CN103529344B - Method for detecting intermittent high-resistance grounding fault through intermittent detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting an intermittent high-resistance grounding fault through intermittent detection and belongs to the field of emergency protection circuit devices. The method comprises the steps that detected forward fault pulses of intermittent power counted within a preset time window and the result of pulse counting is compared with a preset counting threshold when the timing is ended; if a counted value exceeds the preset counting threshold, a fierce transient state is deemed to occur within short time and a relay protection system gives out an alarm of the detected grounding fault as the intermittent high-resistance fault. The method for detecting the intermittent high-resistance grounding fault through intermittent detection has the advantages that the intermittent high-resistance grounding fault can be detected more sensitively, the faulted line can be removed, the sensitivity of a power supply line protection device is improved, the protection effect of the existing relay protection system/device is fully exerted, the continuous and stable operation of the entire medium-voltage power distribution system is improved and the safety performance of the entire power supply system is guaranteed. The method can be widely used in the field of high-resistance grounding fault detection and the relay protection of the medium-voltage power distribution system with a neutral point which is effectively grounded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to emergency protection circuit device for electric field, more particularly, to one kind are used for cable or line system high resistance ground
Detection/the guard method of fault.
Background technology
In China's power system, it is low pressure nominal voltage 1kV and following alternating voltage tier definition, nominally electricity
Pressure more than 1kV, the alternating voltage tier definition of below 330kV are high pressure, nominal voltage 330kV and above, below 1000kV
Alternating voltage tier definition be supertension, be extra-high voltage nominal voltage 1000kV and above alternating voltage tier definition；
IEEE-USA（Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,
IEEE）Normative document in the electric pressure of 2.4kV to 69kV referred to as in pressure；State Grid Corporation of China of China（State Grid）
Regulatory documents in 1kV with the up to electric pressure of 20kV referred to as in pressure.
Power system earth fault refers to energized conductor（Aerial line, cable etc.）Occur abnormal, through being too greatly short-circuited
Fault, be modal failure mode in power system.
Because being through too greatly constituting fault loop, trouble point is the one end in loop to earth fault, the ground connection of system itself
Point is the other end in loop.Therefore, study earth fault, first have to the clear and definite power system earthing mode of itself.
Three-phase electrical power system, through the neutral ground of system itself, is generally divided into effective grounding（I.e. neutral point is direct
It is grounded or through low resistance grounding）And non-effective earthing（Isolated neutral, connects through excessive resistance eutral grounding with through arc suppression coil
Ground）Two ways.Its middle and high voltage transmission system considers mostly to adopt the ground connection of neutral point effective grounding for overvoltage and insulation
Mode, and intermediate distribution system situation is more complicated, according to actual different demand, various earthing modes are likely to adopt.
In addition, earth fault another problem of interest is the resistance of trouble point：Energized conductor and the earth directly or
When connecting other objects contact, be frequently not preferably metallic short circuit, can with certain excessive resistance, electric arc or
The phenomenons such as having a rest property.These complicated phenomenons typically all merely serve as one simply in traditional relay protection system/device
Resistance represents.
In high-pressure system, because earth fault voltage is high, the electric current steady-state quantity that fault causes is big, and steady state fault feature is bright
Aobvious, such simplification will not bring very big impact to fault detect.
But in intermediate distribution system, voltage is relatively low, and stable fault currents are less, and feature is inconspicuous, in addition trouble point
Non-metal earthing, trouble point resistance is larger, and with unstable intermittent ground connection it is possible to enough faults cannot be produced
Electric current, brings very big difficulty to protection device detection earth fault.
To sum up, in intermediate distribution system, earthing mode is complicated, and fault current is less, and the problem of Earth Fault Detection is outstanding
It is complicated.But simultaneously as in a power distribution system, overhead line structures are low, and distance between centers of tracks is little, and it is palp that wire is in branch, building
In the range of, contact with this kind of medium and occur the chance of earth fault to greatly increase.The therefore always middle pressure of Earth Fault Detection
Difficult point Important Problems in distribution system.
