CN103659467A - Method for calibrating axial prestroke of touch-type measuring head - Google Patents

Method for calibrating axial prestroke of touch-type measuring head Download PDF

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CN103659467A
CN103659467A CN201310576660.XA CN201310576660A CN103659467A CN 103659467 A CN103659467 A CN 103659467A CN 201310576660 A CN201310576660 A CN 201310576660A CN 103659467 A CN103659467 A CN 103659467A
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touch
probe
standard ball
axis
radius
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CN103659467B (en
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高峰
赵柏涵
李艳
全杜峰
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calibrating the axial prestroke of a touch-type measuring head. According to the method, a master ball is adopted as a calibration tool, touch measurement is carried out on a plurality of measuring points which are evenly distributed on the spherical surface of the master ball, spherical surface fitting is carried out on measuring point data through the least square method, the measured radius of the master ball is worked out, and the axial prestroke of the touch-type measuring head is worked out based on the difference value between the measured radius of the master ball and the nominal radius of the master ball. Because on-machine measurement results are corrected according to calibration results, measuring errors caused when the position of a probe of the measuring head and the position of a workpiece are different from measuring point positions recorded by a numerical control system in the measuring process are avoided; errors caused by the fact that the average value of prestrokes in various directions of the measuring head serves as an actual axial prestroke are avoided, and calibration accuracy is improved; in addition, a commercially available etalon, namely the master ball, serves as the calibration tool, other devices are not needed, so that use cost is low, and operation is easy and convenient to carry out.

Description

The scaling method of the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe
Technical field
The invention belongs to on-machine measurement method and technology field, be specifically related to the scaling method of the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe for a kind of on-machine measurement.
Background technology
Motion control and the position detecting function of on-machine measurement technical backstopping Digit Control Machine Tool, on the Working position of workpiece, its geometric properties, relative position are measured, can be used for the technical process such as the real-time detection of the automatic foundation of workpiece coordinate system or adjustment, Workpiece Machining Accuracy and line Quality Control, is the effective way that realizes manufacture course of products automation, intellectuality, high speed, high precision int.Owing to having avoided the carrying of workpiece between lathe and checkout equipment, this technology has effectively overcome the foozle that technological datum does not overlap and causes, and has reduced unnecessary time and material consumption, has alleviated labour intensity, has improved productivity.
Touch trigger probe is that the key of on-machine measurement system forms, referring to Fig. 1.During measurement, gauge head to workpiece motion s, when probe 1 touches after workpiece, generates triggering signal under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, and digital control system response triggering signal, records the position of this measuring point under lathe coordinate system.So by technological requirement, measure a plurality of measuring points, coordinate data is processed, generate examining report.Conventionally, the direction that three-dimensional triggering type gauge head can be triggered comprise in XY plane any direction (radially) and+Z direction (axially).
Touch trigger probe surveying work sequential as shown in Figure 2.T 1constantly for measuring probe is surveyed the moment that ball contacts with measured workpiece, T 2gauge head sends the moment of triggering signal, T 3for the digital control system response triggering signal moment; T 1to T 3in period, the relative shift of gauge head and measured workpiece is the pretravel of gauge head.Correlative study shows, because the point position of digital control system record and the actual contact position of probe and measured workpiece exist deviation (being pretravel) to cause measure error, accounts for proportion in on-machine measurement global error up to more than 60%.Compensation is to reduce the effective means that gauge head pretravel affects certainty of measurement, and accurately carries out the demarcation of pretravel, is the prerequisite that guarantees compensation precision.
Be subject to the impact of the architectural characteristic of gauge head trigger mechanism, in difference, trigger in direction, the pretravel of gauge head is also inconsistent.What therefore compensation should be concrete accurately carries out along different directions.The axial pretravel of gauge head has very big difference with the pretravel along other directions.As shown in Figure 3, along gauge head axially (Z-direction) measure, be used for determining allowance and the cutting depth of workpiece, measurement result has directly determined the choosing and final machining accuracy of Cutting Process parameter of workpiece.Therefore, the axial pretravel of necessary accurate calibration gauge head before measurement.
