CN104105459A - 具有凹陷的凹坑的整形外科增强物 - Google Patents

具有凹陷的凹坑的整形外科增强物 Download PDF

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CN104105459A
CN104105459A CN201280069276.4A CN201280069276A CN104105459A CN 104105459 A CN104105459 A CN 104105459A CN 201280069276 A CN201280069276 A CN 201280069276A CN 104105459 A CN104105459 A CN 104105459A
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reinforce
port
pit
depression
plastic surgery
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CN104105459B (zh
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J.J.谢伊
D.R.戈尔德伯格
N.M.奎因
S.蔡
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Smith and Nephew Inc
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Smith and Nephew Richards Inc
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Abstract

描述了用于提供具有接纳固定材料的凹陷的凹坑的整形外科增强物的系统、装置和方法。整形外科增强物包括:外表面,其与患者的组织或骨交接;以及内表面,其与植入物交接,内表面包括构造成接纳固定材料的凹陷的凹坑、围绕凹陷的凹坑的至少一部分的边缘、以及在边缘中的端口,其中凹陷的凹坑在侧向于端口的至少一个方向上沿内表面延伸。

Description

具有凹陷的凹坑的整形外科增强物
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年12月7日提交的美国临时专利申请No. 61/568,023的权益,该专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文中。
背景技术
关节常常由于各种原因而经历退行性变化。当关节退化变得严重或不可逆时,可能变得有必要用假体关节置换自然关节。包括髋关节、肩关节和膝关节在内的人工植入物在整形外科手术中被广泛使用。具体而言,髋关节假体是常见的。人体髋关节机械地充当球窝关节,其中股骨的球形头被定位在骨盆的承窝形髋臼内。各种退行性疾病和伤害可能需要使用典型地金属、陶瓷或塑料的合成材料置换髋部的全部或一部分。
可能变得有必要进行第二次或后续手术,以便用(常常较大的)置换关节来置换假体关节。称为“翻修”手术的这种手术常常由于骨的进一步退化或退行性疾病的发展而发生,这需要移除另外的骨并用常常称为翻修关节的更大的或加强的假体关节来置换移除的患病骨。例如,骨常常在髋臼的边缘周围损失,并且这可能提供较小的边缘覆盖率以牢固地放置髋臼杯。
在植入物周围的患者的骨受损的情况中,可能有必要利用增强物来增加额外的支撑。例如,髋臼增强物可被放置以填充髋臼壳体周围的缺损空腔,以有助于支撑传递到壳体的载荷。作为外科技术的一部分,外科医生可将壳体和增强物两者放置在患者体内,以便在将两个部件紧固在一起之前确保适当的配合以防止两者间的运动。然而,如果两个部件是全等的,紧固两个部件可能是困难的,特别是当使用骨水泥时。部件之间不充分的水泥固定可造成它们在植入之后分离,这可能造成颗粒生成并最终导致翻修。
在当前的增强物设计中,通常不采取措施以辅助水泥施加。因此,外科医生特别地在将部件完全组装在一起之前(例如,沿着类似于填缝珠的增强物的边缘)施加水泥或者干脆放弃使用水泥。这利用不容易复制的技术导致不一致且有时不期望的结果。
发明内容
