CN103441134A - Pixel array of CIS - Google Patents
Pixel array of CIS Download PDFInfo
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- CN103441134A CN103441134A CN2013103935798A CN201310393579A CN103441134A CN 103441134 A CN103441134 A CN 103441134A CN 2013103935798 A CN2013103935798 A CN 2013103935798A CN 201310393579 A CN201310393579 A CN 201310393579A CN 103441134 A CN103441134 A CN 103441134A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pixel array of a CIS, and belongs to the field of integrated circuits. The pixel array of the CIS sequentially comprises a base, a metal layer and a micro lens layer from bottom to top, wherein a sensor layer used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on incident light in an optical path is arranged in the base , the metal layer is used for transmitting electric signals under the photoelectric conversion to a peripheral circuit to enable the electric signals to be processed, the micro lens layer is made of gradient refractive index materials so as to enable the incident light to form two different optical paths, and therefore digital images simulating the left eye path and the right eye path are formed through the processing of the peripheral circuit. According to the pixel array of the CIS, due to the fact that the micro lens layer is made of the gradient refractive index materials and the incident light is made to form the two different optical paths, the digital images simulating the left eye path and the right eye path are formed through the processing of the peripheral circuit. An image sensor is used by the digital images based on the left eye path and the right eye path, and therefore the binocular stereoscopic vision of human eyes is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to integrated circuit fields, specifically, relate to the pel array of a kind of CIS.
Background technology
Imageing sensor is widely used in civilian and business category.At present, imageing sensor is by cmos image sensor (CMOS IMAGE SENSOR, hereinafter to be referred as CIS) and charge-coupled image sensor (Charge-coupled Device, C/C for short D).CCD compares with CIS, and higher, the integrated difficulty of power consumption is larger, and the latter is low in energy consumption, easy of integration and resolution is higher.Although CCD may be better than CIS aspect picture quality.But, along with improving constantly of CIS technology, the picture quality of a part of CIS is close to the CCD of same specification.
For CCD, on the one hand, at professional scientific research and industrial circle, because having high s/n ratio, it becomes first-selection; On the one hand, in high-end photography and vedio recording field, can provide the CCD of high image quality also quite to be favored in addition.And, for CIS, in the scientific research technical field, as biochemistry, medical science, geological prospecting, space technology, and the amusement industry field is widely applied as electronic game, 3D film, network virtual reality.When scientific research technical field and the application of amusement industry field, usually by a CIS, a phtographic lens and a darkroom, form simple eye perspective vision system.Yet, along with appearance and the development of 3D technology, simple eye perspective vision system can not meet the 3D technical need of people to simulation human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy.
As shown in Figure 1, for gathering the profile of the CIS pel array of coloured image in prior art.This pel array is the bayer pattern, for the ease of understanding, has only illustrated the cutaway view of three sub-pixels in the pel array the first row in Fig. 1.From section, pel array is divided into three layers from top to bottom, and upper strata is filter layer 101, middle level is silica material layer 102, be provided with metal level 103 in this silica material layer 102, lower floor is silicon material layer 104, in this silicon material layer 104, is provided with light sensitive diode 105.Be provided with microlens layer 106(Micro-lens layer on filter layer 101), each filter 111 in filter layer 101 is positioned at same plane, has illustrated in figure and from left to right has been followed successively by red filter, green filter, red filter, green filter ... ..; And each filter 111 is one to one with the lenticule 116 in microlens layer 106, lenticule 116 a corresponding optical channel and light sensitive diodes 105.Lenticule 116 is for collected light, and the light of focusing arrives the light sensitive diode 105 of lower floor via optical channel through filter 111.Metal level 103 is to be electrically connected between M1～M4, is used for transmitting the signal of telecommunication, leaves optical channel between adjacent metal.
Fig. 2 is the existing basic principle figure with regard to simulation human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy digital filming in technology.The concise and to the point composition diagram that Fig. 3 is simulation human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy digital shooting system in prior art, as shown in Figure 2, within the specific limits, the human eye binocular vision has depth information, so people's brain-capacity perceives 3D effect.Outside this scope, the depth information precision is inadequate, and the 3D effect of binocular vision lost efficacy.Distance between two 201 of everyone interpupillary distance d() there is individual difference, but only change within the specific limits.When the object distance S of eyes concern changes, eyes sight line angle N changes thereupon.Suppose that the variation of d can ignore, during Smin<S<Smax Stereoscopy in working range, Nmin<N<Nmax now.As shown in Figure 3, video camera 201 shot objects 200, two human eyes of pel array 202 simulations in the CIS imageing sensor, because human eye has two, the retina of sensitization has two, and simulating intuitively Stereoscopy needs two light pathes that separate fully, also needs at least two CIS.The human eye binocular vision is similar, establishes between two CIS distance for D, object distance S ', and the angle of two Camera optical axises is N ', and S ' min<S '<S ' max, the 3D effect of Stereoscopy is effective during N ' min<N<N ' max.
