端通过销连接到第一闭合托架。第一闭合托架连接到第二闭合托架。闭合托架共同限定开口,近侧闭合管(见图4)的近端被安放并保持在该开口中,使得闭合托架的纵向运动引起近侧闭合管的纵向运动。器械还包括设置在近侧闭合管内的闭合杆。闭合杆可包括窗口,位于柄部外部件中的一个(外部下侧件)上的柱设置在窗口中,以将闭合杆固定地连接到柄部。这样,近侧闭合管能够相对于闭合杆纵向运动。闭合杆还可包括远侧轴环,其装配在近侧脊管中的腔内并由帽(参见图4)保持在腔内。
在操作中,当轭由于闭合触发器的缩回而旋转时,闭合托架使得近侧闭合管朝远侧(例如,远离器械的柄部末端)运动,从而使得远侧闭合管朝远侧运动,继而使得砧围绕枢转点旋转至夹紧或闭合位置。当闭合触发器从锁定位置解锁时,使得近侧闭合管朝近侧滑动,从而使得远侧闭合管朝近侧滑动,继而利用插入远侧闭合管的窗口中的凸块使得砧围绕枢转点枢转至打开位置或未夹持位置。这样,通过回缩并锁定闭合触发器,操作者可将组织夹持在砧和槽之间,并可在切割/缝合操作后通过将闭合触发器从锁定位置释放来松开该组织。
描述器械的电路的一个实施例。当操作者在锁定闭合触发器后开始拉回击发触发器时,传感器被启动,从而使电流从中流过。如果常开反向马达传感器开关打开(表明还未到达端部执行器行程的端部),电流将流向单刀双掷继电器。由于反向马达传感器开关未闭合,则继电器的线圈将不通电,因此继电器将处于其未通电状态。该电路还包括仓闭锁传感器开关。如果端部执行器包括钉仓,则传感器开关将处于闭合状态,从而允许电流流动。相反,如果端部执行器不包括钉仓,则传感器开关将断开,从而防止电池为马达供电。
当钉仓存在时,传感器开关闭合,从而为单刀单掷继电器供电。当为继电器供电时,电流流经继电器,流过可变电阻器传感器,并经由双刀双掷继电器到达马达,从而为马达供电并使其正向旋转。
当端部执行器到达其行程末尾时,反向马达传感器被启动,从而闭合开关并为继电器供电。这使继电器处于其通电状态,从而使得电流绕过仓闭锁传感器开关和可变电阻器而流向常闭双刀双掷继电器并流回马达,但以导致马达反向旋转的方式经过继电器。
由于止动马达传感器开关是常闭的,因此电流将流回至继电器以保持其通电,直至开关断开。当刀完全回缩时,止动马达传感器开关被启动,导致开关断开,从而将马达断电。
在其它实施例中,可使用通断型传感器而不是比例型传感器。在此类施例中,马达的转速将不与操作者施加的力成比例。确切地讲,马达一般以恒速旋转。但是由于击发触发器与齿轮传动系啮合,因此操作者仍将感受到力反馈。
描述根据另一个实施例的助力电动内切割器的柄部,该实施例中不存在与螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环连接的开槽臂。相反,环包括当环在螺旋齿轮筒上向下(和向后)行进时随环一起运动的传感器部分。传感器部分包括凹口。反向马达传感器可位于凹口的远端,并且止动马达传感器可位于凹口的近端。当环在螺旋齿轮筒上向下(和向后)运动时,传感器部分与其一起运动。此外,中间件可具有延伸到凹口中的臂。
在操作中,当器械的操作者朝手枪式夹持件回缩击发触发器时,运转马达传感器检测到该运动并发送信号以向马达供电,此外,这还使螺旋齿轮筒旋转。当螺旋齿轮筒旋转时,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环前进(或者回缩,具体取决于旋转方向)。而且,由于击发触发器的拉回,中间件与击发触发器一起逆时针旋转,这是由于与击发触发器接合的前移阻挡件导致的。中间件的逆时针旋转导致臂随着环的传感器部分一起逆时针旋转,使得臂保持设置在凹口中。当环到达螺旋齿轮筒的远端时,臂将接触并因此触动反向马达传感器。相似地,当环到达螺旋齿轮筒的近端时,臂将接触并因此触动止动马达传感器。此类动作可分别使马达反转和停止,如上所述。
描述根据另一个实施例的助力电动内切割器的柄部,该实施例中,臂中没有槽。相反,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环包括竖直槽。臂包括设置在槽中的柱,而不是狭槽。当螺旋齿轮筒旋转时,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒上的环前进(或者回缩,具体取决于旋转方向)。当环由于设置在槽中的柱而行进时,臂逆时针旋转。
