CN104013098A - Handling device and method for reducing toxic and harmful substances in tobacco - Google Patents
Handling device and method for reducing toxic and harmful substances in tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN104013098A CN104013098A CN201310585968.0A CN201310585968A CN104013098A CN 104013098 A CN104013098 A CN 104013098A CN 201310585968 A CN201310585968 A CN 201310585968A CN 104013098 A CN104013098 A CN 104013098A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a handling device and method for reducing toxic and harmful substances in tobacco. The handling method comprises the following steps of radiation exposure, control over an exposure dose and exposure time, exposure cooling, posttreatment, storage, detection, packaging and the like. According to the handling device and method for reducing toxic and harmful substances in tobacco, irradiation processing is conducted on tobacco through high-energy rays, such as gamma-rays or X-rays or an electron beam, generated by ionization radiation. After the toxic and harmful substances in the tobacco absorb radiation energy, a series of physical and chemical effects are generated, atoms of the substances are motivated or ionized, the chemical structures of toxins are destroyed, and finally as a result, the composition, the structure and the nature of the substances are changed. In this way, insects can be killed, mould can be prevented, loss can be reduced, tobacco mellowing can be accelerated, and the smoking quality is improved; more importantly, the toxic and harmful substances such as tar and pesticide residues in the tobacco can be degraded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of tobacco processing, be specifically related to a kind of device and processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco.
Background technology
Along with the improving constantly of living standard, people's health care consciousness is strengthening gradually in recent years.Wherein: the admixture of gas producing after result of combustion of tobacco is called tobacco smoke.In tobacco smoke, found that more than 7000 plant chemical composition, had 69 kinds of known carcinogenic substances at least, more than 200 kind of nuisance.Improving the security of tobacco, lower the burst size of harmful components in smoke of tobacco, is the developing direction of international tobacco technology, is also the inevitable demand of development China tobacco technology.
Yet the spoilage organisms in kill tobacco how, poisonous and harmful substance and agriculture chemical in degrading tobacco are residual, thus it is just particularly important to the harm of health of people to reach degrading tobacco.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco.
The invention provides a kind of device that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, comprise for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or the produce power X ray below 5Mev or the radiation device of the electron beam of produce power below 10Mev;
Described radiation device comprises that electron accelerator is to utilize electromagnetic field effect, makes electronics obtain higher-energy, produces the device of high energy electron speed or X ray;
Described electron accelerator can be used as the dual-purpose radiation source of electronics speed and X ray.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, comprises the steps:
S100, radiation irradiation: by for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or for the radiation device that radiates X ray or electron beam, the tobacco that packing is processed in advance being irradiated;
S200, irradiation absorption dosage are to control: detect in real time current radiation adsorber value, treat that tobacco reaches predetermined radiation absorbed dose;
S300, irradiate cooling: the tobacco after treatment with irradiation is carried out to cooling 15～25min, and temperature is lower than 18～30 ℃;
S400, post processing are stored: close electronics speed accelerator; Or the gamma-ray radiation source of irradiation is stored in swimmer's pool;
S500, detection encapsulation: detect the radiation absorbed dose of tobacco, tobacco unloading, sealing by radiation absorbed dose lower than safe dose threshold value.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is:
In reduction tobacco provided by the invention, device and the processing method of poisonous and harmful substance, can address the above problem.Because radiation process (also claiming irradiation processing) can reduce to the poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco processing.Therefore the processing method of the embodiment of the present invention is exactly that the high-energy ray that utilizes the ionising radiations such as gamma-rays, X ray or electron beam to produce carries out irradiation processing to tobacco.Wherein: the interaction process of high-energy ionization radiation and material mainly contains: photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair effect.After material absorbing emittance, produce a series of chemical effects, material atom is excited or ionize, toxin chemical constitution is destroyed, finally causes material to form structure, qualitative change.So both can disinsection mold-proof, reduce the loss, can accelerate tobacco mellowing again, improve sucking quality, the more important thing is the poisonous and harmful substances such as tar in can degrading tobacco, residues of pesticides.
It should be noted that, tobacco, when accepting irradiation, does not directly contact with radioactive source, only contacts the energy that gamma-rays, X ray or electron beam bring tobacco is processed.Therefore, do not exist tobacco because of the active problem of irradiation band.Can not produce the insecurity problems such as nuisance is residual yet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart that reduces the processing method of poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco of the embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of device that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, comprises for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or the produce power X ray below 5Mev or the radiation device of the electron beam of produce power below 10Mev;
Described radiation device comprises that electron accelerator is to utilize electromagnetic field effect, makes electronics obtain higher-energy, produces the device of high energy electron speed or X ray;
Described electron accelerator can be used as the dual-purpose radiation source of electronics speed and X ray.
