CN103970091A - Safety interlocking method for reducing spurious trip rate (STR) of pumps - Google Patents
Safety interlocking method for reducing spurious trip rate (STR) of pumps Download PDFInfo
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- CN103970091A CN103970091A CN201410146617.4A CN201410146617A CN103970091A CN 103970091 A CN103970091 A CN 103970091A CN 201410146617 A CN201410146617 A CN 201410146617A CN 103970091 A CN103970091 A CN 103970091A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
The invention relates to a safety interlocking method for reducing the spurious trip rate (STR) of pumps. The safety interlocking method mainly solves the problem that in the prior art, the STR of the pumps is high. By the adoption of the safety interlocking method, the safety integrity level (SIL) of a safety instrumented system related to the pumps is determined through danger and risk analysis of the pumps, and the STR of the pumps is lowered by changing redundant structures of all safety interlocking circuits of the pumps. The safety interlocking method comprises the first step of identifying SIF circuits of the pumps, the second step of conducting SIL grading and determining the SILs required by the SIF circuits of all the pumps through LOPA, the third step of conducting SIL verification calculation, and the fourth step of adjusting the redundant structures of the SIF circuits of the pumps and reducing the STR of the pumps. Through the technical scheme, the problems are well solved, and the safety interlocking method can be applied to safety interlocking of the pumps.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of safety interlocking method that reduces pump mistakenly stop car.
Background technology
In process industrial field; particularly in petrochemical process; the effect of safety instrumented systems (Safety InstrumentedSystem-SIS) is very important; it is important protective seam; bearing in process of production monitoring and security-related state parameter, take measures in time while finding fault or the dangerous situation such as abnormal important with Accident prevention generation etc., safety instrument function, be widely used at present the process industrial such as oil, chemical industry field.Therefore the security performance of safety instrumented systems is directly connected to security control and the safeguard protection level of various dangerous matter sources, complete equipment, and then is directly connected to safety in production level.Such as: when boiler pressure reaches certain value, valve is opened automatically, in mine hazardous gas acquire a certain degree alarm and automatically open ventilation equipment, in the time having people to enter the explosive area of electric saw, electric saw stops action etc. automatically, this is all that safety instrumented systems is being carried out function of safety protection, national economy and technical merit are higher, and the application of such safety instrumented systems is just more general.Safety instrumented systems has ensured the security of operation of set of equipments or complete equipment, has played immeasurable effect for the loss that reduces industrial accident, minimizing personnel and property.Once its disabler, just may cause sizable loss of personal property, if safety instrumented systems design is unreasonable, often cause device unplanned shutdown, will be to enterprise with huge economic loss, the huge potential threat of having returned personnel, environment band.
CN201010577606 relates to a kind of functional safety appraisal procedure of safety instrumented systems, for safety instrumented systems being carried out to authentic simulation, monitoring and functional safety assessment, and the situation of change of research safety instrument system common cause failure, method comprises: safety instrumented systems carries out functional safety control to controlled system; Safety instrumented systems is carried out to initial risks analysis, determine safety integrity level; Whether authenticating security instrument system reaches determined safety integrity level; Change composition structure or the component devices of safety instrumented systems.
Pump is as one of the most frequently used moving equipment of petrochemical unit, and its reliability directly has influence on the safe and stable operation of device.Designers protect the safety of equipment for pump has designed safety instrumented systems (as large in shaft vibration, axial translation is large, bearing temperature is high); but unreasonable due to safety instrumented systems design; often can cause pump mistakenly stop car, and then cause package unit to stop work.
How ensureing under the prerequisite of pump safety, the mistake stop frequency of minimizing pump, becomes the problem that people are more and more concerned about.It is therefore, reasonable, feasible that safety instrumented systems is set is significant for ensuring equipment safe and stable operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the higher problem of pump mistake parking rate in prior art, and a kind of safety interlocking method of new minimizing pump mistakenly stop car is provided.The method, for the safety interlocking of pump, has advantages of that pump mistake parking rate is lower.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of safety interlocking method that reduces pump mistakenly stop car, by danger and the venture analysis of pump, determine the safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety instrumented systems relevant to pump, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit of pump, reduce the mistake parking rate (STR) of pump, comprise following step: the identification in safety instrument function (SIF) loop of (1) pump; (2) SIL deciding grade and level, applies layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the required SIL in SIF loop of each pump; (3) adopt fault tree analysis (FTA) method, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication in conjunction with specialty analysis software; (4) redundancy structure in the SIF loop of adjustment pump, the STR of reduction pump.
