CN104185108A - 耳机定位和保持 - Google Patents
耳机定位和保持 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
- H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2420/00—Details of connection covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
- H04R2420/07—Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2460/17—Hearing device specific tools used for storing or handling hearing devices or parts thereof, e.g. placement in the ear, replacement of cerumen barriers, repair, cleaning hearing devices
Abstract
一种用于入耳式耳机的定位和保持装置。外支柱和内支柱在附接端相互附接而在另一端附接到耳机的主体。外支柱落在平面中。定位和保持装置具有在外支柱的平面中在逆时针方向上向附接端施加力时比在外支柱的平面中在顺时针方向上向附接端施加力时更大的刚度。定位和保持装置与耳机关联地将耳机定位于用户的耳朵中并且将耳机保持于其位置。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2011年2月14日、申请号为201110038828.2、发明名称为“耳机定位和保持”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本说明书描述一种用于耳机的定位和保持装置。
发明内容
在一个方面中,一种耳机包括用于从外部源无线地接收传入音频信号的电子器件模块。电子器件模块包括用于将声音变换成传出音频信号的麦克风。电子器件模块还包括用于无线地发送传出音频信号的电路。耳机还包括音频模块,音频模块包括用于将接收的音频信号变换成声能的声学驱动器。耳机还包括耳内部分。耳内部分包括主体。主体包括尺度设定成和布置成配合于用户的耳道入口以内的出口分段、用于向出口分段中的开口传导来自音频模块的声能的通道以及定位和保持装置。定位和保持装置至少包括外支柱和内支柱。外支柱和内支柱中的每个支柱在附接端附接到主体而在接合端相互附接。外支柱落在平面中。定位和保持装置当在外支柱的平面中在一个旋转方向上向末端施加力时比当在外支柱的平面中在相反旋转方向上施加力时明显更有刚度,两个支柱之一在其既定位置接触在外耳后部的对耳轮;接合端在对耳轮之下,主体的平坦部分接触外耳,并且主体的部分在对耳屏之下。外支柱的平面可以相对于主体平面倾斜。当耳机插入于耳朵中并且主体在顺时针方向上旋转时,以下(1)接合端接触耳轮的基部或者(2)接合端在对耳轮的耳甲艇区域中变成楔形或者(3)内支柱接触耳轮的基部中的至少一个可以防止进一步顺时针旋转。当耳机就位时,可以施加与在外耳后部的对耳轮相抵推进外支柱的反作用力。主体可以包括出口分段和内分段,并且内分段可以包括比出口分段更硬的材料。出口分段可以包括硬度约为16邵氏A的材料,并且内分段可以包括约70邵氏A的材料。声学模块可以包括用于将声波引向出口分段的管口。管口的特征可以在于在一个方向上测量的外径。出口分段的特征可以在于在该方向上测量的直径。管口的外径可以小于出口分段的内径。出口分段和管口可以大体上为椭圆形。出口分段的短轴可以约为4.80mm,并且管口的短轴可以约为4.05mm。音频模块可以被定向成使得音频模块的部分在耳机就位时在用户的耳朵的外耳中。当在与平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于0.01N/mm。
