CN104739467A - Flexible drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument - Google Patents
Flexible drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104739467A CN104739467A CN201310756170.8A CN201310756170A CN104739467A CN 104739467 A CN104739467 A CN 104739467A CN 201310756170 A CN201310756170 A CN 201310756170A CN 104739467 A CN104739467 A CN 104739467A
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- amorphous alloy
- drive element
- cover
- soft drive
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
- A61B2017/07257—Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
- A61B2017/07264—Stapler heads characterised by its anvil characterised by its staple forming cavities, e.g. geometry or material
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments and discloses a flexible drive element, an end effector and a surgical operating instrument. The flexible drive element comprises a head portion, a tail portion, a plate body and at least one amorphous alloy sleeve, wherein the plate body is positioned between the head portion and the tail portion, and the at least one amorphous alloy sleeve covers the plate body. In the technical scheme, the at least one amorphous alloy sleeve enables the flexible drive element to be excellent in rigidity and flexibility so as to effectively transfer driving forces required by instruments, the flexible drive element is less prone to destructive permanent deformation during turning, triggering and retracting, and accordingly difficulty in operation of surgical operating instruments is greatly lowered for surgeons, and simplicity and convenience in a machining process are achieved due to reduction of a welding procedure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medical instruments, particularly relate to a kind of soft drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument.
Background technology
Stapler is a kind of surgical operating instrument often used in surgical operation, has the function of cutting and suture tissue.As shown in Figure 1a, stapler mainly comprises: handle 100, slender bodies 200 and end effector 300, wherein, handle 100 is for being gripped by operator and operating, control to provide and drive, the distally of handle 100 (during operation be nearside near the side of operator, the side away from operator is distally) is connected with end effector 300 by slender bodies 200, and end effector 300 is in the driving of handle 100 and perform cutting to tissue under controlling and sew up.End effector can be divided into orthoscopic and curve formula two kinds according to its structure type, wherein, as illustrated in figs. ia and ib, curves the nail anvil arm 301 of formula end effector and nail kit arm 302 and can rotate around pivotal axis 303 and be locked in and suitable curve angle.
To curve in formula end effector the soft drive element being generally all configured with and can curving with the rotation of nail anvil arm and nail kit arm, as illustrated in figure 1 c, the body of this soft drive element 212 adopts the stitch welding of multi-disc sheet material to form, the proximal end 270 of soft drive element 212 is connected with drive rod (not shown), and the distal end portion 284 of soft drive element 212 is provided with blade 287 and for the closure pin 286 of closed end executor and closure flange (not shown).During use, operator curves end effector, tissue to be cut is placed in the clamp of nail anvil arm and the formation of nail kit arm, driving handle makes drive rod axis advance in the end effector curved to promotion soft drive element 212, closure pin 286 and closure flange will drive the nail anvil arm of end effector relative with nail kit arm closed and by clamp tissue, then soft drive element 212 drives the ejector pin slide block in nail kit arm to promote nail pushing device successively, nail pushing device and then staple is released nail kit and completes percussion, blade 287 cuts the tissue be clamped in clamp, thus complete cutting and the stitching of tissue.
The defect that prior art exists is, soft drive element is in assembling uses, solder joint sealing-off is easily there is between sheet material and sheet material, this can cause the flexure between sheet material with sheet material to be separated, soft drive element or effectively cannot transmit the driving force needed for apparatus not due to rigidity, or (thrum gonosome produces distortion under external force to produce destructive permanent deformation, after external force disappears, distortion is irrecoverable), have influence on driving stroke, these all can increase the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments, and the processing technique of this soft drive element is also comparatively complicated.This problem exists equally in other the similar surgical operating instrument comprising soft drive element.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of soft drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument, this soft drive element has preferably rigidity and flexibility, effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, greatly can reduce the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments, and processing technique is also comparatively easy.
The soft drive element that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising: head, afterbody, plate-like body between described head and described afterbody, and is coated at least one joint amorphous alloy cover of described plate-like body.
In technical solution of the present invention, amorphous alloy cover can make soft drive element have preferably rigidity and flexibility, effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, soft drive element curving, pull the trigger and rollback time, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, greatly can reduce the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments, and owing to decreasing welding sequence, processing technique is also comparatively easy.
