CN103747731A - pH值或电解质的长期监测 - Google Patents

pH值或电解质的长期监测 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103747731A
CN103747731A CN201280020938.9A CN201280020938A CN103747731A CN 103747731 A CN103747731 A CN 103747731A CN 201280020938 A CN201280020938 A CN 201280020938A CN 103747731 A CN103747731 A CN 103747731A
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blood
electrolyte
alveolar fluid
fluid clearance
value
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CN103747731B (zh
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马丁·T·格伯
S·吕
布莱恩特·J·普迪尔
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Medtronic Inc
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Medtronic Inc
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Abstract

使用包括监测血液pH值或电解质水平以及设定初始液体参数,例如,根据监测到的数据的用于一血液液体清除阶段的透析液参数或置换液参数。血液液体清除系统可以采用监测血液pH值或电解质水平的传感器装置以调节在一血液液体清除阶段中的液体参数。

Description

pH值或电解质的长期监测
相关申请
本申请要求申请日为2012年3月20日,申请号为13/424,525的美国专利申请的优先权,该美国专利申请要求临时申请号为61/480,539,61/480,544,61/480,541,61/480,535,61/480,532,61/480,530,以及申请号为61/480,528的美国临时申请的优先权,所述各优先权临时申请案的申请日均为2011年4月29日。所述各临时申请与本申请公开的内容不相矛盾的部分在此全部引用纳入本申请。
技术领域
本说明书大致涉及用于监测病人的电解质或pH值的装置、系统和使用,电解质或pH值表明了这些病人需要血液净化或液体清除,例如正在经受肾脏疾病或心脏衰竭的病人。
背景技术
接受血液透析或从血液中清除溶质和液体的其它治疗的病人经常会死于心脏并发症。很多因素可能导致这种死亡,包括由于这些病人体内血液液体量增加而在心脏上施加压力。在一些情况下,液体浓度增加以及无法将废物从血液中清除也会导致电解质和pH值的失衡,这将影响心脏的收缩力和效率。进一步地,在血液透析或其它液体清除治疗期间,血液的液体量或pH值或电解质浓度的快速变化可能在心脏上施加额外的压力,并可能导致接受血液液体清除治疗病人的高发病率。
当病人到达一个需要进行常规血液液体清除治疗的数值时,病人接受定期检查,以使医疗服务提供者可以设定血液液体清除治疗的各种参数,比如,液体清除的分布图、所采用的透析液或置换液的成分等等。根据现行的医疗标准,这些检查通常每月进行一次。
血液透析或类似的治疗可以每周进行3至4次。这样,在改变处方或参数前,病人可能接受10至15次或更多次血液液体清除阶段(session)。也有可能,例如,在设定处方后的几天或几周后,关于透析液电解质和pH缓冲液成分的处方将不适合病人。因此,可能希望更频繁地确定用于各血液液体清除阶段的液体的电解质浓度或pH值是否合适。另外,可能希望在一个血液液体清除阶段中以可以改善病人健康并减少发病率的方式来调节液体浓度或成分。
发明内容
本说明书还描述了用于监测病人体内pH值或电解质的装置、系统和使用,pH值或电解质表明了病人需要进行血液液体清除阶段。监测可以发生在一个血液液体清除阶段之前,监测得到的数据可以用来协助确定一用于清除阶段的合适的缓冲液(pH值)初始浓度和成分。可选择地,或另外地,该监测可以发生在一个血液液体清除阶段,且缓冲液或电解质的浓度或成分可以根据在血液液体清除治疗阶段所获得的监测数据进行调节。通过监测pH值或电解质,可以用一个更合适的初始透析液或置换液,或可以在一个阶段中调节液体,以提高病人的安全。
在此描述的各个实施例中,一种使用包括:识别一个具有血液液体清除阶段指征的病人,以及监测病人的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标。所述使用可以进一步包括:确定监测到的指标是否超出了预定的阈值,以及如果该指标超出了阈值,向病人或医疗服务提供者发出警报,或自动安排一个血液液体清除阶段。在各实施例中,所述使用包括根据监测到的指标,为一液体确定一个合适的电解质浓度或缓冲液浓度,该液体用于一个血液液体清除阶段。