在另一方面中,一种耳机包括用于从外部源无线地接收传入音频信号的电子器件模块。电子器件模块包括用于将声音变换成传出音频信号的麦克风。电子器件模块还包括用于无线地发送传出音频信号的电路。耳机还包括音频模块,音频模块包括用于将接收的音频信号变换成声能的声学驱动器。耳机还包括耳内部分。耳内部分包括主体,主体包括尺度设定成和布置成配合于用户的耳道以内的耳道分段以及用于向用户的耳道传导来自音频模块的声能的通道。外支柱可以落在平面中。定位和保持装置可以当在外支柱的平面中在一个旋转方向上向末端施加力时比当在外支柱的平面中在相反方向上施加力时明显更有刚度。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于当在外支柱的平面中在顺时针或者逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于当在外支柱的平面中在顺时针或者逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度的0.8倍。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于0.01N/mm。
在另一方面中,一种耳机包括用于从外部源无线地接收传入音频信号的电子器件模块。电子器件模块包括用于将声音变换成传出音频信号的麦克风。电子器件模块还包括用于无线地发送传出音频信号的电路。耳机还包括音频模块,音频模块包括用于将接收的音频信号变换成声能的声学驱动器。耳机还包括耳内部分,耳内部分包括主体。主体包括尺度设定成和布置成配合于用户的耳道以内的出口分段、用于向出口分段中的开口传导来自音频模块的声能的通道以及包括内支柱和外支柱的定位装置。内支柱和外支柱在附接端附接到主体而在接合端相互附接。定位装置提供至少三个模式,用于防止耳机顺时针旋转通过旋转位置。模式包括顶端接触耳轮的基部、顶端在耳甲艇(cymba concha)区域中的对耳轮之下变成楔形以及内支柱接触耳轮的基部。耳机还可以包括保持装置。保持装置可以包括内支柱和外支柱。内支柱和外支柱可以在附接端附接到主体而在接合端相互附接。当耳机在其既定位置时,可以与在外耳后部的对耳轮相抵推动外支柱,并且(1)顶端可以在对耳轮之下或者(2)主体和外支柱中的至少一个的部分可以在对耳屏之下或者(3)主体可以对接耳道中的至少一个状态出现。
在另一方面中,一种耳机包括用于从外部源无线地接收传入音频信号的电子器件模块。电子器件模块包括用于将声音变换成传出音频信号的麦克风。电子器件模块还包括用于无线地发送传出音频信号的电路。耳机还包括音频模块,音频模块包括用于将接收的音频信号变换成声能的声学驱动器。耳机还包括主体,主体包括尺度设定成和布置成配合于用户的耳道中的出口分段。该主体还包括用于向出口分段中的开口传导来自音频模块的声能的通道。主体还包括保持装置,保持装置包括内支柱和外支柱。内支柱和外支柱可以在附接端附接到主体而在接合端相互附接。当耳机在其既定位置时,与在外耳后部的对耳轮相抵推动外支柱,主体对接耳道,并且(1)顶端在对耳轮之下或者(2)主体和外支柱中的至少一个的部分在对耳屏之下中的至少一个状态出现。
在另一方面中,一种用于入耳式耳机的定位和保持装置包括在附接端相互附接而在另一端附接到耳机主体的外支柱和内支柱。外支柱落在平面中。定位和保持装置具有当在外支柱的平面中在逆时针方向上向附接端施加力时比当在外支柱的平面中在顺时针方向上向附接端施加力时更大的刚度。当在逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度可以大于当在顺时针方向上施加力时的刚度的三倍。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于当在外支柱的平面中在顺时针或者逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于当在外支柱的平面中在顺时针或者逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度的0.8倍。当在与外支柱的平面垂直的方向上施加力时的刚度可以小于0.01N/mm。
