CN105160075A - Application of automatic flow measurement mathematical model for farmland irrigated area open channel - Google Patents
Application of automatic flow measurement mathematical model for farmland irrigated area open channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105160075A CN105160075A CN201510483985.2A CN201510483985A CN105160075A CN 105160075 A CN105160075 A CN 105160075A CN 201510483985 A CN201510483985 A CN 201510483985A CN 105160075 A CN105160075 A CN 105160075A
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Abstract
Application of an automatic flow measurement mathematical model for a farmland irrigated area open channel. The application refers to application of realizing automatic flow measurement for the farmland irrigated area open channel based on the automatic flow measurement mathematical model for the farmland irrigated area open channel; the mathematical model is composed of a flow measurement device and a control system; and according to the application, a flow measurement device model for the irrigated area open channel is fixed above a measured channel, a swing rod is placed into the open channel, water flow impacts the swing rod to enable the swing rod to deflect by a certain angle, the deflection angle of the swing rod is acquired through an impulse signal of an photoelectric encoder, and the deflection angle of the swing rod is compared with a previously established mathematical model so as to obtain channel flow of the farmland irrigated area open channel. According to the application, the mathematical model is established, and the waterflow is utilized to impact the swing rod to enable the swing rod to deflect by a certain angle so as to detect the flow of the farmland irrigated area open channel; through singlechip technical processing, automatic flow measurement for the farmland irrigated area open channel is realized and the flow measurement precision is improved; furthermore, the price is low, and the application is convenient for popularization and application of an irrigated area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow device and flow measurement method thereof, specifically, that the fork of measuring automatically flow mathematical model is inserted in open channel, water impact fork makes it deflect certain angle, by the angle that the pulse signal acquisition fork of photoelectric encoder deflects, this angle and the mathematical model set up before are compared, draws the flow of irrigated area, farmland free flow channel.
Background technology
Flow detection has consequence in irrigation and water conservancy and hydrologic survey industry, and it is the important component part of measuring technology.Realize the real-time detection to open channel flow rate, key is that can flow quantity detecting system detect flow value timely and accurately.Along with the development of science and technology, pick-up unit and the method thereof of open channel flow rate also get more and more.The open channel flow rate measuring method that China always uses, based on velocity_area method, weir notch method, stage discharge relation method, also has experimental dilution gauging, and acoustic method flow measurement also becomes new a kind of flow measurement means gradually.
Based on traditional triangular-notch weir flow measurement in open channel measurement, mainly utilize the relation of weir head and flow to calculate canal capacity size.Triangular-notch weir measurement of discharge calculation expression: Q=Ch
5/2wherein C represents that relevant channels coefficient can be tabled look-up and tries to achieve, h is weir head, this flow measurement is simple to operate, unknown parameter only has h, is easy to obtain canal capacity, but water level fluctuation is larger when water table ratio is higher, corresponding height is not reached to the elevation carrection precision of water level, thus there is error in flow meter calculation.
Along with the introducing of sound wave injects new technology to open channel flow measurement, ultrasonic probe is mainly utilized to remove to measure the flow velocity of respective point on survey line, utilizing the relevant knowledge of hydro science, can calculate by one point method, three point method, five-spot etc. and try to achieve the last survey line flow velocity in cross section, pair cross-section tries to achieve cross sectional flow rate mean flow rate by survey line flow velocity after dividing, utilize formula Q=AV and velocity_area method, the section flow of calculation.This measuring method is relatively complicated, but it can reflect the mobility status of water outlet more accurately, and flow measurements is relatively accurate.
Also the use of a series of electromagnetic flowmeter is had at present, main is also according to " flow velocity-water level " algorithm, by the real-time calculating of microprocessor, accurately measures the speed of current, and then obtain flow value, but apply comparatively widely because electromagnetic flowmeter has in open channel is measured.But because it is expensive, installation and debugging are more complicated than other flowmeter and require the shortcoming such as stricter, make it not use more widely.
The above-mentioned existing device and method that can detect canal capacity, its weak point remains the constraint of the aspects such as the economic condition being subject to measurement environment and user, its range of application is restricted, simple based on a kind of structure of this development research, flow measurement rapid and convenient, with low cost, applied range and not being very important by the field irrigation open channel measuring automatically flow devices and methods therefor of the impact of flow measurement environment.
Summary of the invention
For open channel flow measurement method and principle, want accurately to calculate section flow, need to measure section point velocity and water level correlation parameter, as long as have barrier in water, all can there is huge change in the fluidised form of water, thus cause the inaccurate of point velocity, affect flow measurement, when water level is higher, water level fluctuation is larger, water level measurement accuracy requires not reach, and also greatly can affect volume computation, holds at present be difficult to SEA LEVEL VARIATION and point velocity, often cause producing measuring error, affect measuring flow.
For overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide the application of irrigated area, a kind of farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions.
An application for irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, described in it, application is based on irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, realizes the application of irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow;
Irrigated area, described farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model is that design one irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is fixed on above tested channel, channel water level is controlled by controlling SEA LEVEL VARIATION in tank, the equal uniform flow of different flow is formed after stable level, different flow is to the different deflection angles that should have device, angle transfers to single-chip microcomputer by photoelectric encoder, flow is measured by triangular-notch weir or flowmeter, the series of values of acquisition is fitted to the function curve of an angle and flow, this function curve is determined by repeatedly testing, set up angle flow mathematical model, different channel mathematical model write Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program will be set up, compared with measuring angle value with reality channel to be measured, thus export channel flow value to be measured,
The described application realizing irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow is fixed on above tested channel by an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model, fork is inserted in open channel, water impact fork makes it deflect certain angle, by photoelectric encoder pulse signal acquisition fork deflection angle, by fork deflection angle compared with the mathematical model set up before, draw irrigated area, farmland free flow channel flow;
Described irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is made up of current surveying device and control system; Its measurement mechanism is supported with monitor station forms a door type structure by symmetrically arranged channel deck being fixed with lifting support, and be set up on the free flow channel of irrigated area, farmland; Be provided with infrared ambulator I in one end of monitor station, the other end is provided with controller watchcase, and stepper motor I and stepper motor II are arranged at the two ends of monitor station, and by screw mandrel connection of rotating; Screw mandrel is provided with fork and photoelectric encoder, infrared ambulator II and level meter by encoder-mounting bracket; Its control system is provided with single-chip microcomputer, signals collecting and transmission circuit, power supply, test and mode selecting button and liquid crystal display in instrument control enclosure, and have infrared ambulator I, infrared ambulator II, photoelectric encoder and lifting support by line connection control.
Wherein, the open channel road of irrigated area, described farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model is the one in U-shaped, ladder type and square type.
The application of above-mentioned provided irrigated area, a kind of farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model of the present invention is provided, compared with prior art, the advantage had and good effect as follows.
Instant invention overcomes the constraint that irrigated area, existing farmland open channel measuring automatically flow device and method is subject to the aspect such as measurement environment and economic condition, make current surveying device structure simple, flow measurement flow measurement method rapid and convenient, with low cost, applied range and not by the impact of flow measurement environment, have more actual application value.
The present invention, by founding mathematical models, utilize water impact fork to make it deflect certain angle to detect irrigated area, farmland open channel flow rate, and measuring automatically flow realizes mainly through singlechip technology process.Singlechip technology is as a kind of new technique means of microelectronic age, because of the advantage that it has that volume is little, price is low, function is strong, travelling speed is fast, reliability is high and easy to use and flexible etc. is unique, for in the open channel measuring automatically flow of irrigated area, farmland, improve flow measurement precision, achieve online real-time continuous to detect, and cheap, be convenient to irrigated area and apply.
Current measured technology and sensing technology, automatic control technology have been carried out organic combination by the present invention.Adopt angular deflection farmland open channel to be carried out to the real-time detection of flow, decrease the input of manpower and materials, little and be easy to installation and maintenance to external environment influence, certain basis has been established to the development of modern open channel flow rate detection industry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the application structure schematic diagram of this irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model.
Fig. 2 is the control circuit block diagram of the application of this irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model.
In figure: 1: channel deck; 2: lifting support; 3: monitor station; 4: stepper motor I; 5: infrared range-measurement system I; 6: screw mandrel; 7: controller watchcase; 8: LCDs; 9: channel model select button; 10: measure switch; 11: instrument case deck; 12: stepper motor II; 13: fixed screw; 14: encoder-mounting bracket; 15: photoelectric encoder; 16: shaft coupling; 17: fork; 18: level meter; 19: infrared range-measurement system II.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further detailed, enable professional and technical personnel make farmland of the present invention open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model according to embodiment, and described farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model can be applied measure canal capacity to be measured, numerical monitor remote monitoring.