在一些实施例中,一种使用,包括:为一需要血液液体清除治疗的病人启动一血液液体清除治疗。该治疗包括使用一选自一透析液或置换液的液体。该液体具有一初始的pH缓冲液成分或电解质成分。该使用还包括通过一可植入或可穿戴的传感器装置监测一指标,该指标是关于病人在血液液体清除阶段的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的,以及根据被监测指标的数值调节液体的pH值缓冲液成分或液体的电解质成分。
在实施例中,一系统,包括一血液液体清除装置,其具有(i)一进口,用于接收来自病人的血液,(ii)一出口,用于返回来自病人的血液,(iii)一中间装置(medium),用于清除血液中的液体和污物,该中间装置设在所述进口和所述第一出口之间的位置,以及(iv)一液体源,用于运输(carrying)一液体,该液体选自透析液和置换液。如果该液体是透析液,所述液体源运输该液体至所述中间装置。如果该液体是置换液,在血液流过中间装置后,所述液体源运输该液体至血液。所述系统还包括:(i)一浓缩液源,用于容纳一包含浓缩的电解质或pH缓冲液的浓缩溶液;(ii)一浓缩液流量控制元件,用于控制浓缩溶液进入液体源的速度;(iii)一可植入的传感器装置,用于监测一血液pH值或血液电解质浓度的一指标;以及(iv)电子控制装置,可操作地与所述传感器装置和所述浓缩液流量控制元件(通信)连接。该电子控制装置设置为通过所述浓缩液流量控制元件根据从所述传感器装置获得的数据来调节浓缩溶液进入液体源的速度。
在此所描述的所述系统、装置和使用的一个或多个实施例较之用于病人的血液液体清除的系统、装置和使用具有一个或多个优势。通过阅读下面的详细描述,这些优势对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
附图说明
这些附图构成了本说明书的一部分,与说明书一起示出了本发明的几种实施方式,用来解释本发明的原理。附图只用于举例说明本发明的实施例,并不构成对本发明的限制。
图1至图3是示意性框图,其示出了血液液体清除装置与一病人的交互,示出了血液流动(虚线箭头)和液体流动(实线箭头),血液液体清除装置在此所描述的各种实施方式中均可能用到。
图4是一示意性框图,其示出了一植入病人体内的传感器装置的一实施例。
图5是一示意性框图,其示出了一传感器装置的一实施例所选定的一些元件。
图6是一示意性框图,其示出了一植入传感器装置的一实施例,该传感器装置设置为与一外部装置通信连接,该外部装置设置为与一遥控装置通信连接。
图7-图8是示意性框图,其示出了流动路径和一些控制机构(闭环:图7;开环:图8),该控制机构用于根据监测到的pH值或电解质控制浓缩液进入液体的流量,该液体在一血液液体清除治疗中使用。
图9-图13是流程图,其根据这里所描述的实施例示出了一般使用的概要。
这里所呈现的示意图不是必须按比例的。图中使用相同的数字指代相似的元件、步骤等等。然而,可以理解的是,在一个图中使用一个数字来指代一个元件,并非旨在限制该元件在另一图中也使用相同的数字标号。此外,使用不同的数字来指代元件,并非旨在表示不同标号的元件不能是相同或类似的。
具体实施方式
以下的详细描述,引用了附图,附图构成实施方式的一部分,在附图中以示例的方式示出了装置、系统和使用的几种实施方式。可以了解的是,在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,其它实施方式也是可以想到并做出的。因此,下面的详细描述不构成对本发明的限制。
这里所用的所有科技术语除非有特别的说明,都具有本领域的常用含义。此处的定义是为了便于理解这里经常用到的某些术语,并非意在限制本发明的范围。
如在本说明书和后附的权利要求中所用到的,单数以“一”、“一种”、“一个”表示,“该”、“所述”包括具有多个所指物的实施例,除非内容清楚地表示其他含义。
如在本说明书和后附的权利要求中所用到的,用语“或”通常是指包括“和/或”的含义,除非内容清楚地表示其他含义。
如这里所用到的“有”、“具有”、“包含”、“包括”或类似的用语,是使用其开放式含义,通常是指“包括,但不限于”的意思。
如这里所用到的“表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人”是一个已经接受、正在接受或可能会接受至少一个血液液体清除治疗阶段的病人。通常,这些病人是液体负荷过多的病人,比如患有心脏衰竭的病人,慢性肾脏疾病或急性肾衰竭的病人。通常这些病人是慢性肾脏疾病第3期至第5期的病人,对利尿剂无反应或反应低等等。
如这里所用到的“血液液体清除过程”或类似语是指一个从病人的血液里将液体清除再将血液返回到病人体内的过程。在大多数情况下(若并非所有的情况),血液液体清除治疗从血液中清除废物,被净化的血液返回到病人体内。此类血液液体清除治疗的实例包括超滤、血液过滤、血液透析、血液透析滤过、腹膜透析等等。任何表明需要进行血液液体清除的病人都可以从这里所描述的装置、系统以及使用中受益。