本文公开了用于具有保持凹坑的整形外科增强物的系统、装置和方法。在某些实施例中,系统、装置和方法包括整形外科增强物,该增强物包括:外表面,其与患者的组织或骨交接;以及内表面,其与植入物交接,内表面包括构造成接纳固定材料的凹陷的凹坑、围绕凹陷的凹坑的至少一部分的边缘、以及在边缘中的端口。边缘可与植入物配合。在某些实施例中,凹陷的凹坑在侧向于端口的至少一个方向上沿内表面延伸。端口从外表面延伸至内表面,从而允许固定材料插入凹陷的凹坑中。
在某些实施例中,凹陷的凹坑包括由脊分离的第一隔室和第二隔室。脊可相对于边缘凹陷。固定材料将增强物刚性地固结到植入物。在某些实施例中,固定材料为水泥或糊剂。在某些实施例中,整形外科增强物还包括第二端口。第二端口可以是定位在端口下面的充盈计,并且第二端口可具有与端口的几何形状不同的几何形状。在某些实施例中,端口包括鲁尔锁配件或插塞,并且端口可以是渐缩的。在某些实施例中,整形外科增强物还可包括构造成与插入装置联接的延伸构件。整形外科增强物还可包括凸缘、叶片、钩或板。
在某些实施例中,增强物的表面为抛光的、糙面的和多孔的中的至少一种。在某些实施例中,外表面的至少一部分包括抛光的饰面。外表面还可包括糙面精整层或多孔组合物。在某些实施例中,上表面包括多孔组合物。
在某些实施例中,用于植入整形外科增强物的方法包括:将增强物的内表面邻近植入物放置,其中内表面包括凹陷的凹坑和端口;以及将固定材料经由端口插入增强物的凹陷的凹坑中,从而将增强物固结到植入物。在某些实施例中,增强物的内表面还包括多个端口。该方法还可包括使用多个端口中的至少一个作为充盈计,由此固定材料被注入第一端口,直到经由用作充盈计的第二端口观察到固定材料。该方法还可包括:选择第一端口以在其内将固定材料注入凹陷的凹坑;以及将固定材料注入凹陷的凹坑,直到观察到固定元件经过第二端口。在某些实施例中,该方法包括确定增强物相对于植入物的优选取向、以及响应于所述确定而选择多个端口中的一个以在其内注入固定材料。
在某些实施例中,凹陷的凹坑包括第一隔室和第二隔室。端口可靠近第一隔室设置。该方法还可包括将固定材料经由端口注入第一隔室,其中,过量填充第一隔室造成固定材料流入第二隔室。固定材料可以是水泥或糊剂,并且植入物可以是髋臼壳体或保持架。
在某些实施例中,增强物的表面为抛光的、糙面的和多孔的中的至少一种。在某些实施例中,外表面的至少一部分包括抛光的饰面。外表面还可包括糙面精整层或多孔组合物。在某些实施例中,上表面包括多孔组合物。
在某些实施例中,提供了一种用于在整形外科手术中使用的套件,该套件包括:多个增强物,每一个包括表面,该表面具有构造成接纳固定材料的凹陷的凹坑、围绕凹陷的凹坑的至少一部分的边缘、以及在边缘中的端口,其中多个增强物中的至少一个在边缘中具有不止一个端口。
在某些实施例中,提供了一种整形外科增强物,该增强物包括:外表面,其与患者的组织或骨交接;以及内表面,其与植入物交接,内表面包括用于接纳固定材料的凹陷的机构、围绕该凹陷的机构的至少一部分的边缘、以及在边缘中的进入机构,其中凹陷的机构在横向于进入机构的至少一个方向上沿内表面延伸。
在阅读本公开之后,本领域的技术人员将会想到这些实施例的变型和修改。上述特征和方面可以用本文所描述的一个或多个其它特征以任何组合和子组合(包括多个从属的组合和子组合)实现。上文所描述或示出的各种特征,包括其任何部件,可以结合或集成在其它系统中。此外,某些特征可被省略或不实现。
附图说明
在结合附图考虑以下详细描述之后,上述和其它目的和优点将显而易见,在附图中类似的附图标记表示类似的部件,并且其中:
图1A示出具有凹陷的凹坑的示例性增强物的透视图;
图1B示出图1A的示例性增强物的前正视图;
图1C示出邻近植入物的图1A的示例性增强物的侧正视图;
图1D示出邻近植入物的图1A的示例性增强物的俯视平面图;
图2示出髋臼壳体和具有多个端口的示例性增强物的透视图;
图3A-3F示出示例性端口的局部剖视图,并且图3F还示出联接到其的示例性插入装置;
图4示出具有凹陷的凹坑和安装构件的示例性增强物的透视图;
图5A和5B示出具有多个凹陷的凹坑的示例性增强物的透视图;
图5C示出图5A的示例性增强物沿线C-C截取的剖视图;
图5D示出邻近植入物的图5A和5B的示例性增强物的俯视平面图;以及
图6A和6B示出具有各种表面修饰的示例性增强物的透视图。
具体实施方式
为了提供对本文所述系统、装置和方法的总体理解,将描述某些示例性实施例。虽然本文所述实施例和特征具体地描述为用于结合髋臼系统使用,但将理解,以下概述的所有部件、连接机构、可调整系统、制造方法、涂层和其它特征可以任何合适方式彼此结合,并且可以适应和应用于将在其它外科手术中使用的医疗装置和植入物,这些手术包括但不限于整形外科膝关节置换手术、脊柱关节成形术、颅颌面外科手术、髋关节成形术、肩关节成形术、以及足部、踝关节、手部和其它肢体手术。