Preferably,
Described electron accelerator comprises electrostatic accelerator, (model De Graff electron accelerator), dynamitron (dynamitron), microwave electron linear accelerator, circulating electrons accelerator etc.
It should be noted that: described gamma ray projector is often in two kinds of positions the duty position and the stored position that product are irradiated; Described stored position is in swimmer's pool.Electron accelerator is different from gamma ray projector, and work or stop work needn't shift position, because as long as powered-down is radiationless.
When to tobacco irradiation processing, the gamma-ray radiation source of comparing, adopts electron beam process better, and electron beam is to be accelerated to produce by electronics.According to the quantity that will process every day, choose electron accelerator instrument size.
Wherein: electron accelerator (abbreviation accelerator) is to utilize electromagnetic field effect, make electronics obtain higher-energy, produce the device of high energy electron speed (ray) or X ray.Electron accelerator can be used as the dual-purpose radiation source of electronics speed and X ray.Electron accelerator for tobacco irradiation processing mainly contains electrostatic accelerator (model De Graff electron accelerator) dynamitron (dynamitron), microwave electron linear accelerator, circulating electrons accelerator etc.
Introduce the radiotechnology principle of electron accelerator below
To be the high-power electron beam (ray) that produced by electron accelerator (beam energy is that 10Mev, speed stream power are more than tens of kilowatts conventionally) destroy in living body biological cell DNA or by asking that the effect of connecing makes water and small-molecule substance radiolysis by high-power electron beam direct effect to the principle of electron beam irradiation, generation-H ,-OH isoreactivity free radical, with material effect in core, there is cross-linking reaction.Compared with the electron beam of low dosage, can significantly not affect under the prerequisite of cigarette quality, kill insect pest, kill spoilage organisms, and by the direct and indirect effect of its ray, make the series reaction such as large biological molecule or chemical pollutant molecule rupture, are cross-linked, thereby change the original biology of molecule, physics, chemical characteristic, make poisonous and harmful substance degraded in tobacco, reach and reduce its sensitization and toxic etc.
No matter be gamma-rays, x ray or electron beam x radiation x are all the processes of an energy transmission and deposition concerning material, its result can make material ionization occur and excite, in this process, can form a series of product as electronics, ion, excite molecule, free radical and molecular fragment, these products to be also called chemistry originally to produce thing (active particle).
Said apparatus also comprises product transmission system;
Described product transmission system for transmitting tobacco under the irradiation of radiation source or radiation device; Described product transfer system comprises conveyor type conveyer and the outstanding conveying-type conveyer of single track;
It should be noted that: these two kinds of transfer systems are all speed changes, and during radiation treatment, different product requires different exposure times, thus require to adjust the speed of transfer system, so that product obtains the dosage requiring.
Said apparatus also comprises security system;
Described security system is for detection of the fault of conveyer, radiation source or radiation device, and gives the alarm after monitoring fault.
It should be noted that: all irradiators all must have cascade failure security system, this system, in any one link, break down or during unsafe act, capital gives the alarm and automatically makes safe handling simultaneously, and do not eliminate or before unsafe act stops, system is still in alarm state in fault.
Said apparatus also comprises exhaust system;
Described exhaust system is for discharging ozone and the oxynitrides of radiation source or radiation device generation.
During radiation treatment, source ambient air is irradiated always, can produce a large amount of harmful ozone and oxynitrides.Therefore irradiator is all equipped with ventilating system, to reduce ozone too high in room air and oxynitride concentration, safeguard work personnel's health.
In addition, the building of irradiator is different from ordinary plant, because it is equipped with the radiographic source that penetration capacity is very strong.In order to make the radioactivity outside irradiator remain on the low-level of safe enough, radiation source be shielded with very thick mixed earth wall.
