Mobile satellite communication antenna polarization tracking and tracking system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polarization tracking method of mobile-satellite/microwave communication antenna and tracking system, specifically
It is related to polarization isolation based on satellite antenna to perform control to track and to the method and system of satelloid.
Background technology
Communication in moving is the abbreviation of " ground satellite station communication system on the move ".By communication in moving system, vehicle, steamer,
The mobile carrier such as aircraft in motion process can the platform such as real-time tracking satellite, voice, data, image etc. are transmitted incessantly
Multimedia messages, the need for the multimedia communication under various military-civil emergency communications and mobile condition can be met.
For fixed satellite communication system, the key link of mobile satellite communication system be full-automatic satellite with
Track communication antenna (full-automatic Satellite Tracking communication antenna is commonly called as " communication in moving " antenna).Such a antenna needs to have during exercise certainly
The ability of dynamic Satellite Tracking alignment, therefore, after such a antenna is installed, satellite antenna can keep pair of satellite during exercise
Standard, so that satellite communication system keeps continual communication capacity during exercise.
The ability of tracking of full-automatic Satellite Tracking communication antenna is generally embodied in tracking/holding to following four physical quantity
On, the physical quantity of this four tracking/holdings is respectively:Azimuth, the angle of pitch, roll angle, polarizing angle.That is, full-automatic
Satellite tracking antenna system should have keeps the azimuth relative to satellite, the angle of pitch, roll angle, polarization in carrier movement
The constant ability in angle.
For current full-automatic Satellite Tracking communication antenna, due in antenna azimuth, the angle of pitch, roll angle dynamic
Possess the sensor and tracking and controlling method of maturation in terms of measurement, therefore, big multiaerial system can be with azimuthal, pitching
The physical parameters such as angle, roll angle carry out accurate Dynamic Closed Loop tracking and control.But, for the polarisation angles of antenna, by
Track and keep in the dynamic of no preferable antenna polarization parameter dynamic measurement method so far, therefore antenna polarization angle, always
It is the problem in an engineering.This is also that up to now, antenna for satellite communication in motion is difficult to meet satellite companies' networking is required one always
Individual main cause.
Much research and practice are carried out in this field in recent years, but study and put into practice foundation mostly in following two methods
On:
1st, satellite fix supplementary inertial measuring method
Using inertia measurement and satellite positioning device, motion/angular displacement and position to carrier carry out dynamic accurate survey
Amount, system by the orientation measured, pitching, roll angularly and displacement, by the kinematics model and antenna of foundation,
Coordinate Transformation Models between carrier are calculated, and calculate corresponding polarizing angle departure, then via servo-drive system to polarization angular displacement
Amount is adjusted, and finally realizes the dynamic tracking of polarizing angle and controls.Such a tracking is widely used in automatically at present
(see patent document 1) among the equipment of Satellite Tracking communications antenna system.
Because such a tracking and controlling method polarizing angle not to antenna or polarization angle error carry out direct measurement, because
This this method is actually a kind of indirect polarizing angle tracking, i.e., using the orientation measured, pitching, roll angularly
And displacement calculates a kind of method of polarizing angle regulated quantity.Due to direct measurement and feedback control can not be carried out to polarizing angle and error
System, from control theory for, such a method still falls within a kind of polarizing angle open-loop control method.The basis that such a method is implemented
Dependent on the inertia measurement to attitude of carrier and the positioning to carrier, and " drift " that inertia system is produced with the time is difficult to keep away
Exempt from, this causes the measurement error of system to increase with the increase of use time, it is final to occur tracking " failure ".This tracking " is lost
Imitate " although the generation of " failure " can be postponed using more accurate inertial measurement system, or by error to a certain degree
On be controlled/calibrate.But because inertial measuring unit is extremely expensive, the cost price paid often makes one forbidding.Cause
This, it is always not ideal enough in polarization tracking performance and cost using the antenna system of this tracking.
