CN1048529C - Gas drawing method spining technology - Google Patents
Gas drawing method spining technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1048529C CN1048529C CN96113168A CN96113168A CN1048529C CN 1048529 C CN1048529 C CN 1048529C CN 96113168 A CN96113168 A CN 96113168A CN 96113168 A CN96113168 A CN 96113168A CN 1048529 C CN1048529 C CN 1048529C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a spinning method for producing chemical fibers by a solution method, more specifically to a production method that solution flows blown from mould heads are drawn by high-speed air flows of compressed air and are cut into staple fibers. The present invention also provides an air drawn mould head applied to the spinning method. The spinning method has the advantage of simplified technological process, and can prepare fibers through one-step forming.
Description
The present invention relates to the solvent spinning method of chemical fibre, particularly gas drawing spinning process.
First chemical fibre---since cellulose nitrate was born, people constantly invented many chemical fibre new varieties again successively in the world from 1883.Particularly after the World War I, the research of synthetic fiber and exploration have obtained development rapidly, and correspondingly, various spinning process also arise at the historic moment.Use the most general spinning process now and mainly contain melt spinning, dry spinning and wet spinning, with the spun fiber of above-mentioned spinning process also is as-spun fibre, the needs that can not adapt to processing and use just can be applied in the industrial production after must processing its post processing of carrying out a series of complexity.Other all is the special process spinning process that new development is got up as methods such as phase separation spinning, flash-spinning, electrostatic spinning, fiber spinning from crystalline state, reaction spinning.
U.S. Exxon chemical company has succeeded in developing the earliest and has melted and sprayed spining technology and obtained occupancy permit.The meltblown spinning technique is the one-step method production process that granular or powder raw material is directly become cloth, is applicable to that decomposition temperature is higher than the polymer of melt temperature such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), polycaprolactam (PCL) etc.Its concrete technological process is: the thermoplasticity granular polymer of drying machine after dry joined in the hopper, be transported to screw extruder, polymer is heated fusion at this, after the measuring pump metering, enter meltblown beam, under the compressed air stream effect of heat, melt blows out from die head, stretches, cooling under the effect of surrounding air, curing simultaneously, obtain very thin, opaque silk, superfine fibre silk after the curing apparatus that is captured captures, entering the lapping machine through pressure roller and become net, is the nonwoven fabric finished product by side cut, package at last.
According to the literature, the effect that melts and sprays production depends primarily on the flowing velocity of melt, and flowing velocity is relevant with the viscosity of melt again.If raw material has higher viscosity, the mobile performance of melt will variation, and therefore the carrying out of unfavorable melt blown process must degrade in advance to the polymer of poor mobile performance, make its viscosity reach the desired scope of melt-blown process, and reduce even eliminate " caking " that melts and sprays product.The flowing velocity of melt is also relevant with the thermal current speed that melt is blown out from nib, and generally speaking, the diameter of meltblown fibers reduces with the increase of air velocity, but air velocity is too high, easily produces " caking ", causes the fiber end breakage rate to increase.U.S. Pat 3,849,241 reports are when air velocity changes at 29.3-1173kg (sm
3), the flowing velocity of polymer is when 1.67-83.5mg/ (s hole), and prepared fibre diameter is 8-200 μ m, and does not have coarse " caking " generation.
Meltblown beam is that decision melts and sprays one of principal element of product quality, and Fig. 1 has provided a typical meltblown beam structural representation.As can be seen from Figure 1, the middle part of die head cover plate 1 has constituted the passage of melt---melt chamber 2 and capillary 6, and die head cover plate 1 gentle room cover plate 4 has formed air chamber 3 and air slots 5 jointly, and the outlet of air slots 5 is over against the outlet of capillary 6.In U.S. Pat 3,825, provided one group of comparatively ideal meltblown beam design parameter in 380: capillary pipe length A=2.87-50.8mm, capillary inner diameter B=0.076-0.56mm, air-flow slit width G=0.203-0.381mm, α=55-60 ° of capillary protuberance acutance, capillary projection length H=0.15-0.23mm.
Use meltblown explained hereafter superfine fibre nonwoven cloth, have occupation of land less, characteristics such as technological process is short, properties of product are superior.Particularly utilize melt draw-down that high speed slit air-flow directly will extrude from the meltblown beam micropore, cut into staple fibre and a step is made finished product, a series of loaded down with trivial details post processing manufacturing procedures in traditional spinning technique have been saved, therefore simplified process procedure, by industrialization rapidly be applied to many fields.