Optionally, described amorphous alloy cover is monolayer band coiling cover or multi-layer tapes coiling cover, and described thickness of strip is 0.025 millimeter ~ 0.030 millimeter.Single or multiple lift band coiling cover can improve rigidity and the flexibility of soft drive element, and processing technique is easy, and cost is lower.
Preferably, described amorphous alloy cover is at least two joints and interval is arranged, and the total length of described at least two joint amorphous alloy covers is not less than 2/3rds of described plate-like body length.Can meet integral rigidity and the flexibility of soft drive element like this, and interval arranges amorphous alloy cover can reduce material cost, alleviate the weight of soft drive element.
Optionally, described head and/or described afterbody and described plate-like body are structure as a whole, or described head is fixedly connected with described plate-like body respectively with described afterbody; Described head is plate head portion, and the thickness of described plate head portion is not less than 1 millimeter, and the thickness of described plate-like body is 0.35 millimeter ~ 0.5 millimeter.Like this, plate head portion can provide good rigid support for blade, blade still can keep sharp and not passivation after repeatedly cutting, and plate-like body is in preferably thickness can make soft drive element have preferably rigidity and flexibility, and destructive permanent deformation not easily occurs.
Optionally, described plate-like body comprises rustless steel plate-like body, ti-ni shape memory alloy plate-like body, CuZnAl shape memory alloy plate-like body, copper zinc-nickel memorial alloy plate-like body, amorphous alloy plate-like body, Merlon tabular body, poly-terephthalate p-phenylenediamine (PPD) plate-like body or nylon plate-like body; Described amorphous alloy cover comprises Zirconium based amorphous alloy cover, platino amorphous alloy cover, yttrio amorphous alloy cover, palladio amorphous alloy cover or magnesium-base amorphous alloy cover.
Preferably, described amorphous alloy plate-like body comprises Zirconium based amorphous alloy plate-like body, platino amorphous alloy plate-like body, yttrio amorphous alloy plate-like body, palladio amorphous alloy plate-like body or magnesium-base amorphous alloy plate-like body.
Preferably, described Zirconium based amorphous alloy plate-like body comprises zirconium titanium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy plate-like body; And/or described Zirconium based amorphous alloy cover comprises zirconium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy cover.
Preferably, described amorphous alloy plate-like body is the amorphous alloy plate-like body containing titanium elements.In amorphous alloy plate-like body, add titanium elements, significantly can increase the intensity of plate-like body.
Optionally, described amorphous alloy cover bonding with described plate-like body, splice, rivet, weld or cast and connect.
Optionally, to overlap material identical for described plate-like body and described amorphous alloy.
Preferably, described plate-like body and described amorphous alloy cover are structure as a whole.Plate-like body can be enclosed within same technique with amorphous alloy and be processed to form, and soft drive element has preferably rigidity and flexibility, and processing cost is lower.
The end effector that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the soft drive element described in aforementioned arbitrary technical scheme.In this end effector, soft drive element effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, and destructive permanent deformation not easily occurs, and drives stroke comparatively accurate, greatly reduces the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments.
The surgical operating instrument that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprise the end effector of preceding solution, the soft drive element of this surgical operating instrument effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, make apparatus have preferably performance accuracy and dependability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 a is stapler overall structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 b is that end effector curves schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 c is existing a kind of soft drive component structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 a is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention soft drive element;
Fig. 2 b is the section structure schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention soft drive element;
Fig. 2 c is head, afterbody and plate-like body structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the present invention soft drive element;
Fig. 4 is that soft drive element and connecting rod assemble schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 a is the end effector structures schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 b is the internal structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention end effector.
