CN105264352A - Method and device for determining an average parameter of a fluid in a closable container - Google Patents
Method and device for determining an average parameter of a fluid in a closable container Download PDFInfo
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- CN105264352A CN105264352A CN201380077200.0A CN201380077200A CN105264352A CN 105264352 A CN105264352 A CN 105264352A CN 201380077200 A CN201380077200 A CN 201380077200A CN 105264352 A CN105264352 A CN 105264352A
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- fluid
- pipeline
- temperature
- pressure
- blocking element
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers
- G01M3/3263—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers using a differential pressure detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
- G01K3/02—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values
- G01K3/06—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values in respect of space
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/42—Circuits effecting compensation of thermal inertia; Circuits for predicting the stationary value of a temperature
- G01K7/427—Temperature calculation based on spatial modeling, e.g. spatial inter- or extrapolation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
- H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
- H01H33/563—Gas reservoirs comprising means for monitoring the density of the insulating gas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/065—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects
- H02B13/0655—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects through monitoring changes of gas properties
Abstract
A method for determining an average temperature of a fluid in a closable container (1) comprising: providing a duct (4) with first opening (11a) and second opening (11b), positioning a flow preventing element (7) in the duct (4), positioning a density sensor (3) or first pressure sensor (3) inside the duct (4) or container (1), attaching the duct (4) to a container outside wall, stabilizing a temperature of the duct wall (10) to a constant reference value, determining a difference between a first pressure of the fluid on one side and a second pressure of the fluid on the other side of the flow preventing element (7), measuring a local density of the fluid by the density sensor (3) and/or a local pressure by the first pressure sensor (3), and deriving the average temperature from the local differential pressure, the local density and the reference duct temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to according to independent claims, for determine can fluid in closed container mean parameter method, for the measurement mechanism of the method and measurement components.Measurement mechanism can leak for the fluid in the fluid insulation formula switchgear in test fluid container and in such as power delivery and distribution system especially, particularly Leakage Gas.
Background technology
Fluid insulation formula switchgear in power delivery and distribution system is well-known.These devices comprise gas-insulating type switchgear (GIS), such as isolating switch.GIS device has outer enclosure, and the inside of this outer enclosure is filled with insulating gas, such as SF
6(sulfur hexafluoride).The gas flow of GIS inside must have the value higher than critical level, to avoid dielectric insulation performance degradation; But due to material porosity, burn into seal defectiveness etc., gas can leak into environment.This is undesirable, because there is reason above-mentioned, and because gas can damage to the environment potentially, such as, at SF
6when gas, it causes the possibility of global warming very high.Therefore, need the content of monitoring GIS, and detect the potential Leakage Gas from encapsulation.In order to the leakage in gas-monitoring insulating switch apparatus, follow the trail of pressure, temperature standard pressure or density.But only pressure survey is not suitable for detecting leak rate (such as in a day or in several days) rapidly, change and the pressure change that causes because reckon without environment and running temperature.Temperature standard pressure measuring value ρ
normprovided by following
p norm=
p meas×
T norm/
T meas
Suppose it is ideal gas characteristic, wherein,
t normselected standardized temperature (such as 298K), and
p measwith
t measthe pressure recorded and the temperature recorded in local respectively.Must make pressure normalised, reliably to calculate the gas gross (gross mass) comprised in container accordingly.
t measalso can be the mean value (arithmetic mean or fully weighted mean value) of some measured temperatures.For the typically uneven Temperature Distribution in switchgear sealing cover, need medial temperature
t avcorrectly calculate gross mass, that is, average density in container.
t measusually be not
t avgood estimation.Therefore, use
t measpressure measuring value standardization is made to be only limited for the use of high precision Leak Detection.Density measurement does not at first sight rely on the impact of these pressure and temperatures, but it also needs to carry out temperature standard, because it is local measurements, and can not represent the average density in sealing cover.Perfect gas law is provided by following
，
Wherein, ρ is density,
mthe known molal weight of gas,
ppressure, and
rit is universal gas constant.Although pressure is constant in the sealing cover of GIS, its tolerance is about 100Pa, and density depends on the local temperature at measuring position place.Therefore the Temperature Distribution in volume is just in time interrelated with Density Distribution.Again, density measure standardization can be made with following equation in principle
。
Therefore, measure identical restriction with temperature standard and be also suitable for, preferably, add that temperature survey should be desirably density measure point place, at least to obtain the good estimation of local standard density.