At present, for the axial pretravel of gauge head, can realize the method for definite value demarcation seldom:
The one, by independent calibration facility (calling independent method in the following text).Gauge head is arranged on possess motion control, on the equipment of contact condition monitoring, triggering signal identification and displacement measurement, the triggering measuring process of simulation touch trigger probe, demarcates its pretravel.
Consider that the pretravel of gauge head can be subject to the obvious impact of Test Cycle, demarcate and should not be independent of machine tool running environment.And the actual measurement operating mode of the declared working condition of independent method and gauge head has bigger difference, so its calibration result can not accurately reflect pretravel when gauge head is measured; In addition, independent method is usingd moment of moment that gauge head sends triggering signal numerical control record position coordinate while replacing actual measurement as the accounting benchmark of pretravel, makes this method have the errors of principles; The 3rd, independent calibration facility cost is high, complex operation, and engineering adaptability is poor.
The 2nd, operating radius method.Consider that the probe survey radius of a ball, on the impact of measuring, need to carry out radius compensation while carrying out data processing conventionally.Because gauge head exists pretravel, it is inaccurate during actual measurement, with probe survey ball nominal radius, compensating.On standard ball sphere, touch and survey several measuring points, calculate the measurement radius of standard ball, the difference of itself and standard ball nominal radius is the probe that comprises gauge head pretravel and surveys ball operating radius, with this, compensates, and can reduce to a certain extent the impact of pretravel on measurement result.Operating radius method replaces actual pretravel with the equivalent mean value of pretravel in all directions, homogenizing error.Yet the pretravel of touch trigger probe in all directions is not identical, even has bigger difference, this thought compensating with mean error, and be not suitable for the occasion of measuring vertically, be difficult to effectively improve certainty of measurement.
Summary of the invention
The scaling method that the object of this invention is to provide the axial pretravel of a kind of touch trigger probe, solves the low problem of stated accuracy that prior art exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, the scaling method of the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe, adopt standard ball as demarcating apparatus, in standard ball, cut on circle and touch and survey several points that distribute along even circumferential, and by least square method, each measuring point coordinate figure is justified to matching computing, obtain tested section of radius of a circle and central coordinate of circle; Then measure the distance between tested section of circle and ball top; Finally, combined standard ball nominal radius and probe are surveyed the radius of a ball, calculate the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe.
Feature of the present invention is also, specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step: standard ball is adsorbed on numerically controlled machine, guarantees the tactile survey standard ball that touch trigger probe can be accurate, safe in its travel range;
Second step: regulate Digit Control Machine Tool in the position of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, by touch trigger probe probe positioning at standard ball circumference place and try to touch and survey, Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 1;
The 3rd step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, touch and survey equally distributed several points on to be measured section of circle of standard ball, record the position coordinates (X of each measuring point i, Y i);
The 4th step: adopt least square method, a series of coordinate figures that the 3rd step is obtained are justified the Fitting Calculation, obtain tested section of radius of a circle r of standard ball and central coordinate of circle (X 0, Y 0);
The 5th step: touch trigger probe is moved up along Z axis, make touch trigger probe probe higher than standard ball;
The 6th step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, the tested section of round circle centre position (X by touch trigger probe probe positioning in standard ball 0, Y 0);
The 7th step: touch trigger probe is moved downward to touch along Z axis and survey standard ball summit, Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 2;
The 8th step: the Z axis coordinate Z obtaining according to second step 1, the Z axis coordinate Z that obtains of the radius r that obtains of the 4th step and the 7th step 2, obtain the axial pretravel τ of touch trigger probe,
τ = ( R + b ) - ( R + b ) 2 - r 2 - ( Z 2 - Z 1 )
In formula, R is standard ball nominal radius; B is that probe is surveyed the radius of a ball.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention surveys by touching on standard ball sphere several measuring points that are evenly distributed, adopt least square method to carry out sphere matching to measuring point data, calculate the measurement radius of standard ball, the difference of itself and standard ball nominal radius is the probe that comprises gauge head pretravel and surveys ball operating radius, with this, compensate, reduced to a certain extent the impact of pretravel on measurement result, stated accuracy is high.
