CN103775067A - Directional sound wave logging while drilling device - Google Patents
Directional sound wave logging while drilling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103775067A CN103775067A CN201210400056.7A CN201210400056A CN103775067A CN 103775067 A CN103775067 A CN 103775067A CN 201210400056 A CN201210400056 A CN 201210400056A CN 103775067 A CN103775067 A CN 103775067A
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Abstract
A directional sound wave logging while drilling device comprises a drill collar special for the directional sound wave logging while drilling device and a directional sound wave while drilling sonic system installed on a drill collar upper centralizer and composed of a single-transmitting four-receiving probe, and adopts a groovy sound insulator on the drill collar to inhibit drill collar direct waves from a transmitting probe to a receiving probe, wherein the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are respectively powered on by a special power supply battery. A measurement and control circuit receives acquired waveform data to perform real-time calculation treatment, communication interfaces are provided for a measurement while drilling system (MWD) and a ground processing system, the power supply battery and the measurement and control circuit are arranged in a compression resistance barrel in a special drill collar mud flowing channel special for sound waves, and upper and lower flow guiding sleeves are connected with the sonic system. The stratum rock longitudinal and transverse sound velocity measured in the drilling process in real time can be used for lithological identification, porosity degree calculation, rock mechanical parameters, well opening stability prediction and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the one in well logging apparatus field with boring orientation acoustic logging device.
Background technology
In recent years, acoustic logging has been successfully applied in drilling course.Acoustic logging while drilling adopts slide wave metering system to measure in real time the variation of the vertical transverse wave velocity of formation rock, by measuring the P-wave And S velocity of wave on stratum, formation porosity not only can be provided, improve drilling safety coefficient, reduce geophysical exploration risk and improve geosteering efficiency by being combined with seismic data by real-time prediction of formation pressure, can also carry out rock mechanical properties analysis and drilling failure prediction.Acoustic logging while drilling completes acoustic logging operation in drilling well, has reduced well site rig holding time, from the drilling well-integrated service of logging well, saves cost.For high angle hole, horizontal well or special geological environment drilling well, wireline logging difficulty or have a big risk, to such an extent as to can not carry out operation, acoustic logging while drilling can replace.Therefore this technology is having particularly important meaning aspect drilling engineering and oil-gas exploration.
But because it is with boring the particularity of working environment, the realization that makes acoustic logging while drilling than wireline logging technical sophistication many.Acoustic logging while drilling will be obtained successfully, and essential four difficult problems that solve, are mainly: sonic probe and mounting process technically; Suppress transmitting probe to the drill collar direct wave between receiving transducer; Suppress interference and the down-hole waveform of drilling well noise and process in real time, after the extraction time difference, be sent to ground.
Current domestic acoustic logging while drilling technology relates generally to the content of acoustic wave transducer or drill collar acoustic isolater, and what wherein CN 102162358 A related to is a kind of acoustic logging while drilling transducer combinations, and sending and receiving transducer adopts multiple piezoelectric ceramic pieces.CN 102322258 A adopt the problem of widening the principle of intrinsic stopband of drill collar stretching ripple and method and solve drill collar direct wave, can avoid the adverse effect of cutting to drill collar intensity.But no matter being transducer or drill collar acoustic isolater, in the time realizing measurement function, can being subject to influencing each other of different condition, can not consider separately wherein in a certain respect, is incorrect otherwise measure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem existing for prior art, provide a kind of with boring orientation acoustic logging device, receive probe formation with boring sound wave sonic system by the single-shot four being arranged on drill collar, adopt directional transmissions, reception technique, carry out down-hole waveform by down-hole telemetry circuit and process in real time, after the extraction time difference, be sent to ground.Adopt in addition the acoustic isolater of cutting on drill collar to suppress transmitting probe to the drill collar direct wave between receiving transducer.The vertical transverse wave velocity of formation rock of the real-time measurement in drilling process can be used for lithology identification, porosity calculation, the calculating of rock power mechanics parameter, hole stability prediction etc.
Of the present inventionly comprise with boring orientation acoustic logging device:
Special drill collar, sonic system and telemetry circuit, wherein telemetry circuit comprises acoustic wave excitation circuit, signal reception and treatment circuit, control and data processing circuit, power circuit, it is characterized in that: special drill collar is respectively equipped with upper centralizer and lower centralizer near upper and lower end parts, between upper and lower centralizer, be provided with the acoustic isolater of leading sound track formation that cycle staggering is arranged; Sonic system adopts 1 transmitting probe, 4 receiving transducer composition receiving transducer arrays, transmitting probe is arranged in the groove of lower centralizer of drill collar, receiving transducer array 9 is arranged in by axially-aligned in the groove of upper centralizer of drill collar, and sonic system is connected with supplying cell, telemetry circuit in outside MWD and special drill collar respectively by upper and lower flow guide sleeve.
