CN105095634A - Migration velocity model building method based on geological mass - Google Patents
Migration velocity model building method based on geological mass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a migration velocity model building method based on a geological mass, and belongs to the field of oil, gas and earthquake exploration. According to the present invention, on the basis that an initial velocity model is used for performing migration imaging, the quality of the migration imaging is analyzed, a position with inadequate imaging is found, a reason of the inadequate imaging is determined, and a region of speed modification is determined; the region that needs the speed modification is divided into small blocks, and small block data is used for building a new speed field, and migration processing on different velocity values is performed, and an appropriate velocity of imaging is determined according to a migration result; and repetitive cycle iterations are performed until velocity model accuracy that meets the requirements is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas seismic exploration field, be specifically related to a kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass.
Background technology
In the migration processing of oil seismic exploration three-dimensional data, migration velocity is the key parameter determining imaging processing effect, it not only requires that the size of velocity amplitude makes diffracted wave restrain, and requires that the variation tendency of speed is the correct response of underground geologic bodies transitivity change.The establishment of Migration velocity model, majority adopts stack velocity by after the conversion of Dix formula, then carry out horizontal level and smooth, as initial migration velocity field model.Conventional main method has:
1, iterative scans method: utilize three-dimensional overlay velocity field, by the migration velocity field that Dix formula conversion acquisition one is initial, data-bias imaging is carried out in increasing or the reduction of carrying out speed on this basis again, depending on the rationality of its architectonic imaging effect determination speed, finally determine migration velocity field through loop iteration repeatedly.Shortcoming is that workload is large, computing time is long, human factor is many, for tectonic relief change greatly or the region of shatter belt be difficult to acquisition velocity field more exactly.
2, synthem method: utilize stack velocity data, in conjunction with explanation tectonic structure layer, by the t of layer
0time sets up the interval velocity of each layer, after the process such as smothing filtering, obtains the average velocity of each layer by accumulative, then for skew after demarcating with drilling data.Shortcoming is that workload is large, complicated operation, is difficult to effectively apply in complex structural area.
3, time slice method: with three-dimensional overlay speed data, three-dimensional bin coordinate data, data based on well-shooting data, stack velocity to be changed by Dix formula and well data is demarcated and determined interval velocity, after velocity correction is level and smooth, determine interval velocity again, interval velocity is replaced and calculates between two time slices.The method and synthem method similar, but relatively simpler than synthem method, do not need meticulous synthem to explain, reduce interpretation errors.Shortcoming cannot effectively apply for the area without well data.
Oil seismic exploration needs high-precision migrated seismic section, when pre-stack time migration process, set up one accurately rate pattern be very crucial.The method for building up of rate pattern has multiple, but all needs, through correction repeatedly and perfect, just can reach rate pattern demand more accurately.Usual employing stack velocity sets up initial rate pattern, and this model often exists some errors with true geology image taking speed.Need the speed correction carrying out the later stage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass is provided, convenient and swiftly set up the higher Migration velocity model of precision exactly, improve the precision of seismic migration imaging, reduce calculations of offset amount, save computing time, speed is determined accurately, effectively set up Migration velocity model more accurately efficiently, thus obtain the migrated seismic section of degree of precision.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Based on a Migration velocity model method for building up for geological mass, utilizing initial velocity model to carry out on the basis of migration imaging, analyzing the quality of migration imaging, find out the position of imaging deficiency, be specified to the reason that picture is not enough, determine the region that speed is revised;
To needing the Region dividing carrying out speed amendment to become fritter, small block data being set up a new velocity field, and carrying out the migration processing of friction speed value, be specified to as rational speed according to migration result;
Through repetitive cycling iteration, until obtain the rate pattern precision met the demands.
Described method comprises:
(1) input seismic processing data, set up initial velocity model;
(2) overall geology block designs;
(3) determine speed modification region, form geological mass;
(4) scope of geological mass is designed;
(5) erection rate of described geological mass is determined: by changing speed percentage value, different rate patterns is set up to each geological mass;
(6) geological mass migration imaging: to each geological mass use step (5) to set up to the different rate pattern of geological mass should carrying out migration processing and obtain migration imaging result;
(7) the migration imaging result that obtains of step display (6);
(8) effect analysis: the described migration imaging result analyzing each geological mass, interpretive analysis judges whether rationally the position adjusted is playbacked, whether accurately to playback, whether met geologic rule, if met, then effect reaches requirement, if do not met, then effect does not reach requirement;
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, in this way, then enter step (10), as no, then return step (5);
(10) output speed aggregate speed field;
(11) the bulk velocity field merged and offset data is exported.