本文所述增强物为外科医生提供了适应各种各样的骨解剖结构和植入物结构的单元化选项。增强物优选地与植入物和患者的周围骨骼或组织两者保持紧密交接,同时允许外科医生在植入物的植入之前或之后将增强物置于各种位置,以便适合不同的骨解剖结构和植入物结构。此外,增强物结合可在其中沉积诸如水泥的固定材料的凹陷的凹坑。凹陷的凹坑允许固定材料加压沉积到这样的位置:该位置在增强物和联接到增强物的植入物之间较大的表面积上提供改善的结合。
图1A示出增强物100的透视图,其具有在增强物100的内表面120内的凹陷的凹坑130。增强物100具有与患者的组织或骨交接的外表面110和与植入物交接的内表面120。内表面120具有形成于其中的凹陷的凹坑130,如图1A所示,凹坑130占据内表面120的很大一部分面积并且被构造成接纳诸如水泥或糊剂的固定材料。当注入凹陷的凹坑130中时,水泥或糊剂将增强物100固结到植入物。可使用任何合适的水泥或糊剂,包括但不限于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、任何其它合适的生物相容性水泥或糊剂、或其它固定材料、或它们的任何组合。在某些实施例中,固定材料(例如,PMMA)可与包括但不限于抗生素、抗炎药物和生长因子的一种或多种药理学药剂混合。
内表面120还包括边缘140,其与植入物配合并且围绕凹陷的凹坑130的至少一部分延伸。例如,如图1A所示,边缘140沿着内表面120的周边环绕凹陷的凹坑130的周边。当增强物100抵靠植入物定位时,边缘140基本上防止设置在凹陷的凹坑130中的固定材料离开凹陷的凹坑130。例如,边缘140被构造成与植入物配合并且被成形为使得边缘140匹配植入物的几何形状且邻接植入物,这防止固定材料离开凹陷的凹坑130。如图1C和1D所示,边缘140具有曲线的或弧形的形状,以与诸如髋臼壳体的植入物190的形状互补。在某些实施例中,边缘140可以任选地涂有吸收性或非吸收性材料,例如聚乳酸塑料(PLA)或PGA塑料。在某些实施例中,在增强物的边缘和植入物之间可以任选地提供垫圈或其它密封装置。垫圈可帮助用凹陷的凹坑容纳固定材料。
为了允许外科医生将固定材料注射或以其它方式插入到凹陷的凹坑130内,内表面120包括在边缘140内的端口150,其从外表面110延伸至内表面120的凹陷的凹坑130。如图1A所示,例如,端口150设置在边缘140的顶部中并且从上外表面110a延伸至凹陷的凹坑130,从而在增强物100与植入物配合时允许外科医生将固定材料注入凹陷的凹坑130中。这可以在植入物和增强物已被植入患者体内之前或之后进行。端口150示出为加工到边缘140的顶部内且具有开口端150a的半圆形或半椭圆形切口。在某些实施例中,端口可提供为加工到边缘140内的通孔。例如,端口152提供为边缘140中的通孔。备选地或另外地,在某些实施例中,端口154可提供为外表面110中的通孔,其进入凹陷的凹坑130但不设置在边缘140中。
端口150有助于固定材料向增强物的所需区域内的注射,而不论增强物相对于植入物定位在哪里或者增强物在两个部件被植入之前或之后是否固结到植入物。与其中外科医生在希望使用水泥时外科医生必须在植入之外首先将增强物水泥粘合到植入物的当前增强物设计不同,本文所述凹陷的凹坑(例如,凹陷的凹坑130)允许外科医生在植入之前或之后将增强物放置在植入物附近所需的位置处,然后经由端口用固定材料填充凹陷的凹坑,从而将增强物固结到植入物。因此,增强物100的特征为外科医生提供了改进的固定选项,以在髋臼壳体或其它植入物已被植入之前或之后植入增强物。
图1B示出图1A的增强物100的内表面120的前正视图,其包括凹陷的凹坑130、基本上环绕凹陷的凹坑130的边缘140、以及设置在边缘140的上部上的端口150。如图1B所示,凹陷的凹坑130具有适形于增强物100自身的形状的形状,但在某些实施例中,凹陷的凹坑130可具有任何合适的形状,包括可能不符合增强物100的形状但仍配合在增强物100的内表面120内的形状。边缘140围绕凹陷的凹坑130的至少一部分延伸,并且如图1B所示围绕凹陷的凹坑130的整体延伸。边缘140提供了表面,增强物100利用该表面与植入物配合,并且也防止凹陷的凹坑130内的固定材料在增强物邻近植入物时离开凹坑130。例如,在某些实施例中,边缘140与植入物的表面进行不透流体的密封。在某些实施例中,不形成不透流体密封的接触仍然可能足以防止固定材料离开凹陷的凹坑130。在边缘140的上部内设置有端口150,其提供到凹陷的凹坑130的通路。