2nd, satellite signal strength measuring method
The alignment that satellite antenna polarization angle is adjusted using the intensity of satellite-signal be another conventional polarization alignment/
Matching process.Theoretically, satellite antenna is in the case of the alignment/matching that polarizes, and signal will obtain best reception,
Now, the intensity of satellite-signal is also most strong.But, the presence and satellite-signal due to external interference signals are in transmitting procedure
Depolarisation effect, usually make it that the most strong angle of signal measured is exactly not necessarily correct polarisation angles.It is additionally, since antenna
Principle, Antenna Design, antenna manufacture, the various reasons on signal measurement so that satellite signal strength can not very sensitively
Reflect the change of antenna polarization angle.Therefore, carry out polarization tracking using such a method and often bring larger polarizing angle
With error.
The subject matter of approach described above is can not to carry out introspection to polarizing angle or polarization angle error in antenna
In the case of, it has to calculated indirectly, because calculating that the relation between the physical quantity used and polarizing angle is excessively indirect,
Or it is not sensitive enough, adding the polarizing angle extrapolated or polarizing angle departure finally can not measure and verify, therefore the error of measurement,
Calculation error, execution error are difficult to measure, it is impossible to carry out the control errors of closed loop, thus produce larger error, system is difficult to reality
Now higher tracking accuracy.
Patent document 1:CN 101916908A, " electronic-control variable polarization system of moving communication panel antenna and Electronic Polarization side
Method "
The content of the invention
In view of above mentioned problem of the prior art, inventor propose by the polarized signal for receiving antenna decompose and
The polarization isolation of signal after decomposition is measured and tracked to realize the tracking and alignment to polarizing angle.According to the present invention's
Antenna polarization tracking and tracking system, can reduce system cost while higher tracking accuracy is obtained.
Inventor recognizes the following feature of em polarization ripple in mobile satellite communication:When antenna and satellite polarized electromagnetic wave
Polarizing angle matching it is correct after, will simultaneously with and carry out two features:1st, the polarization electricity that polarizing angle matching aft antenna is received
Magnetostatic wave signal is most strong;2nd, the signal that antenna is received in the polarised direction vertical/orthogonal with correct polarization after polarizing angle is matched is most
It is weak.It is mutually corresponding and both characteristics are produced together simultaneously.One characteristic inevitable depositing with another characteristic when setting up
.One characteristic is also necessarily lost in the absence of another adjoint characteristic.Specifically, if polarization mismatch angle is Δ, polarization is damaged
Consume for Lp, cross polarization isolation is Sp, then can obtain the relation between them according to EM theory is:
Lp=-20lg (cos Δs) dB
Sp=-20lg (sin Δs) dB (1)
As can be seen here, mismatch/error of polarizing angle will result directly in cross polarization isolation decline.Conversely, cross polarization
The raising of isolation necessarily corresponds to the reduction of polarization angle error.
From EM theory, any polarized electromagnetic wave signal can be decomposed into two orthogonal polarized electromagnetic wave letters
Number, conversely, two cross polarization electromagnetic wave signals can also synthesize single polarized electromagnetic wave signal.
For example:One linear polarised electromagnetic wave can just be decomposed into equal, the oppositely oriented orthogonal circular polarizations ripple of two amplitudes.
If the linear polarized wave E and the angle of Y-axis that are propagated along Z axis are ω t, then
E=E0e-jβZ=[exE0cosωt+eyE0sinωt]e-jβZ (2)
According to Euler's formula cos ω t=(ejωt+e-jωt)/2 and sin ω t=(ejωt-e-jωt)/2j, is expressed as below
Formula:
E=1/2E0(exejωt+jeye-jωt)e-jωt+1/2E0(exejωt-jeye-jωt)e-jωt (3)
In the expression formula, the right Section 1 is left-hand circular polarization ripple, and Section 2 is right-handed circular polarization ripple, and both shake
Width is 1/2E0.It is adjusted by the polarisation angles to reception antenna, measures and compare a pair of orthogonal signal of above-mentioned acquisition
Amplitude, the correct matching at antenna polarization angle can be determined when the two ratio obtains maximum.
The core of the present invention is to isolate the polarization angular motion that dynamic measurement method replacement is difficult to Project Realization using antenna polarization
State is measured or foregoing polarization angle measuring method indirectly, so as to realize the dynamic alignment of antenna polarization.It is anti-in engineering
The physical parameter for reflecting antenna polarization isolated instances is referred to as:Polarization isolation.This method can also be described as with polarization isolation
Measurement substitutes polarization angular measurement, by keeping enough polarization isolation (such as:Polarization isolation >=30dB, generally can be
A decision threshold is set between 20-40dB), to realize the antenna polarization angular alignment of enough accuracy (such as:Polarization angle error≤
0.2 degree).