在另一方面中,一种用于入耳式耳机的定位装置包括在附接端相互附接以形成顶端而在另一端附接到耳机主体的第一支柱和第二支柱。定位装置提供至少三个模式,用于防止耳机顺时针旋转通过旋转位置。模式包括顶端接触耳轮的基部;顶端在耳甲艇区域中的对耳轮之下变成楔形;内支柱接触耳轮的基部。
在另一方面中,一种入耳式耳机保持装置包括内支柱和外支柱。内支柱和外支柱在附接端附接到主体而在接合端相互附接。当耳机在其既定位置时,与在外耳后部的对耳轮相抵推进外支柱,主体对接耳道;并且(1)顶端在对耳轮之下或者(2)主体和外支柱中的至少一个的部分在对耳屏之下中的至少一个状态出现。
在另一方面中,一种用于入耳式耳机的定位和保持装置包括在附接端相互附接而在第二端附接到耳机主体的内支柱和外支柱。内支柱和外支柱被布置成提供至少三个模式,用于防止耳机的顺时针旋转。模式包括顶端接触耳轮的基部、顶端在对耳轮之下变成楔形以及内支柱接触耳轮的基部。内支柱和外支柱还被布置成使得当耳机在其既定位置时,与在外耳后部的对耳轮相抵推动外支柱,主体对接耳道;并且(1)顶端在对耳轮之下或者(2)主体和外支柱中的至少一个的部分在对耳屏之下中的至少一个状态出现。
其它特征、目的和优点根据结合以下附图阅读时的下文具体描述将变得清楚,其中:
附图说明
图1是人耳的侧视图;
图2示出了耳机的若干视图;
图3示出了耳机的部分的若干视图;
图4是耳机就位的人耳的视图;
图5是耳机的部分的等距视图和横截面视图;
图6是耳机的部分的图解横截面;
图7A-图7D示出了耳机的部分的视图;
图8是耳机的分解视图;
图9是耳机的部分的等距视图和横截面视图;以及
图10是耳机的主体在移开主体的部分时的等距视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了出于标识本申请中所用术语这一目的的人耳和笛卡尔坐标系。在下文描述中,“向前”或者“前部”将指代沿着X轴的+方向,“向后”或者“后部”将指代沿着X轴的-方向;“上面”或者“向上”将指代Y轴的+方向,“下面”或者“向下”将指代沿着Y轴的-方向;“在......之上”和“向外”将指代沿着Z轴的+方向(离开纸面),而“在......之后”或者“在......之下”或者“向内”将纸袋沿着Z轴的-方向(进入纸面)。
后文描述将例如针对配合于右耳中的耳机。对于配合于左耳中的耳机,一些定义或者“+”和“-”方向可以相反,而“顺时针”和“逆时针”可以意味着在相对于以下描述中所指耳朵或者其它元件的不同方向上的旋转。一些耳朵具有图1中未示出的附加特征。一些耳朵缺乏图1中所示一些特征。一些特征可以比图1中所示更明显或者不如图1中所示明显。
图2示出了入耳式耳机10的若干视图。耳机10包括主体12、可以机械地耦合到可选电子器件模块16的声学驱动器模块14。主体12可以具有配合到耳道中的出口分段15。下文将标识其它标号。耳机可以是无线的,也就是说、可以不用将耳机机械或者电耦合到任何其它设备的接线或者线缆。耳机10的一些元件可以在一些视图中不可见。
可选电子器件模块16可以在电子器件模块16的一端11包括麦克风。可选电子器件模块16也可以包括用于无线地接收辐射的电子信号的电子电路;用于向声学驱动器发送音频信号并且控制声学驱动器的操作的电子电路;电池;以及其它电路。电子器件模块可以封入于具有平坦壁的基本上箱形的壳中。