本说明书还涉及用于监测病人体内pH值或电解质浓度的系统和使用pH值或电解质浓度表明了病人需要进行一血液液体清除过程。使用传感器装置监测病人的pH值和电解质。在实施例中,传感器装置监测病人血液中的pH值或电解质或它们的指标。在实施例中,传感器装置监测病人组织中或液体中,而非血液中的pH值或电解质或它们的指标。其它组织或液体趋向于与血液平衡。相应地,组织中或液体中而非血液中的pH值或电解质水平的变化可能表明了血液中的pH值或电解质的变化。当然,在组织中或液体中的pH值或电解质水平变化相对于血液中的pH值或电解质水平的变化存在时间上的延迟,这些延迟可以考虑在内。除了监测到的指标的绝对值,显示组织中或液体中而非血液中的pH值或电解质向下或向上变化的趋势也可能与血液pH值或血液电解质相关。在实施例中,设置传感器装置用于检测,例如病人的腹膜腔或脑脊髓液室中的pH值或电解质。
在一些实施例中,可以根据从传感器装置获得的数据选定用于血液液体清除治疗的一液体的一初始缓冲液浓度或成分或电解质浓度或成分。任何适于将液体,或液体和污物,从血液中清除的装置或系统都可以根据这里所记载的教导来使用。这些装置或装置的部件可以是传统的大型顾问式,可穿戴的或可植入的。
图1-图3示出了一些示例装置和系统的方框图。如图1所示,血液可以从病人10抽出,液体经过一血液液体清除装置100被清除,并流返回到病人10。被清除的液体可以被转移。在一些实施例中,血液液体清除装置100或系统或其部件被植入,被清除的液体可以被转移到病人的膀胱。血液液体清除装置100实例是超滤和血液过滤装置,该装置可以如图1所示来运行。根据这里记载的教导可以采用此类装置及其部件的实例在本领域是公知的。在其中一些装置中,如果用装置100从血液中以相当大的速度或数量的液体清除,可以将置换液导入到病人血液中。置换液可以在液体清除前加入原始的血液中或者在初始液体清除后且在返回病人的心血管系统前加入到血液中。优选地,置换液在初始液体清除后被加入。置换液的pH值和电解质的浓度可以设定或调节,例如,如下面更详细的描述,根据病人pH值和电解质的监测来(设定或调节)。
如图2所示的实施例,血液液体清除装置100可以采用透析液来协助病人血液中污物的清除,并且维持合适的pH值和电解质的平衡。透析液的pH值或电解质浓度可以设定或调节,例如,如下面更详细的描述,根据pH值或电解质的监测(来设定或调节)。使用过的透析液和从血液中被清除的液体可以被转移。在一些实施例中,尤其是血液液体清除装置100或系统或其部件是可穿戴的或可植入的,使用过的透析液和被清除的液体或它们的一部分可以再生生成(虚线所示的再生系统150)新的透析液用于血液液体清除治疗的再利用。一透析液再生系统是REDY系统,比如在Roberts,M,“再生透析(REDY)吸附剂系统”(the regenerative dialysis(REDY)sorbent system),《肾脏病学》(Nephrology)4:275-278,1998中所描述的,该系统可以用在这里所描述的实施例中,或简单修改后用在这里所描述的实施例中。如图2所示,可以向再生透析液中加入一浓缩液,以把再生透析液的pH值和电解质调节到一个如新的透析液一样适合再使用的量。
不管透析液是否再生,以图2的实施例所示的方式运行的系统和装置包括血液透析和血液透析滤过系统。根据这里记载的教导可以采用这些装置和其部件的实例在本领域是公知的。可以理解的是,也可以采用透析液导入到腹膜腔内的腹膜透析。
如图3所示,当图2的血液液体清除装置100以过高的速度从血液中清除液体时,在液体清除的上游或下游,可以将置换液引入病人的血液中,例如,如以上与图1相关的描述。
不管采用的装置或血液液体清除治疗如何,重要的是,要保证血液pH值和电解质浓度在合适的范围内。如果血液电解质浓度不在合适的范围内,心脏并发症、效率以及类似的问题可能会发生。如果pH值不在一个合适的范围内,可能导致酸中毒,这会导致细胞膜的破坏和蛋白质的变性。不管发生什么情况,如果血液的电解质和pH值范围控制不恰当,病人的健康可能处于危险中。例如,猝死和心脏死亡(包括充血性心力衰竭,心肌梗死以及猝死)在血液透析病人中是常见的。参见Bleyer等人,“血液透析病人猝死和心脏死亡的比例”(Sudden and cardiac death rated in hemodialysis patients),《国际肾脏期刊》(Kidney International),(1999),55:1552-1559。
因此,血液透析、超滤等等的一个目的是为了保证病人的血液pH值和电解质浓度在可接受的范围内。在一个血液液体清除阶段中的pH值和血液电解质浓度的通常的期望范围值在下面的表1中列出,。如表1所示,各种酸或碱(或它们的盐或水合物)的浓度在决定血液的pH值时通常是很重要的。因此,这些酸、碱的常用目标浓度列在表1中。
表1:pH值和电解质的常用目标范围(参见《医学外科护理》MedicalSurgical Nursing,2007年第7版)
目标范围
pH 7.35-7.45
磷酸盐 2.8-4.5mg/dL
碳酸氢盐 22-26mEq/L
Cl- 96-106mEq/L
Mg2+ 1.5-2.5mEq/L
Na+ 135-145mEq/L