The sound track of leading that formation acoustic isolater is is made as 4; Receive and transmitting probe all adopts modularized design to make, that is: piezoelectric vibrator is fixed on a pedestal with shock-damping structure, overcoat entrant sound window, encapsulates and injects a probe of silicone oil formation; Flow guide sleeve is strictly concentric with drill collar perforate, fills in the inside and outside connection of row by high pressure sealing; Supplying cell, telemetry circuit are contained in respectively in special resistance to compression cylinder, and special resistance to compression cylinder is placed in the mud runner of special drill collar between two parties, is connected with drill collar inwall by the rubber centralizer identical with drill collar internal diameter.
Receive and the radially multi-layer piezoelectric oscillator arrangement mode of stack of transmitting probe employing, piezoelectric vibrator and pedestal adopt the gluing one that is connected into of high temperature bond, the wear-resisting entrant sound window that entrant sound window adopts fluorubber, silicon rubber or other insulation materials to make; Between pedestal 16 and drill collar, install the rubber pad of sound insulation additional.
The groove width of leading sound track is respectively: 130mm, 110mm, and 90mm, 110mm, the degree of depth is 14mm, and the interval of leading sound track is respectively: 110mm, 90mm, 110mm.
The exciting circuit of telemetry circuit produces the pumping signal of transmitting sonic system under the firing pulse effect from control and data processing circuit, operating frequency range 12～18kHz, and the width of driving pulse is adjustable; Signal receives and data acquisition circuit comprises 4 identical autonomous channels of function, to amplifying from the different channel signals that receive each probe in sonic system, filtering, collection, four-way simulation programmable amplifier bandwidth 10～20KHz, four-way 14 digit wave form data acquisitions; Control and data handling system is take DSP and CPLD chip as core, control system is received after the control command from measurement-while-drilling system MWD, produce the required all control sequential of system works, pass through internal bus, work in coherent system between each several part, and be responsible for the transfer of data between mwd system, comprise channel gain, sampling depth, acquisition rate, send transmitter trigger pulse, gather startup command, and carry out real-time computing, storage to receiving the Wave data collecting; Power circuit power supply is 24～36VDC battery, and the MPU in power circuit, according to the instruction of mwd system, controls power source circuit switch and realizes intermittent duty.
The storage of control and data handling system is stored log data with the non-volatile FLASH memory of large capacity.
Described memory adopts NAND FLASH chip to store as non-volatile data.
The invention has the advantages that: the matching problem of not only having considered transducer designs and drill collar, but also the circuit of having considered acoustic logging while drilling fundamental measurement is realized, by overall consideration, lower the influence factor of acoustic logging while drilling as far as possible, obtain the vertical transverse wave velocity of correct formation rock.By directional transmissions, reception technique, in conjunction with sentencing orientation function, realize orientation acoustic logging in addition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is with boring orientation acoustic logging device schematic diagram
In Fig. 2 a Fig. 1, A-A is to transmitting probe part enlarged diagram
Receiving transducer array enlarged diagram in Fig. 2 b Fig. 1
Acoustic isolater part enlarged diagram in Fig. 3 Fig. 1
Fig. 4 is with brill sound orientation ripple well logging apparatus telemetry circuit schematic diagram
In figure: 1 special drill collar, 2 acoustic isolaters, 3 telemetry circuits, 4 supplying cells, 5 times flow guide sleeves, flow guide sleeve on 6, centralizer on 7,8 times centralizers, 9 receiving transducer arrays, 10 transmitting probes, 11 lead sound track A, and 12 lead sound track B, 13 lead sound track C, and 14 lead sound track D, 15 piezoelectric vibrators, 16 pedestals, 17 entrant sound windows.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, comprise with boring orientation acoustic logging device: special drill collar 1, sound wave sonic system (transmitting probe 10, receiving transducer array 9), telemetry circuit 3, supplying cell 4 and upper and lower flow guide sleeve 5,6.The non magnetic drill collar that special drill collar 1 is 178mm for external diameter, special drill collar 1 center is mud runner, for sound wave sonic system is installed, add and design centralizer 7,8 man-hour at special drill collar 1, to ensure enough positions, sonic system is installed, place sonic system by centralizer sidewall fluting, sonic system is carried out with upper end measurement-while-drilling system MWD (Measurement While Drilling) that communication is connected respectively and is connected with supplying cell 4, telemetry circuit 3 by upper and lower flow guide sleeve 5,6, flow guide sleeve is strictly concentric with drill collar perforate, fills in the inside and outside connection of row by high pressure sealing.Supplying cell 4, telemetry circuit 3 are contained in respectively in special resistance to compression cylinder, and special resistance to compression cylinder is placed in the mud runner of special drill collar 1 between two parties, is connected with drill collar inwall by the rubber centralizer identical with drill collar internal diameter.Between upper centralizer 7 and lower centralizer 8, it is acoustic isolater 2.Whole measuring system is arranged in well, is full of mud in well.