Because Neutral Grounding Method of Power Distribution System is complicated, and earthing mode directly determines fault loop and fault electricity
Stream, in the intermediate distribution system using isolated neutral, singlephase earth fault does not constitute fault loop in theory, will not produce
The short circuit current of raw stable state, only constitutes faint capacitance current by distribution capacity；If system employs neutral point and passes through
The earthing mode of grounding through arc, faint capacitive fault current also can be compensated, and such configuration itself is it is simply that wish
Earth fault being capable of the impact to power supply of automatic distinguishing or reduction singlephase earth fault.
Detection ground path is very difficult in such systems, but just because of system neutral has high impedance, in ground connection
When fault occurs, the residual voltage on bus can offset, and fault can be found, and is simply not aware that on bus
That feeder line there occurs fault.Earth Fault Detection problem in such systems belongs to the model of small current earthing wire-selecting research
Farmland.
Using neutral point effective grounding（It is directly grounded or low resistance grounding）Intermediate distribution system in.After earth fault
Fault loop in impedance little, fault is mostly unable to automatic distinguishing, needs the overcurrent protection action could be fault clearance（Wish
Overcurrent protection action excision fault is also actually one of purpose of earthing mode using neutral point effective grounding）.
But, if having higher fault resstance in trouble point, the such as non-conductive medium such as branch, dry soil can limit
Earth-fault current is little.Fault current is less than the threshold value of overcurrent protection it is impossible to being detected and removed by protection device.Therefore, this
Earth fault just probably cannot be found for a long time.Fault sustained combustion can bring the very serious harm such as electric shock, fire.
Exactly because in such a system, high resistance earthing fault can with sustainable existence, cannot be noticeable, endanger very big,
High resistance earthing fault problem is typically just defined within the intermediate distribution system of neutral point effective grounding.
Table 1.1 is given and is directly grounded middle pressure（12.5kV）In distribution system, high resistance earthing fault is in different dielectric surfaces
The current value of typical stable state：General high resistance earthing fault electric current can be less than 50A, less than excessively stream in relay protection system/device
Protection or the minimum action threshold value of electric fuse.
Table 1.1 12.5kV high resistance earthing fault typical electrical flow valuve
| Medium | Electric current (ampere) |
| Colophonium/concrete/the sand ground being dried | 0 |
| Moist sand ground | 15 |
| Turf is dried | 20 |
| Meadow is dried | 25 |
| Moist turf | 40 |
| Moist meadow | 50 |
| Armored concrete | 75 |
Therefore IEEE, relay protection of power system committee（Power System
Relaying Committee,PSRC）Definition point out, high resistance earthing fault（High Impedance Fault,HIF）Be
The distribution line of neutral point effective grounding there occurs via nonmetal character conducting medium（Road surface, soil, branch etc.）The event of ground connection
Barrier.
In the definition of high resistance earthing fault, overcurrent protective device faint, traditional for fault current be can't detect fault all fixed
Justice is high resistance earthing fault, is classified according to the most significantly feature that high resistive fault has in varied situations, classification
Basic principle comes from several situations that traditional overcurrent protection can not be correctly detecting fault, that is,：1）Fault current width
Value is too low can not to start overcurrent protective device；2）Fault current is intermittent to be occurred, and leads to protection just to have not timed out in action delay
Automatic resetting.
Intermittent earth fault therein is the class earth fault that existing Over Current Protection System/device is difficult to detect,
Although the fault current of intermittent defect may starting protection device, be because fault extinguish quickly so that overcurrent protection dress
Put " involution " and fault cannot be detected or send corresponding alarm signal.
In the past, the neutral point of China 10～35kV distribution system commonly used non-effective earthing mode, it is above-mentioned fixed not exist
Not, research is also not abundant for the high resistance earthing fault problem of justice, therefore attention degree.
But system with non effectively earth ed neutral also has a lot of drawbacks, as overvoltage problem, ground arc current problems etc.,
More and more can not be accepted by modern electric user.