2, the present invention be take calibration result as according to on-machine measurement result is revised, and has avoided in measuring process, due to measuring probe and the position of workpiece and different the caused measure errors of point position of digital control system record; Avoid the mean value with pretravel in gauge head all directions in existing scaling method to replace the actual error that axial pretravel was produced, improved stated accuracy.
3, the inventive method is used commercially available etalon-standard ball as demarcating apparatus, and without other equipment, use cost is low, easy and simple to handle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is touch trigger probe basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that touch trigger probe touches survey working timing figure;
Fig. 3 is the structure of numerically controlled machine-tool schematic diagram that touch trigger probe is installed;
Fig. 4 is the calibration principle schematic diagram of the axial pretravel scaling method of touch trigger probe of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the axial pretravel scaling method of touch trigger probe of the present invention caliberating device schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the side view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the demarcation schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2, and wherein, chain line represents section circle and the path that gauge head is measured, and dotted line represents to measure after section circle, the path of gauge head while touching position, survey ball top.
In accompanying drawing, 1. probe; 2. touch trigger probe; 3. standard ball; 4. numerically controlled machine; 5. extension bar; 6. magnetic stand; 7. holding screw.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The axial pretravel scaling method of touch trigger probe, adopts standard ball as demarcating apparatus, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Its principle is in standard ball, to cut arbitrarily circle and determined by this section of radius of circle r with the distance L on ball top.In standard ball, cut on circle and touch and survey several points that distribute along even circumferential, and by least square method, each measuring point coordinate figure is justified to matching computing, obtain tested section of radius of a circle and central coordinate of circle; Then measure the distance l=Z between tested section of circle and ball top 2-Z 1; Finally, the impact of comprehensive measuring probe radius on measurement result, the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe is:
τ = ( R + b ) - ( R + b ) 2 - r 2 - ( Z 2 - Z 1 )
In formula, R is standard ball nominal radius; R is tested section of radius of a circle; B is that measuring probe is surveyed the radius of a ball; Z 2z axis position coordinates for ball top measuring point; Z 1z axis position coordinates for tested section of circle.
Fig. 2 is that touch trigger probe touches survey working timing figure;
Fig. 4 is the calibration principle schematic diagram of the axial pretravel scaling method of touch trigger probe of the present invention;
The concrete steps of above-mentioned scaling method are:
The first step: standard ball is adsorbed on numerically controlled machine, guarantees the tactile survey standard ball that touch trigger probe can be accurate, safe in its travel range;
Second step: under manual mode, regulate touch trigger probe in the position of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, by touch trigger probe probe positioning at standard ball circumference place and try touch to survey Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 1;
The 3rd step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, touch and survey equally distributed several points on to be measured section of circle of standard ball, record the position coordinates (X of each measuring point i, Y i);
The 4th step: adopt least square method, a series of coordinate figures that the 3rd step is obtained carry out the Fitting Calculation, obtain tested section of radius of a circle r of standard ball and central coordinate of circle (X 0, Y 0);
The 5th step: under manual mode, touch trigger probe is moved up along Z axis, make touch trigger probe probe higher than standard ball;
The 6th step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, the tested section of round circle centre position (X by touch trigger probe probe positioning in standard ball 0, Y 0);
The 7th step: touch trigger probe is moved downward to touch along Z axis and survey standard ball summit, Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 2;
The 8th step: the Z axis coordinate Z obtaining according to second step 1, the Z axis coordinate Z that obtains of the radius r that obtains of the 4th step and the 7th step 2, obtain the axial pretravel τ of touch trigger probe,
τ = ( R + b ) - ( R + b ) 2 - r 2 - ( Z 2 - Z 1 )
In formula, R is standard ball nominal radius; B is that probe is surveyed the radius of a ball.
Demarcate completely, take off caliberating device.
The present invention's axial pretravel caliberating device of touch trigger probe used, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, comprises touch trigger probe 2, standard ball 3, extension bar 5, magnetic stand 6 and holding screw 7; Touch trigger probe 2 ends are provided with probe 1; Extension bar 5 tops are fluted, and for fixing of standard ball 3, the other end has kidney slot, for coordinating with holding screw 7, adjust the length of extension bar.