Concrete enforcement this irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model a kind of.In U-shaped, the trapezoidal or rectangular canal of the standard specification must set up in laboratory, a kind of irrigated area open channel being surveyed device stream mathematical model is fixed on above channel, controlled the water level in channel by the change controlling water level in tank, after different stable levels, form the equal uniform flow of different flow.Different flows correspond to the different angular deflection of device, and angle transfers to single-chip microcomputer by photoelectric encoder, and flow triangular-notch weir or flowmeter are measured, and the series of values obtained is fitted to a function curve about angle and flow.Determined the reliability of this function curve by repeated multiple times experiment, the mathematical model of angle flow can be set up.A large amount of experimental datas and actual canal survey demonstrate the reliability of mathematical model, the mathematical model of this novelty also establishes a kind of brand-new flow measurement method, and mathematical model is the extensive work of inventor's early stage in laboratory, can not bring any trouble to the producer and user.Mathematical model is enrolled in control system program, and user only needs simple operations.
The application of irrigated area, a kind of farmland of concrete enforcement open channel measuring automatically flow model is fixed on above tested channel by an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model, and the fork of current surveying device is inserted in open channel, water impact fork makes it deflect certain angle, by the angle that the pulse signal acquisition fork of photoelectric encoder deflects, this angle and the mathematical model set up before are compared, draws the flow of irrigated area, farmland free flow channel.
The mounted cast of irrigated area, a kind of farmland of concrete enforcement open channel measuring automatically flow, comprises measuring system, control system, vertical lifting bracket, horizontal shift platform and wireless communication module; Wherein
This measuring system comprises photoelectric encoder mounting bracket 14, photoelectric encoder 15, shaft coupling 16 and fork 17.The horizontal shift platform that described measuring system is moved left and right by encoder-mounting bracket 14 and control survey system is connected, and described photoelectric encoder 15 is Omron 500 line scrambler; Described shaft coupling 16 is auxiliary products with photoelectric encoder 15; Described fork 17 is diameters is 5mm, and weight is 200 grams, and length is the aluminum alloy solid pole of 60cm, during concrete detection angles, ditch water flow impacts fork, makes fork have the deflection of certain angle, photoelectric encoder 15 carrys out recording angular value by the change of pulse, and imports in Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program.
This control system, namely the integrated circuit of system mainly concentrates in instrument control enclosure 7, comprise single-chip minimum system, signals collecting and transmission circuit, power supply, test and mode selecting button, liquid crystal display, the core of described control system is single-chip minimum system, in the angle discharge model write single-chip microcomputer of the different channels that experiment is set up, single-chip microcomputer is also responsible for each signal of Acquire and process, comprises width and the altitude signal of acquisition channel, channel model, the control signal etc. of two stepper motors, and the flow value being obtained channel by angular deflection numerical value.Described power module comprises a 12V independent current source, and provides 5V power supply by Voltage stabilizing module.
This vertical lifting bracket comprises channel deck 1, lifting support 2, stepper motor I 4 and fixed screw 13.Described Fixing clamp-seat 1 adopts aluminum alloy material, can be fixed on channel to be measured by whole device screw and nut, and the lower end of described lifting support 2 is welded on channel deck 1, is controlled the vertical movement of lifting support 2 by stepper motor I 4.
This horizontal shift platform comprises monitor station 3, infrared range-measurement system 5, screw mandrel 6; Stepper motor 12 and level meter 18.Be that described horizontal shift platform is fixed on monitor station 3, the measurement of flow is carried out in the most centre position that the rotation controlling screw mandrel 6 by stepper motor II 12 makes measuring system occupy channel.The distance that described infrared range-measurement system I 5 is used for surveying horizontal direction sends in single-chip microcomputer the motion controlling motor, and described level meter 18 is used for detection level displacement platform whether level.
This wireless communication module transmits data by bluetooth serial ports and computer or mobile phone, and staff can be made to real-time monitor flow value.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention made and illustrating.