Yet the meltblown spinning technique still belongs to the melt spinning class, can only be applied to the polymer spinning that melt temperature is lower than decomposition temperature.Be higher than decomposition temperature and adopt the polymer of solvent spinning for melt temperature, also do not have similar process report that can a step spinning fibre finished product at present.
Use for reference the meltblown spinning technique, develop and a kind ofly can be suitable for solvent spinning, with spinning solution high velocity air drawing-off, once-forming and save solvent spinning new method---the gas drawing spinning process of postprocessing working procedures is a goal of the invention of the present invention.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of with the device of realizing the gas drawing spinning process.
The detailed process of gas drawing spinning process of the present invention is: with the spinnability material to make viscosity be the spinning solution of 200-600 centipoise and filter, after the deaeration, with 0.5-3.0kg/cm
2Pressure enter gas and lead die head spray silk, use 8-15m
3The high-speed compressed air of/h flow velocity is just spraying strand drawing-off and the cut-out that gas leads die head, and the drafted fibre of cut-out is through after having preference temperature and sufficiently long heating path to remove solvent, and perhaps dry solidification becomes staple fibre, perhaps directly is compressed to nonwoven fabric.
In order to verify the spinnability of gas drawing spinning, the present invention has designed and the akin single hole spray of meltblown beam structure silk die head, by the simulation spray silk test of single hole die head, prove that it is fully feasible utilizing gas drawing method that one step of spinning solution is spun into superfine fibre.
At first, the present invention improves the structure of spray silk die head, designed be suitable for solvent spinning spray silk die head---gas leads die head.Fig. 2 has provided the structure diagram that gas leads die head.As can be seen from the figure, have the template 6 of boring rib and be embedded in the rectangular channel of die body 4 bottoms, the dual-side symmetry of die body has two cone tanks wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and it has constituted die head air chamber 2 with the circular arc upper cover plate 3 formed spaces that are fixed on the die body 4.Lower cover 5 is fixed on the bottom of die body 4, and corresponding templates 6 awl rib places have the awl groove in the middle of the lower cover, have formed air-flow slit 8 between lower cover 5 and template, the die body.Capillary 7 is arranged at template middle part and stretch out downwards outside the awl groove of lower cover 5, the middle part of die body 4 has longitudinally that solution cavity 9 communicates with capillary 7.Air admission hole 1 is located at the top of upper cover plate 3, and spinning solution is gone out by capillary through solution cavity, and compressed air blows out at a high speed from the awl groove by air chamber and air-flow slit, and the drawing-off spinning solution becomes silk.
In the gas drawing process, less air-flow slit sizes G can make throughput diminish, but when thermal current blowed to spinning solution, drawing-down became fiber must to have enough big gas flow to blow out spinning solution also.The suitable dimension of G is 0.5-4.0mm.
Capillary leads the most critical parts of die head as gas, and the selection of its parameter is just particularly important.After testing, find,, when internal diameter B is 0.2-0.8mm and its draw ratio A/B=20-100, can spray satisfied fiber when capillary pipe length A is 20-50mm.
From the beneath that gas leads die head, tube wall capillaceous is the very thin plane of a circle.It is also suitable that the width on plane is that wall thickness capillaceous is selected, if too thick, then can spinning solution be assembled herein at this dead angle that forms spinning solution, reach a certain amount of after, be blown or drip and form fine " caking "; And if too thin, can bring difficulty to processing, increase processing cost and phenomenons such as too thin capillary also bends easily, distortion under strong slit air-flow effect.Suitable capillary external diameter D=0.4-1.0mm.
Capillary stretches out length H of lower cover awl groove, and H blows out and cut off very big influence for fiber.If stretch out length, the H value is big, can make the drawing-off deficiency of fiber, and quality does not pass a test, and the too little fiber " caking " that can cause of H value increases, and end breakage rate increases, and sprays wadding fibrous.Suitable capillary extension elongation H is 10-40mm.This moment fiber shearing length random distribution in a small range.
In addition, the angle design of template being bored rib becomes 55-95 °, also can prevent the generation of fiber " caking " phenomenon, reduces end breakage rate.The noise that has produced when simultaneously also having eliminated high velocity air by the air-flow slit.