From the extensive city net that latter stage in last century starts, the upgrading of rural power grids, China coast big city starts successively neutral
The distribution system of point non-effective earthing is changed to system with effectively earthed neutral.Large-scale important power consumers also or prepare adopt
System earth mode with neutral point effective grounding（Through low resistance grounding）, this trend is also in development at present.
After neutral point adopts effective grounding mode, if it happens during the short circuit grounding fault of low-resistance, existing relay protection system
Overcurrent protection in system/unit can action at once excise faulty line, can effectively prevent the expansion of fault and climing
Prolong.And the high resistance earthing fault that traditional protection method is difficult to detect is the difficulties in this kind of system.Therefore, research high resistant connects
Earth fault detects, for ensureing that China is newly-built, the safety of the distribution system of reconstruction or even whole power system all have real
Necessity.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide one kind to detect that using " intermittent detection " intermittent high resistant connects
The method of earth fault, its to intermittent defect, by amplitude inspection is carried out to the down pulse of the instantaneous power positive direction detecting
Survey and step-by-step counting, determine that intermittent high resistance earthing fault occurs on certain circuit, and locking is not reported on non-fault line
Alert, and then improve the susceptiveness of supply line's protection device it is ensured that the safe and stable operation of electric power system.
The technical scheme is that：One kind is provided to detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault using " intermittent detection "
Method, is characterized in that described detection method at least comprises the following steps：
The current output value of each zero sequence current mutual inductor in all outlets on A, Real-time Collection or the same bus of detecting system,
Obtain fault component average current magnitude data；
B, renewal current failure component average current magnitude, the amplitude according to two cycle fault components, judges whether simultaneously
Enter next step；
If C two cycle current amplitude is more than amplitude starts threshold value, enter " startup " stage, the average amplitude before startup
Stored, as the load condition before fault；
D, start an intervalometer and start timing, enumerator pulse to the instantaneous power positive direction detecting simultaneously
Counted；
E, when start intervalometer timing terminate when, the result of impulse scaler compares with predetermined count threshold；
If F umber of pulse exceedes predetermined count threshold, export " meeting condition " status signal, between being directly reported as
Having a rest property high resistance earthing fault；Otherwise according to other situations（Transient fault, stable state or noise）Process,
G, the relay protection system/device of system, report according to corresponding event of failure, start corresponding processing routine.
Its described system is the distribution system of single supply radial neutral point effective grounding.
After described intermittent detection method " startup ", a pre-set startup intervalometer timing when
Between in window, start the down pulse to the instantaneous power positive direction detecting and count, when starting intervalometer timing and terminate,
The result of the counting to pulse and a threshold value set in advance are compared；In the time window presetting, if this meter
Numerical value exceedes count threshold, is considered as there occurs the transient state of fierceness in the short time, relay protection system/device will just will be examined
The earth fault measuring is reported to the police as intermittent high resistive fault.
Described detection method calculates fault component electric current and voltage first, if fault component current amplitude is more than opened
Dynamic threshold value then starts subsequent processing steps, calculates fault component current/voltage based on the voltage current waveform before fault initiating, then
By fault component voltage current waveform, calculate instantaneous reactive, and then obtain fault direction.
Described detection method neutral resistor ground connection or insulation system in, using instantaneous reactive failure judgement side
To, if from bus flow to circuit be positive direction, then when instantaneous reactive for positive when, fault occur in positive direction, that is, occur
On this circuit, otherwise, fault occurs on All other routes or bus.
Described amplitude starts 0.5 times that threshold value is this branch road zero-sequence current protection setting valve, and described count threshold is 3
Secondary.
If described " meeting condition " status signal duration exceedes " earth fault time threshold ", directly report
There occurs earth fault；
If described " meeting condition " status signal duration does not reach " earth fault time threshold ", as one
Secondary transient event report, and continue waiting for；
If within default reset time, the continuous transient event occurring more than three times is then it is assumed that there occurs that intermittence connects
Earth fault, otherwise reports result according to transient event, and does not do alarm and any process.