Described step (1) is achieved in that
Utilize the speed analyzed during stacking image, velocity amplitude excessive or too small is individually adjusted to circumferential speed close;
In the region that stack velocity fluctuations is larger, after smoothing process, produce an initial velocity model.
Described step (2) is achieved in that
The crossline direction of initial velocity model (i.e. three-dimensional entirety data) is designed to x direction, and in-line direction is designed to y direction, and time orientation is designed to z direction.A three-dimensional system of coordinate is formed like this by x, y and z;
The design of x direction is spaced apart the integral multiple of CDP number;
The design of y direction is spaced apart the integral multiple of trace spacing;
Z direction: the time, the time interval was 100 milliseconds from 0 millisecond.
The design of x direction is spaced apart 10 CDP numbers; The design of y direction is spaced apart 10 earthquake number of channels.
Described step (3) is achieved in that
Find out migration imaging data position playback unreasonable, playback inaccurate regional extent, determine the scope of three coordinates of each regional extent, i.e. speed modification region, gets into data block, i.e. a geological mass by tectonic structure corresponding for the data area of this speed modification region.
Described step (4) is achieved in that
According to the geologic structure at test data place and the feature of geologic horizon, suitably expand the scope of described geological mass, specific as follows:
When tectonic position is dipping bed, the direction that dips down expands, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
When tectonic position is flat bed, expand to surrounding, expand 3-5 km;
When tectonic position is tomography, expand to tomography downdip direction, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
When tectonic position is projection, expand to protruding below, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
The most described geological mass expands as cubical data.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: because initial velocity exists the error with actual imaging speed, during skew, geologic horizon playback is inaccurate, causes tectonic structure to produce error.Adopt this method conveniently can go out the seismic imaging speed more close with actual imaging speed by Realization analysis, earthquake information can be made to playback rational position when imaging, make the imaging and focusing of big cross section, fractured subterranean formation reflection is clear, upper and lower interface imaging is reasonable, constructs clear, and resolution characteristic improves, stratum reflection strong or weak relation and wave group feature are obviously given prominence to, and are easy to geologic structure interpretation and carry out integrated geological interpretation etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is geological mass global design schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-1 is that the first choosing in schematic diagram of geological mass chooses schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-2 is that the second that geological mass is chosen in schematic diagram chooses schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-3 be geological mass choose in schematic diagram the third choose schematic diagram.
Fig. 3-1 is the data block input range schematic diagram of tilted strata.
Fig. 3-2 is data block input range schematic diagram of acline.
Fig. 3-3 is data block input range schematic diagram of cross-section structure.
Fig. 3-4 is data block input range schematic diagram that protruding (complexity) constructs.
Fig. 4 is the step block diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 5-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section of major fault.
Fig. 5-2 is the migrated sections of the major fault utilizing this method to obtain.
Fig. 6-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at position, deep layer buried hill.
Fig. 6-2 is the migrated sections at the position, deep layer buried hill utilizing this method to obtain.
Fig. 7-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at first position in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7-2 is the migrated sections at first position in the embodiment 1 utilizing this method to obtain.
Fig. 8-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at second position in embodiment 1.
Fig. 8-2 is the migrated sections at second position in the embodiment 1 utilizing this method to obtain.
Fig. 9 is the initial velocity model migrated section in example 2.
Figure 10 is the migrated section in the example 2 utilizing this method to obtain.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The Migration velocity model that the present invention is based on geological mass analyzes the advantage that method for building up has uniqueness, and can make up the deficiency of above-mentioned existing method and additive method, the Migration velocity model precision of acquisition is high.
Utilizing initial velocity model to carry out on the basis of migration imaging, analyzing the quality of migration imaging, find out the position of imaging deficiency, be specified to the reason that picture is not enough, determine the region that speed is revised.To needing the Region dividing carrying out speed amendment to become fritter, small block data set up a new velocity field, and carry out the migration processing of friction speed value, be specified to as rational speed according to migration result.This process need through repetitive cycling iteration several times, until meet the requirements of rate pattern precision.
Specific implementation process is as follows:
The foundation of 1 basal rate model
The first step of migration velocity analysis sets up initial rate pattern.Utilize the speed analyzed during stacking image, carry out simple speed correction according to tectonic characteristics and (velocity amplitude excessive or too small is individually adjusted to circumferential speed close.), and carry out necessary zonal smoothing processing (in the region that stack velocity fluctuations is larger, need smoothing process) produce an initial rate pattern afterwards and (utilize stack velocity by root-mean-square velocity conversion formula, produce a rate pattern after conversion, be initial velocity model.)。Process is below exactly utilize this model to carry out careful speed correction and iteration, determines that establishing final migration velocity field offsets for final geology according to geology migration imaging precision.