希望将入耳式耳机10放入耳朵中使得将其恰当地定向、使得其稳定(也就是说,它留在耳朵中)并且使得其令人舒适。恰当定向可以包括对主体进行定位,从而使得电子器件模块如果存在则被定向成使得麦克风指向用户的嘴部并且使得电子器件模块16的平坦表面定位于用户头部的一侧附近或者与该侧相抵定位以防止耳机的过分运动。电子器件模块16(如果存在)和耳机的可能无线特性使耳机的定向和稳定性比在具有接线或者线缆而无电子器件模块的耳机中更复杂。接线往往对耳机进行定向使得接线或者线缆下垂,因而不存在接线或者线缆使恰当定向更难以实现。如果电子器件模块不存在,则恰当定向可以包括对主体进行定向使得出口分段15相对于耳道来恰当地定向。电子器件模块16相对于耳机的其它部件往往沉重,使得它往往使质心(在该质心处耳机与用户的头部之间的无接触)外移,使得耳机往往沿着Y轴下移并且围绕Z轴和X轴旋转。
图3示出了主体12的若干视图。主体12包括用于向耳道传导声学驱动器模块中的声学驱动器辐射的声波的通道18。主体12具有基本上在一端与外耳相抵搁放的基本上平坦表面13。定位和保持装置20从主体12延伸,该装置与主体12一起保持耳机就位而不使用可能不稳定(往往从耳朵掉出)、令人不适(因为它们与耳朵相抵按压)或者配合不良(因为它们与耳朵不符)的耳钩或者所谓“点按锁定(click lock)”顶端。定位和保持装置20包括从主体延伸的至少一个外支柱22和内支柱24。其它实现方式可以具有虚线中所示附加支柱、比如支柱23。两个支柱中的各支柱分别在一端26和28连接到主体。弯曲外支柱以大体地遵循在外耳后部的对耳轮曲线。各支柱的第二端接合于点30。接合的内支柱和外支柱可以通过点30向定位和保持装置最顶端35延伸。在一种实现方式中,定位和保持装置20由16个邵氏A硬度的硅树脂制成。外支柱22落在平面中。
定位和保持装置在如箭头37所示逆时针方向上(围绕Z轴)向最顶端35施加力时比在围绕Z轴在如箭头39所示顺时针方向上向最顶端35施加力时明显更有刚度(顺应性更低)。可以通过两个支柱22和24的几何形状、两个支柱22和24的材料并且通过向支柱22和24中的一个或者两个预加应力或者几何形状、材料和预加应力的组合来获得顺应性差异。还可以通过向支柱22和24添加更多支柱来控制顺应性。定位和保持装置在沿着Z轴向最顶端施加力时(箭头33所示)比在围绕Z轴施加力时(箭头37和39所示)明显更顺应。
在一种测量中,通过保持主体12静止、在-X方向上沿着X轴向最顶端35施加力并且测量在-X方向上的移位来近似在逆时针方向(箭头37所示)施加力时的刚度;通过保持主体12静止并且在-Y方向上沿着Y轴拉动最顶端35来近似在顺时针方向(箭头39所示)上施加力时的刚度。根据主体12以及定位和保持装置20的尺寸,在逆时针方向上的刚度范围从0.03N/mm(牛顿每毫米)到0.06N/mm。还根据主体12以及定位和保持装置20的尺寸,在顺时针方向上的刚度范围从0.010N/mm到0.016N/mm。对于等尺寸的主体以及定位和保持装置,在逆时针方向上的刚度范围从在顺时针方向上的刚度的3.0倍到4.3倍。在一种测量中,沿着Z轴施加力。根据主体12以及定位和保持装置20的尺寸,刚度范围从0.005N/mm到0.008N/mm;典型刚度范围可以是0.001N/mm到0.01N/mm。对于等尺寸的主体以及定位和保持装置,在沿着Z轴施加力时的刚度范围为从在逆时针方向上施加力时的刚度的0.43到0.80倍。
现在参照图4,为了将耳机放入耳朵中,主体被放入耳朵中并且向内轻推而且优选地如箭头43所示逆时针旋转。将主体推入耳朵中使主体12和外支柱22就位于对耳屏下面并且使支柱12的出口分段15进入耳道。逆时针恰当地旋转主体在Z方向上对外支柱22进行定向以便进行后续步骤。