Each gas leads all has several capillary linearities to be arranged on the straight line on the die head, its straight line deviation is no more than 0.10mm.Usually, gas leads that row has 2-4 capillary on the every 10mm distance of die head.
Spinning technique has great influence equally for the shaping of fiber, and therefore, to lead the die design parameter the same with gas, and the selected of spinning technology parameter also is crucial.
The concentration of spinning solution has remarkable influence for being spun to fibre.If spinning solution concentration is low excessively, solvent is excessive, and the solvent major part in the solution thread of capillary ejection can not volatilize in moment, and it is fine that thread can not become; But spinning solution concentration is excessive, and solvent is too small, and the flowability of stoste will variation, be difficult for preorientation in capillary, it is comparatively serious to bounce back, and shows as thread and promptly form jelly after the capillary ejection, stop up capilar bore, produce " paste plate " phenomenon, thereby influence normally carrying out of spinning.Therefore, be necessary within limits with the control of spinning solution concentration.The spinning solution concentration that different polymer produces " paste plate " phenomenon has nothing in common with each other, yet finds that the spinning solution of different polymer has common viscosity parameter in the concentration range of its suitable spinning: the 200-500 centipoise.
Feeding pressure and compressed-air actuated flow that gas leads die head exert an influence to thickness and the fibre cutting that spins fiber jointly.When compressed air require was constant, feeding pressure was big more, and it is thick more to spin fiber; Pressure is more little, and fiber is thin more.The control feeding pressure, the diameter that spins fiber diminishes with the increase of compressed air require, if but compressed air require is too high, be easy to generate " caking ", cause the increase of fiber end breakage rate.Through repeated multiple times spinning test, find to be controlled at 0.5-3.0kg/cm when gas leads the die head feeding pressure
2, compressed air require is controlled at 8-15m
3During/h, the fiber that blows out has been eliminated " caking " phenomenon basically.
Lead fiber that die head blows out through high speed slit air drawing by gas, after being cut to the staple fibre of certain-length, fall into a long enough, have the heating path of preference temperature, further remove the solvent solidified forming at this path middle short fiber, be caught storage to collect and to enter pressure roller and be pressed into nonwoven fabric.
The solution that the present invention provides spins new method makes spinning solution one step forming spinning nonwoven fabric become possibility, simultaneously, because its technology is simple, greatly reduces production cost, has improved production efficiency, has reduced the loss of fiber.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that melts and sprays meltblown beam in the spining technology;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram that gas leads die head in the gas drawing spinning process of the present invention;
Be a concrete Application Example of gas drawing spinning process below.
Embodiment:
Accurately take by weighing sodium alginate 300 grams and join in the 2000ml there-necked flask that has stirring, add 500ml distilled water and left standstill 2 hours, make the sodium alginate swelling.
In the good sodium alginate of swelling, add the 500ml steaming again and stay water, slowly be warming up to 50-60 ℃, stir down and within 30 minutes, be warming up to 80-90 ℃, steady temperature stirred 1-2 hour, add a small amount of polyalcohol therebetween, mixed fully, concentration is the spinning solution of 30% (parts by weight).At 45 ℃ is 350 centipoises with its rotary viscosity of rotary viscosity design determining down.
Through entering in the deaeration cylinder after the filter filtration, 70-80 ℃ of control deaeration cylinder temperature connected atmosphere to the spinning solution for preparing, and closes gas valve after natural deaeration 5-8 hour under 70-80 ℃ of condition.
Regulate temperature control system and control pressurer system, make: spinning machine gas leads die head district temperature at 60-70 ℃, heating path district and fiber capture and transmit district's temperature at 100 ± 20 ℃, compressed-air actuated humidity is at 65%-85%, enter compressed air temperature that gas leads die head at 50-70 ℃, compressed air require 10m
3/ h, spinning solution feeding pressure 1kg/cm
2
Under pressure, spinning solution is through filter, and conveying pipeline enters the solution cavity that gas leads die head, forms the solution thread through capillary.Compressed air humidification after oil removing, decompression, filtration, metering is heated and is entered air chamber, and blows out from the air-flow slit.Under compressed-air actuated effect, the solution thread is drafted, dewaters and cuts into the staple fibre that comes rule, and staple fibre is by 80-100 ℃ long heating path of 2-4 rice, falls on the fiber trap after further being dehydrated into formation.