The design of 2 geological mass
The crossline direction of three-dimensional entirety data is designed to x direction, and in-line direction is designed to y direction, and time orientation is designed to z direction.A three-dimensional system of coordinate is formed like this, as shown in Figure 1 by x, y and z.
The specific design of actual three dimensional seismic data:
X direction: the minimum unit in this direction according to the setting of CDP line-spacing, as CDP be 25 meters time, can be a cell cube by 10 CDP, namely 250 meters.
Y direction: as trace spacing be 25 meters time, designing 250 meters is a cell cube;
Z direction: the time, design time was spaced apart 100 milliseconds from 0 millisecond, as writing time be 6000 milliseconds time, be divided into 60 cell cubes the time.
Design cell body spread pattern is: x
1, x
2, x
3..., x
n, y
1, y
2, y
3..., y
m, z
1, z
2, z
3..., z
60, wherein, n is the space-number of x coordinate direction, and m is the space-number of y coordinate direction.
Choosing of 3 geological mass
(refer to that the position playback of migration imaging data (as high-dip structure, major fault, stratum, inclination angle etc.) is unreasonable, playback inaccurate regional extent by needing to carry out speed adjustment.) tectonic structure corresponding to data area get into a data block, be called " geological mass ", and this data area is generally associated with tectonic structure.Then this " geological mass " is carried out to adjustment analysis and the migration imaging of speed.
The method chosen: according to the migrated section of process, to the data position needing to revise, determines the scope of three coordinates, as chosen: 1. x
50, y
60, z
10, 2. x
50, y
60, y
61, z
10, z
11, 3. x
100, x
101, y
90, y
91, y
92, z
100, z
101, z
102, z
103, respectively as shown in Fig. 2-1 to Fig. 2-3.
The determination principle of 4 block sizes
Determine need carry out the data scope of testing after, according to the geologic structure at test data place and the feature (as: flat bed, tiltedly layer, complex structure body and section etc.) of geologic horizon, suitably expand the scope (data volume of input) of input operational data body to meet the demand of structural offset playback.Specific Principles is: a, when tectonic position is dipping bed, and the input data direction that will dip down expands, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to; B, when tectonic position is flat bed, input data will expand to surrounding, general expand 3-5 km; C, when tectonic position is tomography, input data to expand to tomography downdip direction, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to; D, when tectonic position is projection, input data will expand to protruding below, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to.As shown in Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-4.The last data that these expand are all cubical data.
5 realization flows
On the basis of initial velocity, carry out the migration imaging of initial velocity, the speed modification region of analyzing is gone forward side by side line speed adjustment and skew, determines final migration velocity field according to geology imaging results.The process of specific implementation is: to the geological data through utilizing initial velocity model migration processing, carrying out the distribution design of overall geological mass, forming a data block met in xyz coordinate system; To the inaccurate regional extent of data analysis determination speed and block number, in the scope needing speed correction, choose corresponding sub-geological mass, small block data body is carried out the local offset of real-time friction speed, according to interpretation of result determination velocity amplitude; Aforesaid operations is carried out to the region of all Water demand, aggregate speed field (all speed is merged by connection, interpolating method) after all blocks operation complete, after obtaining final speed correction model, this final speed model is utilized to carry out final migration imagery process to overall data, the flow process of specific implementation as shown in Figure 4, comprising:
(1) seismic processing data are inputted;
(2) overall geology block designs;
(3) speed modification region is determined;
(4) design section block scope;
(5) a point geological mass erection rate is determined: by changing speed percentage value, set up several different rate pattern;
(6) geological mass migration imaging is divided: the model of the friction speed using previous step to set up carries out migration processing);
(7) display analysis migration imaging result;
(8) effect analysis: analyze the data after migration imaging, interpretive analysis judges whether rationally the position (as high-dip structure, major fault, stratum, inclination angle etc.) adjusted is playbacked, whether accurately to playback, whether met geologic rule;
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, in this way, then enter step (10), as no, then return step (5);
(10) output speed aggregate speed field: the speed of first output modifications, merges after all speed being determined together again;
(11) overall offset data are exported.
Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2 is positions of a major fault, and Fig. 5-1 is initial velocity model migrated section, and Fig. 5-2 is the migrated sections adopting this method to obtain, and can find out that the imaging and focusing of big cross section is better, the reflection of fractured subterranean formation upper abdomen stratum is clear.
Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 is positions, a deep layer buried hill, Fig. 6-1 is initial velocity model migrated section, Fig. 6-2 is the migrated sections adopting this method, can find out that buried hill end face imaging is clear, inside story reflection have also been obtained improvement, the stratum catoptric imaging wave group feature at top, buried hill is clear, and unitary construction is rationally obvious, is easy to stratum and follows the trail of and explain.