然后如箭头41所示顺时针旋转主体直至出现不能进一步旋转主体的情况。这些情况可以包括:最顶端35可能接触耳轮的基部;支柱24可能接触耳轮的基部;或者最顶端25可能在耳甲艇区域中的对耳轮之后变成楔形。尽管定位和保持装置提供所有三种情况(下文称为“模式”),但是并非所有三种情况对于所有用户都将发生,而是至少一个模式对于多数用户将发生。出现哪种情况依赖于用户的耳朵尺寸和几何形状。
提供用于对耳机进行定位的多个模式是有利的,因为不是每一个定位模式对于所有耳朵都工作良好。提供多个定位模式使得定位系统更可能对广泛多种耳朵尺寸和几何形状都工作良好。
顺时针旋转主体12也使最顶端和外支柱对接耳甲艇区域并且位于对耳轮之下。当主体以及定位和保持装置20就位时,定位和保持装置和/或主体以若干方式中的至少两种方式接触多数人的耳朵并且对于许多人为以若干方式中的更多方式接触多数人的耳朵:外支柱22与在外耳后部的对耳轮接触的长度40;定位和保持装置20的最顶端35在对耳轮42下面;外支柱22或者主体12或者二者的部分在对耳屏44下面;并且主体12在耳屏之下在入口处接触耳道。两个或者更多接触点保持耳机就位从而提供更大稳定性。力的分布以及主体和外支柱与耳朵接触的部分的顺应性减小对耳朵的压力从而提供舒适性。
再次参照图2的视图E以及图3的视图B、视图C和视图D,主体12可以具有与外耳相抵的略微弯曲表面13。略弯曲表面可以排列的外围是平面、下文称之为主体平面。在一种实现方式中,如线97(支柱22的中心线)和线99(与主体平面平行)所示,定位和保持装置20的外支柱22在Y-Z平面上的投影可以相对于主体平面13与Y-Z平面的交线成角度。在就位时,主体平面13与X-Y平面基本上平行。换而言之,外支柱22略微向外成角度。
定位和保持装置20的成角度具有若干特性。无论耳朵尺寸和几何形状的变化如何,该装置实现最顶端仍将位于对耳轮下面的更大可能性。向外倾斜与耳朵更好地相符。定位和保持装置向内偏置,相比于在向内方向上阻止移动的力,这使得有更多的力在向外方向上阻止移动。这些特性相对于如下耳机提供在舒适性、配合性和稳定性上的明显提高,这些耳机具有相对于与外耳接触的表面的平面未成角度的定位和保持装置。
如果定位和保持装置的成角度未使最顶端位于对耳轮之后,则最顶端在Z方向上的顺应性允许用户向内按压最顶端使得它确实位于对耳轮之后。
无论耳朵尺寸和几何形状的差异如何,提供防止主体过度旋转的特征实现了仍对于不同用户相对统一的定向。这是有利的,因为耳机的恰当和统一定向实现麦克风到用户嘴部的恰当和统一定向。
图5示出了主体12以及定位和保持装置20的沿着线A-A取得的横截面。横截面是椭圆形或者“跑道”形,其中在与Z轴基本上平行的方向Z’上的尺度是在与X轴基本上平行的方向X’上的尺度的2.0到1.0倍、优选地更接近1.0到2.0倍并且在一个示例中是在X’方向上的尺度的1.15倍。在一些示例中,在Z’方向上的尺度可以低至在X’方向上的尺度的0.8倍。横截面允许外支柱的更多表面接触在外耳后部的对耳轮从而提供更佳的稳定性和舒适性。此外,在支柱与耳朵接触的部分中无拐角或者锐边,这消除了不适感的原因。
如图2的视图B和视图E中最佳所示,声学驱动器模块相对于主体12的平面向内和向前倾斜。向内倾斜相对于与定位和保持装置20或者电子器件模块12或者二者基本上平行的声学驱动器模块偏移重心。与向内倾斜组合的向前倾斜允许声学驱动器模块更多配合于耳朵的外耳以内从而增加耳机的稳定性。
图6示出了声学驱动器模块14和主体12的图解横截面。耳机10的第一区域102在声学驱动器116的任一例上包括分别由壳113和115限定的后室112和前室114。在一些示例中,使用15mm标称直径的驱动器。管口126经过主体12从前室114向通向耳道的入口中延伸并且在一些实施例中向耳道中延伸并且可以结束于可选声阻元件118。在一些示例中,可选声阻元件118位于管口126内而不是如图所示位于末端。声阻元件(如果存在的话)消散一定比例的、对其发生冲击或者通过其的声能。在一些示例中,前室114包括恒压(PEQ)孔120。