如上所述,在使用双行程电动器械时,操作者首先向后拉动并锁定闭合触发器。描述用于将闭合触发器锁定到柄部的手枪式夹持件部分的闭合触发器锁定机构的一个实施例。手枪式夹持件部分包括钩,其由扭转弹簧偏置以围绕枢轴点逆时针旋转。此外,闭合触发器包括闭合杆。当操作者拉回闭合触发器时,闭合杆接合钩的倾斜部分,从而向上(或者顺时针)旋转钩,直到闭合杆完全通过倾斜部分、进入钩的下陷的凹口中,从而将闭合触发器锁定就位。操作者可通过向下推动位于手枪式夹持件的后侧或相对侧上的滑动释放按钮来释放闭合触发器。向下推动滑动释放按钮使钩顺时针旋转,使得使闭合杆从下陷的凹口释放。
描述根据多个实施例的另一种闭合触发器锁定机构。在实施例中,闭合触发器包括具有箭头部分的楔形件。箭头部分由片簧向下(或顺时针)偏置。楔形件和片簧可由例如模制塑料制成。当拉回闭合触发器时,箭头部分能够从柄部的手枪式夹持件中的开口插入。箭头部分的下斜切表面接合开口的下侧壁,从而促使箭头部分逆时针旋转。最终下斜切表面完全通过下侧壁,从而移除作用在箭头部分上的逆时针方向的力,使下侧壁滑入位于箭头部分后面的凹口中的锁定位置。
为了将闭合触发器解锁,使用者按下闭合触发器相对侧上的按钮,使箭头部分逆时针旋转并使得箭头部分从开口滑出。
描述闭合触发器锁定机构的另一个实施例。如该实施例中所示,闭合触发器包括纵向柔性臂,纵向柔性臂包括从其中延伸的侧销。臂和销可由例如模制塑料制成。柄部的手枪式夹持件包括开口,开口具有设置在其中的横向延伸的楔形件。当拉回闭合触发器时,销接合楔形件并且销由楔形件的下表面向下压(例如,臂顺时针旋转)。当销完全穿过下表面时,作用在臂上的顺时针方向的力被移除,并且销逆时针旋转,使得销停置在楔形件后面的凹口中,从而锁定闭合触发器。销进一步通过从楔形件延伸的柔性阻挡件而在锁定位置中保持就位。
为了将闭合触发器释放,操作者可进一步挤压闭合触发器,从而使销接合开口的倾斜后壁,促使销向上越过柔性阻挡件。销然后在开口中自由地从上部槽移出,使得闭合触发器不再被锁定到手枪式夹持件。
描述可被用于外科器械(例如器械)的关节点处的万向接头(“U型接头”)。U型接头的第二构件在水平面上旋转,第一构件位于该水平面中。描述直线(180°)取向的U型接头,描述呈大约150°取向的U型接头。可在主传动轴组件的关节点处用U型接头代替锥齿轮,以使端部执行器进行关节活动。描述扭转缆线,其可用于代替锥齿轮和U型接头,以实现端部执行器的关节连接。
描述带助力的电动双行程外科切割和紧固器械的另一个实施例。实施例包括替代的齿轮驱动组件,而不是螺旋齿轮筒。实施例包括齿轮箱组件,其包括设置在机架中的数个齿轮,其中这些齿轮连接在行星式齿轮与传动轴近端处的小齿轮之间。如下面进一步解释,齿轮箱组件通过击发触发器为使用者提供有关端部执行器的部署和加载力的反馈。而且,使用者可通过齿轮箱组件为系统提供动力,以辅助端部执行器的部署。在这种意义上,如同上述实施例,实施例是另一种助力电动器械,其向使用者提供关于切割器械所感受到的加载力的反馈。
触发器包括两个部件:主体部分和加劲部分。主体部分可由例如塑料制成,而加劲部分可由更刚性的材料(例如金属)制成。加劲部分邻近主体部分,但根据其它实施例,加劲部分可设置在主体部分的内部。枢轴销可插入穿过击发触发器构件中的开口并可为击发触发器围绕其旋转的点。此外,弹簧可将击发触发器偏置成沿逆时针方向旋转。弹簧可具有连接至销的远端,销连接至击发触发器的构件。弹簧的近端可连接至柄部外部下侧件中的一者。
主体部分和加劲部分在其上端部分(分别)包括齿轮部。齿轮部接合齿轮箱组件中的齿轮(如下文所解释),以驱动主传动轴组件并为使用者提供关于端部执行器部署的反馈。
齿轮箱组件可包括六(6)个齿轮。齿轮箱组件的第一齿轮接合击发触发器的齿轮部。此外,第一齿轮接合更小的第二齿轮,更小的第二齿轮与大的第三齿轮共轴。第三齿轮接合更小的第四齿轮,更小的第四齿轮与第五齿轮共轴。第五齿轮为90°锥齿轮,其接合连接至小齿轮的配对的90°锥齿轮,小齿轮驱动主传动轴。