During use, first standard ball is arranged in the groove on extension bar 5 tops, and guarantees to connect reliable; Unclamp holding screw 7, according to the Installation posture of gauge head to be calibrated, adjust angle and the length of extension bar 5, rear locking holding screw 7 in place; The correct position that finally whole device is adsorbed on to numerically controlled machine 4 can start to demarcate.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is demarcated the axial pretravel of Hai Kesikang 40.01-TX/RX type touch trigger probe.Being arranged on the Digit Control Machine Tool shown in Fig. 3, belonging to vertical installation, is axially the Z-direction of Digit Control Machine Tool.
One, by standard ball and measuring probe surface wiped clean, caliberating device is adsorbed on to the correct position of numerically controlled machine 4, guarantee that it is in the impulse stroke of all directions of touch trigger probe 2;
Two, according to step 2, three, complete the tactile survey that standard ball is cut to circle, and record each point position coordinate;
Three, application least square method, calculates tested section of radius of a circle and home position coordinate thereof;
Four, according to step 5, six, seven, under the control of NC program, to measuring the distance of cutting circle and standard ball tip circle;
Five, experimental result contrast
Adopt the calibration result of scaling method of the present invention to see the following form 1 with adopting the calibration result of operating radius method,
The axial pretravel of table 1 different calibration
Figure BDA0000414968310000081
From the result contrast of table 1, can find out, under identical triggering speed, the pretravel that adopts operating radius method to obtain is greater than the pretravel that scaling method of the present invention obtains.Be subject to gauge head trigger mechanism structure influence, when radially triggering along gauge head, its pretravel is greater than the pretravel while triggering vertically.Operating radius method adopts the thought of homogenizing error, makes to demarcate the impact that the axial pretravel of gained is subject to pretravel in other directions, and resulting result is not actual value.Experiment shows, usings this as the compensation basis of measuring, and can not accurately improve certainty of measurement.According to the result in pertinent literature, when adopting the gauge head of the demarcation of autonomous device method and this example same type, axially pretravel is in 0.002mm left and right, much smaller than this method, obtain result, this is to be independent of its Test Cycle because autonomous device method makes the demarcation of gauge head, and it usings moment of moment that gauge head sends triggering signal numerical control record position coordinate while replacing actual measurement as the accounting benchmark of pretravel, make calibration result can not reflect the truth of gauge head pretravel when measuring, and be not suitable for the scene compensation of touch trigger probe pretravel.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 7, the horizontal installation of gauge head, is axially Digit Control Machine Tool X-direction.
One, by standard ball and measuring probe surface wiped clean, caliberating device is adsorbed on to the correct position of numerically controlled machine, guarantee its at each of touch trigger probe 2 in impulse stroke;
Two, under manual mode, regulate each shaft position, touch trigger probe probe is surveyed to ball and be positioned at standard ball circumference place and try to touch and survey, X-axis coordinate X when record triggers 1(position shown in chain line in Fig. 7);
Three, under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by Z, Y-axis moving interpolation, on to be measured section of circle, touch and survey equally distributed several points, record the position coordinates (Z of each measuring point i, Y i);
Four: adopt least square method, a series of coordinate figures that second step is obtained carry out the Fitting Calculation, obtain tested section of radius of a circle r and central coordinate of circle (Z 0, Y 0);
The 5th step: under manual mode, regulate each axle, make measuring probe on directions X away from standard ball;
The 6th step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by Z, Y-axis moving interpolation, gauge head is positioned to tested section of round circle centre position (Z 0, Y 0);
The 7th step: X-axis is touched and surveyed standard ball summit, the coordinate X of X-axis while recording gauge head triggering 2.
The 8th step: data processing: the tested section of round X-direction coordinate X obtaining according to second step 1, the ball top that obtains of tested section of radius of circle r obtaining of the 3rd step and the 7th step X-direction coordinate X 2, according to the axial pretravel computing formula of the given touch trigger probe of the inventive method, calculate the axial pretravel of gauge head;
Demarcate completely, take off demarcation apparatus, the axial pretravel of gauge head of calculating gained is filled in to on-machine measurement data processing software compensation meter.