Example 1: adopt this method to carry out application process at the HY block in certain oily district, achieve effect preferably.Fig. 7-1 to Fig. 8-2 is 2 different parts of same seismic data, and Fig. 7-1 is the imaging processing effect adopting initial velocity, and Fig. 7-2 is the imaging processing effects after adopting this method.Fig. 7-2 section 2 step tomography is clear, and the stratum reflectance signature between tomography is obvious; Fig. 8-1 is the section of original place reason, and Fig. 8-2 is the processing profiles after adopting this method to improve.The tomography of Fig. 8-2 is clear, and the imaging of section lower abdomen geological interface is clear, is easy to structure elucidation and later stage geological research.
Example 2: certain oily district BD block data.Fig. 9 is the section of original place reason, and Figure 10 is the processing profiles after adopting this method to improve.Speed correction has been carried out at 2 positions when this data process in emphasis dialogue chromosphere, obviously find out that the section wave group feature after improvement is obvious, stratum catoptric imaging is reasonable, constructs clear, resolution characteristic improves, and is easy to geologic structure interpretation and carries out integrated geological interpretation.
The present invention convenient and swiftly can set up the higher migration velocity of precision exactly, utilizing initial velocity model to carry out on the basis of migration imaging, analyzing the quality of migration imaging, find out the position of imaging deficiency, be specified to the reason that picture is not enough, determine the region that speed is revised.To needing the Region dividing carrying out speed amendment to become fritter, small block data set up a new velocity field, and carry out the migration processing of friction speed value, be specified to as rational speed according to migration result.After obtaining accurate rate pattern, skew diffraction can Complete Convergence, and inclination lineups can better playback, and obtain high-quality imaging section, is easy to structure elucidation and later stage research thereof.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (7)
1. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass, it is characterized in that: described method is carried out on the basis of migration imaging utilizing initial velocity model, analyze the quality of migration imaging, find out the position of imaging deficiency, be specified to the reason that picture is not enough, determine the region that speed is revised;
To needing the Region dividing carrying out speed amendment to become fritter, small block data being set up a new velocity field, and carrying out the migration processing of friction speed value, be specified to as rational speed according to migration result;
Through repetitive cycling iteration, until obtain the rate pattern precision met the demands.
2. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described method comprises:
(1) input seismic processing data, set up initial velocity model;
(2) overall geology block designs;
(3) determine speed modification region, form geological mass;
(4) scope of geological mass is designed;
(5) erection rate of described geological mass is determined: by changing speed percentage value, different rate patterns is set up to each geological mass;
(6) geological mass migration imaging: to each geological mass use step (5) to set up to the different rate pattern of geological mass should carrying out migration processing and obtain migration imaging result;
(7) the migration imaging result that obtains of step display (6);
(8) effect analysis: the described migration imaging result analyzing each geological mass, interpretive analysis judges whether rationally the position adjusted is playbacked, whether accurately to playback, whether met geologic rule, if met, then effect reaches requirement, if do not met, then effect does not reach requirement;
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, in this way, then enter step (10), as no, then return step (5);
(10) output speed aggregate speed field;
(11) the bulk velocity field merged and offset data is exported.
3. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step (1) is achieved in that
Utilize the speed analyzed during stacking image, velocity amplitude excessive or too small is individually adjusted to circumferential speed close;
In the region that stack velocity fluctuations is larger, after smoothing process, produce an initial velocity model.
4. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step (2) is achieved in that
The crossline direction of initial velocity model is designed to x direction, and in-line direction is designed to y direction, and time orientation is designed to z direction.A three-dimensional system of coordinate is formed like this by x, y and z;
The design of x direction is spaced apart the integral multiple of CDP number;
The design of y direction is spaced apart the integral multiple of trace spacing;
Z direction: the time, the time interval was 100 milliseconds from 0 millisecond.
5. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the design of x direction is spaced apart 10 CDP numbers; The design of y direction is spaced apart 10 earthquake number of channels.
6. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step (3) is achieved in that
Find out migration imaging data position playback unreasonable, playback inaccurate regional extent, determine the scope of three coordinates of each regional extent, i.e. speed modification region, gets into data block, i.e. a geological mass by tectonic structure corresponding for the data area of this speed modification region.
7. the Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step (4) is achieved in that
According to the geologic structure at test data place and the feature of geologic horizon, suitably expand the scope of described geological mass, specific as follows:
When tectonic position is dipping bed, the direction that dips down expands, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
When tectonic position is flat bed, expand to surrounding, expand 3-5 km;
When tectonic position is tomography, expand to tomography downdip direction, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
When tectonic position is projection, expand to protruding below, the migration aperture scope needed when expanding skew to;
The most described geological mass expands as cubical data.
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