Although the measurement for receiving the polarization isolation of signal for satellite antenna in the prior art has been proposed a variety of having
The method of effect.However, these technical schemes are a static matter using polarization isolation as cross polarization satellite-signal in itself
Figureofmerit is considered, and matched in the absence of the polarization isolation that signal is received using satellite antenna come dynamic control polarizing angle
Technical inspiration.Moreover, the measuring method of these polarization isolations can not also be adapted to the application of antenna for satellite communication in motion.In other words, exist
Before the present invention, do not propose in the prior art satellite antenna receive signal polarization isolation matched with antenna polarization angle (and
That signal intensity is maximum or signal quality is best) between have this feature of direct close correlation can be for realizing
The technical scheme of antenna polarization angular motion state tracking.
The change of antenna polarization isolation is sensitive, relative to be easier to measurement, so, such a method can be obtained than conventional method more
High polarization angular tracking accuracy, while embodying the original idea for being suppressed the interference of contrapolarization signal using polarization isolation again, also more can
Reflect and suppress contrapolarization interference using polarization of electromagnetic wave characteristic, realize the engineering purpose of polarization multiplexing.
The present invention proposes a kind of polarization tracking system for mobile satellite communication antenna, and it includes:Satellite communication day
Line, including reception antenna and transmitting antenna, the satellite-signal for receiving and launching cross polarization;Polarization isolation measurement portion
Point, the signal power for obtaining and measuring a pair of orthogonal polarized signal calculates polarization isolation simultaneously based on the signal power
The polarization isolation of gained and predetermined threshold are compared;With tracing control part, for based on the polarization isolation survey
The comparative result Synchronization Control antenna transmitting of amount part output and the regulation for receiving polarisation angles.
The polarization isolation measurement part also includes orthogonally polarized signal and decomposes part, is connect for basis from reception antenna
The satellite-signal of receipts, which is decomposed, produces a pair of polarized signals orthogonal each other.
Orthogonally polarized signal, which decomposes part, to be used to the satellite-signal received from reception antenna being decomposed into a pair of orthogonal polarization
Signal, and the pair of orthogonally polarized signal is exported to polarization isolation measurement part simultaneously.
In the orthogonally polarized signal decomposes a pair of orthogonal polarized signal that decomposed is produced, generally one of them divides
Signal after solution match with the electromagnetic wave signal polarization received, that is, really useful satellite-signal or be main polarization letter
Number, signal and the polarized electromagnetic wave/main polarization signal in orthogonal matched after another decomposition, are that one kind is present in cross polarization
Interference signal.In satellite communication, this pair polarized signals orthogonal each other generally correspond to vertical polarization signal and level
Polarized signal, or corresponding to ± 45 ° of orthogonally polarized signals.
When the polarization isolation calculated based on the signal power is less than predetermined threshold, the tracing control part changes
The polarisation angles of antenna, and control the polarization isolation measurement part to perform measurement again and compare, until polarization isolation
More than or equal to the predetermined threshold, now the tracing control part judges that satellite communication antena realizes that polarisation angles are matched.
Polarization matching/regulation of the present invention and decomposition of polarization wave part, can be realized using various ways, including adopting
With a variety of sides such as the rotating media methods in digital phase shifter method, numeral or simulation power splitter method, motor drag circular waveguide
Method carries out the polarization regulation of antenna and carries out polarization decomposing to the signal of reception.Moreover, such a method is suitable for any kind of
Antenna, including:Micro-strip class array antenna, waveguide class array antenna, various reflection noodles antennas (including parabola antenna, cylinder
Reflector antenna) etc..
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, perform the measurement of polarization isolation according to predetermined period and compare, and are judging
Satellite communication antena is realized after correct polarisation angles matching, and current polarisation angles are kept in predetermined period.It is described
The specific environment and motion/rotation situation of antenna carrier that cycle can be applied according to mobile satellite communication are set on demand.