K+ 3.5-5.0mEq/L
Ca2+ 4.5-5.5mEq/L
然而,可以理解的是,某一病人的目标值可能与表1中所列的一个或多个电解质或pH值的数值不同。也可以理解的是,缓冲液通常用于维持适当的血液pH值。
一些可以用于诸如置换液或透析液的液体中的合适的缓冲液,包括碳酸氢盐,醋酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乳酸盐,氨基酸和蛋白质缓冲液。缓冲液的浓度和组成及其组分可以根据监测到的病人的血液的pH值调节。相同地,在置换液或透析液中的电解质的浓度,例如钠、钾、钙及氯化物,可以根据监测到的电解质的水平设定或修改。
在一些实施例中,这里所述的使用、系统和装置可以用来根据血液液体清除阶段开始之前的监测,设定初始的电解质浓度和pH值(缓冲液成分和浓度)。在某些实施例中,该监测是长期的;比如在几天、几周、几个月或几年的过程中间歇地、周期地或持续地进行监测。为了试图减小对病人生活的影响,监测系统或其元件可以是可植入的或可穿戴的。
例如参照图4至图6,示出了监测装置或系统的实施例,其具有可植入或可穿戴的元件。在图4所示的实施例中,传感器装置200是完全可植入病人10体内,能够与病人体外的装置或其它植入的装置通过遥测技术或其它合适的通信方式(通信)连接。传感器装置200包括一装置本体201,其包括置于一密封壳体内的电子元件。一传感器(transducer)205与装置本体201的电子元件通过一导线207可操作地耦合。以这种方式,该装置本体201可以在远离传感器装置和传感器205的一位置被植入。在一些实施例中,传感器装置200是无线的,且传感器被容纳至装置本体201内或其一个部件内,比如壳体的一部分。
所述传感器205,不管在一无线的或有线的装置200内,可以置于一血管内,从而确定血液pH值或血液电解质浓度的测量。该传感器205,或装置本体201(如果是无线的),可以置于任意适合的血管内,以监测pH值或电解质或它们的指标。在一些实施例中,传感器205或装置本体201(如果是无线的),置于一股动脉或一肺动脉中。一种置于血管内的无线可植入监测器的实例是美敦力公司(Medtronic,Inc.)的活性无线压力传感器装置(activeleadless pressure sensor,简称ALPS),其通常以一支架的形式将所述装置固定在血管内。可以理解的是,该ALPS传感器装置可以改为用于监测pH值或电解质浓度。该ALPS可以通过以传感器替换压力传感器来测量pH值或电解质浓度。
在实施例中,传感器是置于病人的组织或液体中而非血液中。离子浓度的测量可以与血液电解质浓度或血液pH值相关联。
可以采用任何合适的传感器205来检测pH值或电解质,不管该传感器放置在何处。在实施例中,传感器205是一离子选择性电极,其配置为用于检测H+离子,K+离子,Na+离子,Ca2+离子,Cl-离子,磷酸盐离子,镁离子,醋酸盐离子,氨基酸离子等等。这种电极以及采用这种电极的传感器装置组件在本领域是公知的,可以用于或改变后用于这里所描述的监测。一种pH值传感器装置的实例是美敦力公司(Medtronic,Inc.)
Figure BDA0000403831990000081
的pH值传感器装置。一种钾离子选择性电极的实例是赛默飞科技公司(Thermo Scientific)Potassium
Figure BDA0000403831990000082
的离子选择性电极,其它实例包括在诺华生物制药公司(Nova Biomedical)所生产的CCX Stat中。
在一些实施例中,采用一个或多个传感器装置来检测一个或多个离子以测量血液中的pH值或电解质。在一些实施例中,一个传感器装置可能有多个传感器,即使是无线的,其可以监测不止一种离子。通过测量不止一种离子,可能对各种电极的等极或血液成分有更详细的了解。例如,某些病人在某种情况下,一个电极可能处于升高的水平,而另一个可能处于下降的水平。在一些实施例中,采用多个传感器装置测量同一种离子,是为了确认和重复测量结果,这能够提高稳定性和精确度。在一些实施例中,用于同一种离子的传感器装置可以构造为准确地测量离子浓度的不同范围值。在一些实施例中,在一个单元中不止存在一个传感器。这样方便了数据收集和电路设计,因为可以在一个地方同时收集所有的数据。进一步地,多个传感器(transducer)可以共用同一液体收集机构(例如,在植入病例中的一微量透析仪),并且如果有需要或想要的话,可以共用同一数据处理和存储元件。
可植入的传感器装置或传感装置其中的传感器长期嵌入病人的一组织或血液中,在植入前可以通过将传感器放入一已知pH值或电解质浓度的血液中(或其它模拟植入环境的条件中)进行校准。传感器装置200可以在植入病人体内时再次校准。例如,血液pH值和电解质浓度可以在病人的体外测量,比如通过抽血,外部监测的结果可以通过接收,例如来自医疗服务提供者的输入值传送给植入的传感器装置200。这样,传感器装置200,如果传感器装置具有必要的电子装置(例如,如下更详细的讨论),能够根据外部测量的输入值再次校准。可选地,或另外地,所述传感器装置可以具有一嵌入的内部参照值,诸如美敦力公司(Medtronic,Inc.)