Compared with the prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：
1. by the statistics of zero-sequence current amplitude and the umber of pulse of instantaneous power positive direction detecting and with predetermined
Threshold values is compared, and obtains " startup " signal, and trigger condition is succinct, and reliable operation can detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault,
And then improve the susceptiveness of supply line's protection device.
2. it is directed to intermittent high resistance earthing fault, give using zero-sequence current amplitude and go out occurrence at the appointed time
The detection method of number, in the system of neutral point effective grounding, has given full play to the protective effect of existing relay protection systems/devices,
It is favorably improved the continuous, stable operation of whole intermediate distribution system it is ensured that the security performance of whole electric power system.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of detection method.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Intermittent high resistance earthing fault detection is mainly used to identification because fault ground interval occurs, and leads to protect " involution " no
The fault of method detection, simultaneously as the fault that interval occurs mostly contains substantial amounts of high frequency content, also can be strong by distribution capacity
Larger disturbance is produced on full line, needs faulty line is recognized；Intermittent defect detection is concerned with zero-sequence current
The change of amplitude.
Therefore, in the technical program, the emphasis of intermittent high resistance earthing fault detection just utilize zero-sequence current amplitude Lai
Identification of defective circuit.
In Fig. 1, give the block diagram of detection method.
In neutral point disresonance earthed system（Isolated neutral or through resistance eutral grounding）Fault loop in it is stipulated that
From bus to road be positive direction, otherwise be negative direction.
Definition according to typical power simultaneously, capacitive branch generation is idle, and inductive branch consumption is idle, and resistance branch
Consume active.
The technical program provides a kind of method using " intermittent detection " to detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault, its
Described detection method at least comprises the following steps：
On all outlet branch roads on A, Real-time Collection or the same bus of detecting system, the electric current of each zero sequence current mutual inductor is defeated
Go out value, obtain amplitude I of current output valueAMP, it is asked with the meansigma methodss of two cycles, obtains fault component average current magnitude
IAVGData；
B, renewal current failure component average current magnitude, amplitude I according to two cycle fault components simultaneouslyAVGOr amplitude
Increment IST, judge whether to enter next step；
If amplitude I of C two cycle fault componentAVGOr amplitude increment ISTStart threshold value more than amplitude, then enter and " open
Dynamic " stage, the average amplitude before startup is stored, as the load condition before fault；
D, start an intervalometer and start timing, enumerator pulse to the instantaneous power positive direction detecting simultaneously
Counted；
E, when start intervalometer timing terminate when, the result of impulse scaler compares with predetermined count threshold；
If F umber of pulse exceedes predetermined count threshold, output " meeting condition " status signal (or set " high resistant
Fault " indicates), directly it is reported as intermittent high resistance earthing fault；Otherwise according to other situations（Transient fault, stable state or noise）
Process；
G, the relay protection system/device of system, report according to corresponding event of failure, start corresponding processing routine.
Its described system is the distribution system of single supply radial neutral point effective grounding.
After described intermittent detection method " startup ", a pre-set startup intervalometer timing when
Between in window, start the down pulse to the instantaneous power positive direction detecting and count, when starting intervalometer timing and terminate,
The result of the counting to pulse and a threshold value set in advance are compared；In the time window presetting, if this meter
Numerical value exceedes count threshold, is considered as there occurs the transient state of fierceness in the short time, relay protection system/device will just will be examined
The earth fault measuring is reported to the police as intermittent high resistive fault.
Described detection method calculates fault component electric current and voltage first, if fault component current amplitude is more than opened
Dynamic threshold value then starts subsequent processing steps, calculates fault component current/voltage based on the voltage current waveform before fault initiating, then
By fault component voltage current waveform, calculate instantaneous reactive, and then obtain fault direction.
Described detection method neutral resistor ground connection or insulation system in, using instantaneous reactive failure judgement side
To, if from bus flow to circuit be positive direction, then when instantaneous reactive for positive when, fault occur in positive direction, that is, occur
On this circuit, otherwise, fault occurs on All other routes or bus.