The invention also provides a kind of polarization tracking method for mobile satellite communication antenna, including:1) satellite is passed through
Reception antenna receives satellite-signal;2) control polarization regulating member causes one of polarized signal and satellite-signal polarization
Match somebody with somebody, so that the satellite-signal received reaches maximum;3) decompose and receive a pair of polarized signals orthogonal each other of signal acquisition simultaneously
Measure the signal power of the pair of orthogonally polarized signal;4) polarization isolation is calculated and by gained based on the signal power
Polarization isolation is compared with predetermined threshold;With the tune that receiving polarization angle 5) is controlled based on the result of the comparison
Section so that polarization isolation is remained above predetermined threshold values;6) synchronous angularly regulation transmitting and the polarization of reception antenna are adjusted
Save device so that transmitting and the polarization of reception antenna realize synchronized tracking simultaneously.
When the polarization isolation is more than or equal to the predetermined threshold, judge that satellite communication antena realizes polarisation angles
Matching, and keep the current polarisation angles of satellite communication antena;And when the polarization isolation is less than the predetermined threshold,
Change the polarisation angles of satellite communication antena, and perform step (1) to (5) again.
For polarization alignment/matching/tracking of transmitting antenna, as long as the polarizing angle of transmitting antenna and reception antenna is adjusted
Device (or is given in design and manufacture and ensured, or give dynamic calibration with computational methods the advance calibration in laboratory is consistent.And
Notice that transmission signal polarizing angle is orthogonal each other between the two with receiving polarizations angle), it is possible to adjusted with receiving polarization
Save the polarizing angle of synchronous, the equivalent method of adjustment adjustment transmitting antenna in angle (i.e.:Make the polarizing angle of transmitting antenna in same direction
Upper regulation equal angular), while receiving polarization alignment/matching/tracking is realized, realize transmitting polarization of ele angle
It is aligned with while receiving the synchronized tracking at polarization of ele angle/realize transmitting antenna and receiving polarization.Although transmitting letter
Number and receive signal on polarisation angles generally difference 90 degree, moreover, frequency of use is also different, but this is one constant
Polarisation angles difference, have no effect on the use of present principles.Therefore, the present invention be one kind can dynamic adjustment/tracking simultaneously/
Method with transmitting antenna polarization angle and receiving polarization angle.
Brief description of the drawings
Pass through the following description with reference to accompanying drawing, it will the present invention is more easily understood and that its is more easily understood is adjoint
Advantages and features, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the general structure block diagram of the polarization tracking system for mobile satellite communication antenna according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the polarization tracking system of use array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the polarization tracking system of use parabola antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the mobile satellite communication antenna polarization tracking according to the present invention;With
Fig. 5 is a kind of example embodiment that orthogonally polarized signal decomposes part.
Embodiment
In order that present disclosure is more clear and it can be readily appreciated that below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to specific embodiment of the invention
It is described in detail.In the present invention, by way of example, to antenna polarization tracking system proposed by the present invention and the principle of method
It is illustrated with example embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to the concrete form of disclosed preferred embodiment.Affiliated neck
The technical staff in domain can be modified and modification according to present disclosure to the present invention, and these modifications and variations also should
When belonging to the scope of protection of the invention that is defined by the claims.
As shown in figure 1, the mobile satellite communication antenna polarization tracking system of the present invention includes satellite communication antena 1, polarization
Isolation measures part 3 and tracing control part 4.Cross polarization letter is further provided in polarization isolation measurement part 3
Number part 2 is decomposed, for carrying out resolution process to the satellite-signal that receives, and export a pair of vertical polarizations and horizontal polarization
Orthogonally polarized signal, or other one group of signal with cross polarization feature, such as ± 45 ° orthogonally polarized signals.
One group of orthogonally polarized signal that part 2 is exported is decomposed from orthogonally polarized signal in 3 pairs of polarization isolation measurement part
Power is measured and the ratio based on the two calculates polarization isolation Sp.Polarization isolation Sp calculating such as formula (4) institute
Show:
Sp (dB)=20log10(E1/E2) (4)
If polarization isolation Sp is less than some threshold value (such as 30dB) set in advance, tracing control part 4 is to defending
The polarisation angles regulation part 7 that star communication antenna includes sends control signal, synchronously, angularly changes two orthogonal poles
Change angle, then repeat the measurement of polarization isolation and compare operation, until the polarization isolation of antenna return to it is predetermined
Matching level (as being not less than 30dB), so as to realize the automatic Polarization tracking received with transmitting antenna.In addition, being commonly used in engineering
Level under certain condition replaces or estimates power.