Figure BDA0000403831990000091
pH值传感器装置。可选地,如果传感器装置输出原始数据给一外部装置,可以校准该外部装置以对照关于外部测量的输入值解释来自传感器装置的原始数据。
为了示意的目的,图5中示出了一个一般的可植入的传感器装置200(例如,如图4所示)的方框图。所示的传感器装置是可植入的,且具有一密封壳体299,用于用来容纳各种电子部件296,297,289,295。感测电路296,比如模数转换器、带通过滤器等等,可操作地与电源297和电子控制装置295耦合,电子控制装置295包括一处理器294和一用于存储感测到的数据和处理器的指令的存储器293。感测电路296也通过一导线207与传感器205耦合,比如传感器是一离子选择性电极,通过导线207。通过一密封的引线(未示出)进入壳体299。电子控制装置295也与电源297以及遥测电路289可操作地耦合,电源可以是一电池或类似物,遥测电路用于与一外置于病人体外的装置或其它植入病人体内的装置进行无线(通信)连接。在一些实施例中,遥测电路289允许传感器装置200将监测到的一pH值和电解质浓度直接传送给一血液液体清除装置或系统,该系统或装置安装有一合适的遥测电路。
现在参见图6,一传感器系统250的一实施例,其中植入的传感器装置200(示出的是无导线的,但可以包括如图4所示的导线),与一外部装置210(通信)连接。为了尺寸、计算效率、升级功能等等,该外部装置210可以穿戴并且可以进行一些由传感器装置获取的数据的处理,来降低植入传感器装置200的电源消耗。可以采用任何合适的外部装置210,比如一电脑,个人数字助理,智能手机,病人编程器装置等等。在实施例中,该外部装置210与遥控装置300(通信)连接。当然,在一些实施例中,植入传感器装置200可以直接与遥控装置300(通信)连接。
遥控装置300可以是与血液液体清除装置相连接的设备,由外部装置210传递的数据可以用于在一血液液体清除阶段之前或进行中设定或调节液体的pH值和电解质浓度。遥控装置300可以是连接到互联网或一电话网络的一电脑,个人数字助理等等,允许感测到的数据或关于传递到一医疗服务提供者的感测到的数据的其它信息。例如,感测到的数据或关于感测到的数据的信息可以用于准备一合适的初始液体(例如,透析液或置换液),用于病人下一血液液体清除阶段。如果监测到的pH值或电解质超出了预定的范围,可以自动进行一个预约,该预约是会见一医疗服务提供者或自动安排一个可以执行的血液液体清除阶段。在一些实施例中,遥控装置300是一医师编程器装置。当然,遥控装置300可以是任何其它合适的装置。
在各实施例中,当安装血液液体置换装置或系统用于调节这些成分的浓度时,从血液的pH值或电解质传感器装置获得的数据可以用于在一个血液液体清除阶段中调节液体的pH值或电解质(如透析液或置换液,见例如图1-图3)。这些装置可以在这里使用或经修改后使用的一些实例在美国临时专利申请号为61/480,532,申请日为2011年4月29日,名称为“液体清除过程中的电解质和pH值监测”中已经描述,代理人案号为P0041418.00,该申请与本申请不相矛盾的部分已经全部纳入本申请中。根据被纳入的临时申请,这里所描述的可植入的或可穿戴的传感器装置,例如关于图4-图6,可以用作传感器装置,在血液进入一血液液体清除装置或中间装置之前监测血液pH值或血液电解质浓度的一指标。
pH值或电解质传感器装置的选用,例如如下所述的,用以理解如何更恰当地调节pH值或电解质水平。从传感器装置获得的数据可以传递给血液液体清除装置或与血液液体清除装置(通信)连接的装置(例如如图1-图3中示出以及上面所描述的装置),用来调节透析液或置换液中pH缓冲液或电解质的浓度。液体的pH值或电解质浓度(透析液或置换液)可以以任何适合的方式进行调节。
举例并参照图7-8,其示出了一个闭环系统(图7)以及一个开环系统(图8)的实施例的一些代表性的部件。参见图7,来自传感器装置200的数据(例如,如上关于图4-图6所述)显示在电子控制装置495上,电子控制装置设置为控制流量控制元件415,425,435,例如阀。电子控制的流量控制元件415,425,435在液体中与浓缩的电解质或缓冲液溶剂410,420,430的供给,以及液体管道440相(通信)连接,该管道可以是一用于运输新的透析液的导管或一用于运输置换液的导管。电子控制的流量控制元件415,425,435通过电子控制装置495控制浓缩液410,420,430流进液体管道440的速度。浓缩液410,420,430加入到体相流体(bulk fluid)400中,以调节体相流体(以及血液)中电解质的浓度或pH值。
现参见图8,来自传感器装置200的数据被处理,适当的信息显示在一显示器600上,该显示器可以是血液液体清除装置的一部分,或一个独立的电脑等等。医疗服务提供者可以使用显示器上显示的信息来调节电解质的浓度或pH值。这可以,例如通过一输入装置500向电子控制装置传递一合适的指令来实现。任何合适的输入装置500都可以采用。例如,输入装置500可以是一键盘,一电脑,一平板电脑,一个人数字助理,一医师编程器等等。在某些实施例中,该输入装置500是一显示器600,例如,如果显示器600是一触屏装置。不管指令如何输入,电子控制装置495都能够控制流量控制单元415,425,435,从而控制浓缩液410,420,430流入体相流体400的量,体相流体可以是透析液或置换液。