如上文所讨论的,边缘140提供了接触整形外科植入物的那部分内表面120。图1C示出邻近植入物190的图1A的增强物100的侧正视图。增强物100的边缘140与植入物190配合并且被成形为与植入物190的形状互补。边缘140与植入物190进行基本上齐平的接触,这显著地防止凹陷的凹坑130内的固定材料离开凹陷的凹坑130。如上文所讨论的,凹陷的凹坑130可具有任何合适的形状。凹陷的凹坑130也可具有任何合适的深度,其中图1C中描绘的深度130a是凹坑的绝对深度,该深度随着与边缘140的接近程度而变化。凹陷的凹坑130的深度130a与可沉积在凹陷的凹坑130内以将增强物100固结到植入物190的固定材料的量成比例。在某些实施例中,希望提供具有相对大的深度130a的凹陷的凹坑130。例如,凹陷的凹坑的深度(例如,深度130a)可设计成尽可能深,而不牺牲增强物或固定材料的材料强度。合适的深度包括例如约1-10毫米、约2-5毫米或约2-3毫米。
由于边缘140与植入物190基本上齐平地配合,提供了一个或多个端口150以为外科医生提供到凹陷的凹坑130的通路,以便将固定材料注射或以其它方式插入到凹陷的凹坑130中。图1D示出图1C的增强物100的俯视平面图并且描绘了端口150,其设置在边缘140的上部中且从凹陷的凹坑130延伸至上外表面110a。虽然仅示出一个端口150,但将理解,可以设置任何合适数量的端口,并且此外,端口可设置在增强物100的外表面110的任何合适的部分上。例如,虽然端口150示出在上外表面110a上,但备选地或另外地,端口可设置在侧外表面110b和下外表面110c上。
如图1A-1D所示,凹陷的凹坑130延伸超出由端口150形成的开口。特别地,凹陷的凹坑130在侧向于端口150的至少一方向上沿内表面120延伸,如由图1D的箭头144的方向所描绘的。凹陷的凹坑130因此具有不依赖于端口150的尺寸的容积。如图1C和1D所示,凹陷的凹坑130也具有延伸超出由端口150形成的开口的深度130a。
如上文所讨论的,在某些构型中,增强物可包括不止一个端口。图2示出邻近具有多个端口的增强物的植入物的透视图。特别地,图2示出植入物202(在这种情况下为髋臼壳体)和增强物200,增强物200配合到植入物202且具有三个端口212、214、216。端口212、214、216位于上外表面210a上并且延伸穿过增强物200的顶部边缘240。增强物200包括可从端口212、214、216中的任何一个进入的凹陷的凹坑230。提供多个端口为外科医生提供了选项,例如,以使用它们中的任何一个或全部将固定材料注入凹陷的凹坑230内。例如,在某些实施例中,外科医生在其内工作的操作窗口可以是受限的,从而不可进入一个或多个端口。然而,由于提供了三个端口212、214、216,端口中的至少一个可进入,并且外科医生可通过将固定材料注入该端口来填充凹陷的凹坑230。将理解,可以提供任何合适数量的端口。对于具有两个或更多端口的增强物来说,外科医生将具有类似的选项,以便在一个或多个端口由于增强物相对于植入物的某种取向不可进入时使用备选端口。
以上描述适用于髋臼增强物。然而,类似的凹陷的凹坑可应用于膝关节增强物或其它整形外科植入物,其中部件利用诸如骨水泥的固定材料固定在一起。提供多个端口的附加优点在于,外科医生可将固定材料注入端口中的一个并且使用未使用的端口作为充盈计(fill gauge),以在视觉上判断已注入增强物内的固定材料的量。例如,当凹陷的凹坑被固定材料填充时,外科医生可通过向未使用的端口内观看而经该端口观察固定材料。这是有帮助的,因为凹陷的凹坑延伸超出端口的开口。许多端口也为外科医生提供了以任何所需取向放置增强物的选项,在该取向下,至少一个端口可从任何取向进入。
