CN104115426A - 利用蓝牙信号特性的媒体曝光链接 - Google Patents

利用蓝牙信号特性的媒体曝光链接 Download PDF

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CN104115426A
CN104115426A CN201280069886.4A CN201280069886A CN104115426A CN 104115426 A CN104115426 A CN 104115426A CN 201280069886 A CN201280069886 A CN 201280069886A CN 104115426 A CN104115426 A CN 104115426A
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media data
signal strength
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CN104115426B (zh
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A·詹
J·斯塔夫罗普洛斯
A·诺伊豪泽尔
W·林奇
V·库兹涅佐夫
J·克里斯特尔
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Nielsen Co US LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/535—Tracking the activity of the user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/51—Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0245—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal according to signal strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

一种计算机实施的用于为计算机处理装置建立媒体数据曝光的方法，其中，在计算机处理装置中接收媒体数据。该计算机处理装置在接收媒体数据时，使用蓝牙连接将其自己与多个便携式计算装置配对。对于已配对的多个便携式计算装置中的每一个，在计算机处理装置中建立蓝牙连接的信号强度特性。每个信号强度特性然后与接收到的媒体数据关联以确定在计算机处理装置中接收到媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的。

Description

利用蓝牙信号特性的媒体曝光链接
技术领域
本公开涉及一种基于处理器的受众分析。更具体地，本公开描述了用于将蓝牙信号的特性与研究数据组合以对装置和它们与媒体消费相关的相伴用户进行标识和特征化。
背景技术
蓝牙是一种协议开放无线技术标准，其用于在相对于固定和移动装置的较短距离上交换数据，以高等级的安全性创建个人局域网络。蓝牙使用所谓的跳频扩展频谱的无线电技术，其对被发送的数据进行划分并且将其各部分在2400-2483.5 MHz(对于防护频带来说允许的)的范围内的最多79个频带(优选地以2402至2480 MHz为中心，均为1MHz)上进行发送。该范围处于全球免执照的工业科学医疗(ISM)2.4 GHz短程无线电频带中。可以使用高斯频移键控(GFSK)调制，然而，例如在兼容设备之间也可以使用诸如π/4-DQPSK和8DPSK调制的更先进的技术。利用GFSK工作的装置被称为在其中允许1 Mbit/s的瞬时数据速率的“基本传输速率”(BR)模式中操作。使用“增强数据传输速率”(EDR)来描述分别提供2和3 Mbit/s的π/4-DQPSK和8DPSK方案。蓝牙无线电技术中的这些(BR和EDR)模式的组合被分类为“BR/EDR无线电”。
蓝牙是具有主从结构的基于分组的协议。一个主机可以在微微网中与最多7个从机通信，在所述微微网中，所有装置优选地共享主机的时钟。分组交换基于由主机限定的基础时钟，其可以以312.5μs间隔进行记录。在单时隙分组的简单示例中，主机在偶数时隙中发送并且在奇数时隙中接收；相反地，从机在偶数时隙中接收并且在奇数时隙中发送。分组的长度可以是1个时隙、3个时隙或5个时隙，但是在所有情况下，主机将在偶数时隙中开始发送并且从机在奇数时隙中发送。