可以使用任何数量的合适的浓缩液。例如,一种浓缩物可能是足够的,当确定病人血液内的电解质低时,加入大量充足的浓缩液,当确定病人血液内的电解质高时,加入少量的浓缩液。。例如,当希望独立地控制pH值和电解质浓度或独立地控制不同电解质的浓度时,可以采用一种以上的浓缩物。在实施例中,浓缩物的数量与被监测离子种类(pH值和电解质)的数量是相同的。
如图7-8所示且所述,控制元件415,425,435可以是任何适合的控制元件,诸如电子控制的阀,电子控制的泵装置等等。
如图7-8所示且所述,电子控制装置495可以包括,例如一处理器和存储器。该存储器可以是RAM,ROM等等,可以存储指令,并且处理器可以执行指令。
任何合适的系统可以被设置为如图7和图8所示,用于根据从一个或多个传感器装置获得的数据对pH值或电解质的调节提供控制。这些系统可以在这里使用或经修改后使用的一些实例在美国临时专利申请号为61/480,532,申请日为2011年4月29日,名称为“液体清除过程中的电解质和pH值监测”中已经描述,代理人案号为P0041418.00。
图7-8示出了能够调节血液电解质或pH值的装置,其通过调节置换液或透析液的pH值或电解质浓度,可以理解的是,pH值和电解质浓度也能够通过例如调节透析液或血液流经一透析膜的速度来调节。在血液和电解质透析液等等之间的穿过所述膜的转移速度将依赖于血液和透析液的流速。相应地,如果系统内的透析液电解质浓度或pH值不能很快地调节,可以改变血液或透析液流动速度以达到调节透析液中电解质的浓度相类似的效果。
可以理解的是,这里所述的血液液体清除装置和系统及其部件呈现的目的在于解释说明,并非限制。可以采用不同于这里所描述的部件、装置和系统,或者这里所述部件、装置和系统的变化形式。进一步地,可以理解的是,在各个附图中,例如图1至图3中,所示的多种血液液体清除装置显示为在病人体外,如果这些装置或其部件是植入病人体内的,这里所记载的教导也是适用的。
以上所述的和系统或其部件,可以用来实现如图9至图13所示及如下所述的使用或部分使用。当然,任何适合的装置或系统都可以用来实现如下所述的使用或部分使用。可以理解的是,关于以下图9至图13中任意一个所呈现的使用中的各个步骤是可以交换顺序的,可以被替代或可以被加入到关于图9至图13中任意一个所呈现的步骤中去。
图9-11示出的实施例是在一给定的血液液体清除阶段前进行监测,且图12-13示出的实施例是在一血液液体清除阶段中进行监测。然而,图9-11的使用情况可以纳入图12-13的使用中。
现参见图9,示出的使用包括:识别、选择或诊断一表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人800,以及监测病人血液的pH值或电解质水平810。监测810可以是长期的,并且可以采用一个或多个可植入的传感器装置。根据监测到的pH值或电解质浓度、液体(例如,透析液或置换液)成分(例如,电解质浓度、缓冲液成分和浓度)可以用于设定一血液液体清除阶段的初始应用820。如上所述,长期监测病人血液的pH值或电解质浓度的能力为在各血液液体清除阶段之前定制液体成分提供了可能性,其与现行的操作准则相反,现行的操作准则是液体成分每个月调节一次(或大概每个月)。在一个月内可能发生多次血液液体清除阶段(例如,每周2至3次),每个月设定液体成分可能导致病人以一液体成分接受几个血液液体清除阶段,而该液体成分可能不再能够很好地适合该病人。
现参见图10,使用包括:识别、选择或诊断一具有表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人800,以及监测病人血液的pH值或电解质水平810。如图9中的使用,监测810可以是长期的,并且可以采用一个或多个可植入的传感器装置。如图10所示的使用包括:根据在监测期间810所获得的数据确定pH值或电解质浓度是否超出范围830。例如,作出pH值或电解质水平是否超出一阈值(例如,一最高值或一最低值)的确定830。合适的阈值或范围可以存入,例如一传感器装置的存储器的一查找表中,一血液液体清除装置或其它适合的装置中,其目的是根据监测期间获得的数据确定pH值或电解质浓度是否超出范围830。如果确定pH值或电解质在范围内,监测810可以继续。如果确认pH值或电解质在范围外(例如,超出了一阈值),可以发出一报警840,或可以安排一血液液体清除阶段850。
安排的血液液体清除阶段可以把监测到的pH值或电解质考虑在内,例如,关于图9所述的。可以自动安排,例如传感器装置或一与传感器装置(通信)连接的设备可以通过互联网、电话或其它合适的网络传递数据并安排清除阶段。