As shown in Figure 1, implement the application of irrigated area, a kind of farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, comprise angle measuring mechanism, described angle measuring mechanism is by encoder-mounting bracket 14, and high precision photoelectric scrambler 15, shaft coupling 16 and fork more than 17 part are formed.The screw mandrel that encoder-mounting bracket 14 moves left and right with control angle measuring mechanism is connected, fork 17 is diameters is 5mm, weight is 200 grams, length is the aluminum alloy solid pole of 60cm, during concrete detection angles, ditch water flow impacts fork 17, makes fork 17 have the deflection of certain angle, photoelectric encoder 15 carrys out recording angular value by the change of pulse, and imports in Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program.Fig. 1 also comprises controller watchcase 7, and instrument case support 3, instrument case has liquid crystal display 8, Channel Selection button 9 and power switch and Test Switchboard 10.Instrument case support 3 is used for fixing instrument case 7, control module and single-chip microcomputer is comprised in instrument case 7, signals collecting and signal circuit, wireless transmission bluetooth module and power supply, support is also fixed with infrared range-measurement system 5,19, level meter 18, two stepper motors I 4 and stepper motor II 12, and screw mandrel 6.In the mathematical model write single-chip microcomputer that previous experiments is set up, infrared range-measurement system I 5 detects the width of channel and imports numerical value into single-chip microcomputer, and Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program process rear drive stepper motor rotary screw rod makes fork occupy channel middle position to carry out measurement of angle.The flow value that angle converts channel to by the mathematical model that early stage sets up the most at last is presented in liquid crystal display 8, wireless transmission bluetooth module can realize the wireless transmission of data in certain distance, level meter 18 is used for adjusting gear makes its level, infrared range-measurement system II 19 is used for pick-up unit apart from the distance of channel bottom, 12V accumulator powers to whole control module, and provides 5V power supply by Voltage stabilizing module.The liquid crystal display 8 in the instrument case 7 panel upper left corner is used for showing the flow value of open channel, and Channel Selection button 9 has 3 buttons, respectively can gating rectangular canal, U-shaped channel, this several frequently seen open channel of trapezoidal channel.Channel model is selected according to concrete channel, the mathematical model that different patterns is corresponding different during use.Fig. 1 also comprises stationary installation channel draw-in groove 1, lifting support 2 and fixed screw 13.Lifting support 2 is fixed on channel to be measured by channel draw-in groove 1 fixed screw 13, and lifting support 2 controls its lifting by stepper motor I 4.
During concrete use, simply easy to operate, only with fixed screw 13, channel draw-in groove 1 need be fixed on channel both sides to be measured, and reference level instrument 18 is by whole device leveling, opening power, selects channel model, presses testing button, driven by program stepper motor drives screw mandrel and lifting table to make fork 17 occupy test optimum position, then canal capacity to be measured is presented in liquid crystal display 8.
Flow quantity detecting system miscellaneous is there is in current every field at home and abroad.But many pick-up units are usually subject to the restriction of all many condition, as expensive, the limitation of environment for use, the difficulty etc. of fixing link, their usable range is restricted.Measuring automatically flow apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, cheap, and easy to operate.This farmland open channel measuring automatically flow device can solve the drawback that traditional water gaging method exists to a certain extent, and can realize automatic measurement and the Real-Time Monitoring of flow.Price is much cheap relative to other water gaging methods simultaneously, has broad application prospects.
The foregoing describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention; the technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not by the restriction of above-mentioned embodiment; the just principle of the present invention described in above-mentioned embodiment and instructions; under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications; these changes and improvements all will fall in the claimed scope of the invention, and the protection domain of application claims is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. an application for irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, described in it, application is based on irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, realizes the application of irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow;
Irrigated area, described farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model is that design one irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is fixed on above tested channel, channel water level is controlled by controlling SEA LEVEL VARIATION in tank, the equal uniform flow of different flow is formed after stable level, different flow is to the different deflection angles that should have device, angle transfers to single-chip microcomputer by photoelectric encoder, flow is measured by triangular-notch weir or flowmeter, the series of values of acquisition is fitted to the function curve of an angle and flow, this function curve is determined by repeatedly testing, set up angle flow mathematical model, different channel mathematical model write Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program will be set up, compared with measuring angle value with reality channel to be measured, thus export channel flow value to be measured,
The described application realizing irrigated area, farmland open channel measuring automatically flow is fixed on above tested channel by an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model, fork is inserted in open channel, water impact fork makes it deflect certain angle, by photoelectric encoder pulse signal acquisition fork deflection angle, by fork deflection angle compared with the mathematical model set up before, draw irrigated area, farmland free flow channel flow;
Described irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is made up of current surveying device and control system; Its measurement mechanism is supported with monitor station [3] forms a door type structure by symmetrically arranged channel deck [1] being fixed with lifting support [2], and be set up on the free flow channel of irrigated area, farmland; In one end of monitor station [3], infrared ambulator I [5] is installed, the other end is provided with controller watchcase [7], stepper motor I [4] and stepper motor II [12] are arranged at the two ends of monitor station [3], and by screw mandrel [6] connection of rotating; Screw mandrel [6] is provided with fork [17] and photoelectric encoder [15], infrared ambulator II [19] and level meter [18] by encoder-mounting bracket [14]; Its control system is provided with single-chip microcomputer, signals collecting and transmission circuit, power supply, test and mode selecting button and liquid crystal display in instrument control enclosure [7], and have infrared ambulator I [5], infrared ambulator II [19], photoelectric encoder [15] and lifting support [2] by line connection control.
2. the application of irrigated area, farmland as claimed in claim 1 open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, the open channel road of irrigated area, described farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model is the one in U-shaped, ladder type and square type.
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| CN114001710A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-01 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | High-precision channel flow cross-section area measuring device and measuring method |
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