Described amplitude starts 0.5 times that threshold value is this branch road zero-sequence current protection setting valve, and described count threshold is 3
Secondary.
If described " meeting condition " status signal duration exceedes " earth fault time threshold ", directly report
There occurs earth fault；
If described " meeting condition " status signal duration does not reach " earth fault time threshold ", as one
Secondary transient event report, and continue waiting for；
If within default reset time, the continuous transient event occurring more than three times is then it is assumed that there occurs that intermittence connects
Earth fault, otherwise reports result according to transient event, and does not do alarm and any process.
Intermittent defect detection is concerned with the change of zero-sequence current amplitude.
And in intermittent defect, such zero-sequence current change shows as multiple pulse signals（Fault is lighted and is put out
Go out）.After intermittent detection method " startup ", in the time window of a pre-set startup intervalometer timing, open
Begin the down pulse counting to the positive direction detecting, when startup intervalometer timing terminates, by the counting to pulse
Result and a threshold value set in advance are compared.
In the time window presetting, if this count value exceedes threshold value it is believed that there occurs the transient state of fierceness in the short time,
Algorithm will just be reported to the police as intermittent high resistive fault.
So, the technical program can be divided into two stages, in ready phase（In figure is represented with READY）, update each
Outlet branch road（Or loop）Current average zero-sequence current amplitude, judges whether to open according to the amplitude of two cycle fault components simultaneously
Dynamic subsequent step, if two cycle fault component current amplitudes are more than starts threshold value, algorithm enters startup stage（In figure with
START represents）, the average amplitude before startup is stored, as the load condition before fault.
In startup stage, start intervalometer and start timing, an enumerator enters to the pulse of the positive direction detecting simultaneously
Row counts, and when startup intervalometer timing terminates, the result of impulse scaler compares with a series of threshold values, if pulse
Number is excessive, then be reported as intermittent high resistance earthing fault, otherwise according to other situations（Transient fault, stable state or noise）Process.
Because the present invention is in the system of neutral resistor ground connection or insulation, to positive step-by-step counting, in detection
Between end when and preset threshold value multilevel iudge fault, can more delicately detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault and and
When excise faulty line；Can selectively on faulty line action report to the police, and on non-fault line locking relay protection dress
Put and do not report to the police, and then improve the susceptiveness of supply line's protection device, given full play to the protection of existing relay protection systems/devices
Effect, is favorably improved the continuous, stable operation of whole intermediate distribution system it is ensured that the security performance of whole electric power system.
The method can be widely used in high resistance earthing fault detection and the relay of the intermediate distribution system of neutral point effective grounding
Protection field.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method using " intermittent detection " to detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault, include collection or detect all go out
The current output value of zero sequence current mutual inductor on line branch road, obtains fault component average current magnitude data；Update current failure
Component average current magnitude；If current amplitude is more than amplitude starts threshold value, enter " startup " stage, the electric current width before startup
Value is stored, as the load condition before fault；Start an intervalometer and start timing, enumerator is to detecting simultaneously
Peak pulse is counted；When startup intervalometer timing terminates, the result of impulse scaler is compared with predetermined threshold value
Relatively；If umber of pulse exceedes predetermined threshold values, it is reported as intermittent high resistance earthing fault；
It is characterized in that described detection method comprises the following steps：
The current output value of each zero sequence current mutual inductor on all outlet branch roads on A, Real-time Collection or the same bus of detecting system,
Obtain fault component average current magnitude data；
B, renewal current failure component average current magnitude, the amplitude according to two cycle fault components simultaneously, judge whether to enter
Next step；
If the current amplitude of C two cycle is more than amplitude starts threshold value, enter " startup " stage, the fault component before startup is put down
All current amplitudes are stored, as the load condition before fault；
D, one intervalometer of startup start timing, and an enumerator is carried out to the pulse of the instantaneous power positive direction detecting simultaneously
Count；
E, when start intervalometer timing terminate when, the result of impulse scaler compares with predetermined count threshold；
If F umber of pulse exceedes predetermined count threshold, export " meeting condition " status signal, be directly reported as intermittence