Claims (2)

1. the scaling method of the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe, it is characterized in that, adopt standard ball as demarcating apparatus, in standard ball, cut on circle and touch and survey several points that distribute along even circumferential, and by least square method, each measuring point coordinate figure is justified to matching computing, obtain tested section of radius of a circle and central coordinate of circle; Then measure the distance between tested section of circle and ball top; Finally, combined standard ball nominal radius and probe are surveyed the radius of a ball, calculate the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe.
2. the scaling method of the axial pretravel of touch trigger probe as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step: standard ball is adsorbed on numerically controlled machine, guarantees the tactile survey standard ball that touch trigger probe can be accurate, safe in its travel range;
Second step: regulate touch trigger probe in the position of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction, by touch trigger probe probe positioning at standard ball circumference place and try to touch and survey, Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 1;
The 3rd step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, touch and survey equally distributed several points on to be measured section of circle of standard ball, record the position coordinates (X of each measuring point i, Y i);
The 4th step: adopt least square method, a series of coordinate figures that the 3rd step is obtained carry out the Fitting Calculation, obtain tested section of radius of a circle r of standard ball and central coordinate of circle (X 0, Y 0);
The 5th step: touch trigger probe is moved up along Z axis, make touch trigger probe probe higher than standard ball;
The 6th step: under the drive of Digit Control Machine Tool, by X-axis, Y-axis moving interpolation, the tested section of round circle centre position (X by touch trigger probe probe positioning in standard ball 0, Y 0);
The 7th step: touch trigger probe is moved downward to touch along Z axis and survey standard ball summit, Z axis coordinate Z when record triggers 2;
The 8th step: the Z axis coordinate Z obtaining according to second step 1, the Z axis coordinate Z that obtains of the radius r that obtains of the 4th step and the 7th step 2, obtain the axial pretravel τ of touch trigger probe,
τ = ( R + b ) - ( R + b ) 2 - r 2 - ( Z 2 - Z 1 )
In formula, R is standard ball nominal radius; B is that probe is surveyed the radius of a ball.
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CN107900781A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-04-13 河北工业大学 Caliberating device and scaling method for the contact on-line detecting system of lathe
CN108253915A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-06 北方民族大学 A kind of six ball models and scaling method
CN110926396A (en) * 2019-12-11 2020-03-27 中国计量科学研究院 Calibration method and calibration device for machine tool measuring head or coordinate machine measuring head
CN111397555A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-10 中国计量科学研究院 Parameter error measuring method and system of trigger type measuring head
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CN107414602B (en) * 2017-02-09 2023-05-26 河北工业大学 Calibration device and calibration method for trigger type measurement system of vertical machining center
CN107414602A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-12-01 河北工业大学 Caliberating device and scaling method for vertical machining centre trigger-type measuring system
CN107900781A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-04-13 河北工业大学 Caliberating device and scaling method for the contact on-line detecting system of lathe
CN107900781B (en) * 2017-12-25 2023-09-22 河北工业大学 Calibration device and calibration method for contact type online detection system of lathe
CN108253915A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-06 北方民族大学 A kind of six ball models and scaling method
CN108253915B (en) * 2018-01-18 2023-11-07 北方民族大学 Calibration method
CN110926396A (en) * 2019-12-11 2020-03-27 中国计量科学研究院 Calibration method and calibration device for machine tool measuring head or coordinate machine measuring head
CN111397555A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-10 中国计量科学研究院 Parameter error measuring method and system of trigger type measuring head
CN112504209B (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-10-08 大连理工大学 High-precision cutter wear 2D online detection method
CN112504209A (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-03-16 大连理工大学 High-precision cutter wear 2D online detection method
CN112846936A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 广州铁路职业技术学院（广州铁路机械学校） Method for calibrating accuracy of trigger type measuring head in on-machine detection
CN114877840A (en) * 2022-06-06 2022-08-09 武汉理工大学 Electrical triggering type soft measuring head calibration device and calibration method
CN114877840B (en) * 2022-06-06 2023-07-14 武汉理工大学 Electric triggering type soft measuring head calibration device and calibration method

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