Fig. 2 shows the structured flowchart of the polarization tracking system of use array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
(used antenna can be phased array antenna, micro-strip array antenna, waveguide class array antenna etc.).Array antenna has wave beam
The advantages of control is flexibly, sensing change is rapid, be conducive to realizing fast and effectively polarisation angles regulation under the framework of the present invention,
It is particularly suitable for the communication in moving application under high-speed mobile condition.In addition, the small volume of digital phase shifter, cost are low, it can reduce
The manufacturing cost and use cost of whole system.
As shown in Fig. 2 satellite communication antena 1 is made up of array antenna 1a, the orthopole in polarization isolation measurement part 3
Change signal decomposition part 2 and one group of orthogonal digital polar signal, tracing control part 4 are decomposited according to the satellite-signal received
Part 3 is measured based on polarization isolation for the result of calculation control digital phase shifter 5 of polarization isolation to adjust array antenna
1a polarisation angles.
Fig. 3 shows the structural frames of the polarization tracking system of use reflector antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
The pose adjustment of reflector antenna is needed to carry out mechanical adjustment using motor, and governing speed and flexibility ratio are limited
System, while the overall volume and weight of reflector antenna are larger, for less vehicular applications in space etc. constitute it is extra into
This.But, reflector antenna (such as parabola antenna) has the advantages that high gain, bandwidth are high, therefore is suitable for needing to ensure
The occasions such as the emergency communication of enough bandwidth and gain margin to meet big data quantity communication requirement.
As shown in figure 3, satellite communication antena 1 is made up of reflector antenna 1b, it is orthogonal in polarization isolation measurement part 3
Polarized signal decomposes part 2 and decomposites one group of orthogonal digital polar signal, tracking control section according to the satellite-signal received
Points 4 to measure result of calculation of the part 3 for polarization isolation based on polarization isolation defeated to reception/transmitting regulation motor 6 that polarizes
Go out analog control signal, to drive reception/transmitting polarization regulation motor 6 to change the polarisation angles of antenna.Generally can be by antenna
Polarization regulation and receive electromagnetic wave signal Orthogonal Decomposition realize simultaneously.
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart of the mobile satellite communication antenna polarization tracking according to the present invention.According to the present invention
Mobile satellite communication antenna polarization tracking include:
Step S1) satellite-signal is received by satellite earth antenna;
Step S2) adjust the polarizing angle of antenna and receive the signal that signal obtains a pair of orthogonal polarization by decomposing;
Step S3) the pair of orthogonally polarized signal of measurement signal power, based on the signal power calculate polarization every
From spending and being compared the polarization isolation of gained and predetermined threshold, to determine whether the polarization isolation is more than default threshold
Value;
Step S4) if it is determined that result is yes, then into step S6), judge that antenna reaches polarization matching status, Jin Er
Polarisation angles are locked in predetermined period to keep this state;
If it is determined that result is no, then into step S5), further the polarisation angles of regulation satellite antenna, are then back to
Step S1 and the processing for repeating S1 to S4.
Fig. 5, which is shown, decomposes the one of part 2 applied to the orthogonally polarized signal in the polarization tracking system according to the present invention
Exemplary device is planted, for linear polarised electromagnetic wave to be decomposed into two orthogonal circular polarisation electromagnetic waves.Cross polarization shown in Fig. 5
Signal decomposition part 2 is equipped with the circular waveguide of dieelctric sheet by rectangular waveguide 21, square-circle transition waceguide 22 and connected inside
23 are constituted.During work, TE10 ripples are inputted via rectangular waveguide 21, are converted into by square-circle transition waceguide 22 in circular waveguide 23
TE11 moulds.When the absorbing sheet 32 in circular waveguide 23 with respect to the horizontal plane rotates θ angles, you can by electric field E1Resolve into and absorb
The vertical E ⊥ components of piece 32 and the E//component parallel with absorbing sheet 32, wherein E ⊥=E1Cos θ, E/ /=E1sinθ。
Rotate this dieelctric sheet 32 can realize from different polarizing angles input electromagnetic wave carry out polarisation angles matching, and
Input electromagnetic wave is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal polarity electromagnetic wave components on this basis.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although reference
The present invention is described in detail for preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the present invention's
Technical scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.