CN104245284B - 用于通过逐层添加生产圆形产品的机器 - Google Patents

用于通过逐层添加生产圆形产品的机器 Download PDF

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CN104245284B
CN104245284B CN201380019017.5A CN201380019017A CN104245284B CN 104245284 B CN104245284 B CN 104245284B CN 201380019017 A CN201380019017 A CN 201380019017A CN 104245284 B CN104245284 B CN 104245284B
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皮埃尔·卡鲁塞
妮科尔·卡鲁塞
加布丽埃勒·卡鲁塞
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于逐层生产物品的机器，该机器包括：圆形旋转容器，该圆形旋转容器布置在下部部分(B)中，该下部部分的内部设置有独立且竖直地马达驱动的柱形冠部(7)；以及静止部件，该静止部件覆盖该容器。机器还包括至少一个生产单元，该至少一个生产单元包括：第一站(1)，该第一站用于分配产品的层；第二站(2)，该第二站用于使层的厚度均匀；第三站(3)，该第三站用于控制并调节下个层的温度；第四站(4)，该第四站用于固化产品的层的使用表面；第五站(5)，该第五站用于控制并调节刚刚沉积的层的温度；以及第六站(6)，该第六站用于处理并浸渍该层。

Description

用于通过逐层添加生产圆形产品的机器
目前的逐层粉末烧结机遇到的困难在于，由于工作区域的交替线性扫掠(sweeping)所造成的低生产能力，这是不利的，因为往复运动(该往复运动不利于具有大直径的圆形部件)消耗大量时间，并且因为在容器中生产的部件的冷却非常耗时。
沉积层的温度实际上不连续受控或调节，这在能够应用新层之前需要特定的时间用于冷却，并且随后将完成的部件从保持这些部件的容器移除。
通过逐层堆叠进行构造的原理是固有的，并且自从构造建筑物开始的时期就已经使用，甚至在埃及金字塔之前。
现在允许用渐增的薄层建立具有非常复杂的螺旋形状的产品，这在可用当时的工具制造之前是不可能的，这是由于在所有领域中同时出现的累积的技术进步：
-机械构造的精度，
-树脂聚合、激光粉末烧结、切割薄片以及添加材料，
-添加至软件封装件性能的计算机硬件性能，
-用于在互联网上发送文件的可能性，
-通过直接使用接收的文件制造连续层的机器，
-以及由于CARPYZ计算机工具，其允许具有非常复杂的螺旋形状的新产品的快速 在线制造，并且能够通过将文件发送到世界的任何地方而产生并制造的这些新产品，将这些新产品几乎即刻地从虚拟带到现实。
很多专利均示出了对于基于层进行制造的机器的兴趣：FR 2166526(1973)、US 5,637,175(1997)、EP 1,358,994(2003)、WO2004/108398(2004)等。
旋转圆盘能够将工作相继地分配至围绕该盘放置的站的原理也是非常陈旧的(所谓的传送机)。
可用于逐层构建的机器的这个新设计以及构造是值得注意的，其中，这些机器具有位于下部部分中的圆形的下部容器(B)，该下部容器在固定基座(D)上连续地或逐步地旋转，并且该下部容器的内部设置有接收连续层的独立竖直机动化的柱形冠部(7)，并且在机器的上部部分中，静止部件覆盖该容器并且包括至少一个制造单元，该至少一个制造单元包含在下部容器的圆形部的表面的成角度部分中(图1)，该至少一个制造单元进而被分成多个连续区段，并且沿着截面A-A’，第一区段(1)分配来自储存部的产品的层，第二区段(2)使产品的层的厚度均匀或压缩产品的层，并将过量分配的产品输送至储存部，第三区段(3)使得能够用静止板控制并调节下个层的温度，该静止板优选地为多微孔的，第四区段(4)为这样的，在所述第四区段中，通过激光扫掠待保持的产品的层的使用表面以使使用表面熔化，或者通过喷射附加物扫掠待保持的产品的层的使用表面以使使用表面结块，或通过其他方式扫掠待保持的产品的层的使用表面以改变产品的密度，第五区段(5)使得能够控制并调节刚刚沉积的层的温度，优选地使用具有受控且调节的温度的中空柱形件，该中空柱形件的周边绕层旋转，第六区段(6)使得能够在通过添加补充产品而呈现至接下来的制造单元之前，通过喷雾或通过存在的气体来处理并浸渍该层。
还值得注意的是，独立圆形的冠部(7)各自竖直地凹陷并将容器的表面分成圆形扇形部，该扇形部通过机器的上部部分的六个区段独立地处理，该机器的上部部分的六个区段进而适于各自地处理每个冠部。
当有必要时，多个连续的区段(1至6)的相继位置相对于彼此移动。
下部容器(B)在固定基座(D)上以程序化的方式旋转，并且下部容器和固定基座暂时固定至彼此以用于操作，并且下部容器对于端部设置有提升环(9)以及倾斜环(8)。
在地面上，机动化装置使得在制造期间能够将基座紧固在特定的稳定点上。