The staple fibre that trap is collected can become the sodium alginate nonwoven fabric by pressure roller compacting back oven dry, also can directly dry the sodium alginate staple fibre of making loose shape.The moisture that is spun into fiber is less than 10%.
Claims (6)
1, utilize the solution of spinnability material to produce the gas drawing spinning process of fiber, comprise the preparation spinning solution, the filtration of spinning solution, deaeration, spinning solution enters gas and leads die head spray silk, the strand drawing-off, the drafted fibre process has suitable preference temperature to remove solvent with sufficiently long heating path and dry solidification becomes several procedures of fiber, and it is characterized in that: the viscosity of described spinning solution is the 200-500 centipoise, and spinning solution is with 0.5-3.0kg/cm
2Pressure enter gas and lead die head, described strand drawing-off is to adopt 8-15m
3The high speed hydraulic fluid air draught of/h flow velocity will just spray gas and lead the solution thread drawing-off of die head and cut into staple fibre.
2, a kind of device that is used to realize the described gas drawing spinning process of claim 1, it is characterized in that the gas that it includes a gas drawing fiber leads die head, described gas leads die head and is made up of die body (4), upper cover plate (3), lower cover (5) and template (6), dual-side symmetry at die body (4) has two cone tanks wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, bottom center has a rectangular channel, and template (6) the awl rib that has an awl rib is embedded in downwards in the rectangular channel of die body (4) bottom; Being fixed on circular arc upper cover plate (3) on the die body (4) and the space between die body (4) has constituted gas and has led die head air chamber (2); Be fixed on and constituted the air-flow slit (8) that communicates with air chamber (2) between die body (4), the template (6) and made the awl groove become compressed-air actuated outlet; There is capillary (7) at template (6) middle part and stretches out downwards outside the awl groove of lower cover (5); The middle part of die body (4) has longitudinally, and solution cavity (9) communicates with capillary (7); Air admission hole (1) is located at the top of upper cover plate (3).
3, device according to claim 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned length A=20-50mm capillaceous, and internal diameter B=0.2-0.8mm, outer diameter D=0.4-1.0mm, capillary stretch out lower cover length H=10-40mm, slit air-flow width G=0.5-4.0mm.
4, device according to claim 2, the draw ratio that it is characterized in that above-mentioned long capillary tube is A/B=20-100.
5,, it is characterized in that the angle of template awl rib is 55-95 ° according to claim 2 or 3 described devices.
6, device according to claim 2 is characterized in that gas leads on the die head interval linear array capillary with every 100mm2-4, and capillary straight line deviation is not more than 0.10mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96113168A CN1048529C (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1996-10-21 | Gas drawing method spining technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96113168A CN1048529C (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1996-10-21 | Gas drawing method spining technology |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1157862A CN1157862A (en) | 1997-08-27 |
| CN1048529C true CN1048529C (en) | 2000-01-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96113168A Expired - Fee Related CN1048529C (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1996-10-21 | Gas drawing method spining technology |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1048529C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334269C (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2007-08-29 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | Manufacturing device and method of preparing for nanofibers via electro-blown spinning process |
| CN100593592C (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2010-03-10 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Apparatus for electro-blowing or blowing-assisted electro-spinning technology and process for post treatment of electrospun or electroblown membranes |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102517663B (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中原工学院 | Method for preparing microporous fibers by applying melt blowing and spinning of supercritical fluid |
| CN111676526B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-09-01 | 山东丁鼎科技发展有限公司 | Melt-blown fabric spinning module, melt-blown fabric die and melt-blown fabric manufacturing method |
| CN116695266B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-17 | 江苏新视界先进功能纤维创新中心有限公司 | Air draft system, device comprising same and application |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3825380A (en) * | 1972-07-07 | 1974-07-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Melt-blowing die for producing nonwoven mats |
| US3849241A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1974-11-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Non-woven mats by melt blowing |
-
1996
- 1996-10-21 CN CN96113168A patent/CN1048529C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3849241A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1974-11-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Non-woven mats by melt blowing |
| US3825380A (en) * | 1972-07-07 | 1974-07-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Melt-blowing die for producing nonwoven mats |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334269C (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2007-08-29 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | Manufacturing device and method of preparing for nanofibers via electro-blown spinning process |
| CN100593592C (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2010-03-10 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Apparatus for electro-blowing or blowing-assisted electro-spinning technology and process for post treatment of electrospun or electroblown membranes |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1157862A (en) | 1997-08-27 |
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