In order to overcome these challenges, typically via on long-time interval (several thoughtful several years), measured value being taken the mean, to smooth the change that temperature compensation deficiency causes, determining leak rate.
P-measures and the temperature compensation of ρ-measurement is intended to compensation pressure and local density to the dependence of temperature.In both cases, use local temperature to measure, wish that it represents the medial temperature in compartment.But, at the run duration of switchgear or when solar radiation is to encapsulation heating, form large thermograde, thus cause the local temperature not good to the estimation of mean gas temperature to be measured.Medial temperature is estimated roughly by using the multiple temperature sensors being dispersed in the exterior circumferential of encapsulation.In order to make density or
p/
ttrend obvious, the long duration takes the mean to measurement Leak Detection can be caused to postpone, and therefore unnecessarily contaminated environment.
Attempt when T-sense position is the least possible, used distributed temperature sensor and computational fluid dynamics to simulate the medial temperature derived in container.But the method is unpractical, because it is neither general, any given geometrical construction easily can not be expanded to.So far still fail to solve actual and rapidly (that is, when there is no large quantity sensor or not taking long to) determine the problem of the good estimation of mean gas temperature.
Summary of the invention
Thus, target of the present invention improves measuring accuracy, and therefore improve the Leak Detection time, and reduce the cost of measurement of type above-mentioned.This target is realized by the theme of the independent claims quoted completely here.Embodiment is derived from dependent claims and any claim combinations and description and accompanying drawing.
In a first aspect of the present invention, target can the method for average physical parameter of fluid in closed container be solved for determining by a kind of, and the method comprises the following steps:
A) pipeline with the first opening and the second opening is provided,
B) flow blocking element is positioned at the first level place, makes flow blocking element extend across the whole xsect of pipeline,
C) density sensor and/or the first pressure transducer are positioned at the second level place of the inside of pipeline or container,
D) pipeline is attached on container, is particularly attached on the outer wall of container, the first opening is connected in the first vessel port, and the second opening is connected on second container opening,
E) prover pipe channel temp is limited,
F) by means of the differential pressure pickup between the both sides being arranged in flow blocking element, or by means of being arranged in second on the either side of flow blocking element and the 3rd pressure transducer, difference between the second pressure partial pressure differential being defined as the fluid on the first pressure of the fluid on the side of flow blocking element and the opposite side of flow blocking element
G) local density of fluid is measured with density sensor, and/or with the first pressure transducer also measure local pressure, and
H) average physical parameter is drawn according to partial pressure differential, local density or local pressure and prover pipe channel temp.
In an embodiment, along from the second opening until the pipeline of flow blocking element extends limit prover pipe channel temp, or limit prover pipe channel temp along whole pipeline.
In an embodiment, in step e) in, be pipeline constant reference value by making the temperature stabilization of the fluid of pipe interior, and/or by making the temperature stabilization of duct wall or duct wall be constant reference value, and/or by determining the mean flow temperature of pipe interior, and/or by determining mean pipe wall temperature, limit prover pipe channel temp.Here, as mentioned above, pipeline can represent that the pipeline between flow blocking element and the second opening extends, or can represent whole pipeline.
In an embodiment, according at least one temperature value recorded along pipeline, preferably according to multiple temperature value, determine mean flow temperature and/or the mean pipe wall temperature of prover pipe channel temp, particularly pipe interior.In addition, pipeline is attachable on the outer wall of container.In all embodiments, pipeline can represent that the pipeline between flow blocking element and the second opening extends, or can represent whole pipeline.
In a second aspect of the present invention, target is solved according to the measurement mechanism of method of the present invention for performing by a kind of.Device comprises the pipeline with at least one wall and the first and second openings, the flow blocking element at the first level place being arranged in pipeline, the density sensor being arranged in the second level place of pipeline and/or the first pressure transducer, be arranged in the differential pressure pickup at flow blocking element place or second and the 3rd pressure transducer, the partial pressure differential between their first pressure of fluid on the side measuring flow blocking element and the second pressure of the fluid on the opposite side of flow blocking element.
In an embodiment, flow blocking element is for stoping the stream by pipeline, and especially wherein, flow blocking element is used for stoping by the first opening outflow conduit or flowing to ducted fluid stream.
Opening is advantageously suitable for being connected to can on the corresponding opening of closed container.
In one embodiment, be connected to by thermal insulation element can on closed container for pipeline.