In prior art, in order to realize human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy, two darkrooms must using at least two CIS, two phtographic lenses and answer in contrast.As can be seen here, build the cost of this system quite high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the pel array of a kind of CIS, the above-mentioned technical problem existed in order to partly or entirely to overcome, partly or entirely to solve prior art.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the pel array of a kind of CIS, it comprises from top to bottom successively:
Substrate, be provided with sensor layer in described substrate, for the incident light to light path, carries out opto-electronic conversion;
Metal level, processed to peripheral circuit for the electric signal transmission by opto-electronic conversion;
Microlens layer, the material of described microlens layer is the Gradient Refractive Index Materials, so that incident light is formed to two different described light pathes, thereby forms the digital picture in simulation right and left eyes road by the processing of described peripheral circuit.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, described metal level is arranged in the intermediate layer of silica material.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the centre distance between the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the distance between described pel array and sensing object is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, be arranged in the light of each lenticule normal left and right sides of microlens layer, after corresponding lenticule focuses on processing, along the vertical described sensing layer of direction directive.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is corresponding one by one with the pixel value of adjacent two biographies sense unit in described sensing layer.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, the described incident light of being responded to by described sensor layer is caught through the degree of depth.
Preferably, in one embodiment of this invention, utilize the wide-angle lens degree of depth to catch the incident light of being responded to by described sensor layer.
Preferably in one embodiment of this invention, also be provided with the filter layer under described microlens layer, for realizing the reduction of different colours.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of system that realizes the human eye binocular stereo vision, and it comprises:
Main pick-up lens, the incident light produced in order to catch sensing object;
Imageing sensor, comprise the pel array of above-mentioned any type.
With existing scheme, compare, the material by described microlens layer in the present invention is the Gradient Refractive Index Materials, so that incident light is formed to two different described light pathes, thereby forms the digital picture in simulation right and left eyes road by the processing of described peripheral circuit.Thereby the digital picture based on this right and left eyes road utilizes an imageing sensor to realize the human eye binocular stereo vision.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 gathers the profile of the CIS pel array of coloured image in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the existing basic principle figure with regard to simulation human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy digital filming in technology;
The concise and to the point composition diagram that Fig. 3 is simulation human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy digital shooting system in prior art;
Fig. 4 gathers the CIS pel array cutaway view of gray level image in the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 5 gathers the CIS pel array cutaway view of coloured image in the embodiment of the present invention two;
The floor map that Fig. 6 is pel array in above-mentioned Fig. 4-Fig. 5;
Figure 7 shows that the simplified diagram of the system of human eye binocular stereo vision in the embodiment of the present invention four;
Fig. 8 is the luminous intensity schematic diagram in the optical channel of two of left and right in Fig. 7.
Embodiment
Below will coordinate graphic and embodiment to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, and can fully understand and implement according to this present invention's implementation procedure how the application technology means solve technical problem and reach the technology effect by this.
In following embodiment of the present invention, the transfer tube that selectively starts the corresponding efficiency of transmission of transfer tube group according to the illumination of incident light carries out the transmission of described electronics, thereby described electronics is transferred to drain electrode end and is converted to voltage signal from the source terminal of described transfer tube group.
Fig. 4 gathers the CIS pel array cutaway view of gray level image in the embodiment of the present invention one, in the present embodiment, the filter layer is not set in pel array, therefore, can only collect gray level image.As shown in Figure 4, it comprises from top to bottom successively: substrate 401, metal level 402, microlens layer 403.Wherein:
Be provided with sensor layer 402 in described substrate 401, for the incident light to light path, carry out opto-electronic conversion;
The material of microlens layer 403 is the Gradient Refractive Index Materials, so that incident light is formed to two different described light pathes, thereby forms the digital picture in simulation right and left eyes road by the processing of described peripheral circuit (not shown).Microlens layer 403 includes several lenticules 413 according to the number of pixel.
In the present embodiment, be arranged in the light of microlens layer 403 each lenticule 413 normal left and right sides, after corresponding lenticule focuses on processing, along the vertical described sensing layer of direction directive.
In the present embodiment, the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is corresponding one by one with the pixel value of adjacent two biographies sense unit in described sensing layer 402.
In the present embodiment, the centre distance between the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.Distance between described pel array and sensing object 405 is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.
In the present embodiment, the described incident light by described sensor layer 42 inductions is caught through the degree of depth.Preferably, can utilize the wide-angle lens degree of depth to catch the incident light of being responded to by described sensor layer.
In the embodiment shown in above-mentioned Fig. 4, become a1 angle with l3 with the CIS normal from light l1, the l2 in left side, through microlens layer, 403 refractions are bent into vertical light to the right after processing and enter optical channel; From light r1, the r2 on right side, become the a2 angle with the CIS normal, through microlens layer, 403 refractions are bent into vertical light left after processing and enter optical channel.Form the digital picture of right eye passage from the light in left side, form the gray-scale image of left eye passage from the light on right side.Thus, adopt single pel array to realize right and left eyes passage color shade digital picture, based on this, finally realize the human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy of intensity-based image.
Fig. 5 gathers the CIS pel array cutaway view of coloured image in the embodiment of the present invention two, in the present embodiment, be provided with filter layer 404 in pel array, the filter 414 of namely having given each pixel arrangement, therefore, can realize the reduction of different colours, thereby collect coloured image.As shown in Figure 4, identical with above-described embodiment one is that it comprises from top to bottom successively: substrate 401, metal level 402, microlens layer 403.