Based on same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, the functional similarity of the device of poisonous and harmful substance in the principle of dealing with problems due to the method and aforementioned reduction tobacco, therefore the method can, referring to the enforcement of aforementioned means, repeat part and repeat no more.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, comprises the steps:
S100, radiation irradiation: by for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or for the radiation device that radiates X ray or electron beam, the tobacco that packing is processed in advance being irradiated;
S200, irradiation absorption dosage are to control: detect in real time current radiation adsorber value, treat that tobacco reaches predetermined radiation absorbed dose;
S300, irradiate cooling: the tobacco after treatment with irradiation is carried out to cooling 15～25min, and temperature is lower than 18～30 ℃;
S400, post processing are stored: close electronics speed accelerator; Or the gamma-ray radiation source of irradiation is stored in swimmer's pool;
S500, detection encapsulation: detect the radiation absorbed dose of tobacco, tobacco unloading, sealing by radiation absorbed dose lower than safe dose threshold value.
Preferably, described safe dose threshold value is 10kGy (being kilogray).
Preferably,
Described gamma-ray radiation source is chosen radionuclide cobalt-60 (60Co) or caesium-137 (137Cs);
The energy that described radiation device produces is at 5Mev or following X ray; Or the energy producing is at 10Mev or following electron beam.
It should be noted that, to tobacco irradiation processing, to carry out in strict accordance with laws and regulations on the management standards such as China < < irradiated food administration of health way > >, absorbed dose of radiation is in 10KGy, so, do not produce illeffects, also do not have radioactivity residual, this technology is ripe.About food irradiation processing safety demonstration and test, as far back as eighties of last century, just start the sixties in the world, through long-term animal experiment and human trial, prove.Agricultural byproducts and processed goods thereof under doses (1-10KGy) irradiates do not produce radioactivity and noxious material, on not impact of nutritive value.The irradiated foods safe and sanitary joint specialist committee of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), the World Health Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency's tissue, at the beginning of the eighties in last century, just assert at 10KGy dosage with any food of interior radiation and processed goods, do not produce illeffects, safety can be edible.And pass through the chemical research of irradiated food and processed goods, toxicologic study, Nutritional studies, microbiological research, the fact has proved that irradiated food and processed goods thereof are safe.Therefore, the both safety and sanitation of the tobacco of irradiation processing, toxic is low again.
To tobacco leaf, pipe tobacco and finished cigarette, all can carry out irradiation processing.When irradiation, tobacco absorption irradiation dose is larger, and its poisonous and harmful substance is fewer, and when irradiation dose is 10KGy, the poisonous and harmful substance reduced rate in tobacco reaches 68% left and right.Tobacco after irradiation processing can keep original quality.Can, except impurity elimination taste, more can produce good mouthfeel.During smoking, mouthfeel silk floss is soft, without pungent, choke stimulation and bitterness sense.Make after smoker's smoking without too much harmful toxins, little to health hazard.
Introduce the dosage of radiation below:
The emittance that the dosage of radiation absorbs while referring to material by radiation.In the International System of Units, the unit of absorbed dose of radiation represents with gray(Gy) (Gy).During radiation, the dosage of 1 kilogram of (kg) material absorbing erg-ten (J) energy is 1Gy.The dosage of tobacco radiation is everlasting below 10KGy.The energy that the illuminated material of unit mass absorbs within the unit interval is called absorbed dose rate, and unit is gray(Gy)/second.The type that material absorbing radiation changes is relevant with the energy of radiation; The degree changing depends on the number of institute's radiation-absorbing dosage.Total time of radiation is accepted in the energy output (power) of radiation source unit interval, absorbing material autoradiolysis source, and the absorption characteristic of the space arrangement between radiation source and absorbing material and absorbing material.
In the dosage range of tobacco irradiation, the variation of the tobacco temperature that irradiation produces is very little, and the irradiation of 10KGy is equivalent to make the temperature of water to increase by 2.4 ℃.Therefore, tobacco irradiation can be used as a kind of cold treatment method of processing.
The measurement of tobacco irradiation process absorbed dose of radiation: dosimeter is exposed under radiation and records, the dosage then absorbing from dosimeter calculates the dosage being absorbed by tobacco.Conventional dosage measurement system has calorimeter, liquid or solid chemical dose to take into account visual dosage label.
Tobacco first answers working sample when irradiation.While determining irradiation according to poisonous and hazardous content and microbiological contamination amount etc. in tobacco and the mouthfeel wanted, provide the dosage of the required absorption of tobacco, thereby reach optimal effect.