可以发出任何适当的报警840。该警报可以是一触觉提示,例如振动或声音报警,由一传感器装置或与传感器装置(通信)连接的一设备发出。该报警可以向病人发出通知,即应当寻求医疗关注。该报警还向医疗服务提供者提供信息,即关于健康问题的性质(例如,超出范围的pH值或电解质)和治疗(例如,血液液体清除阶段),为此发出报警840。传感器装置或与传感器装置相(通信)连接的一设备可以通过向与医疗服务提供者相连接的一设备传递该报警或相关信息来提醒医疗服务提供者,该报警或相关信息通过网络,一电话网络或其他合适的网络传递。
现参见图11,示出的使用包括:识别、选择或诊断一表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人800,以及监测病人血液的pH值或电解质水平810。监测810可以是长期的,并且可以采用一个或多个可植入的传感器装置。根据监测到的pH值或电解质浓度,部分基于透析液的电解质浓度和pH值成分,设定透析液或血液的流速901。如上所述,透析液或血液的流速影响电解质等穿过透析膜的转移速度。相应地,依赖于所使用的透析液的成分,可以调整或设定透析液或血液的流速,从而在治疗阶段的过程中获得期望的血液pH值和电解质水平。
现参见图12,所述使用包括开始一血液液体清除阶段801,以及监测血液的pH值或电解质浓度810。如上面所讨论,监测可以通过一个或多个植入传感器装置进行。根据监测到的pH值或电解质,可以调节在血液液体清除阶段所使用液体的(例如,透析液或置换液)电解质成分或浓度860。例如,根据监测到的一离子种类的一个或多个的当前数值或监测到的离子种类的变化速度,可以调节液体成分,例如如上所述。
现参见图13,所示使用示出了通过改变透析液或血液的流速来调节血液电解质浓度或pH值的一使用。该使用包括开始一血液液体清除阶段801,比如一血液透析阶段,并监测pH值或电解质的一指标810,其可以是在病人体内,装置的上游,装置的下游,在装置内等等。根据监测到的数据810,对透析液或血液的流速进行调节900,以调节返回到病人体内的血液中的电解质浓度或pH值。
这里所述的使用,包括图9至图13所示的使用,可以由传感器装置、血液液体清除装置或其他与传感器装置或血液液体清除装置相(通信)连接的设备完成。这些使用可以是编入这些装置的存储器内的逻辑运算或指令,由处理器或这些装置的其它电子控制装置来完成。优选地,该处理器与装置中合适的控制元件(通信)连接,并且设置为以用于通过合适的装置执行程序指令的方式来控制这些元件。可以理解的是,设置一以指令编程的电脑可读介质,该指令使得一传感器装置、血液液体清除装置或其它适合的装置来执行一使用或部分使用,如这里所述预期的。电脑可读介质可以是非瞬间的(non-transitory),即持续长于一瞬间或几秒钟。该介质可以是存储器,比如RAM或ROM,一CD或DVD,闪存等等。
这里描述了使用、系统、装置、电脑可读介质等等的各种情况。对各种情况的某些方面概述如下。
第一种情况,一使用包括:(i)识别一表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人;以及(ii)通过一可植入的传感器装置长期监测病人的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标。
第二情况是第一种情况的一使用,还包括:(i)确定监测到的指标是否超出了一预定的阈值;以及(ii)如果确定该指标超出了所述阈值,向病人报警。
第三种情况是第二种情况的一使用,还包括如果确定该指标超出了所述阈值,向一医疗服务提供者报警。
第四种情况是第一种情况的一使用,还包括根据监测到的指标为用于一血液液体清除阶段的一液体确定一合适的电解质浓度或缓冲液浓度。
第五种情况是第四种情况的一使用,其中所述用于血液液体清除阶段的液体包括透析液。
第六种情况是第五种情况的一使用,其中所述用于血液液体清除阶段的液体包括置换液。
第七种情况是第一至六种情况任意一种的一使用,还包括传送关于监测到的指标的数据给一血液液体清除装置或电子控制装置,该电子控制装置构造为控制一血液液体清除装置,其中所述血液液体清除装置或电子控制装置确定合适的电解质浓度或缓冲液浓度。
第八种情况是第一至七种情况任意一种的一使用,其中所述监控包括通过一可植入的传感器装置监测所述指标。
第九种情况是第八种情况的一使用,还包括通过一外部传感器装置监测所述指标,以及根据从所述外部传感器装置获得的数据校准所述可植入的传感器装置。
第十种情况是第九种情况的一使用,其中通过所述外部传感器装置的监测发生在一血液液体清除阶段期间,以及其中所述校准发生在一血液液体清除阶段期间。
第十一种情况是一使用,其包括:(i)通过一可植入的传感器装置,长期监测病人在血液液体清除阶段的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标,以及(ii)为一需要的病人开始血液液体清除治疗,其中所述治疗包括一透析液和一透析膜的使用,电解质穿过至少一血液液体清除中间装置的一部分,电解质可以在血液和透析液之间交换,其中所述透析液的电解质浓度是基于监测到的指标的一数值。