Adopt single-shot four receipts patterns with the sonic system that bores orientation acoustic logging device, comprise 1 transmitting probe 10,4 receiving transducer composition receiving transducer arrays 9, transmitting probe 10 is arranged in the groove of lower centralizer 8 of drill collar, and receiving transducer array 9 is arranged in the groove of upper centralizer 6 of drill collar by axially-aligned.Sonic system is carried out with upper end MWD that communication is connected respectively and is connected with supplying cell 4, telemetry circuit 3 by upper and lower flow guide sleeve 5,6.Reception and transmitting probe all adopt modularized design to make, formed by piezoelectric vibrator 15, pedestal 16, entrant sound window 17, that is: piezoelectric vibrator 15 is fixed on a pedestal 16 with shock-damping structure, overcoat entrant sound window 17, encapsulates and injects silicone oil and form a probe.Piezoelectric vibrator 15 is core components of acoustic logging while drilling sonic probe, by analyzing material and the impact of physical dimension on resonant frequency of piezoelectric vibrator 15, can draw the basic parameter of the piezoelectric vibrator such as substrate material, piezoelectric ceramics type, piezoelectric vibrator length, width and thickness, piezoelectric vibrator fixed point distance.Receive and transmitting probe employing multi-layer piezoelectric oscillator arrangement mode, improved the emittance of probe to useful acoustic signals by the multi-layer piezoelectric oscillator structure radially superposeing.Piezoelectric vibrator 15 is fixed on the pedestal 16 with shock-damping structure, fully take into account the globality of piezoelectric vibrator 15 and mounting base 16, adopt high temperature bond glue to become one bonding 2 parts, the sound insulation between same pedestal 16 and drill collar 1 adopts high temperature bond glue to fix.Entrant sound window 17 is positioned at piezoelectric vibrator 15 tops, because the silicone oil in its acoustic impedance and probe and the mud acoustic impedance outside special drill collar 1 match, thereby is conducive to the transmitting of sound wave in stratum and receives less decay.Entrant sound window 17 adopts wear-resisting entrant sound window, and material is fluorubber, silicon rubber or other applicable insulation materials.Modular construction can either realize the sound isolation with drill collar, has again the directed radiation of sound wave.The independent test and the function check that are easy to dismounting and exchange and probe module of probe module.In order further to increase the energy of useful acoustic signals, adopt directional transmissions, reception technique.
The sonic system of acoustic logging while drilling device comprises 4 receiving transducer composition receiving transducer arrays 9, and utilizing many group receiving transducers is to receive the narrow characteristic of directive property because it has vertical its axis plane, is conducive to determine the locus of measuring stratum.The receiving transducer array 9 of acoustic logging while drilling device is arranged in the groove of upper centralizer 7 of drill collar, and every group of receiving transducer all adopts modularization probe, the probe module being made up of piezoelectric vibrator 15, pedestal 16, entrant sound window 17.Consider the sound insulation between probe base 16 and drill collar, install the rubber pad of sound insulation additional.