在操作时,当使用者回缩击发触发器时,运转马达传感器(未示出)被启动,其可向马达提供信号,使之以与操作者回缩击发触发器的程度或力成比例的速度旋转。这使得马达以与来自传感器的信号成比例的速度旋转。此实施例中未描述传感器,但其可类似于上述地运转马达传感器。传感器可位于柄部中,使得其在击发触发器回缩时被压缩。此外,可使用通/断型传感器,而不是比例型传感器。
马达的旋转使锥齿轮旋转,由此使得行星式齿轮旋转,从而通过传动轴使环形齿轮旋转。环形齿轮与小齿轮啮合,所述小齿轮连接到主传动轴。因此,小齿轮的旋转驱动主传动轴,这致动端部执行器的切割/缝合操作。
小齿轮的向前旋转继而使得锥齿轮旋转,从而通过齿轮箱组件的其它齿轮来使第一齿轮旋转。第一齿轮接合击发触发器的齿轮部,从而在马达为端部执行器提供向前的驱动时使击发触发器逆时针旋转(并且在马达反向旋转以回缩端部执行器时逆时针旋转)。这样,使用者通过其握持击发触发器来感受有关端部执行器的加载力和部署的反馈。因此,当使用者缩回击发触发器时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器受到的加载力有关的阻力。类似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器以使其能够返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达的反向速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在此实施例中,使用者可施加力(代替或补充来自马达的力)以通过回缩击发触发器来致动主传动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器的切割/缝合操作)。也就是说,击发触发器的回缩使得齿轮部逆时针旋转,这导致齿轮箱组件的齿轮旋转,从而使小齿轮旋转,由此使得主传动轴旋转。
器械还可包括反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器。如上所述,反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器可分别检测切割行程的结束(刀和滑块的完全部署)和回缩操作的结束(刀的完全回缩)。类似电路可用于为马达适当地供电。
描述带助力的双行程电动外科切割和紧固器械的另一个实施例。在实施例中,击发触发器包括下部和上部。下部、上部两者均与穿过下部、上部设置的枢轴销连接并围绕其枢转。上部包括与齿轮箱组件的第一齿轮接合的齿轮部。弹簧连接至上部,使得上部被偏移而沿顺时针方向旋转。上部还可包括下臂,其与击发触发器的下部的上表面接触,使得当使上部顺时针旋转时下部也顺时针旋转,并且当下部逆时针旋转时上部也逆时针旋转。相似地,下部包括与上部的下肩接合的旋转阻挡件。这样,当使上部逆时针旋转时下部也逆时针旋转,当下部顺时针旋转时上部也顺时针旋转。
实施例还包括给马达传送信号的运转马达传感器,在多个实施例中,该信号可使马达以与操作者回缩击发触发器时施加的力成比例的速度旋转。传感器可为例如变阻器或某些其它可变电阻传感器,如本文所述。此外,器械可包括在与击发触发器上部的前表面接触时被触动或切换的反向马达传感器。当被启动时,反向马达传感器将信号发送至马达,以使其反向。此外,器械可包括在与击发触发器的下部接触时被触动或驱动的止动马达传感器。当被启动时,止动马达传感器发送信号以停止马达的反向旋转。
在操作中,当操作者将闭合触发器回缩到锁定位置时,击发触发器略微回缩(这借助于本领域所知的机构,其中包括名称为“SurgicalStaplingInstrumentIncorporatingAnE-BeamFiringMechanism”的美国专利No.6,978,921和名称为“SurgicalStaplingInstrumentIncorporatingAFiringMechanismHavingALinkedRackTransmission”的美国专利No.6,905,057,这两个专利均以引用方式并入本文中),因此使用者可握持击发触发器来初始化切割/缝合操作。此时,击发触发器的上部的齿轮部与齿轮箱组件的第一齿轮运动接合。当操作者回缩击发触发器时,根据多个实施例,在触动运转马达传感器之前,击发触发器可旋转较小的量(例如5度)。传感器的启动使马达以与由操作者施加的回拉力成比例的速度正向旋转。如上所述,马达正向旋转引起主传动轴旋转,由此使得端部执行器中的刀被部署(例如,开始穿过槽)。连接至主传动轴的小齿轮的旋转导致齿轮箱组件中齿轮旋转。由于第一齿轮与击发触发器的上部的齿轮部接合,使得上部逆时针旋转,这导致下部也逆时针旋转。