In another embodiment, flow blocking element at the first level place, makes flow blocking element extend across the whole xsect of pipeline in the internal placement of pipeline.Density sensor and/or the first pressure transducer in the positioned internal of pipeline or container at the second level place.
In yet another embodiment, measurement mechanism comprises for making pipeline and the heat-insulating insulation course of its environment, and preferably, insulation course covers at least one wall of pipeline substantially completely.
In another embodiment, measurement mechanism comprises the temperature adjustment device of the temperature of at least one wall for adjusting pipeline further.
In another embodiment, temperature adjustment device is arranged between at least one wall and insulation course of pipeline.
In a third aspect of the present invention, target by a kind of comprise measurement mechanism and can closed container measurement components solve.The pipeline of measurement mechanism is attached on the outer wall of container, its first opening is connected in the first vessel port, and its second opening is connected on second container opening.Measurement components comprises at least one data acquisition and treating apparatus further, to fetch sensing data from the density sensor of measurement mechanism and/or the first pressure transducer and/or differential pressure pickup and/or the second pressure transducer and/or the 3rd pressure transducer, and at least calculate the value of the average physical parameter of the fluid in container.
In an embodiment, average physical parameter can be the medial temperature T of fluid
avand/or the average density ρ of fluid
normand/or the temperature standard pressure p of fluid
normand/or the mean catalyst density of fluid and/or fluid mass.
Measurement mechanism according to a second aspect of the invention for by means of method according to a first aspect of the invention, measures the leakage of the fluid leaving or enter in fluid insulation formula switchgear, particularly gas-insulating type switchgear especially.
Method according to the present invention is general, and can be applicable to wherein must accurately and promptly to understand the medial temperature of confined gas volume or all scenario of average density or quality or container.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Embodiments of the invention, advantage and application are produced by means of figure by dependent claims and following description.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional elevational view according to the embodiment of measurement components of the present invention,
Fig. 2 shows the more detailed cross-sectional view of the measurement components of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the exemplary curve of average physical parameter that method according to the present invention draws and the curve determined by theory calculate.
Embodiment
Example for high-tension circuit-breaker describes the present invention, but principle described below is also applicable to the purposes in the present invention's what its confined gas container in office or device or switchgear.Term " top ", " top ", " bottom ", " bottom " and similar term are relative to the vertical direction provided by gravity (being similar to top and the bottom of figure).In context of the present disclosure, the term relevant with container " can be closed " and represent that container can have opening, and such as, in order to introduce dielectric fluid, but these openings can seal airtightly, and seal between the operating period of container especially.Such opening is used for connecting according to measurement mechanism of the present invention and container.Term " pressure transducer " relates to absolute pressure and measures.Term " level " with originate in horizontal h
0direction z (indicating in fig. 2, such as vertically) relevant.If use it to describe the object or container 1, then horizontal h that extend along direction z
0these objects or container 1 can be indicated bottom.
Substantially, the first level refers to the level at flow blocking element location place, and the second level refers to the level at density sensor and/or the first pressure transducer location place.
In an embodiment, the first level is the upper level h at flow blocking element location place, and the second level is the lower horizontal h at density sensor and/or the first pressure transducer or location place
0, or vice versa.
In alternative or extra embodiment, the first level refers to the level at the first opening conduit location place, and/or the second level refers to the level at the second opening conduit location place.
In alternative or extra embodiment, first level refers to the level at the opening location place of that pipe section without prover pipe channel temp, and/or the second level refers to the level at the opening location place of that pipe section with prover pipe channel temp.
Such as, the first level refers to the level at flow blocking element location place, and the second level refers to the level at the opening location place of the pipe section with prover pipe channel temp.In another example, the first level is the upper level h at flow blocking element location place, and the second level is the lower horizontal h at the lower openings location place of pipeline
0.
Fig. 1 display is according to the cross sectional elevation of the embodiment of measurement components of the present invention, and measurement components comprises the gas-insulating type switchgear (GIS) 1 of simplification, and it is connected on simplified measurement device 1a.GIS1 is can the example of closed container 1, and comprises outer sealing cover 8a and internal bus 8b (that is, electric conductor 8b).Note, in order to clearly reason, do not show most of element of GIS1 here.Measurement mechanism 1a comprises pipeline 4, and pipeline 4 has the first opening 11a and the second opening 11b, and pipeline 4 is connected on the sealing cover 8a of GIS1.The xsect of pipeline 4 is round in this case, make pipeline 4 have single duct wall 10, but it also can have another shape, such as rectangle, and therefore can have multiple duct wall 10.Opening 11a, 11b are suitable for being connected to can on the corresponding opening of closed container 1.In this illustration, in order to clearly reason, the first opening 11a will be called open top 11a, and the second opening 11b then will be called bottom opening 11a.