蓝牙提供了一种安全的方式来在诸如传真机、移动电话、电话、膝上机、个人计算机、打印机、全球定位系统(GPS)接收器、数字相机和视频游戏控制台的装置之间进行连接并且交换信息。在任何时间都能够在主机和一个其它装置之间传输数据。主机可以选择将定位哪个从装置并且可以以循环的方式从一个装置快速切换到另一装置。在计算机处理器的领域中，蓝牙通常用于操作地将装置链接到计算机处理器。在其它情况下，在被使能的装置处于特定附近范围内时，蓝牙信号用于“解锁”计算机处理器。
在媒体曝光追踪和网络分析的领域中需要进行改进。目前，蓝牙在该领域中已经得到了相对广泛的使用。需要的是用于与媒体曝光数据结合地利用蓝牙信号特性来产生准确地对装置及其相关用户进行标识和特征化的研究数据的方法、系统和设备。
发明内容
因此，公开了一种用于计算机实施的技术的设备、系统和方法，其用于为计算机处理装置建立媒体数据曝光，其中，在计算机处理装置中接收媒体数据，该计算机处理装置在接收媒体数据时，使用蓝牙连接将其自己与多个便携式计算装置(例如，智能电话、PPMTM、平板电脑、膝上机等等)配对。对于已配对的多个便携式计算装置中的每一个，在计算机处理装置中建立蓝牙连接的信号强度特性。每个信号强度特性然后与接收到的媒体数据关联以确定在计算机处理装置中接收到媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的。曝光数据包括cookie、日志文件和页面标志中的至少一种，而媒体数据包括音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、网页和流媒体中的至少一种。蓝牙连接的信号强度特性包括接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值、传输功率等级(TPL)值和链路质量(LQ)值中的至少一种。
在另一实施方式中，开了一种用于计算机实施的技术的设备、系统和方法，其用于为计算机处理装置建立媒体数据曝光。媒体曝光数据被与在计算机处理装置中接收的媒体数据关联地存储，并且与在接收媒体数据时计算机处理装置使用蓝牙连接与多个便携式计算装置配对的配对数据关联地存储。对于已配对的多个便携式计算装置中的每一个接收蓝牙连接的信号强度特性，并且将每个信号强度特性与接收的媒体数据关联以确定在计算机处理装置中接收到媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的。曝光数据包括cookie、日志文件和页面标志中的至少一种，而媒体数据包括音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、网页和流媒体中的至少一种。蓝牙连接的信号强度特性包括接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值、传输功率等级(TPL)值和链路质量(LQ)值中的至少一种。
附图说明
以示例方式例示本发明，并且本发明不限于附图中的图，其中相同的附图标记表示类似的元件，其中：
图1示出了一个实施方式中的示例性系统，其中，媒体数据被从网络提供到多个便携式装置附近的处理装置；
图2示出了图1的实施方式中用于通信的示例性蓝牙协议栈；
图3示出了示例性服务发现处理；
图4示出了用于所连接的装置的示例性认证机制；
图5是用于监视RSSI蓝牙信号特性的示例性流程图；以及
图6示出了用于曝光于多个装置中的一个或多个的多个媒体数据的示例性媒体曝光表。
具体实施方式
图1例示示例性系统100，该示例性系统100包括计算机处理装置101和位于处理装置101附近的多个便携式计算装置(102-104)。在该示例中，处理装置101被例示为个人计算机，而便携式计算装置102-104被例示为支持蓝牙的蜂窝电话。本领域技术人员应理解的是，也可以使用其它类似的装置。例如，处理装置101也可以是膝上型计算机、计算机平板、机顶盒、媒体播放器、支持网络(network-enabled)的电视或DVD播放器等。便携式计算装置102-104也可以是膝上型计算机、PDA、平板计算机、个人人员计量仪(Personal People MetersTM(PPM))、无线电话等。