In the described embodiment of above-mentioned Fig. 5, become a1 angle with l3 with the CIS normal from light l1, the l2 in left side, through microlens layer 403 refractions process after after be bent into vertical light to the right, enter optical channel through filter layer 404; Light r1, r2 from right side become the a2 angle with the CIS normal, and through microlens layer, 403 refractions are bent into vertical light left after processing, and through filter layer 404, enter optical channel.Adjacent two pairs of filters and corresponding light sensitive diode PD thereof, be directed to respectively two groups of light from the left and right sides, and two width of generation have the color digital image of small Visual Angle in Perspective difference.Thus, adopt single pel array to realize right and left eyes passage chromatic number word image, based on this, finally realize the human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy based on coloured image.
Other contents identical with above-mentioned example three do not repeat them here, in detail can be referring to the above-mentioned associated description to Fig. 4.
It should be noted that, the floor map that Fig. 6 is pel array in above-mentioned Fig. 4-Fig. 5, the pel array in above-mentioned Fig. 5-Fig. 6 is based on the BAYER pattern, i.e. the first behavior RGB...RGB..... of pel array; The second behavior GBR...GBR......Above-mentioned Fig. 4-Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the first row pixel.
Figure 7 shows that the simplified diagram of the system of human eye binocular stereo vision in the embodiment of the present invention four.As shown in Figure 7, the CIS imageing sensor 702 that it comprises main camera 701 and comprises above-mentioned Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 pel array, main pick-up lens 701 wherein, the incident light produced in order to catch sensing object 700; Imageing sensor is for responding to the incident light that main pick-up lens 701 is caught.Because the microlens layer in CIS imageing sensor 802 can form incident light two optical channels in left and right, thereby collect simulation right and left eyes passage color shade digital picture, based on this, finally realized the human eye binocular stereo vision Stereoscopy of intensity-based image.
Fig. 8 is the luminous intensity schematic diagram in the optical channel of two of left and right in Fig. 7, as shown in Figure 8, from light intensity, has formed two optical channels in left and right.X means location of pixels, and Y means the luminous intensity of respective pixel position.
Above-mentioned explanation illustrates and has described some preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as previously mentioned, be to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed form of this paper, should not regard the eliminating to other embodiment as, and can be used for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can, in invention contemplated scope described herein, by technology or the knowledge of above-mentioned instruction or association area, be changed.And the change that those skilled in the art carry out and variation do not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should be in the protection range of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the pel array of a CIS, is characterized in that, comprises successively from top to bottom:
Substrate, be provided with sensor layer in described substrate, for the incident light to light path, carries out opto-electronic conversion;
Metal level, processed to peripheral circuit for the electric signal transmission by opto-electronic conversion;
Microlens layer, the material of described microlens layer is the Gradient Refractive Index Materials, so that incident light is formed to two different described light pathes, thereby forms the digital picture in simulation right and left eyes road by the processing of described peripheral circuit.
2. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal level is arranged in the intermediate layer of silica material.
3. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the centre distance between the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.
4. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance between described pel array and sensing object is within can realizing the scope that the human eye binocular stereo vision allows.
5. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is arranged in the light of each lenticule normal left and right sides of microlens layer, after corresponding lenticule focuses on processing, along the vertical described sensing layer of direction directive.
6. pel array according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the digital picture in described simulation right and left eyes road is corresponding one by one with the pixel value of adjacent two biographies sense unit in described sensing layer.
7. according to the described pel array of any claim of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, the described incident light of being responded to by described sensor layer is caught through the degree of depth.
8. pel array according to claim 7, is characterized in that, utilizes the wide-angle lens degree of depth to catch the incident light of being responded to by described sensor layer.
9. pel array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also is provided with the filter layer under described microlens layer, for realizing the reduction of different colours.
10. a system that realizes the human eye binocular stereo vision, is characterized in that, comprising:
Main pick-up lens, the incident light produced in order to catch sensing object;
Imageing sensor, comprise any described pel array of claim 1-9.
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| CN2013103935798A CN103441134A (en) | 2013-09-02 | 2013-09-02 | Pixel array of CIS |
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| CN2013103935798A CN103441134A (en) | 2013-09-02 | 2013-09-02 | Pixel array of CIS |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104270555A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Surface CMOS image sensor camera shooting module |
| CN105390512A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-09 | 爱思开海力士有限公司 | Image sensor and electronic device having the same |
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| US20070237511A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Nikon Corporation | Image sensor, imaging device and imaging method |
| CN102256100A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Two-way imaging-display system based on micro lens array and panel display integration |
| WO2013099910A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Solid-state imaging device |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105390512A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-03-09 | 爱思开海力士有限公司 | Image sensor and electronic device having the same |
| CN105390512B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2020-04-28 | 爱思开海力士有限公司 | Image sensor and electronic device having the same |
| CN104270555A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Surface CMOS image sensor camera shooting module |
| CN104270555B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-01-26 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | A kind of curved surface cmos image sensor camera module |
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