Between the upper centralizer 7 of the special drill collar 1 of acoustic logging while drilling device and lower centralizer 8, be designed to acoustic isolater 2, acoustic isolater 2 is on special drill collar 1, to carve 4 to lead sound track, be respectively and lead sound track A (11), lead sound track B (12), lead sound track C (13), lead sound track D (14), its major function is that the acoustic signals that postpones to send from transmitting probe 10 directly propagates into receiving transducer 9 by drill collar body.By the sound insulation factor of three kinds of periodicity groove structure acoustic isolaters is calculated, the log response of the acoustic logging while drilling instrument that simulation is provided with acoustic isolater simultaneously in fast stratum, design the acoustic isolater 2 that a kind of groove of being arranged by cycle staggering forms, than the acoustic isolater being formed by toroidal cavity, there is better defening effect.Because acoustic isolater 2 is flutings on special drill collar 1, can make drill collar body strength decreased, in order to guarantee the safe construction in drilling process, the drill collar of design acoustic isolater must possess certain intensity, resistance to compression, tension, torsional strength for notching construction adopt Finite Element Simulation Analysis, guarantee that it meets Practical Project requirement.In order to meet both requirements, the groove width of leading sound track 11 to 14 is respectively: 130mm, 110mm, and 90mm, 110mm, the degree of depth is 14mm, and the interval of leading sound track is respectively: 110mm, 90mm, 110mm.
Formed by parts such as acoustic wave excitation circuit, signal reception and treatment circuit, control and data processing circuit, power circuits with the telemetry circuit 3 that bores orientation acoustic logging device.Exciting circuit produces the pumping signal of transmitting sonic system under the firing pulse effect from control and data processing circuit.Operating frequency range 12～18kHz; The width of driving pulse is adjustable; Signal receives and data acquisition circuit comprises 4 identical autonomous channels of function, to amplifying from the different channel signals that receive each probe in sonic system, filtering, collection.Four-way simulation programmable amplifier bandwidth 10～20KHz; Four-way 14 digit wave form data acquisitions; Control and data handling system are the control processing centers of instrument, it is take DSP and CPLD chip as core, control system is received after the control command from measurement-while-drilling system MWD, produce the required all control sequential of system works, pass through internal bus, work in coherent system between each several part, and be responsible for the transfer of data between mwd system.It need to arrange the parameters such as channel gain, sampling depth, acquisition rate, send transmitter trigger pulse, gather startup command, and carry out real-time computing, storage to receiving the Wave data collecting, different from cable acoustic logging instrument, in acoustic logging while drilling, be subject to the restriction of transfer rate, control and data processing all complete fast in down-hole.The transmitting of acoustic logging while drilling device receives SECO complexity, and data amount of calculation is large, for guaranteeing real-time, needs rational management control and data handling procedure, coordinates the overall work of instrument.Because acoustic logging while drilling data volume is large, and be subject to real-time Transmission rate limit, need to adopt the non-volatile FLASH memory of large capacity to store log data.According to the technical need of acoustic logging while drilling data, adopt NAND FLASH chip to store as non-volatile data, by to NAND FLASH interface circuit and stored program appropriate design, realize the data storage function of acoustic logging while drilling, storage capacity 256Mb.Control and data handling system also provide the communication interface with measurement-while-drilling system MWD and Ground Processing System.Power circuit power supply is 24～36VDC battery, and for saving the energy content of battery, the MPU in power circuit 21, according to the instruction of mwd system, controls power source circuit switch and realizes intermittent duty.
Realizing acoustic logging while drilling data down-hole with the telemetry circuit 3 that bores orientation acoustic logging device processes in real time, carry out compressional wave time difference extraction by adopting multiple tracks to receive waveform number, design a kind of simplification STC (Slowness Time Coherence) method, being slowness time matching method, is multiple tracks signal correction analytical method in a kind of time domain.By choosing rational time window length and slowness hunting zone, to try to achieve 4 receivers and receive the index of correlation of being carved at a time the ripple signal sending by same emission source, the slowness that maximum correlation coefficient is corresponding is the compressional wave slowness on this degree of depth stratum.Utilize the method to carry out time difference extraction to the nearly spacing acoustic waveform of theoretical modeling, verified the extractability of the method to Mintrop wave, realized the quick calculating that compressional wave time difference extracts.Adopt the method by the time difference of the synthetic waveform of the typical soft formation of calculating and hard formation, verified the reliability of program.The time difference that wherein typical hard formation calculates is 339.00us/m, and the time difference of realistic simulation input is 333.33us/m, and error is 3.21%.The time difference that wherein typical soft formation calculates is 258.02us/m, and the time difference of realistic simulation input is 250us/m, and error is 1.61%.
In acoustic logging while drilling, the noise source that the acoustic signals gathering is exerted an influence mainly contains two large classes: one is the noise that downhole drill environment produces, and another is the electronic noise that electronic device produces.By the acoustic signals of noise pollution, can not on certain frequency band, revise, can not in time domain, revise sometime again, because the frequency band of noise is very wide, almost occupy whole frequency domain, make with acoustic signals overlappingly, cannot distinguish useful signal and noise, therefore general noise-reduction method is difficult to reach gratifying effect.For the electronic noise in acoustic logging while drilling process, a kind of acoustic data signal noise reduction algorithm based on V system is proposed.By acoustic signals is carried out to V system changeover, then HFS to be eliminated, inverse transformation obtains the acoustic signals after noise reduction.By experiment results proved, this algorithm has good noise reduction for acoustic logging signal.