应该注意，在制造时期期间，机器保持在一密封且大气受控及温度受控的封壳中，并且下部容器设置有一装置，该装置使得能够使用相容且过滤后的气体来保持微过压，该气体来自所述封壳的受控的大气。
非限制性地提供了示意性附图以及所表示的元件。
附图(图1)在成角度的扇形部上示出了独立制造单元，该独立制造单元进而被分成多个扇形部(1至6)。附图的180°半圆的剩余部分示出了下部容器(B)中的圆形冠部(crown)的俯视图。
附图示出了：第一区段(1)将产品的每层分配到完整的圆形部分上或分配到从下部容器(B)选择的活动圆形冠部上；第二区段(2)使产品的层的厚度均匀或压缩产品的层，并且收回过量的产品；第三区段(3)使得能够控制并调节上游温度；第四区段(4)为这样的，当激光写在产品上时，通过将其熔化或使用其他方法来添加材料或改变产品的密度(consistency)；第五区段(5)使得能够控制并调节下游温度；以及第六区段(6)用于通过喷雾或浸渍或者通过存在的气体或雾而用于添加附加产品。
圆形箭头示出了下部容器的旋转方向，该方向是可逆的(R容器)。
沿着截面A-A’，附图(图2)示出了如非限制性实例的产品分配装置，附图(图3)示出了使产品的层均匀的装置，附图(图4)示出了能够调节温度的装置，并且附图(图5)示出了用于产品的浸渍的喷雾装置。
附图(图6)示意性地且非详尽地示出了下部容器(B)的下部室、圆形容器(C)以及基座(D)的制造细节，该下部室、圆形容器以及基座是在不要求任何新颖性的机器的构造中使用的传统元件，但均为整体的一部分：
(8)倾斜环、(9)提升环、(10)冠部的提升螺纹件、(11)用于螺纹件的保护波纹管(bellow)、(12)螺纹件的马达、(13)用于基座的运动以及机动化提升的装置、(14)用于旋转容器的齿条传动马达、(15)用于在基座上将容器居中定位的中央轴承、(16)电传送环、(17)用于在基座上旋转容器的轴承、(18)灰尘保护裙缘、(19)用于基座自主运动的电池、(20)用于在工作位置中将基座精确地阻挡就位的装置。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，所述机器具有位于下部部分中的圆形的下部容器(B)，所述下部容器在固定基座(D)上连续地或逐步地旋转，并且所述下部容器的内部设置有接收连续层的独立竖直机动化的柱形冠部(7)，并且在所述机器的上部部分中，静止部件覆盖所述容器并且包括至少一个制造单元，所述至少一个制造单元包含在下部容器的圆形部的表面的成角度部分中，所述至少一个制造单元进而被分成多个连续的区段，第一区段(1)分配来自储存部的产品的层，第二区段(2)使所述产品的所述层的厚度均匀或压缩所述产品的所述层，并将过量分配的所述产品输送至所述储存部，第三区段(3)使得能够用静止板控制并调节下个层的温度，第四区段(4)为这样的，在所述第四区段中，通过激光扫掠待保持的所述产品的所述层的使用表面以使所述使用表面熔化，或者通过喷射附加物扫掠待保持的所述产品的所述层的所述使用表面以使所述使用表面结块，或通过其他方式扫掠待保持的所述产品的所述层的所述使用表面以改变所述产品的密度，第五区段(5)使得能够控制并调节刚刚沉积的所述层的温度，第六区段(6)使得能够在通过添加补充产品而呈现至接下来的制造单元之前，通过喷雾或通过存在的气体来处理并浸渍所述层。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，独立圆形的所述冠部(7)各自竖直地凹陷并将所述容器的表面分成圆形扇形部，所述扇形部通过所述机器的所述上部部分的六个区段独立地处理，所述机器的所述上部部分的六个区段进而适于各自地处理每个所述冠部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，所述多个连续的区段的相继位置相对于彼此移动。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，所述下部容器(B)在固定基座(D)上以程序化的方式旋转，并且所述下部容器和所述固定基座暂时固定至彼此以用于操作，并且所述下部容器对于端部设置有提升环(9)以及倾斜环(8)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，在地面上，机动化装置使得在制造期间能够将所述基座紧固在特定的稳定点上。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，在制造时期期间，整个所述机器保持在一密封且大气受控及温度受控的封壳中，并且所述下部容器设置有一装置，该装置使得能够使用相容且过滤后的气体来保持微过压，该气体来自所述封壳的受控的大气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，所述静止板为多微孔的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于设计并构建逐层制造的机器的方法，其特征在于，所述第五区段(5)使得能够使用具有受控且调节的温度的中空柱形件控制并调节刚刚沉积的所述层的温度，所述中空柱形件的周边绕所述层旋转。
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