Reference numeral:
100-hands handle; 200-slender bodies; 300-end effector; 301-nail anvil arm; 302-nail kit arm;
303-pivotal axis; 212-soft drive element; 270-proximal end; 284-distal end portion; 287-blade;
286-closure pin; 210-curves connecting rod; 1-head; 2-afterbody; 3-plate-like body;
4-amorphous alloy cover; 5-closing structure; 6-drive rod; 6a-union joint; 6b-drive rod body;
8-blade.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to effectively transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, reduce the destructive permanent deformation of soft drive element, and then reduce the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments, embodiments provide a kind of soft drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument.In technical solution of the present invention, amorphous alloy cover can make soft drive element have preferably rigidity and flexibility, effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, soft drive element curving, pull the trigger and rollback time, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, greatly can reduce the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments, and owing to decreasing welding sequence, processing technique is also comparatively easy.For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, by the following examples the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 c, the soft drive element of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising: head 1, afterbody 2, plate-like body 3 between head 1 and afterbody 2, and is coated at least one joint amorphous alloy cover 4 of plate-like body 3.
Head 1 is positioned at the distal end portion of soft drive element, can arrange blade 8 and closing structure 5(such as I-beam or Wang Ziliang etc. for closed end executor), afterbody 2 is positioned at the proximal end of soft drive element, can arrange the link slot 7 engaged with drive rod.As shown in Figure 4, drive rod 6 comprises union joint 6a and drive rod body 6b, and wherein, union joint 6a engages with the link slot 7 of soft drive element tail 2, and drive rod body 6b is connected with the drive part (not shown) of apparatus.Plate-like body 3 can be monolithic flexible sheet, also can be stitch welding or stacking more sheets of flexible sheet material.
The concrete material of plate-like body 3 is not limit, preferably elasticity and toughness should be had, metal or non-metallic material can be adopted, wherein the plate-like body 3 of metal material can pass through the technological formings such as mechanical press, punch process, casting, and the plate-like body 3 of non-metallic material can pass through the technological forming such as injection moulding, extruding.Such as, plate-like body 3 can be rustless steel (such as SUS304, SUS301) plate-like body, titanium nickel (Ti-Ni) memorial alloy plate-like body, copper zinc-aluminium (Cu-Zn-Al) memorial alloy plate-like body, copper zinc-nickel (Cu-Zn-Ni) memorial alloy plate-like body, amorphous alloy (such as, Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be zirconium titanium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy) plate-like body, Merlon (PC) plate-like body, poly-terephthalate p-phenylenediamine (PPD) (PPA) plate-like body or nylon (Nylon) plate-like body etc.Wherein, amorphous alloy plate-like body can be Zirconium based amorphous alloy plate-like body, platino amorphous alloy plate-like body, yttrio amorphous alloy plate-like body, palladio amorphous alloy plate-like body or magnesium-base amorphous alloy plate-like body etc.Preferably, amorphous alloy plate-like body is the amorphous alloy plate-like body (such as Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be zirconium titanium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy plate-like body) containing titanium elements.In amorphous alloy plate-like body, add titanium elements, significantly can increase the intensity of plate-like body.
Amorphous alloy cover 4 should have certain rigidity and flexibility, can be Zirconium based amorphous alloy cover (such as Zr-Ni-Cu-Be zirconium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy cover), platino amorphous alloy cover (such as Pt-Cu-Ni-P platinoid nickel-phosphorus alloy cover), yttrio amorphous alloy cover (such as Y-Sc-Al-Co yttrium scandium aluminium cobalt alloy cover), palladio amorphous alloy cover (such as Pd-Cu-Ni-P palladium copper nickel-phosphorus alloy cover) or magnesium-base amorphous alloy cover (such as Mg-Cu-Ag-Gd magnesium copper silver gadpolinium alloy cover) etc.
Consider the application scenario of medical apparatus and instruments, amorphous alloy cover 4 should possess excellent Corrosion Protection, and the amorphous alloy of above-mentioned material overlaps intensity and toughness is better, and corrosion resistance is better, can prevent the accident surgery caused because of corrosion.For Zirconium based amorphous alloy, its yield strength is 1900MPa; Vickers hardness is 550; Density is 6.03g/cm
3; Impact strength is 8J/cm
3; Elasticity is 2.0% original shape; Young's modulus is 93GPa; Specific strength is 311kNm/Kg.In addition, amorphous alloy cover 4 also can adopt the material identical with plate-like body 3, and such as, both all adopt Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be zirconium titanium ambrose alloy beryllium.