Introduce electron beam irradiation process technology feature below
Handling safety controllability is strong:
Electronic beam irradiation technology has better environmental-protecting performance, and radiation chamber is by appropriate design, and construction and strict use management, can avoid electron ray to leak completely during operation, and electron accelerator power-off cuts off the source of penetrating, safe and reliable.The generation of electron beam irradiation and disappearance can be controlled by power switch completely, simple to operate, do not need radiation source, free from environmental pollution, and operating personnel, without injury, can be directly applied to serialization and be produced.And gamma-ray irradiation needs radiation source.Need to there is special facility to prevent radiation leakage, handle to such an extent that radiation source is put into water stop radiation at every turn.5.7 years 60Co ray half-life, 31 years 137Cs ray half-life, thereby also need discarded radioactive source to process, disposal cost is very expensive.
Simple to operation, can accomplish scale production:
Electron beam is produced by electron accelerator, its generation and disappearance can be controlled by the power switch of electron accelerator completely, the size of energy ionizing radiation also can regulate by electron accelerator, system is controlled more convenient, to packaged tobacco leaf, pipe tobacco and tobacco product processing capable of direct processing.Electron beam penetration range is shorter, and with relevant by irradiation thing density, electron beam has close rate faster, adopts dynamic conveyer, and the unevenness of its product absorbed dose of radiation is less than 5%, is applicable to regular shape, little thickness product processing.Also can the irradiation processing of mould turnover two sides, can solve like this thickness problem of irradiation products.
In a word, utilize electron beam irradiation processing, directionality is good, and speed is fast, and efficiency is high, and cost is low, good protection, and security is good.But one-time investment is larger.
In sum, the high-energy ray that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the ionising radiations such as gamma-rays, X ray or electron beam to produce carries out irradiation processing to tobacco.After harmful substance radiation-absorbing energy in tobacco, produce series of physical and chemical effect, material atom is excited or ionize, toxin chemical constitution is destroyed, finally causes material to form structure, qualitative change.So both can disinsection mold-proof, reduce the loss, can accelerate tobacco mellowing again, improve sucking quality, the more important thing is the poisonous and harmful substances such as tar in can degrading tobacco, residues of pesticides.
Claims (8)
1. a device that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, is characterized in that,
Comprise for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or the produce power X ray below 5Mev or the radiation device of the electron beam of produce power below 10Mev;
Described radiation device comprises that electron accelerator is to utilize electromagnetic field effect, makes electronics obtain the device that higher-energy produces high energy electron speed or X ray;
Described electron accelerator can be used as the dual-purpose radiation source of electronics speed and X ray.
2. the device of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described electron accelerator comprises electrostatic accelerator, dynamitron, microwave electron linear accelerator, cyclotron.
3. the device of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Also comprise product transmission system;
Described product transmission system for transmitting tobacco under the irradiation of radiation source or radiation device; Described product transfer system comprises conveyor type conveyer and the outstanding conveying-type conveyer of single track.
4. the device of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Also comprise security system;
Described security system is for detection of the fault of conveyer, radiation source or radiation device, and gives the alarm after monitoring fault.
5. the device of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Also comprise exhaust system;
Described exhaust system is for discharging ozone and the oxynitrides of radiation source or radiation device generation.
6. a processing method that reduces poisonous and harmful substance in tobacco, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Radiation irradiation: by for radiating gamma-ray radiation source or for the radiation device that radiates X ray or electron beam, the tobacco that packing is processed in advance being irradiated;
Irradiation absorption dosage is to control: detect in real time current radiation adsorber value, treat that tobacco reaches predetermined radiation absorbed dose;
Irradiate cooling: the tobacco after treatment with irradiation is carried out to cooling 15～25min, and temperature is lower than 18～30 ℃;
Post processing is stored: close electronics speed accelerator; Or the gamma-ray radiation source of irradiation is stored in swimmer's pool;
Detect encapsulation: detect the radiation absorbed dose of tobacco, tobacco unloading, sealing by radiation absorbed dose lower than safe dose threshold value.
7. the processing method of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described safe dose threshold value is 10kGy.
8. the processing method of poisonous and harmful substance in reduction tobacco as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described gamma-ray radiation source is chosen radionuclide cobalt-60 or caesium-137;
The energy that described radiation device produces is at 5Mev or following X ray; Or the energy producing is at 10Mev or following electron beam.
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| CN107212111A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-29 | 四川治生科技有限公司 | The method that high energy X x ray irradiation x removes Pesticide Residues in Tea thing |
| CN110214971A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-10 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A method of promoting discarded tobacco leaf organoleptic quality |
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Application publication date: 20140903 |