当刀被完全部署(例如,在切割行程结束)时,上部的前表面触动反向马达传感器,反向马达传感器将信号发送至马达,使其反方向旋转。这使得主传动轴组件反方向旋转以回缩刀。主传动轴组件反向旋转使得齿轮箱组件中的齿轮反转,使得击发触发器的上部顺时针旋转,由此使得击发触发器的下部顺时针旋转,直到当刀完全回缩时上部的前表面触动或致动止动马达传感器,从而使马达停止。这样,使用者通过其握持击发触发器而感受到有关端部执行器部署的反馈。因此,当使用者回缩击发触发器时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器的部署有关的阻力,特别是与由于刀受到的加载力有关的阻力。类似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器以使其能返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达的反向速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在此实施例中,使用者可施加力(代替或补充来自马达的力)以通过回缩击发触发器来致动主传动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器的切割/缝合操作)。也就是说,回缩击发触发器使得上部的齿轮部逆时针旋转,由此使得齿轮箱组件的齿轮旋转,从而使小齿轮旋转,由此使得主传动轴组件旋转。
上述实施例采用助力使用者反馈系统,这些系统带或不带用于双行程电动外科切割和紧固器械的自适应控制(例如,使用设置在马达、齿轮传动系和端部执行器的闭环系统外部的传感器)。也就是说,由于击发触发器被(直接或间接地)啮合到马达和主传动轴之间的齿轮传动系中,由使用者施加的用以回缩击发触发器的力可添加到由马达施加的力。在其它实施例中,可向使用者提供有关端部执行器中的刀位置的触觉反馈,但未使击发触发器啮合到齿轮传动系中。具有此类触觉位置反馈系统的电动外科切割和紧固器械的一个实施例。
击发触发器可具有下部和上部,类似于器械。然而,上部不具有与部分齿轮传动系配合的齿轮部。相反,器械包括第二马达,所述第二马达带有螺纹接合在其中的螺杆。当马达旋转时,螺杆纵向往复进出(取决于旋转方向)马达。器械还包括编码器,其响应主传动轴的旋转,将主传动轴(或主传动轴组件的其它零件)的增量角运动转化成例如对应的一系列数字信号。小齿轮包括连接至编码器的近端传动轴。
器械还包括可使用微控制器或一些其它类型的集成电路实现的控制电路(未示出),该控制电路接收来自编码器的数字信号。根据来自编码器的信号,控制电路可计算端部执行器中刀部署的阶段。也就是说,控制电路可计算刀是否完全部署、完全回缩或处于中间阶段。基于对端部执行器部署阶段的计算结果,控制电路可将信号发送至第二马达以控制其旋转,从而控制螺杆的往复运动。
在操作中,当闭合触发器未锁定到夹持位置时,击发触发器远离柄部的手枪式夹持件旋转,使得击发触发器的上部的前表面不与螺杆的近端接触。当操作者拉回闭合触发器并将其锁定在夹持位置时,击发触发器略微朝闭合触发器旋转,以使得操作者可握持击发触发器。在此位置,上部的前表面接触螺杆的近端。
当使用者随后回缩击发触发器时,运转马达传感器可以在初始旋转量(例如5度的旋转)后被启动,使得(如上所述)传感器将信号发送至马达,以使其以与由操作者施加到击发触发器的回缩力的量成比例的正向速度旋转。马达的正向旋转通过齿轮传动系使得主传动轴旋转,由此使得刀和滑块沿着槽运动并切割夹持在端部执行器中的组织。控制电路接收来自编码器的关于主传动轴组件的增量旋转的输出信号,将信号发送到第二马达以使第二马达旋转,由此使得螺杆回缩到马达中。这使得击发触发器的上部逆时针旋转,从而使击发触发器的下部也逆时针旋转。这样,由于螺杆的往复运动与主传动轴组件的旋转相关,器械的操作者能够通过他/她握持击发触发器来感受有关端部执行器位置的触觉反馈。然而,由使用者施加的回缩力不直接影响主传动轴组件的驱动,因为击发触发器并未啮合到该实施例中的齿轮传动系中。