在优选实施方式中，计算机处理装置101经由网络110连接到内容源125以获得媒体数据。这里使用的术语“媒体数据”和“媒体”意思是如下数据，该数据可广泛接触，不管是无线地还是经由线缆、卫星、网络、互联网络(包括互联网)、显示、在存储介质上分发的，还是通过人类可想到的任何其它手段或技术，而与这样的数据的形式或内容无关，并且这样的数据包括但不限于音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、动画、数据库、广播、显示(包括但不限于视频显示)、网页和流媒体。当在计算机处理装置101上接收到媒体时，在计算机处理装置101上的分析软件收集与从内容源125接收到的媒体数据相关的信息，并且另外地可以收集与网络110相关的数据。
与媒体数据相关的数据可以包括“cookie”(也已知为HTTP cookie)，其能够提供来自用户的浏览器的状态信息(之前事件的记忆)，并且将该状态信息返回到收集站点，收集站点可以是内容源125或收集站点121或这两者。状态信息能够用于识别用户会话、认证、用户偏好、购物车内容或者能够通过在用户的计算机上存储文本数据而完成的其它事件。当设置了cookie时，诸如网页这样的内容的传输遵循超文本传输协议(HTTP)。不管cookie如何，浏览器通过发送HTTP请求来从网络服务器请求页面。服务器通过发送前面是文本的类似分组(similar packet)的所请求页面来进行答复(所谓的“HTTP响应”)。该分组可以包含请求浏览器存储cookie的行。服务器仅在服务器希望浏览器存储cookie的情况下发送Set-Cookie的行。如果浏览器支持cookie并且启用cookie，则Set-Cookie是如下指令，其用于浏览器存储cookie并且将其在未来的请求中发回给服务器(经受超时或其它cookie属性)。能够通过响应于页面请求而发送新的Set-Cookie:name＝newvalue行来修改cookie的值。浏览器然后将旧的值替换为新的值。cookie也能够由在浏览器中运行的JavaScript或其它脚本来设置。在JavaScript中，为此目的使用对象document.cookie。
能够使用各种cookie属性：cookie域、路径、超时或最大生存期(maximum age)、“secure”标志和“HTTPOnly”标志。cookie属性可以由浏览器使用，以确定何时删除cookie、阻挡cookie或者是否将cookie(名称值对)发送给收集站点121或内容站点125。关于特定“cookie”，可以使用会话cookie，会话cookie通常仅持续用户使用网站的持续时间。网络浏览器通常在其退出时删除会话cookie。当在创建cookie时没有提供expires指令时创建会话cookie。在另一实施方式中，可以使用永久cookie(或“跟踪cookie(tracking cookie)”、“存取器中cookie”)，其可以比用户会话长久。如果永久cookie具有其设置为1年的Max-Age，那么，在该年内，在该cookie中设置的初始值将在每次用户访问服务器时发回到该服务器。这能够用于记录诸如用户如何最初来到该网站这样的信息。而且，当浏览器经由HTTPS访问服务器时可以使用安全cookie，其确保cookie在从客户端发送到服务器时始终被加密。也可以使用HTTPOnly。在支持的浏览器上，可以使用HTTPOnly会话cookie来通信HTTP(或HTTPS)请求，从而限制来自其它非HTTP API(例如，JavaScript)的访问。该特征可以有利地应用于会话管理cookie。
往回参考图1的示例，在处理装置101上接收媒体数据。在接收到媒体数据时，便携计算装置102-104处于附近，并且被构造为与处理装置101建立蓝牙通信(“配对”)。在建立了蓝牙通信之后，处理装置101从每个便携计算装置收集蓝牙信号特性。在优选实施方式中，蓝牙信号特性涉及蓝牙连接的状态参数以及在蓝牙核心规定中可用的任何其它信号强度值。主机控制器接口(HCI)(下面将进行详细描述)提供了对于三个这样的连接状态参数的访问，这三个连接状态参数包括链路质量(LQ)、接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)和传输功率等级(TPL)。所有这些状态参数要求激活的蓝牙连接的建立，以便于进行测量。也可以替代地使用另外的信号参数(称为“利用RSSI的查询结果”)，其中，该参数从由其附近的装置发送的响应获取RSSI。