虽然端口212、214、216示出为各自具有基本上相同的几何形状,但将理解,可提供任何合适的几何形状。例如,对于由外科医生用来将固定材料注入增强物的凹陷凹坑内的不同类型的注射器或其它插入装置来说,某些端口几何形状可能是优选的。如图3A所示,端口250可具有通过例如增强物的外表面的直边切口252。图3B显示,端口255可以是渐缩的257,而图3C示出具有渐缩部分262和直边部分264两者以形成漏斗形端口260的端口260。在某些实施例中,端口250、255、260中的任何一个可被构造成包括在上表面处用于与插入装置交接的一体化唇缘。在某些实施例中,端口可包括插入装置配件,以便帮助向凹陷的凹坑内注射固定材料。图3D(母鲁尔锁270,female luer-lock)和图3E(公鲁尔锁275,male luer-lock)中所示的鲁尔锁式配件或图3F中所示的渐缩插塞282可并入端口和外表面中,从而可以使用标准插入装置,而不需要外科医生修改插入装置。插入装置配件(例如,鲁尔锁或插塞)允许产生更大的压力,以有助于固定材料充分地流入增强物和植入物之间的间隙内并加强这两个部件之间的固定。在某些实施例中,插塞和鲁尔锁配件均被使用。例如,如图3F所示,代替将插入装置290直接附连到设置在端口280内的插塞282,使用经由鲁尔锁292联接到插入装置290的延长管294。延长管294防止干涉例如端口280附近的软组织。在某些实施例中,诸如延长管294的延伸构件可具有备选的配件(例如,除鲁尔锁292之外),以用于各种注射器类型或其它插入装置。
除了具有多个端口的增强物的构型之外,在某些构型中,增强物可包括安装构件,例如,凸缘、叶片、钩、板或它们的任何组合,以帮助将增强物安装到植入物、患者的组织或骨、或两者。一旦被定位,安装构件就为增强物提供附加的支撑和/或稳定性。由于在受影响区域(例如,髋关节)中的骨退化、骨损失或骨缺损,安装构件常常是优选的。图4示出具有安装构件360的增强物300的透视图。安装构件360是具有一个或多个螺钉孔362的凸缘,螺钉孔362被构造成接纳诸如骨螺钉的固定构件。在一些实施例中,诸如安装构件360的安装构件可包括常规的螺钉孔、锁定孔、组合孔(combi-hole)或狭槽。该部位可以是带螺纹的、不带螺纹的或局部带螺纹的,并且可以是固定的或多轴向的。在一些实施例中,附连部位可包括允许以各种角度锁定的可变的薄型孔。凸缘安装构件360联接到增强物300的外表面310并从外表面310延伸。
增强物300的内表面320具有与上文结合图1A的增强物100所讨论的类似的特征,例如,至少部分地由边缘340围绕的凹陷的凹坑330以及穿过其中的端口350,端口350提供到凹陷的凹坑330的通路。端口350设置在边缘340的底部340a中,并且延伸至增强物300的下外表面310c。然而,将理解,端口350(或未描绘的附加端口)可设置在边缘的一个或两个侧向侧上或边缘的顶部上,类似于图1A的端口150的位置(例如,沿边缘的顶部340b、邻近安装构件360和螺钉孔362)。此外,在某些实施例中,一个或多个端口可设置在提供到凹陷的凹坑330的通路的外表面310的一部分上,而不穿过边缘340(例如,穿过凹坑的背面)。如图所示,边缘(例如,边缘140和340)基本上环绕凹陷的凹坑的周边,从而提供凹陷的凹坑的周边和内表面的周边。然而,在某些实施例中,边缘可能不完全环绕凹陷的凹坑的周边。例如,增强物可包括多个凹陷的凹坑。
图5A和5B示出具有多个凹陷的凹坑的增强物的透视图。多个凹坑在手术期间为外科医生提供了各种选项。例如,并不是每个凹坑都需要填充固定材料。此外,凹坑可设计成具有不同的相应容积,取决于例如因患者而异或因植入物而异的应用。例如,如图5A中所示,增强物400包括具有凹陷的凹坑430、432、434的内表面420。增强物400的边缘440围绕凹陷的凹坑430、432、434中的每一个的至少一部分设置,但边缘440不完全环绕任何一个凹陷的凹坑430、432、434的周边。例如,边缘440为中心凹陷的凹坑430提供上边界和下边界,并且提供侧面的凹陷的凹坑432的侧边界和侧面的凹陷的凹坑434的侧边界。在相应的凹陷的凹坑之间设置有脊442a和442b。脊442a和442b不延伸到边缘440那么远,并且因此在增强物400被置于植入物附近时不接触植入物(但在某些实施例中脊442a和442b的至少一部分可被构造成接触植入物)。将理解,脊442a和442b可具有任何合适的相应高度。增强物400包括两个端口450和452,其中端口450提供到侧面的凹陷凹坑432的直接通路,并且端口452提供到侧面的凹陷凹坑434的直接通路。虽然没有显示提供到中心凹陷凹坑430的直接通路的端口,但经由端口450、452过度填充侧面的凹陷凹坑432、434中的任一者或两者造成固定材料流过脊442a和442b,从而填充中心凹陷凹坑430。因此,可提供到由脊分离的多个凹陷凹坑的通路,甚至在仅仅一个凹陷的凹坑具有到端口的直接通路的情况下。在某些实施例中,可提供多个凹陷的凹坑,而在凹坑之间没有脊。例如,增强物可设有在凹坑之间的连续和/或平滑部分,或者具有沿内表面420的其它脊或突起,其抓持或以其它方式提供与固定材料联接的不平滑结构。