通过对来自编码器的输出信号对主传动轴组件的增量旋转进行跟踪,控制电路可计算刀何时被完全部署(例如,完全伸展)。此时,控制电路可将信号发送至马达以反转方向,从而使刀回缩。马达反转方向使主传动轴组件反向旋转,这也被编码器检测。基于编码器检测到的反向旋转,控制电路将信号发送至第二马达以使其反转,使得螺杆开始从马达纵向延伸。此动作促使击发触发器的上部顺时针旋转,由此使得下部顺时针旋转。这样,操作者可感受来自击发触发器的顺时针方向的力,这为操作者提供了关于刀在端部执行器中的回缩位置的反馈。控制电路可确定刀何时完全回缩。此时,控制电路可将信号发送至马达以使其停止旋转。
根据其它实施例,可使用反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器而不是用控制电路来确定刀的位置,如上所述。此外,可使用通/断开关或传感器而不是用比例传感器来控制马达的旋转。在此类实施例中,操作者不能够控制马达的转速。确切地说,马达将以预编程的速度旋转。
本文中描述了结合电动外科装置使用的电池和电池构型的实施例。下文所述的电池和电池构型可用于任何合适的电动外科器械,所述电动外科器械包括例如上文所述的器械实施例。除了或者取代上文所述的实施例的功能,采用电池和电池构型的外科器械可包括如下端部执行器,所述端部执行器用于切割、夹持、激光切割和/或凝固、RF切割和/或凝固、超声切割和/或凝固等。有关外科器械和电池组的附加细节描述于2010年9月17日提交的名称为“POWERCONTROLARRANGEMENTSFORSURGICALINSTRUMENTSANDBATTERIES”的美国专利申请序列No.____________中,该专利申请的全文以引用方式并入本文。
描述包括一对非对称形状电池组的外科器械的一个实施例。器械可包括柄部、触发器和端部执行器。根据多个实施例,柄部、触发器和端部执行器可以类似于本文所述的各种柄部、触发器和端部执行器的方式工作。除了或取代上文所述的功能,端部执行器可包括如下外科工具,所述外科工具用于切割、夹持、激光切割和/或凝固、RF切割和/或凝固、超声切割和/或凝固等。
器械的柄部可容纳电池组。电池组可电连接到器械的电路并为其供电。电路可位于柄部中、端部执行器中、或器械内的位置的任何组合中。使用时,电路可为端部执行器处的至少一个外科工具的操作供电。例如,电路可包括电动马达,所述电动马达用于操作电动切割器、抱握器、或其它机械装置。除了马达之外或者取代马达,电路可包括用于实现RF、超声、或其它类型的非马达供能式外科工具的合适电路元件。
描述位于柄部外面的电池组的一个实施例。电池组可具有非对称横截面形状。例如,电池组具有半卵形形状。应当理解,可使用其它非对称横截面形状。电池组包括三个电芯。电芯可为任何合适类型的电芯,包括例如锂离子电芯,例如CR123型电芯和/或CR2型电芯。电芯可彼此串联或并联地电连接。可针对电池组的任何意外放电的能量来选择电芯的数量。例如,可选择连接的电芯的数量,以使得可用于电弧或短路的累积能量低于点燃通用装运和/或包装材料所需的能量。根据多个实施例,可通过适当的政府规定来限定此值。
描述柄部的一个实施例,其中描述用于容纳电池组的腔体。腔体可具有非对称横截面形状,所述非对称横截面形状对应于电池组的横截面形状。这可允许将电池组容纳在腔体内。也描述腔体的内部。壁可包括触点。触点可连接到电路并且能够当电池组安装在腔体内时将电池组连接到电路。应当理解,腔体可包括类似的内部和类似的触点。
描述电池组的一个实施例,其中示出了正极触点和负极触点。在电池组插入腔体内时,电极触点可连接到触点以在电池组和电路建立连接。电极触点示为位于电池组的第一端部上。然而,应当理解,电极触点可被定位在电池组的任何其它表面上,所述表面包括例如端部、平面、和/或曲面。因此,触点可被定位在腔体的内部的对应表面上。