简要地，链路质量(LQ)是评估接收器处的获得的链路质量的8位无符号整数。其从0至255，其中，值越大，链路的状态越好。对于大多数蓝牙模块来说，从在接收器处看到的平均比特误差率(BER)来获得该链路质量，并且在接收分组时持续地更新该链路质量。接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)是8位有符号整数，其表示接收(RX)功率级别并且可以进一步表示级别处于黄金接收功率范围(GRPR)(其被视为理想的RX功率范围)内还是以上/以下。作为简化示例，当存在多径传播时，基于视线(LOS)场强度和反射信号强度来生成RSSI，其中，整体强度与电磁波的E场的大小成比例。因此，当存在最小反射干扰时，可以通过20 log(LOS+RS)来确定RSSI，其中，LOS是视线信号强度并且RS是反射信号。当引入反射干扰时，RSSI变为20 log(LOS-RS)。
传输功率级别(TPL)是描述蓝牙模块的传输功率级别(以dBm为单位)的8位有符号整数。虽然存在发送器将使用其装置专用默认功率设置来发起查询或答复查询的情况，但是其TPL可以由于可能的功率控制而在连接期间变化。“利用RSSI的查询结果”以与通常的查询类似的方式工作。除了通常通过正常的查询获取的其它参数(例如，蓝牙装置地址、时钟偏移)之外，还提供RSSI值。由于不要求活动的连接，因此无线电层仅监视来自附近装置的当前查询响应的RX功率级别，并且推断对应的RSSI。
对于系统100来说，可以从直流电压控制振荡器(VCO)调制向以最终射频(RF)混合的IQ进行传输。在接收器中，使用与模数转换组合的IQ下转换或传统的频率鉴别器。用于便携计算装置102-104和处理装置101中的每一个的蓝牙配置包括无线电单元、基带链路控制单元和链路管理软件。还包括着重于互操作性特性和功能的高级软件应用。增强数据传输速率(EDR)功能也可以用于并入相移键控(PSK)调制方案以实现2或3 Mb/s的数据速率。由于增加了带宽使得在同一连接上使用多个装置的可能性变大。由于EDR的占空比减少，因此，与标准的蓝牙链路相比，功耗更低。
如上所述，处理装置101从各便携计算装置(102-104)收集蓝牙信号特性。同时，处理装置101配备有软件，该软件允许其测量给定时间段(例如，网络浏览会话)期间的媒体数据曝光以产生研究数据。这里使用的表述“研究数据”表示下述数据，其包括(1)关于媒体数据的使用的数据、(2)关于对于媒体数据的曝光的数据和/或(3)市场研究数据。在优选实施方式中，当处理装置101检测到媒体数据活动时，其触发计时器任务以运行预定时间段(例如，X分钟)直到活动结束。这时，执行已配对装置的发现以定位每个已配对的装置。优选地，每个装置的UID是预先已知的。对于每个发现的且配对的装置来说，处理装置101记录用于连接的每个蓝牙信号特性直到会话结束。之后，对于每个装置收集的信号特性以及为会话获得的研究数据被转发给收集服务器121以进行进一步的处理和/或分析。收集服务器121可以进一步通信地耦接到服务器120，其可以被配置为提供进一步的处理和/或分析，生成报告，将内容提供回处理装置101、以及其它功能。当然，根据设计者的要求和需要，这些功能能够容易地并入到收集服务器121中。
继续图1的示例，便携计算装置102和103被示出为在媒体会话期间配对并连接到处理装置101。在连接的状态下，收集便携计算装置102和103的蓝牙信号特性(LQ、RSSI、TPL)。装置103在之前与处理装置101配对，但是处于处理装置101的通信范围之外，并且因此不能够连接。根据使用的特性，具有最佳特性的便携计算装置(102，102)被登记为离处理装置101最近，并且便携装置的用户归为暴露于媒体数据。
因此，如果使用RSSI信号强度，则对于每个装置或不同的MAC收集平均RSSI值，并且将检测到接近。在会话期间的最强的平均RSSI值将确定最近的装置(装置102)。在另一实施方式中，所收集的平均RSSI值可以与来自学习值的平均值进行比较以确定最近的装置。使用各装置RSSI值与为每个装置学习的学习值之间的距离来计算平均距离。在该示例中，可以获取多个采样(x1、x2、x3、x4、x5)，其中，学习值包含用于每个装置的多个元组；每个元组将包含对应数目的学习RSSI值(x1’、x2’、x3’、x4’、x5’)。对于每个元组，根据下式来计算平均距离。
( x 1 ′ - x 1 ) 2 + ( x 2 ′ - x 2 ) 2 + ( x 3 ′ - x 3 ) 2 + ( x 4 ′ - x 4 ) 2 + ( x 5 ′ - x 5 ) 2
在另一实施方式中，可以处理多个蓝牙信号特性(例如，LQ和RSSI)以确定接近。
图2示出了图1的实施方式中用于通信的示例性蓝牙协议栈。一般来说，从硬件和固件实施(下层)到软件实施(上层)的转换。如果层的这些组中的每一个是分离的实体(例如，PC卡和膝上计算机)，则它们能够通过主机控制接口213(HCI)彼此通信，该HCI提供了蓝牙模块与主机之间的数据、音频和控制信号的路径。