The specific constructive form of amorphous alloy cover 4 is not limit, and can be such as single belt material coiling cover or multi-layer tapes coiling cover, thickness of strip be 0.025 millimeter ~ 0.030 millimeter, can be revolved the techniques such as roller quench make molding by single roller.Single or multiple lift band coiling cover can improve rigidity and the flexibility of soft drive element, and processing technique is easy, and cost is lower.
Although plate-like body 3 has preferably elasticity and toughness, easy bending, but because rigidity is inadequate, self effectively cannot transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, outside plate-like body 3, coated amorphous alloy cover 4 can make the rigidity of soft drive element increase, effectively to transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, be easy to the function realizing surgical operating instrument, and the flexibility that soft drive element keeps certain can be made, be easy to curve and to curve rear elastic deformation amount less, soft drive element is curving, when percussion and rollback, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, greatly can reduce the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments.Compared with prior art, the sheet material quantity of soft drive element reduces, and can only adopt a slice flexible sheet, greatly reduce welding sequence, processing technique is also comparatively easy.In addition, because plate-like body 3 is overlapped 4 coated by amorphous alloy, even if plate-like body 3 adopts the more sheets of flexible sheet material of stitch welding, amorphous alloy cover 4 also can effectively prevent the flexure of sheet material to be separated.
Optionally, head 1 and/or afterbody 2 are structure as a whole with plate-like body 3, or head 1 is fixedly connected with plate-like body 3 respectively with afterbody 2 (can adopt connected modes such as riveting, weld).As shown in Figure 2 c, head 1 is plate head portion, and the thickness of plate head portion is not less than 1 millimeter, and the thickness of plate-like body 3 is 0.35 millimeter ~ 0.5 millimeter.Plate head portion can adopt metal material or non-metallic material.During plate head portion employing metal material, can directly be processed to form blade 8; Plate head portion also can adopt the good non-metallic material of rigidity, and blade 8 is embedded in plate head portion (or blade 8 is connected with plate head portion by welding, the mode such as bonding) by mosaic technology.The plate head portion of metal material can make one with the plate-like body of non-metallic material by metal insert Shooting Technique.If plate head portion adopts non-metallic material, plate-like body adopts metal material, then plate head portion and plate-like body also can make one by metal insert Shooting Technique.Plate head portion can provide good rigid support for blade 8, blade 8 still can keep sharp and not passivation after repeatedly cutting, plate-like body 3 is in preferably thickness can make soft drive element have preferably rigidity and flexibility, effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, destructive permanent deformation not easily occurs, and (the too thin meeting of plate-like body 3 thickness causes soft drive element rigidity inadequate, cannot realize marches forward gives to make end effector execution closed, the actions such as cutting and stitching, plate-like body 3 thickness is too thick, and soft drive element flexibility can be caused inadequate, be not easy to curve).
Amorphous alloy cover 4 can adopt bonding, splice, rivet, weld or cast the mode connect and be connected with plate-like body 3.If plate-like body 3 and amorphous alloy overlap 4 adopt identical material, preferably, plate-like body 3 and amorphous alloy overlap 4 and are structure as a whole, like this, plate-like body 3 can be overlapped 4 with amorphous alloy and is processed to form in same technique, soft drive element has preferably rigidity and flexibility, and assembly process reduces, and processing cost is lower.
As shown in Figure 3, amorphous alloy cover 4 can be at least two joints and interval is arranged, and the total length of at least two joint amorphous alloy covers 4 is not less than 2/3rds of plate-like body 3 length.Can meet integral rigidity and the flexibility of soft drive element like this, and interval arranges amorphous alloy cover 4 can reduce material cost, alleviate the weight of soft drive element.
As shown in figure 5 a and 5b, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of end effector, comprises the soft drive element 212 of aforementioned any embodiment.Curving connecting rod 210 by driving can make the nail anvil arm 301 of end effector and nail kit arm 302 rotate around pivotal axis 303, thus end effector is curved.Make drive rod 6 axially promote soft drive element 212 by driving handle to advance in the end effector curved, closing, to the cutting organized and stitching of end effector can be carried out.In this end effector, soft drive element 212 effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, and destructive permanent deformation not easily occurs, and drives stroke comparatively accurate, greatly reduces the difficulty of surgeon manipulate surgical operating theater instruments.