电池组和腔体的非对称横截面形状可确保将电池组以正确的极性插入器械内。例如,由于非对称横截面形状,因此电池组的端部可仅沿一个取向装配到柄部的腔体中,从而确保正确的电极彼此接触。类似地,电池组的端部可仅沿一个取向装配到腔体内。由于腔体的横截面形状与腔体的横截面形状相补,因此腔体中的电极触点的取向可与腔体中的电极触点的取向相反。因此,当腔体具有相补的横截面形状时,触点(未示出)在腔体内的位置也可反转以确保正确的极性。
可依赖临床医生来认定将具有电极的电池组的端部适当地插入腔体内。然而,根据多个实施例,可操纵电池组的形式以使电池组的端部难以或不可能插入腔体内。例如,电池组示为具有位于端部处的任选凸缘。凸缘可延伸超过电池组以确保端部不能够被插入腔体中的一者内。尽管示出的器械采用两个电池组并且限定两个腔体,但应当理解,可使用多个或额外的电池组以及对应腔体。
描述与放电插头结合的电池组的一个实施例。例如,在电池组的使用完成时,可将放电插头附接到电池组的端部。在某些实施例中,放电插头可具有稍大于电池组的横截面积并且可在端部之上滑动。放电插头可包括通过电阻元件彼此电连接的电极触点。电阻元件可为具有任何合适电阻和/或阻抗的任何合适电阻元件。当放电插头就位时,电极触点可接触正极触点和负极触点。这可将电阻元件设置为与电池组串联,从而使得电芯漏电。以此方式,电池组可在处理之前或期间漏电,从而降低危险性处理。
描述外科器械和电池组的一个实施例。外科器械可以类似于上文所述的外科器械的方式工作。例如,器械可为采用电池电源的任何合适类型的外科器械,所述外科器械包括例如具有用于切割的电动工具、用于缝合的电动工具、用于切割和/或凝固的RF工具、用于切割和/或凝固的超声工具、用于切割和/或凝固的激光工具等的器械。外科器械可包括一对电极,当电池组连接到外科器械时所述一对电极可与电池组的一对电极连接。
电池组可包括多个电芯。电芯可为任何合适类型的电芯。根据多个实施例,电芯可为锂离子电芯,例如CR123型电芯和/或CR2型电芯。开关可具有打开位置和闭合位置。开关可为任何合适类型的机械开关或固态开关。当开关处于打开位置时,电芯可彼此电分离。当开关处于闭合位置时,电芯可彼此电连接。例如,电芯示出为并联连接。然而,在多个实施例中,电芯可串联连接或以任何其它期望构型连接。当电池组连接到外科器械时,可将开关接合到闭合位置。例如,使用外科器械的临床医生可在电池组连接到器械之前或之后来手动地接合开关。另外,根据多个实施例,当电池组连接到器械(例如,通过将电池组的至少一部分设置在外科器械内)时,开关可自动地接合至闭合位置。
电池组还可包括放电系统。放电系统可包括放电开关和电阻元件。电阻元件可为具有任何合适电阻和/或阻抗的任何合适电阻元件。放电开关可具有打开位置和闭合位置。当放电开关处于打开位置时,电阻元件可不电连接到电池组。当放电开关处于闭合位置时,电阻元件可电连接到电池组的所有电芯上。以此方式,当闭合放电开关时,电芯可漏电。放电开关可为任何类型的机械开关或固态开关。例如,当电池组安装到器械时或从器械移除外科器械时,放电开关可手动地或自动地从打开位置转换到闭合位置。在一些实施例中,电芯可递送足够的能量并/或电阻元件可被设计为使得当器械处于使用状态时可闭合放电开关。
描述电池组和外科器械的替代实施例。开关可包括至少一个打开部分和至少一个接触器。至少一个接触器可为外科器械的一部分。以此方式,当电池组安装到外科器械从而使得至少一个连接器部分与至少一个打开部分电接触时,电芯可彼此电连接。
描述电池组的另一个实施例。开关被实现为具有打开部分、接触器和可运动凸块。接触器可例如通过弹簧而机械偏压打开部分。可运动凸块可被定位在打开部分和接触器之间。可运动凸块可由绝缘材料(例如塑料)制成。以此方式,当可运动凸块就位时,电芯可彼此不电连接。当电池组准备使用时,可例如由临床医生移除凸块。当移除凸块时,接触器可被机械地推压成电接触打开部分,从而导致电芯彼此电连接。根据多个实施例,凸块可包括如下部分,所述部分能够被外科器械的对应部分容纳。当电池组安装到器械时,外科器械的部分可接触凸块,这趋于将其从打开部分和接触器之间移除。凸块可由聚合物或任何合适的电绝缘材料制成。另外,根据多个实施例,凸块可具有约1密耳的厚度。