In technique scheme; preferably; the identification in described SIF loop; according to the process chart of pump (PFD), pipeline and meter diagram (P & ID); the data such as interlocking explanation; adopt the reason of the various parameter errors generations of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) method identification and analysis and the consequence of this deviation institute remaining years, find out existing safeguard protection facility the measure of advising, further reduce risk class.The SIF loop that combing is existing and suggestion increases, and list SIF inventory.
In technique scheme, preferably, described application LOPA, from the basis of qualitative hazard analysis, further assesses the validity of protective seam, its objective is and determines whether that enough protective seams make risk meet company standard.As shown in Figure 1, wherein IPL is independent protection layer to the base program of layer of protection analysis.
In technique scheme, preferably, described employing Development of FTA Software, figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault according to Boolean logic, set up the oriented logical diagram of describing fault from result to reason, input the failure parameter of each elementary event, carry out SIL checking and calculate.
In technique scheme, preferably, described safety interlocking comprises the low interlocking of lubricating oil main's pressure of the high interlocking of the bearing temperature of the high high interlocking of the bear vibration of pump, pump, the high interlocking of motor winding temperature, pump etc.
Clearly, identification SIF(Safety Instrumented Function exactly), be one of primary work of analyzing of SIL deciding grade and level.In IEC61508, define safety instrument function for " reduce by the safe related system of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic, the safe related system of other technologies or Outer risks the function that facility is carried out, this function makes for a certain particular risk event or to maintain controlled plant in a safe condition ".The safe condition of controlled plant is defined as the state of having broken away from unacceptable risk.IEC61511 definition safety instrument function is " have certain specific SIL, in order to reach the security function of functional safety, it can be both an instrument safety defencive function, can be also instrument safety control function ".In other words, safety instrument function is exactly the action that safety instrumented systems is taked for the safety of whole process in the time that potential danger occurs.In order to make process enter safe condition, this action must be carried out with certain probability, the safety integrity level of this function that Here it is.
SIS(Safety Instrumented Systems) the required SIL in SIF loop be by the risk after assessment safety instrument disabler and definite, these risks comprise casualties, environmental disruption and economic loss.The present invention's application layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the SIL that each SIF loop is required.LOPA sets about from data dangerous and that operability analysis is derived, is caused reason and prevention or alleviated dangerous protective seam the danger of calculating each identification by documenting.So just can determine the total amount of Risk Reduction and whether need further to reduce the risk of analyzing.And if Risk Reduction as additional in need is to provide this reduction with the form of a SIF, LOPA method allows to determine the SIL of suitable SIF.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is to figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault according to Boolean logic, and it is that the fundamental cause that fault is occurred is carried out rational analysis, then sets up the oriented logical diagram of describing fault from result to reason.Its ultimate principle is using the malfunction of least wishing in institute's Study system to occur or event of failure as target and the starting point of fault analysis, then, in system, find the whole factors that directly cause this fault to occur, set it as the ground floor reason event of not wishing the fault occurring, then again taking each reason event in this one deck as starting point, find respectively whole factors of the next stage that causes each reason event generation, by that analogy, until trace that those are original, failure mechanism or probability distribution be all known factor.With it describe that the cause-effect relationship of fault is intuitive, clear, clear thinking, logicality be strong, both can qualitative analysis, again can quantitative test.
This patent adopts a kind of semiquantitative hazard analysis, methods of risk assessment, solve " security " and " availability " problem in pump day-to-day operation process, by danger and venture analysis, determine the reliability index of safety instrumented systems, be SIL, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit, reduce the mistake parking rate STR of pump, can guarantee under the situation of pump safe operation, in alap reduction pump operation, malfunction causes the frequency of stopping, avoid due to the caused unplanned parking of pump, greatly promote pump safe and stable operation, obtain good technique effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the base program structural representation of layer of protection analysis of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is one of mistake parking rate analytical model of setting up according to Fault Tree Analysis of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is two of the mistake parking rate analytical model of setting up according to Fault Tree Analysis of the present invention.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated, but be not limited only to the present embodiment.