The volume that the volume of pipeline 4 limits between the sealing cover 8 by GIS1 1/10 and 1/1000000 between.But the size of pipeline 4 can be depending on the shape of GIS1 and/or volume and changes.
The connection of pipeline 4 and GIS1 is realized by the thermal insulation element 5 connected for each.In this example, insulation component 5 is PTFE adapters, but also can use and be applicable to making duct wall 10 and sealing cover 8a other material heat-insulating.Measurement mechanism 1a can comprise further for the valve of each in the first opening 11a of pipeline 4 and the second opening 11b or self-sealing valve (not shown), leaks into ambient atmosphere to avoid fluid from sealing cover 8a.
The first level place on the sidepiece that top between pipeline 4 and container 1 connects provides differential pressure pickup 2, and the second level place on the sidepiece that connects of the bottom between pipeline 4 and container 1 provides density sensor 3.In this illustration, the second level is lower than the first level; But, the also position of commutative two sensors 2,3.The function of illustrating described sensor 2,3 in more detail and attached will be connected below with Fig. 2.
Measurement mechanism 1a comprises the temperature adjustment device 12 of the temperature for the wall 10 or multiple wall 10 adjusting pipeline 4 further, and 6 pairs, source temperature adjustment device 12 supplies power.
Fig. 2 shows the more detailed sectional view of the measurement components of Fig. 1.
Flow blocking element 7, preferred flexible barrier film 7 is arranged so that the fluid circulation between pipeline 4 and container 1 is only suppressed by flexible partition 7.Barrier film 7 extends across the whole xsect of pipeline 4.In this illustration, barrier film 7 covers the open top 11a of pipeline 4 completely.But barrier film 7 also can be arranged in another position of pipeline 4 inside.Preferred according to the layout of this example, because which simplify the setting of differential pressure pickup 2.
Flow blocking element 7 stops has any exchange from the material of side and the opposite side of flow blocking element 7.In addition, such as, flow blocking element 7 can be athermanous, to keep the reference temperature of pipeline preferably in side, and keeps the local temperature of existence in container 1 on another side.But situation may be that two temperature are identical, and on thermal resistance fluid element 7, do not need heat isolation.Pressure reduction should be kept on flow blocking element 7.This pressure reduction is derived from the pipeline reference temperature T on the side being present in flow blocking element 7
1with the partial container temperature be present on the opposite side of flow blocking element 7.Flow blocking element 7 can at the first level be arranged on any position of pipeline 4 higher than bottom or bottom second level or height or At The Height.In an embodiment, mean pipe temperature can exist only in the low portion of the pipeline extended below the position of flow blocking element 7, and vessel temp distribution then can be present in the upper part of the pipeline extended above the position of flow blocking element.In embodiment more specifically, flow blocking element 7 is arranged in first or upper opening 11a region of pipeline 4, and whole pipeline 4 has reference temperature T
1.
Do not use barrier film 7, but rigid walls 7 can be used as flow blocking element 7.In addition, do not use density sensor 3, or except using density sensor 3, the first pressure transducer 3 can be used.In addition, differential pressure pickup 2 can by second and the 3rd pressure transducer (not shown) replace.In this case, the second pressure transducer is arranged so that it can pressure on the side of measuring diaphragm 7 or wall 7.Therefore, the 3rd pressure transducer is arranged so that it can measure the pressure on the opposite side of wall 7.Difference is obtained by the difference calculated between two force value recorded.
In an embodiment, at gravity vertical direction (z), the second level is lower than the first level, or vice versa.
In an embodiment, flow blocking element 7 covers one in the first opening 11a or the second opening 11b completely, and density sensor 3 and/or the first pressure transducer 3 are positioned at another opening 11b, 11a place.
Density sensor 3 is arranged in the region of bottom opening 11b.In this illustration, density sensor 3 be arranged in pipeline 4 bottom opening 11b and can closed container 1 correspondence opening between boundary.This is preferred, in order to simplify the setting of density sensor 3.But density sensor 3 also can be arranged in pipeline 4 or can the inside of closed container 1, is preferably in the level (relative to vertical pivot z) of the level being different from differential pressure pickup 2.In fig. 2, the level error between two sensors 2,3 (that is, differential pressure pickup 2 and density sensor 3) is represented by Δ h, and Δ h equals h – h
0.