PEQ孔120服务于减轻当耳机10插入耳朵中时可以在耳道12与前室114内建立的气压。后室112由壳113密封于声学驱动器116的后侧周围。在一些示例中,后室112包括抗性元件如端口(也称为质量端口)122和也可以形成为端口124的阻性元件。美国专利6,831,984描述了在头戴式受话器设备中使用并联抗性和阻性端口并且通过整体引用结合于此。虽然端口常称为抗性或者阻性,但是在实践中任何端口将具有抗性和阻性这两种效果。用来描述给定端口的术语表明以哪种效果为主。在图6的示例中,抗性端口由壳113中的空间限定。抗性端口如端口122例如是管形开口,在该开口中可以另外是密封的声学室,在这一情况下为后室112。阻性端口如端口124例如是在提供声阻的材料覆盖的声学室的壁(比如接线或者纤维滤网)中的小开口,该开口允许一些空气和声能通过室的壁。质量端口122和抗性端口124将后腔112与周围环境声学耦合。示意地示出了质量端口122和阻性端口124。下文将在图中示出质量端口122和阻性端口124的实际位置并且将在说明书中指定尺寸。类似地,下文将示出恒压孔120的实际位置和尺寸并且在说明书中指定尺寸。
主体12、腔112和114、驱动器116、阻尼器118、孔120以及端口122和124中的每一个具有可能对耳机10的性能有影响的声学性质。可以调节这些性质以实现用于耳机的期望频率响应。附加元件如有源或者无源均衡电路也可以用来调节频率响应。
为了增加低频响应和灵敏度,管口126可以向耳道中延伸前腔112从而有助于在主体12与耳道之间形成密封。密封前腔114到耳道减小低频截止,用包括端口122和124的小腔112包围换能器116的后部也一样。管口126与衬垫的下部110一起向耳道而不是仅搁放于外耳中的耳机提供更佳密封以及与个别用户的耳朵的更一致耦合。衬垫的锥形形状和柔韧性允许它在多种形状和尺寸的耳朵中形成密封。在一些示例中,后室112具有0.26cm3的体积,该体积包括驱动器116的体积。将驱动器排除在外,后室112具有0.05cm3的体积。
抗性端口122与后室体积一起共振。在一些示例中,它具有范围为约0.5mm到2.0mm(例如1.2mm)的直径和范围为约0.8mm到10.0mm(例如2.5mm)的长度。在一些实施例中,抗性端口被调谐为在耳机的低频截止周围与腔体积共振。在一些实施例中,低频截止约为100Hz(则可以根据耳朵几何形状随个人变化)。在一些示例中,抗性端口122和阻性端口124并联提供声抗和声阻,这意味着它们各自独立地将后室112耦合到自由空间。相比之下,可以例如通过在抗性端口的管以内放置阻性元件(比如接线网格滤网)来在单个路径中串联提供抗性和阻性。在一些示例中,并联阻性端口由例如可从Cleveland,OH的Cleveland Wire获得的70x800荷兰斜纹线布覆盖。具体化为并联抗性端口和阻性端口的并联抗性和阻性元件与使用串联抗性和阻性元件的一个实施例相比提供增加的低频响应。并联阻性未明显衰减低频输出而串联阻性却这样。使用具有并联端口的小后腔允许耳机具有低频输出和在低频与高频输出之间的期望平衡。
PEQ孔120的位置使得它在使用时将不受阻。例如PEQ孔120不位于主体12与耳朵直接接触的部分中而是在前室114中远离耳朵。孔的主要目的在于避免当耳机10插入于用户的耳朵中时的过压情况。此外,孔可以用来提供与可能存在的其它泄漏并行作用的固定数量的泄漏。这有助于标准化不同个人的响应。在一些示例中,PEQ孔120具有约0.50mm的直径。根据比如前室114的体积和耳机的期望频率响应这样的因素可以使用其它尺寸。添加PEQ孔实现在低频输出的一些损耗与更为可重复的总性能之间的折衷。