Claims (7)
1. one kind with boring orientation acoustic logging device, comprise special drill collar, sonic system and telemetry circuit, wherein telemetry circuit comprises acoustic wave excitation circuit, signal reception and treatment circuit, control and data processing circuit, power circuit, it is characterized in that: special drill collar is respectively equipped with upper centralizer and lower centralizer near upper and lower end parts, between upper and lower centralizer, be provided with the acoustic isolater of leading sound track formation that cycle staggering is arranged; Sonic system adopts 1 transmitting probe, 4 receiving transducer composition receiving transducer arrays, transmitting probe is arranged in the groove of lower centralizer of drill collar, receiving transducer array 9 is arranged in by axially-aligned in the groove of upper centralizer of drill collar, and sonic system is connected with supplying cell, telemetry circuit in outside MWD and special drill collar respectively by upper and lower flow guide sleeve.
2. according to claim 1 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that: the sound track of leading that formation acoustic isolater is is made as 4; Receive and transmitting probe all adopts modularized design to make, that is: piezoelectric vibrator is fixed on a pedestal with shock-damping structure, overcoat entrant sound window, encapsulates and injects a probe of silicone oil formation; Flow guide sleeve is strictly concentric with drill collar perforate, fills in the inside and outside connection of row by high pressure sealing; Supplying cell, telemetry circuit are contained in respectively in special resistance to compression cylinder, and special resistance to compression cylinder is placed in the mud runner of special drill collar between two parties, is connected with drill collar inwall by the rubber centralizer identical with drill collar internal diameter.
3. according to claim 2 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that: receive and the radially multi-layer piezoelectric oscillator arrangement mode of stack of transmitting probe employing, piezoelectric vibrator and pedestal adopt the gluing one that is connected into of high temperature bond, the wear-resisting entrant sound window that entrant sound window adopts fluorubber, silicon rubber or other insulation materials to make; Between pedestal 16 and drill collar, install the rubber pad of sound insulation additional.
4. state according to claim 2 or 3 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that the groove width of leading sound track is respectively: 130mm, 110mm, 90mm, 110mm, the degree of depth is 14mm, the interval of leading sound track is respectively: 110mm, 90mm, 110mm.
According to described in claim 2 or 3 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that: the exciting circuit of telemetry circuit produces the pumping signal of transmitting sonic system under the firing pulse effect from control and data processing circuit, operating frequency range 12～18kHz, the width of driving pulse is adjustable; Signal receives and data acquisition circuit comprises 4 identical autonomous channels of function, to amplifying from the different channel signals that receive each probe in sonic system, filtering, collection, four-way simulation programmable amplifier bandwidth 10～20KHz, four-way 14 digit wave form data acquisitions; Control and data handling system is take DSP and CPLD chip as core, control system is received after the control command from measurement-while-drilling system MWD, produce the required all control sequential of system works, pass through internal bus, work in coherent system between each several part, and be responsible for the transfer of data between mwd system, comprise channel gain, sampling depth, acquisition rate, send transmitter trigger pulse, gather startup command, and carry out real-time computing, storage to receiving the Wave data collecting; Power circuit power supply is 24～36VDC battery, and the MPU in power circuit, according to the instruction of mwd system, controls power source circuit switch and realizes intermittent duty.
6. according to claim 5 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that: the non-volatile FLASH memory of the large capacity of storage of control and data handling system is stored log data.
7. according to claim 6 with boring orientation acoustic logging device, it is characterized in that: described memory adopts NAND FLASH chip to store as non-volatile data.
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| CN104405378A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Electromagnetic wave resistivity logging-while-drilling tool |
| CN104594884A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Direction imaging electromagnetic wave electrical resistivity logging-while-drilling instrument with well pressure |
| CN105576164A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Power supply unit used for instrument for measurement while drilling |
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| CN105576164A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Power supply unit used for instrument for measurement while drilling |
| CN105576164B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of power supply device for measurement while-drilling instrument |
| CN104594884B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-03-08 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of orientation imaging electromagnetic ripple resistivity logging while drilling apparatus with borehole pressure |
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