无线电210通过为双向通信提供发送器和接收器来完成物理层。数据分组由基带/链路控制器211组装并馈送给无线电210。链路控制器211提供了更复杂的状态操作，例如，待机、连接和低功率模式。基带和链路控制器功能被组合到一层中以与蓝牙规定中的处理一致。链路管理器212通过被称为链路管理协议(LMP)的低级语言来提供链路控制和配置。
逻辑链路控制与适配协议(L2CAP)214建立在能够保持追踪诸如多文件传输的若干瞬时会话的主机之间建立虚拟通道。L2CAP 214还获得应用数据并且将其划分为蓝牙大小的部分以便于传输，并且对于接收的数据则相反地执行该过程。射频通信(RFCOMM)215是蓝牙串行端口仿真器，并且其主要目的在于“欺骗”应用220认为存在有线串行端口来替代RF链路。最终，不同蓝牙使用模块所需的各种软件程序允许驻留应用220使用蓝牙。这些包括服务发现协议(SDP)219、对象交换(OBEX)216、电话控制协议规范(TCS)218和无线应用协议(WAP)217。蓝牙无线电210和基带/链路控制器211由通常可作为一个或两个集成电路的硬件构成。基于固件的链路管理器212和主机控制器接口213的一端或许利用总线驱动器来链接到主机，完成了图2中所示的蓝牙模块。协议的剩余部分和HCI 213的主机端能够在主机自己上以软件来实施。
图3示出了利用使用各基带层(320，321)的“装置A”310和“装置B”320的示例性蓝牙发现处理。这里，装置A 310初始化服务发现，而装置B 311建立通信以便于使其能够被发现。可以使用根据每个装置中存储的访问简档的服务发现应用来辅助该处理。
初始化链接处理312开始于在装置之间查询和寻呼，以便于建立微微网。在图3中，装置A 310被配置为预期的从机(p-从)并且装置B 311是预期的主机(p-主)。作为p-主，装置B 311必须将其跳频同步(FHS)分组发送给装置A 310，使得后者能够使用与主机使用的相同跳频序列和相位。优选地，使用预定的跳频序列或序列组来进行寻呼和查询。为了进行查询，p-主可能不知道附近的装置，因此所有装置使用单个公共跳频序列(一个序列用于发送查询并且另一序列用于的应答该查询)来进行初始的装置发现。应答查询的p-从发送其FHS分组，在该FHS分组中是其蓝牙装置地址(BD_ADDR)。现在p-主能够基于BD_ADDR来创建新的跳频序列以发送接下来的寻呼以与该p-从建立微微网。
由装置发送和应答的查询通常被以装置专用默认功率设置来发送。结果，诸如通过查询收集的RSSI的信号特性相对与功率控制的副作用无关。因此，查询获取的RSSI可以提供比基于连接的RSSI更精细的测量。
为了建立信道313，可以由装置的BD_ADDR的下28位来确定跳频信道组和通过信道组的跳频序列，并且可以通过CLK的27个最高有效位来确定跳频相位。这两个值被发送给跳频生成器，并且该生成器的输出被发送到蓝牙无线电的频率合成器。为了建立通信，装置A和B应使用同一跳频信道、从信道到信道的同一跳频序列以及同一相位，从而它们能够一起跳频。而且，一个装置应该发送而另一装置在同一频率上接收并且反之亦然。多个跳频序列和周期被配置为覆盖查询、寻呼和链路活动性。这些包括信道跳频序列(channel hop sequence)(用于主机与从机之间的正常的微微网通信)、寻呼跳频序列(page hop sequence)(由p-主使用来将寻呼发送给特定的p-从并且对于该从机的答复进行响应)、寻呼响应序列(page response sequence)(由p-从使用来对p-主的寻呼进行响应)、查询跳频序列(inquiry hop sequence)(由p-主使用来发送查询以发现范围内的蓝牙装置)以及查询响应序列(inquiry responsesequence)(由p-从使用来对p-主的查询进行响应)。
服务发现314用于获取建立传输服务或使用场景所要求的信息，并且还可以用于访问装置并且获取其能力或者访问特定应用并且发现支持该应用的装置。获取能力要求寻呼装置并且形成异步无连接链路(ACL)以获取想要的信息，访问应用包括链接到经由查询发现的若干装置并且从其获取信息。因此，服务发现可以用于浏览特定装置上的服务，搜索并发现基于想要的属性的服务，和/或渐进地搜索装置的服务列表以限制交换的数据量。具有协议服务复用器(PSM)的L2CAP信道用于服务相关信息的交换。服务发现能够具有客户端和服务器实施，在任一个装置上最多有一个服务发现服务器。然而，如果装置仅是客户端，则其不需要具有服务发现服务器。每个服务优先地在装置的SOP数据库中列出为具有唯一的ServiceRecordHandle的服务记录，并且服务记录的每个属性被给予属性ID和属性值。属性包括与服务记录相关联的各种分类、描述符和名称。在服务发现完成之后，信道被释放315。