High resistance earthing fault；Otherwise process according to transient fault, stable state or noise situations；
G, the relay protection system/device of system, report according to corresponding event of failure, start corresponding processing routine；
Its described system is the distribution system of single supply radial neutral point effective grounding；
Described detection method, is divided into " ready " and " startup " two stages, in " ready " stage, update each outlet branch road or
The current fault component average current magnitude in loop, judges whether to start follow-up step according to the amplitude of two cycle fault components simultaneously
Suddenly, if two cycle fault component current amplitudes are more than starts threshold value, algorithm enters startup stage, the fault component before startup
Average current magnitude is stored, as the load condition before fault；
In " startup " stage, start intervalometer and start timing, an enumerator is carried out to the pulse of the positive direction detecting simultaneously
Count, when startup intervalometer timing terminates, the result of impulse scaler compares with a series of threshold values, if umber of pulse
Excessively, then it is reported as intermittent high resistance earthing fault, otherwise according to transient fault, stable state or noise processed；
After described intermittent detection method " startup ", in the time window of a pre-set startup intervalometer timing
Interior, start the down pulse to the instantaneous power positive direction detecting and count, when startup intervalometer timing terminates, will be right
The result of the counting of pulse and a threshold value set in advance are compared；In the time window presetting, if this count value
Exceed count threshold, be considered as there occurs the transient state of fierceness in the short time, relay protection system/device will just will be detected
Earth fault report to the police as intermittent high resistive fault；
Described detection method calculates fault component electric current and voltage first, if fault component average current magnitude is more than opened
Dynamic threshold value then starts subsequent processing steps, calculates fault component current/voltage based on the voltage current waveform before fault initiating, then
By fault component voltage current waveform, calculate instantaneous reactive, and then obtain fault direction；
Described detection method neutral resistor ground connection or insulation system in, using instantaneous reactive failure judgement direction,
If from bus flow to circuit be positive direction, then when instantaneous reactive for positive when, fault occur in positive direction, that is, occur at this
On circuit, otherwise, fault occurs on All other routes or bus；
Described detection method, by carrying out amplitude detection and pulsimeter to the down pulse of the instantaneous power positive direction detecting
Number, determines that intermittent high resistance earthing fault occurs on certain circuit, and locking is not reported to the police on non-fault line, gives full play to
The protective effect of existing relay protection system/device, and then improve the susceptiveness of supply line's protection device it is ensured that power supply system
The safe and stable operation of system.
2. the method to detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault according to the employing " intermittent detection " described in claim 1, it is special
Levying is that described amplitude starts 0.5 times that threshold value is this branch road zero-sequence current protection setting valve, and described count threshold is 3 times.
3. the method to detect intermittent high resistance earthing fault according to the employing " intermittent detection " described in claim 1, it is special
If levying is that described " meeting condition " status signal duration exceedes " earth fault time threshold ", directly report occurs
Earth fault；
If described " meeting condition " status signal duration does not reach " earth fault time threshold ", as once temporary
State event is reported, and continues waiting for；
If within default reset time, the continuous transient event occurring more than three times is then it is assumed that there occurs intermittent ground connection event
Barrier, otherwise reports result according to transient event, and does not do alarm and any process.
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| CN104297615B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-02-01 | 国家电网公司 | Method for detecting intermittent ground fault on basis of zero-sequence current randomness recognition |
| CN104375061A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-25 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Intermittent grounding fault detection system of power distribution network |
| CN107632235B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-12-31 | 河北旭辉电气股份有限公司 | Device and method for identifying fault line of low-resistance grounding system |
| CN107516878B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-04-19 | 广州供电局有限公司 | Intermittent high resistance earthing protecting method and system |
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| CN108267671B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-10-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of power grid high resistance earthing fault detection method and system |
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