It is worth mentioning that, end effector is not limited to the end effector having cutting and sew up function, as long as end effector is for curving formula and needing soft drive element drives, all can adopt the soft drive element that the embodiment of the present invention provides.Such as, only there is cutting function or only there is the formula that the curves end effector etc. sewing up function.
The surgical operating instrument that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprise the end effector of preceding solution, the soft drive element of this surgical operating instrument effectively can transmit the driving force needed for apparatus, not easily there is destructive permanent deformation, make apparatus have preferably performance accuracy and dependability.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (13)
1. a soft drive element, it is characterized in that, comprise: head (1), afterbody (2), be positioned at plate-like body (3) between described head (1) and described afterbody (2), and be coated at least one joint amorphous alloy cover (4) of described plate-like body (3).
2. soft drive element as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described amorphous alloy cover (4) for monolayer band coiling cover or multi-layer tapes coiling cover, described thickness of strip be 0.025 millimeter ~ 0.030 millimeter.
3. soft drive element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described amorphous alloy cover (4) is at least two joints and interval is arranged, and the total length of described at least two joints amorphous alloy cover (4) is not less than 2/3rds of described plate-like body (3) length.
4. soft drive element as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described head (1) and/or described afterbody (2) are structure as a whole with described plate-like body (3), or described head (1) is fixedly connected with described plate-like body (3) respectively with described afterbody (2);
Described head (1) is plate head portion, and the thickness of described plate head portion is not less than 1 millimeter, and the thickness of described plate-like body (3) is 0.35 millimeter ~ 0.5 millimeter.
5. soft drive element as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described plate-like body (3) comprises rustless steel plate-like body, ti-ni shape memory alloy plate-like body, CuZnAl shape memory alloy plate-like body, copper zinc-nickel memorial alloy plate-like body, amorphous alloy plate-like body, Merlon tabular body, poly-terephthalate p-phenylenediamine (PPD) plate-like body or nylon plate-like body;
Described amorphous alloy cover (4) comprises Zirconium based amorphous alloy cover, platino amorphous alloy cover, yttrio amorphous alloy cover, palladio amorphous alloy cover or magnesium-base amorphous alloy cover.
6. soft drive element as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described amorphous alloy plate-like body comprises Zirconium based amorphous alloy plate-like body, platino amorphous alloy plate-like body, yttrio amorphous alloy plate-like body, palladio amorphous alloy plate-like body or magnesium-base amorphous alloy plate-like body.
7. soft drive element as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described Zirconium based amorphous alloy plate-like body comprises zirconium titanium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy plate-like body; And/or described Zirconium based amorphous alloy cover comprises zirconium ambrose alloy beryllium alloy cover.
8. soft drive element as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described amorphous alloy plate-like body is the amorphous alloy plate-like body containing titanium elements.
9. the soft drive element as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 8, is characterized in that, described amorphous alloy cover (4) is bonding with described plate-like body (3), splice, rivet, weld or cast and connect.
10. soft drive element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plate-like body (3) is identical with described amorphous alloy cover (4) material.
11. soft drive elements as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, described plate-like body (3) and described amorphous alloy cover (4) are structure as a whole.
12. 1 kinds of end effectors, is characterized in that, comprise the soft drive element (212) according to any one of claim 1 ~ 11.
13. 1 kinds of surgical operating instruments, is characterized in that, comprise end effector as claimed in claim 12.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310756170.8A CN104739467A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Flexible drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310756170.8A CN104739467A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Flexible drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument |
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| CN104739467A true CN104739467A (en) | 2015-07-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310756170.8A Pending CN104739467A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Flexible drive element, end effector and surgical operating instrument |
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| CN112147774A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | Scanning actuator and optical fiber scanner |
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| CN112147774A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-29 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | Scanning actuator and optical fiber scanner |
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Address after: 300457 Tianjin Binhai New Area Economic and Technological Development Zone, Fourth Street, No. 5, block B, floor 4 Applicant after: Tianjin Ricky surgical instruments Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 300457 Tianjin Binhai New Area Economic and Technological Development Zone, Fourth Street, No. 5, block B, floor 4 Applicant before: Reach Surgical Instrument (China) Co.,Ltd. |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
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Application publication date: 20150701 |