图5B是上外表面410a的透视图并且提供端口450、452的另一个视图。如在图5B中可看出,例如,端口452被成形为类似于凹陷的凹坑434,并且通过使用脊442a和442b而提供到中心凹陷凹坑430和侧面凹陷凹坑432的间接通路,由此,过度填充侧面的凹陷凹坑434将造成固定材料流到其它凹陷的凹坑430、432。如在图5B中还可看出,边缘440提供抵靠其放置植入物的接触表面,而脊442a和442b相对于边缘440内凹。脊442a和442b不延伸至边缘440那么远,并且不接触植入物,以便允许固定材料从凹坑到凹坑过度填充。例如,如图5C所示,其为沿图5A的线C-C截取的剖视图,增强物400的中心凹陷凹坑430具有相对于边缘440的最大深度,并且位于中心凹陷凹坑430和侧面凹陷凹坑434之间的脊442b相对于边缘440内凹距离d。边缘440和脊442b之间的距离d是固定材料通过其过度填充且从凹坑流到凹坑的区域。脊442b可设置在相对于边缘440内凹的任何合适的距离d处。图5D示出图5A和5B的增强物400的俯视平面图。如图所示,端口450和452设置在上外表面410a上,并且凹陷的凹坑430、432、432中的每一个具有由深度430a、432a和434a描绘的距边缘440的边沿的相应深度。还示出分开相应的凹坑的脊442a和442b。图5D还显示,内表面410的边缘440邻接植入物490,但脊442a和442b为内凹的且不接触植入物490。
如图5A-5D所示,侧面的凹陷凹坑432、434延伸超出由端口450、452形成的开口。特别地,侧面的凹陷凹坑432、434在侧向于端口450、452的至少一个方向上沿内表面420延伸,如由图5D的箭头444的方向所描绘的。中心凹陷凹坑430不具有提供到其的直接通路的端口。凹陷的凹坑430、432、434因此具有不依赖于端口450、452的尺寸的相应容积。如图5C和5D所示,凹陷的凹坑还具有延伸超出由端口450、452形成的开口的深度430a、432a、434a。
图6A和6B示出具有各种表面修饰的增强物500的透视图。所示的增强物500包括至少部分地由边缘540封闭的两个凹陷的凹坑530和532、以及从增强物500延伸的安装凸缘560。在某些实施例中,凹陷的凹坑中的至少一个被构造成接受螺钉。例如,凹陷的凹坑532可被构造成接受螺钉。凹陷的凹坑530和532至少部分地由脊542分开并且分别可通过端口550和552进入。脊542具有不延伸到边缘540的高度那么远的高度,并且因此,当增强物500被邻近诸如植入物490的植入物放置时,脊542不接触植入物。然而,在某些实施例中,脊542可延伸至接触植入物490。例如,脊542可具有等于或大于边缘540的高度的高度。端口550和552示出为加工到边缘540的底部540b内的半圆形或半椭圆形切口。然而,将理解,一个或多个端口可设置在边缘540的侧向侧540a中的任何一个上或在边缘540的底部540b或顶部540c上,例如,作为加工到边缘540中的通孔或切口或呈任何其它合适的形状。此外,在某些实施例中,一个或多个端口可包括在外表面510上,其提供到凹陷的凹坑530和532的通路,而不穿过边缘540。凹陷的凹坑530的内表面530a和边缘540的表面540d在图6A中示出为具有多孔组合物,而凹陷的凹坑532的内表面532a示出为具有糙面精整层。多孔组合物允许更好地粘附到诸如水泥或糊剂的固定材料。多孔组合物可与骨交接以促进骨的向内生长。在某些实施例中,除了边缘540的表面540d之外,内表面530a和532a至少部分地可包括多种不同的表面处理剂、组合物或涂层。例如,增强物500示出在增强物的背面上的延伸至安装凸缘560的多孔组合物、糙面精整层和抛光饰面。
安装凸缘560从增强物500向外延伸且包括六个螺钉孔562,螺钉孔562被构造成接纳诸如骨螺钉的固定构件。在某些实施例中,可包括任何数量的螺钉孔562。如图6A和图6B所示,安装凸缘560包括具有多孔组合物的上表面564和具有抛光饰面的下表面510。多孔上表面564可接纳固定材料,并且抛光的下表面510可被构造成与患者的组织、肌肉、韧带、或骨、或它们的任何组合交接。多孔上表面564优选地构造成与骨交接并促进骨的向内生长。抛光的下表面510优选地构造成与患者的组织、肌肉和/或韧带交接,以防止组织、肌肉和/或韧带与抛光的下表面510之间的相互作用和附连。在某些实施例中,上表面564和下表面510至少部分地可包括各种不同的表面处理剂、组合物或涂层。例如,增强物500示出具有多孔组合物和抛光饰面的安装凸缘560。表面处理剂的任何其它合适组合可在增强物500的各种表面上使用。