图4示出了示例性认证配置400，其中，蓝牙配对服务415将API呼叫发送给蓝牙协议栈410并且接收返回的配对事件。蓝牙协议栈410将API呼叫发送给蓝牙助手服务/功能411，其从蓝牙配对服务415接收发现使能信号(查询、寻呼扫描)。用于配对服务415的蓝牙配对信息被从持久性/设置管理器413和已配对装置列表412通信，该已配对装置列表412优选地从系统注册表414获取信息。蓝牙配对服务415将信息转发给装置应用417，并且可以进一步获取简档服务416并且将其通信到应用417。
认证处理对链接的另一端的装置的身份进行验证。验证器查询申请提出方并且检查其回应；如果正确，则认证成功。认证能够用于在认证成功时授权对于所有服务、服务的子集或某些服务的访问，但是对于进一步的服务要求基于客户端装置处的某些用户输入的额外的认证。最后的条目通常是在应用层实施的。对于蓝牙配对服务415来说，当它们以同一PIN开始并且生成同一链路密钥并且然后使用该密钥认证至少当前通信会话时，这两个装置变为配对。会话能够在L2CAP链路(对于Mode 2加密)的有效期间存在或者在ACL链路(对于Mode 3加密)的有效期间存在。如果两个装置已经具有相同的存储的PIN(它们能够从其获得相同的链路密钥以进行认证)，则能够通过自动的认证处理来进行配对。替选地，一个或两个应用能够询问它们各自的用户以进行手动的PIN输入。一旦装置被配对，则它们能够存储它们的链路密钥以在后续的认证中使用或者丢弃它们并且每次连接时重复配对过程。如果链路密钥被存储，则装置被“绑定”，允许在将来使用同一链路密钥来进行认证而无需用户再次输入PIN。“信任”的概念应用于授权装置访问另一装置的某些服务。受信任的装置是之前被认证，并且基于该认证，该受信任的装置具有访问各种服务的授权。不受信任的装置可以是被认证的，但是例如，在授权访问服务之前，需要进一步的动作，例如利用密码的用户干预。而且，可以使用加密来进一步增强连接的安全性。
图5公开了用于利用上述蓝牙信号特性将曝光链接到媒体数据的一个示例性处理。在开始，开始网络会话520，其触发附近的装置510的蓝牙配对。一旦配对，初始地接收蓝牙信号特性511(“BSig”)。在装置已经被配对和/或绑定的情况下，处理开始获取蓝牙信号特性511。之后，运行512发现处理以获取用于传输服务或使用场景的信息，并且还可以用于访问装置并且获取其能力或者获取特定应用并且发现能够支持该应用的装置。在一个实施方式中，使用计时器用于媒体数据曝光，其中，可以对于特定时间段设置计时器，或者可以交替地设置并使用计时器以与网络会话或其它事件对应。当计时器513结束时，处理在517结束。否则，处理前进至514，其中，对配对进行验证以确保蓝牙装置没有移动到范围之外或者否则对连接进行协调(compromise)。如果配对验证产生的否定结果，则处理在时间段经由512继续寻找装置。如果配对验证是肯定的，则在测量(513)期间记录515并存储516蓝牙信号特性。应理解的是，BSig块515可以包括接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值、传输功率级别(TPL)值和/或链路质量(LQ)值。
理解的是，上述示例仅是示例，并且不意在以任何方式进行限制。在替选实施方式中，可以对蓝牙信号强度进行近似以确定距离。如上所述，RSSI值提供了接收信号强度与被称为“黄金接收功率秩(golden receiver power rank)”的最优接收器功率秩。黄金接收器功率秩由两个阈值限制。下阈值可以由对于接收器的实际灵敏度的6dB的偏移限定。该值的最大值被预定为-56dBm。上阈值可以是下阈值以上20dB，其中，上阈值的准确性为大约±6dB。其中，S被指派为接收信号强度，S的值由下式确定：(1)S＝RSSI+TU，对于RSSI＞0的情况以及(2)S＝RSSI-TL，对于RSSI＜0的情况，其中，TU＝TL+20DdB。这里，TU是指上阈值，并且TL是指下阈值。蓝牙黄金接收器的定义将RSSI的测量限制为距离。为了测量信号的最唯一的特性，应仅考虑导致RSSI的正范围的测量用于函数近似。可以通过选择通过确定并且最小化信号强度测量的至少平方和的参数给出的最佳拟合函数来计算近似。