主体12被设计成将耳机的声学元件令人舒适地耦合到佩戴者的耳朵的物理结构。如图7A-7D中所示,主体12具有成形为与耳朵的耳屏和对耳屏接触的上部802和如上文提到的成形为进入耳道12的下部110。在一些示例中,下部110被成形为配合于耳道12内、但是未向耳道12的肉体施加大量压力。不依赖于下部110以提供耳机在耳朵中的留置,这允许它用最小压力密封到耳道。在上部820中的空穴806接收耳机的声学元件(未示出),其中(图6的)管口126向下部110中的空穴808中延伸。在一些示例中,主体12可从耳机10移开,例如主体12由具有不同硬度的材料(如区域810和812所示)形成。外区域810由软材料(例如具有16邵氏A硬度的材料)形成,该材料由于其软度而提供良好舒适性。用于这一分段的典型硬度范围从2邵氏A到30邵氏A。内区域812由更硬材料(例如具有70邵氏A硬度的材料)形成。这一分段提供为了保持衬垫就位而需要的刚度。用于这一分段的典型硬度范围从30邵氏A到90邵氏A。在一些示例中,内分段812包括用于在声学部件上保持衬垫的O环型保持项圈809。更有刚度的内部812也可以向外部分段中延伸以增加该分段的硬度。在一些示例中,可以在单一材料中布置可变硬度。
在一些示例中,衬垫的两个区域由硅树脂形成。硅树脂可以用软和更硬的硬度制作成单个部分。在双注射(double-shot)制作工艺中,在两个分段之间用强粘结剂将它们构造在一起。硅树脂具有在宽温度范围内维持其性质的优点并且已知成功地使用于其持久地与人的皮肤接触的应用中。硅树脂也可以制作成不同颜色例如用于标识不同尺寸的衬垫或者允许定制。在一些示例中,可以使用其它材料、比如热塑弹性体(TPE)。TPE类似于硅树脂并且可以成本更低,但是抗热性更差。可以使用材料的组合,其中有软硅树脂或者TPE外分段812和由比如ABS、聚碳酸酯或者尼龙这样的材料制成的更硬内分段810。在一些示例中,整个衬垫可以由具有单个硬度的硅树脂或者TPE制成,这代表在外分段812希望的软度与内分段810需要的硬度之间的折衷。
图8示出了电子器件模块16、声学驱动器模块14和主体12的分解图。电子器件模块包括塑料罩402。
该罩(可以是多件)封装用于无线接收音频信号的电子电路(未示出)。声学驱动器模块14包括壳113、声学驱动器116和壳115。示出了质量端口122和抗性端口124在壳113中的位置。也示出了PEQ孔120在壳115上的位置。当组装耳机10时,管口126配合于主体12的出口分段15中。再次参照图6,管口126的外径可以如箭头702和704所示与出口分段15的内部尺度近似相同。
图9示出了图6的组件的一种变化。图9的实现方式是图6的实现方式的镜像以表明耳机可以配置用于任一只耳。在图9的实施方式中,管口的外部尺度如箭头702’和704’所示小于出口分段15的对应内部尺度。尺度差异提供在管口与主体12的出口分段15之间的空间706。该空间允许主体15的下部与耳道更好地相符从而提供附加舒适性和稳定性。管口的刚性使出口分段有能力与耳道相符而不明显改变通向耳道的通道的形状或者体积,因而耳机的声学性能未受耳朵尺寸或者几何形状的改变的明显影响。管口的更小尺度可能不利地影响高频(例如3kHz以上)。然而封入于电子器件模块16中的用于无线接收音频信号的电路可以限于接收上至仅约3kHz的音频信号,因而受不利影响的高频性能无损于耳机的总性能。一种允许耳机更响亮播放的方式在于过激励声学驱动器。声学驱动器的过激励往往引入失真并且不利地影响带宽。
图10示出了在去除出口分段15和管口126的部分时的主体12。出口分段15的内部和管口126的外部均为椭圆形。管口外部由线702’代表的短轴为4.05mm。出口分段15的内部由线704’代表的短轴为4.80mm。空间706在其最宽点的宽度为0.75mm。
一种实现良好声学性能的方式是使用更大驱动器。更大声学驱动器(例如15mm标称直径的声学驱动器)可以比常规更小声学驱动器以更少失真并且以更佳带宽和可理解性更响亮地播放。然而使用更大声学驱动器具有一些弊端。直径(标称直径加上外壳)大于11mm的声学驱动器不配合于许多人的外耳中。如果声学驱动器定位于外耳以外,则质心可以明显地在耳朵以外使得耳机不稳定并且往往从耳朵掉出。这一问题因存在相对于耳机的其它部件可能沉重并且从头部这一侧更远离地移动质心的电子器件模块而恶化。