描述实现电池组原理图的电池组的一个机械实施例。电池组包括壳体,所述壳体在其中具有包括多个电芯的电池,所述多个电芯可通过连接触点而彼此互连。放电开关在处于闭合位置时可将电阻元件连接到电池的所有端极上,从而导致它们放电。电池组可包括定位在开关平台上的一对触点。接触器可具有打开位置以及闭合位置。在闭合位置中,接触器可设置成与触点电接触,从而使得电池彼此互连。开关平台、触点和接触器可共同来形成开关。根据多个实施例,当开关闭合(例如,接触器与触点接触)时,电池的电芯可电互连。
可将开关平台连接到包括一对锁定机构的离合器。在位置中,离合器(包括锁定机构)为接合的,从而将开关平台保持在打开位置。电池组还可包括放电开关。在闭合位置中,放电开关可将电阻元件切换到电池的整个阳极和阴极上,从而使电池放电。可通过弹簧将放电开关机械地偏置到闭合位置。然而,可通过与壳体的可运动部分或面板接触的止动件来克服弹簧的偏置。
描述电池组在插入外科器械时的构型。可将电池组插入由器械限定的腔体内。腔体可被定位在器械的任何部分处,包括在多个实施例中被定位在柄部处。腔体可包括可与接触器对准的一对触点。可将电池组沿箭头方向插入器械内。当插入电池组时,接触器可与触点接触。这可将接触器和开关平台推至触点,使得接触器与触点和触点电气连通,由此可使电池的电芯互连并且连接到器械。
根据多个实施例,来自触点的压力可克服离合器的力,从而脱离锁定机构,以允许开关平台朝触点平移。另外,在多个实施例中,腔体的内部的一部分可包括一个或多个键控部分,所述一个或多个键控部分对准(例如机械性或电子地)与锁定机构相关联的一个或多个接收器。当键控部分接触接收器时,离合器的锁定机构能够脱离,从而允许开关平台处于位置。根据多个实施例,在开关平台处于位置之后,锁定机构可重新接合,以将开关平台锁定就位。根据多个实施例,这可使得电池组在插入之后难以失去与器械的电连接性。
腔体的内部还可包括用于接触面板的结构(例如,延伸部)。例如,当电池组插入腔体中时,延伸部可接触面板,从而使其沿箭头的方向滑动并且允许止动件突出穿过壳体(例如,由于弹簧的偏置)。根据多个实施例,止动件可接触腔体的内壁,从而防止放电开关闭合。描述电池组在从外科器械移除之后的一个实施例。可通过锁定机构将开关平台锁定在同一位置。另外,在腔体的内壁内,止动件可从壳体突出适于闭合放电开关的量。这可使电池放电。
描述实现电池组原理图的电池组的另一个机械实施例。电池组可包括限定内部腔体的壳体。壳体可由顶盖覆盖,所述顶盖可利用一个或多个机械闩锁固定到壳体。描述电池组的一个实施例,其中顶盖被移除以示出内部的多个电芯。可使用任何合适数量和/或类型的电芯。例如,可使用CR123和/或CR2电芯。描述电池组的一个实施例,其中壳体的一部分被移除以显示出电芯。
描述包括电池漏极的电池组的一个实施例。电池漏极可被定位在内部腔体内并且可在内部腔体内沿箭头的方向滑动。漏极可包括至少两个触点。触点的一部分可接触内部腔体的壁。根据多个实施例,触点可被偏置以紧压壁施加力,以便抵制漏极沿箭头方向的运动。另外,在一些实施例中,壁可限定一个或多个突出部或扣锁构件,所述突出部或扣锁构件被成形为被触点中的一个或多个的一部分容纳以将漏极保持在第一位置。另外,壁可限定一个或多个电极。可将电极接线到电芯,使得在整个电极上建立的电连接可使电芯的正极和负极短路。
漏极的触点可在漏极的基部处进行连接。根据多个实施例,触点可彼此电短路、或可通过电阻元件而彼此电连接。描述正安装到外科器械的电池组的一个实施例。外科器械可包括延伸构件,所述延伸构件能够容纳在内部腔体内。延伸构件可包括一个或多个电极,所述一个或多个电极被定位成当构件被完全安装时来接触电池组的电极。以此方式,电池组的电芯可通过电极为器械提供电能。
当构件插入内部腔体中时,其可接触电池漏极并且推压电池漏极在箭头方向上沿着内部腔体运动。例如,由构件提供给电池漏极的力可克服由触点例如结合扣锁构件提供的漏极运动阻力。当完全安装时,构件可将漏极推到腔体内直至触点与电极电接触。这可使得电芯短路或使得它们通过电阻元件而彼此电连接。当从器械卸载电池组时,可将构件从腔体移除。然而,漏极可保持在位置中。以此方式,电芯可在处理之前或处理期间通过电阻元件泄漏掉任何残余的电荷。这可例如最小化处理期间的任何意外电荷的能量。