关于媒体数据曝光测量，优选实施方式在计算机处理装置上收集研究数据，将其与收集的蓝牙信号特性关联，并且(a)将研究数据和蓝牙信号特性发送给远程服务器(例如，收集服务器121)以进行处理，(b)在计算机处理装置自身中执行研究数据和蓝牙信号特性的处理并且将结果通信给远程服务器，或(c)在计算机处理装置和远程服务器之间分发研究数据和蓝牙信号特性的关联/处理。
在另一实施方式中，一个或多个远程服务器负责收集关于媒体数据曝光的研究数据。当从计算机处理装置接收到蓝牙信号特性时，信号特性被与研究数据关联(例如，使用时间戳)并且进行处理。该实施方式在远程媒体数据曝光技术用于产生研究数据时是特别有利的。一种被称为“日志文件分析”的技术读取其中网络服务器记录其所有事务的日志文件。另一种被称为“页面加标签”的技术在每个页面上使用JavaScript来在该页面被网络浏览器渲染时通知第三方服务器。这两种技术都收集数据，该数据被与蓝牙信号特性一起处理以产生网络流量报告。在某些情况下，使用第三方数据收集服务器(或甚至内部数据收集服务器)收集网站数据要求利用用户的计算机的额外的DNS查找以确定收集服务器的IP地址。作为日志文件分析和页面加标签的替选方案，可以使用从所渲染的页面向服务器的“回呼”来产生研究数据。在该情况下，当页面被在网络浏览器上渲染时，Ajax代码调用给服务器(XMLHttpRequest)并且传输能够然后被聚集的客户端的信息。
转向图6，示出了利用蓝牙信号特性的报告的示例性部分，其中，在计算机处理装置(COMP1)上接收五个不同种类的媒体数据(媒体1-媒体5)。这时，四个便携计算装置(装置1-装置4)或者在之前与计算装置配对过，或者在接收五个媒体数据的媒体会话期间主动地与计算装置配对。图6中的表的主体由对于每个装置收集的信号强度(例如，平均RSSI)构成。在该示例中，装置1在会话中具有最小的连接(020)或者完全不具有连接(000)，并且因此被认为没有暴露于任何媒体数据。装置2被测量为对于媒体1和媒体5具有最强信号强度(分别为0127和124)，并且因此被视为暴露于媒体数据。在装置2被测量为对于媒体2和媒体3与计算机处理装置接近时，装置3被测量为具有最强信号强度(100和110)，并且因此装置3被评定为暴露于媒体数据。类似地，装置4被在接收媒体4时测量为具有最强信号强度，并且因此被评定为具有媒体曝光。在一个实施方式中，能够实施阈值媒体强度以减少确定媒体曝光中的“错误确定”的可能性。在该示例中，如果在便携计算装置附近检测到三个装置，但是信号强度没有充分地足够高，则没有装置被评定为暴露于媒体数据。
虽然在前面的详细描述中已经示出至少一个示例实施方式，但是应当理解的是，存在大量的变形例。还应理解的是，这里描述的(单个/多个)示例实施方式不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围、适应性或构造。相反地，前面的详细描述将为本领域技术人员提供用于实施所描述的(单个/多个)实施方式的方便且有益的指导。应当理解的是，在不偏离本发明及其法定等同物的范围的情况下，能够对元件的功能和布置作出各种改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种计算机实施的方法，所述方法用于为计算机处理装置建立媒体数据曝光，所述方法包括下述步骤：
在所述计算机处理装置中接收媒体数据；
当接收媒体数据时使用蓝牙连接将所述计算机处理装置与多个便携计算装置配对；
对于已配对的多个便携计算装置中的每一个，在所述计算机处理装置中建立所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性；
将每个信号强度特性与所接收的媒体数据关联以确定在所述计算机处理装置中接收所述媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述媒体数据包括音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、网页和流媒体中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法进一步包括收集与所述媒体数据相关的曝光数据的步骤，其中，所述曝光数据包括cookie、日志文件和页面标签中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性包括至少一个接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性进一步包括传输功率级别(TPL)值和链路质量(LQ)值中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：通过在接收媒体数据的时间期间在所述计算机处理装置中对每个便携计算装置的RSSI值进行平均来生成整体信号强度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，对于接收媒体数据时具有最强信号强度特性的便携计算装置给予媒体曝光评定。