如图2的视图B和视图E中最佳所示,声学驱动器模块相对于定位和保持装置20的平面以及电子器件模块12的平面向内和向前倾斜。向内倾斜相对于与定位和保持装置20或者电子器件模块12或者二者基本上平行的声学驱动器模块偏移重心。与向内倾斜组合的向前倾斜允许声学驱动器模块更多配合于耳朵的外耳以内从而增加耳机的稳定性。
Claims (7)
1.一种耳机,包括:
声学驱动器,具有声音辐射表面;
容纳所述声学驱动器的外壳;以及
可移除的耳朵接口,包括:
主体部分,配合于耳屏和对耳屏之下并且当由用户佩戴时占据所述用户耳朵的下部外耳,
出口,从所述主体部分延伸并且当由所述用户佩戴时至少向所述用户耳朵的耳道入口中延伸,以及
定位和保持结构,从所述主体部分延伸并且结束于最顶端,其中所述定位和保持结构由顺应性材料形成,并且当所述耳朵接口配合到所述用户的耳朵中时基本上沿着所述定位和保持结构的整个长度向所述用户的耳朵的对耳轮施加压力,并且所述定位和保持结构的所述最顶端位于所述用户的耳朵的耳轮的基部下的所述对耳轮的末端处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耳机,其中:
所述声音辐射表面沿着第一轴移动;
所述外壳包括声学耦合至所述声学驱动器的前室和声学耦合至所述前室的管口,所述管口沿着不平行于所述第一轴的第二轴从所述前室朝着所述用户的耳朵的耳道延伸;并且
所述耳朵接口的所述出口至少部分围绕所述外壳的所述管口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耳机,其中:
所述定位和保持结构当不由所述用户佩戴时位于平面中,并且
所述定位和保持结构所位于的所述平面相对于通过所述主体的中心的平面倾斜,使得所述定位和保持结构当被佩戴时从所述用户的头部的侧部向外倾斜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耳机,其中:
所述定位和保持结构当不由所述用户佩戴时位于平面中,并且
所述定位和保持结构在所述平面中大体上弯曲,并且在趋于挺直所述定位和保持结构的方向中比在趋于增加曲率的方向中具有更大的刚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耳机,其中:
所述定位和保持结构具有椭圆形横截面,其中平行于所述对耳轮的接触表面的尺度比与所述对耳轮的接触表面垂直的尺度更大。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耳机,其中:
所述定位和保持结构包括外边和内边,各自从所述基部延伸并且在距所述基部一定距离的顶端相遇,
所述外边沿着其长度具有不同的曲率半径,包括所述基部处的具有第一曲率半径的第一分段和靠近所述顶端的具有比所述第一曲率半径更大的第二曲率半径的第二分段,使得所述外边靠近所述基部更多锐利地弯曲并且靠近所述顶端更不锐利地弯曲。
7.一种用于耳机的定位和保持结构,所述定位和保持结构包括外边和内边,各自从基部延伸以便被耦合到所述耳机并且在距所述基部一定距离的顶端相遇,
其中所述基部包括衬垫结构,所述衬垫结构被成形为当所述耳机佩戴在用户的耳朵中时基本上充满所述用户的外耳,
所述外边沿着其长度具有不同的曲率半径,包括所述基部处的具有第一曲率半径的第一分段和靠近所述顶端的具有比所述第一曲率半径更大的第二曲率半径的第二分段,使得所述外边靠近所述基部更多锐利地弯曲并且靠近所述顶端更不锐利地弯曲。
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