描述从壳体移除的电池漏极的一个实施例。漏极可包括两组触点和。基部可限定两组触点之间的中央部分。根据多个实施例,中央部分能够接触构件。现在,电阻元件被示为安装到基部。电阻元件可为具有任何合适阻抗值和任何合适机械构型的元件。例如,电阻元件可包括一个或多个表面安装组件。
应当理解,本文的附图和说明书中的至少一些已被简化以示出适于清楚地理解本公开的元件,同时为清晰起见移除了其它元件。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,这些和其它元件可为所需的。然而,由于这些元件为本领域所熟知的并且由于它们不利于较好地理解本公开,因此本文未提供对这些元件的论述。
虽然已经描述了多个实施例,但应当知道,本领域技术人员在掌握了本公开的一些或全部优点之后可对这些实施例作出各种修改、变型和改型形式。例如,根据多个实施例,单个组件可替换为多个组件,并且多个组件也可替换为单个组件,以执行给定的一种或多种功能。因此,在不脱离所附权利要求书限定的本公开的范围和精神的情况下,本专利申请旨在涵盖所有这类修改、变型和改型形式。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其它公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本公开所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。

Claims (5)

1.一种外科系统,包括:
电池组,其中所述电池组包括:
多个电芯,其中所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接;
限定内部腔体的壳体,所述内部腔体具有至少一个内部腔体壁,其中所述至少一个内部腔体壁包括电连接到所述电池组的阳极的第一电极以及电连接到所述电池组的阴极的第二电极;和
定位在所述内部腔体内的电池漏极,其中所述电池漏极包括彼此电连接的第一触点和第二触点,其中所述第一触点和第二触点与所述至少一个内部腔体壁接触,并且其中所述电池漏极能够被定位在第二位置和所述内部腔体内的第一位置,在所述第一位置处所述第一触点和第二触点不与所述第一电极和第二电极电接触,在所述第二位置处所述第一触点与所述第一电极电接触并且所述第二触点与所述第二电极电接触;
端部执行器;以及
操作地联接到所述端部执行器的柄部,其中所述柄部包括致动所述端部执行器的触发器,其中所述柄部限定用于容纳所述电池组的腔体,其中所述柄部包括连接器,所述连接器被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时使所述多个电芯彼此连接,并且其中所述柄部限定延伸构件,所述延伸构件被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时接触所述电池漏极以将所述电池漏极推到所述第二位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科系统,其中所述第一触点和第二触点通过电阻元件彼此电连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科系统,其中所述电池组还包括至少一个扣锁构件,所述扣锁构件被定位成接合所述第一触点和所述第二触点中的至少之一以将所述电池漏极保持在所述第一位置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科系统,其中所述端部执行器包括至少一个工具,所述工具选自包括以下各项的组:切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF密封工具和超声工具。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外科系统,其中所述多个电芯包括选自组CR123电芯和CR2电芯中的至少一种电芯。
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