第十二种情况是一使用,其包括:(i)通过一可植入的传感器装置,长期监测病人在血液液体清除阶段的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标,以及(ii)为一需要的病人开始血液液体清除治疗,其中所述治疗包括一透析液和一透析膜的使用,电解质穿过至少一血液液体清除中间装置的一部分,电解质可以在血液和透析液之间交换,其中所述透析液或血液的流速是基于监测到的指标的一数值。
以下预示的实例是为如何获取和解读来自一可植入的传感器装置的数据提供指导,该传感器装置设置为用于监测一病人血液的pH值或电解质,用于以上具体实施方式中所描述的使用或装置中。可以理解的是,这里所提供的预示实例仅以一种合适的方式来监测数据,该数据是根据这里所公开的一般原则来获取和解读的。
为了预示的实例,一传感器装置中的一可植入的传感器设置为用于检测一特定离子种类的存在(例如:K+,Na+或H+),该传感器通过置于已知离子种类浓度的血液中来校准。然后记录离子种类各种浓度的传感器装置响应分布图并存入存储器,该存储器可以是传感器装置或与传感器装置(通信)连接的一设备的存储器。一旦校准,传感器装置或传感器就可以放入病人的一血管内(例如通过一类似于支架或类似于美敦力公司ALPS的装置)用于监测病人血液中离子种类。
传感器装置可以不定期地再次校准。例如,从病人体内抽血,进行实验室检测来确定血液中离子种类的真实浓度。然后将离子浓度的真实值传给传感器装置,如果有必要,可以根据该真实值和初始校准曲线再次校准传感器装置。在一些实施例中,传感器装置可以包括一内部参考标准值,可以时常用于校准传感器装置,例如美敦力公司(Medtronic,Inc.)的
Figure BDA0000403831990000161
pH值传感器装置。
在任何情况下,一旦传感器装置被恰当校准,可以信赖其关于离子种类数量的读数。这些读数就能根据这里提供的教导可靠地使用。
这样,描述了用于pH值或电解质的长期监测的系统、装置和使用。本领域的技术人员将会认识到本文所描述的优选实施例在不背离本案的权利要求所限定的实质精神和范围的情况下,是可以变化和修改的。

Claims (12)

1.一种使用,其包括:
识别一表明需要进行一血液液体清除阶段的病人;以及
通过一可植入的传感器装置长期监测病人的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标。
2.如权利要求1所述的使用,其特征在于,还包括:(i)确定监测到的指标是否超出了一预定的阈值;以及(ii)如果确定该指标超出了所述阈值,向病人报警。
3.如权利要求2所述的使用,其特征在于,还包括如果确定该指标超出了所述阈值,向一医疗服务提供者报警。
4.如权利要求1所述的使用,其特征在于,还包括根据监测到的指标为用于一血液液体清除阶段的一液体确定一合适的电解质浓度或缓冲液浓度。
5.如权利要求4所述的使用,其特征在于,其中所述用于血液液体清除阶段的液体包括透析液。
6.如权利要求5所述的使用,其特征在于,其中所述用于血液液体清除阶段的液体包括置换液。
7.如权利要求1所述的使用,其特征在于,还包括传送关于监测到的指标的数据给一血液液体清除装置或电子控制装置,该电子控制装置构造为控制一血液液体清除装置,其中所述血液液体清除装置或电子控制装置确定合适的电解质浓度或缓冲液浓度。
8.如权利要求1所述的使用,其特征在于,其中所述监控包括通过一可植入的传感器装置监测所述指标。
9.如权利要求8所述的使用,其特征在于,还包括通过一外部传感器装置监测所述指标,以及根据从所述外部传感器装置获得的数据校准所述可植入的传感器装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的使用,其特征在于,其中通过所述外部传感器装置的监测发生在一血液液体清除阶段期间,以及其中所述校准发生在一血液液体清除阶段期间。
11.一种使用,其包括:
通过一可植入的传感器装置,长期监测病人在血液液体清除阶段的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标,以及
为一需要的病人开始血液液体清除治疗,其中所述治疗包括一透析液和一透析膜的使用,电解质穿过至少一血液液体清除中间装置的一部分,电解质可以在血液和透析液之间交换,
其中所述透析液的电解质浓度是基于监测到的指标的一数值。
12.一种使用,其包括:
通过一可植入的传感器装置,长期监测病人在血液液体清除阶段的血液电解质浓度或血液pH值的一指标,以及
为一需要的病人开始血液液体清除治疗,其中所述治疗包括一透析液和一透析膜的使用,电解质穿过至少一血液液体清除中间装置的一部分,电解质可以在血液和透析液之间交换,
其中所述透析液或血液的流速是基于监测到的指标的一数值。
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