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
Pump P-101 is reduced embodiment checking and the explanation of its parking rate on certain petrochemical unit, comprise the steps:
1, safety instrument function identification
The identification in SIF loop; according to the process chart of pump (PFD), pipeline and meter diagram (P & ID); the data such as interlocking explanation; adopt the reason of the various parameter errors generations of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) method identification and analysis and the consequence of this deviation institute remaining years; find out existing safeguard protection facility the measure of advising, further reduce risk class.The SIF loop that combing is existing and suggestion increases, and list SIF inventory, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 pump P-101 safe interlocking circuit complete list
2, safety integrity (SIL) deciding grade and level
Security function, trigger event or reason and the risk status etc. in 11 SIF loops that pump P-101 is picked out have carried out analysing item by item and record being discussed.Consider the required SIL grade of casualties risk, environmental impact risk and economic loss risk, then select SIL grade that wherein demand the is higher SIL grade as specific SIF loop requirements.SIL deciding grade and level result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2P-101 accordance evaluation result
Note: PFD is for requiring failure probability (Probability of Failure on Demand).
3, SIL checking and STR calculate
Adopt Fault Tree Analysis, set up mathematical model, bring fail data into, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication, accordance evaluation result is as shown in table 2.
Adopt Fault Tree Analysis, set up mistake parking rate computation model, bring safe fail data into, miss parking rate and calculate.Mistakenly stop car computation model as shown in Figure 2.
The mistake parking rate that calculates P-101 is STR1=2.88E-1, and the mistake parking rate of P-101 is 0.288 times/year.
4, system mistake parking rate reduces scheme
Now, all change the redundancy structure of SIF01, SIF02, SIF03, SIF04, SIF11 into 2oo2, the PFD that again calculates each safe interlocking circuit is as shown in table 3.
P-101 accordance evaluation result after table 3 is adjusted
As can be seen from the above results, after adjusting redundancy structure, still can meet the reliability index SIL grade of safety instrumented systems.
According to above redundancy structure, set up mistake parking rate computation model, as shown in Figure 3.
The redundancy structure of adjusting mistake parking rate computation model, calculates: STR2=1.19E-1, the mistake parking rate of P-101 is 0.119 times/year.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is reduced the safety interlocking method of pump mistakenly stop car, by danger and the venture analysis of pump, determine the safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety instrumented systems relevant to pump, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit of pump, the mistake parking rate (STR) that reduces pump, comprises following step:
(1) identification in safety instrument function (SIF) loop of pump;
(2) SIL deciding grade and level, applies layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the required SIL in SIF loop of each pump;
(3) adopt fault tree analysis (FTA) method, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication in conjunction with specialty analysis software;
(4) redundancy structure in the SIF loop of adjustment pump, the STR of reduction pump.
2. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of pump mistakenly stop car; it is characterized in that the identification in described SIF loop; according to data such as the process chart of pump (PFD), pipeline and meter diagram (P & ID), interlocking explanations; adopt the reason of the various parameter errors generations of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) method identification and analysis and the consequence of this deviation institute remaining years; find out existing safeguard protection facility the measure of advising, further reduce risk class.The SIF loop that combing is existing and suggestion increases, and list SIF inventory.
3. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of pump mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described application LOPA, from the basis of qualitative hazard analysis, further assesses the validity of protective seam, the base program of layer of protection analysis as shown in Figure 1.
4. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of pump mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described employing Development of FTA Software, figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault according to Boolean logic, set up the oriented logical diagram of describing fault from result to reason, input the failure parameter of each elementary event, carry out SIL checking and calculate.
5. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of pump mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described safety interlocking comprises the high interlocking of bearing temperature, the high interlocking of motor winding temperature, the low interlocking of lubricating oil main's pressure of pump etc. of the high high interlocking of bear vibration, the pump of pump.
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| CN201410146617.4A CN103970091A (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | Safety interlocking method for reducing spurious trip rate (STR) of pumps |
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| CN201410146617.4A CN103970091A (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | Safety interlocking method for reducing spurious trip rate (STR) of pumps |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104678955A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Risk-based optimization method for safety instrument system of heating furnace |
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| US20090012631A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Dale Fuller | Automation safety life cycle |
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