8.一种计算机实施的方法，所述方法用于建立媒体数据曝光，所述方法包括下述步骤：
接收与在计算机处理装置中接收的媒体数据相关的媒体曝光数据；
接收与所述计算机处理装置和多个便携计算装置之间进行的蓝牙连接相关的多个信号强度特性数据；
将各信号强度特性与所接收的媒体数据关联以确定在所述计算机处理装置中接收媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述媒体数据包括音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、网页和流媒体中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法进一步包括收集与所述媒体数据相关的曝光数据的步骤，其中，所述曝光数据包括cookie、日志文件和页面标签中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性包括至少一个接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值。
12.根据权利要求11所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性进一步包括传输功率级别(TPL)值和链路质量(LQ)值中的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求11所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：通过在接收媒体数据的时间期间在所述计算机处理装置中对每个便携计算装置的RSSI值进行平均来生成整体信号强度。
14.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，对于接收媒体数据时具有最强信号强度特性的便携计算装置给予媒体曝光评定。
15.一种计算机实施的方法，所述方法用于为计算机处理装置建立媒体数据曝光，所述方法包括下述步骤：
存储与在所述计算机处理装置中接收的媒体数据相关的媒体曝光数据；
接收与当接收媒体数据时所述计算机处理装置使用蓝牙连接与多个便携计算装置进行的配对相关的配对数据；
对于已配对的多个便携计算装置中的每一个，在所述计算机处理装置中处理蓝牙连接的信号强度特性；
将每个信号强度特性与所接收的媒体数据关联以确定在所述计算机处理装置中接收所述媒体数据时哪个信号强度特性是最强的；以及
将最强的信号强度特性与所述媒体曝光数据关联。
16.根据权利要求15所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述媒体数据包括音频、视频、音频/视频、文本、图像、网页和流媒体中的至少一种。
17.根据权利要求15所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法进一步包括收集与所述媒体数据相关的曝光数据的步骤，其中，所述曝光数据包括cookie、日志文件和页面标签中的至少一种。
18.根据权利要求15所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性包括至少一个接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)值。
19.根据权利要求18所述的计算机实施的方法，其中，所述蓝牙连接的信号强度特性进一步包括传输功率级别(TPL)值和链路质量(LQ)值中的至少一种。
20.根据权利要求18所述的计算机实施的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：通过在接收媒体数据的时间期间在所述计算机处理装置中对每个便携计算装置的RSSI值进行平均来生成整体信号强度。
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