本文所述的增强物可由一些材料制成,包括:钛;钴-铬;氧化锆;不锈钢;独石陶瓷或复合陶瓷,例如氧化锆、氧化铝、或其它复合物;或任何其它生物相容性材料或合金,其具有合适的强度、耐磨性等;或它们的任何组合。增强物也可制成为完全多孔或部分多孔的,以允许例如更大的骨向内生长,并且增强物可涂有羟基磷灰石或任何其它骨促进剂或它们的组合。增强物可根据任何一种或多种合适的技术制造,包括例如使用快速制造机械或标准制造机械。
以上仅仅例示了本公开的原理,并且系统、装置和方法可由除所描述之外的实施例实施,提出所描述的实施例是为了例示而不是限制。将理解,本文所公开的系统、装置和方法虽然示出为在髋臼系统中使用,但可应用于在其它外科手术中使用的系统、装置和方法,包括但不限于脊柱关节成形术、颅颌面外科手术、膝关节成形术、肩关节成形术、以及足部、踝关节、手部和肢体手术。
在阅读本公开之后,本领域的技术人员将会想到各种变型和修改形式。所公开的特征可以用本文所描述的一个或多个其它特征以任何组合和子组合(包括多个从属的组合和子组合)实现。上文所描述或示出的各种特征,包括其任何部件,可以结合或集成在其它系统中。此外,某些特征可被省略或不实现。
更改、替换和改型的示例可由本领域技术人员弄清并且可在不脱离本文所公开的信息的范围的情况下进行。本文引用的所有参考文献全文以引用方式并入本申请并且构成本申请的一部分。

Claims (35)

1. 一种整形外科增强物,包括:
外表面,其与患者的组织交接;以及
内表面,其与植入物交接,所述内表面包括:
    凹陷的凹坑,其被构造成接纳固定材料;
    边缘,其围绕所述凹陷的凹坑的至少一部分;和
    在所述边缘中的端口,
其中,所述凹陷的凹坑在侧向于所述端口的至少一个方向上沿所述内表面延伸。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述边缘与所述植入物配合。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述凹陷的凹坑包括由脊分离的第一隔室和第二隔室。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述脊相对于所述边缘凹陷。
5. 根据权利要求1中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述固定材料将所述增强物刚性地固结到所述植入物。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述固定材料为水泥或糊剂。
7. 根据权利要求1中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述端口从所述外表面延伸至所述内表面,从而允许所述固定材料插入所述凹陷的凹坑中。
8. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,还包括第二端口。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述第二端口为定位在所述端口下面的充盈计。
10. 根据权利要求8所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述第二端口具有与所述端口的几何形状不同的几何形状。
11. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述端口包括鲁尔锁配件。
12. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述端口包括插塞。
13. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述端口为渐缩的。
14. 根据权利要求12所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,还包括构造成与插入装置联接的延伸构件。
15. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,还包括凸缘、叶片、钩或板。
16. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述增强物的表面为抛光的、糙面的和多孔的中的至少一种。
17. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述外表面的至少一部分包括抛光饰面。
18. 根据权利要求17所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述外表面还包括糙面精整层或多孔组合物。
19. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的整形外科增强物,其特征在于,所述上表面包括多孔组合物。
20. 一种用于植入整形外科增强物的方法,所述方法包括:
将所述增强物的内表面邻近植入物放置,其中所述内表面包括凹陷的凹坑和端口;以及
将固定材料经由所述端口插入所述增强物的所述凹陷的凹坑中,从而将所述增强物固结到所述植入物。
21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述增强物的内表面还包括多个端口。
22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括使用所述多个端口中的至少一个作为充盈计,由此所述固定材料被注入第一端口,直到经由用作所述充盈计的第二端口观察到所述固定材料。
23. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
选择第一端口,在该第一端口内将所述固定材料注入所述凹陷的凹坑;以及
将所述固定材料注入所述凹陷的凹坑,直到观察到所述固定材料经过第二端口。
24. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定所述增强物相对于所述植入物的优选取向、以及响应于所述确定而选择所述多个端口中的一个以在其内注入所述固定材料。
25. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凹陷的凹坑包括第一隔室和第二隔室。
26. 根据权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述端口靠近所述第一隔室设置。
27. 根据权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将所述固定材料经由所述端口注入所述第一隔室,其中,过量填充所述第一隔室造成所述固定材料流入所述第二隔室。
28. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述固定材料为水泥或糊剂。
29. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述植入物为髋臼壳体或保持架。
30. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述增强物的表面为抛光的、糙面的和多孔的中的至少一种。
31. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述外表面的至少一部分包括抛光的饰面。
32. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述外表面还包括糙面精整层或多孔组合物。
33. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述上表面包括多孔组合物。
34. 一种用于在整形外科手术中使用的套件,所述套件包括:
多个增强物,每一个包括:
    表面,其具有构造成接纳固定材料的凹陷的凹坑、围绕所述凹陷的凹坑的至少一部分的边缘、以及在所述边缘中的端口;
    其中,所述多个增强物中的至少一个具有在所述边缘中的不止一个端口。
35. 一种整形外科增强物,包括:
外表面,其与患者的组织或骨交接;以及
内表面,其与植入物交接,所述内表面包括:
    凹陷的机构,用于接纳固定材料;
    边缘,其围绕所述凹陷的机构的至少一部分;和
    在所述边缘中的进入机构,
其中,所述凹陷的机构在横向于所述进入机构的至少一个方向上沿所述内表面延伸。
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