Pipeline 4 is airtight by the preferred thermal insulation layer 9 be made up of insulating sleeve, to make duct wall 10 and environment heat insulation.Temperature adjustment device 12 is heating tape 12 in this illustration, and it is arranged between insulating sleeve 9 and duct wall 10.It being understood that and also can use other temperature adjustment device 12, such as, be positioned at pipeline 4 inside and the resistive conductor controlled by voltage source 6.Such as also can be susceptible to when pipeline 4 be made of metal and with container 1 electric isolution, use pipeline 4 itself to adjust temperature as resistive element.
PTFE adapter 5 and insulating sleeve 9 are used for avoiding external temperature on the impact of the temperature of pipeline 4 as far as possible.In order to obtain accurate measurement, the temperature of pipeline must be stable as far as possible, because use this measurement as reference temperature
t 1.
In one embodiment, measurement mechanism 1a comprises valve module and/or pump assembly (not shown) further, with measurement mechanism 1a and before can connecting between closed container 1 from pipeline 4 Exhaust Gas.By eliminating the impact of the atmosphere be present in pipeline 4, and by farthest reducing the dielectric insulation gas of GIS inside by the pollution of atmospheric gas, this advantageously makes to improve measuring accuracy becomes possibility.
When measurement mechanism 1a is used for keeping in repair and diagnose populated gas-insulating type switchgear, valve and/or pump assembly and self-sealing valve are particularly preferred, because these elements allow there is connection between measurement mechanism 1a and container 1, this connection can be realized, make when when setting up described connection, the fluid atmosphere in container 1 is substantially constant about density, temperature and pressure.Alternatively or in addition, pipeline 4 can be pre-charged with the fluid identical with container 1, make the density in container 1 and pressure even more unaffected.
Below, by not only considering pending action, but also considering basic mathematics and physical basis, using description to the method for the average physical parameter determining the fluid in sealing cover 8a.For this example, mean parameter to be determined is can the medial temperature of fluid in closed container 1
t av.But, alternatively or in addition, mean catalyst density and/or the fluid mass of the average density of fluid and/or the temperature standard pressure of fluid and/or fluid also can be drawn.The step supposing to perform method a) to d), these steps represent with measurement components those relevant steps are set.Thus, in the installment state of measurement components, fluid enters into pipeline 4 by bottom opening 11b spread out.
In this state, the temperature of the gas of pipeline 4 inside
t 1equal the temperature of duct wall 10 or multiple duct wall, and such as by by means of temperature adjustment device 12 water back wall 10, make temperature
t 1stabilize to constant reference value.Alternatively, mean pipe wall temperature can be determined according to the multiple temperature values recorded along pipeline 4.By reference temperature
t 1be adjusted to and be different from that be present in or suppose to be present in can the value of temperature in closed container 1.
The medial temperature of gas in the volume of closed container 1 and barrier film 7 place of difference between two volumes 1 and 4 between the medial temperature of the gas in the volume of pipeline 4 can cause pressure reduction.Reference temperature within the duct 4
t 1after stable, by means of differential pressure pickup 2 by described partial pressure differential Δ
pdifference between the second pressure being defined as the fluid on the first pressure of the fluid on the side of barrier film 7 and the opposite side of barrier film 7.This is illustrated by the curved shape of barrier film 7 in fig. 2.
(on the left side of barrier film 7, the minimum point higher than pipeline 4 is at the top place of pipeline 4
h 0height Δ
h) the pressure of fluid be,
Wherein,
hrepresent height,
t 1represent reference temperature,
h 0represent the minimum point of pipeline 4,
mrepresent the known molal weight of fluid,
prepresent with height and/or reference temperature
t 1the pressure changed,
rrepresent universal gas constant, and
grepresent acceleration of gravity.Fluid can be the potpourri of pure material or material.
According to barometric equation, the right side of barrier film 7 at the pressure of the fluid at the top place (that is, inner at container 1) of pipeline 4 is,
Wherein,
t avthe medial temperature of the fluid of sealing cover inside:
。
Therefore, the pressure reduction on barrier film 7, that is, the pressure that differential pressure pickup 2 is recorded to is:
。
Can be for
t avseparate this expression formula, such as, if by using Taylor expansion
e x =1+
xfirst two carry out approximate expression:
。
Separate 1/
t avobtain:
。
Due to above measurements and calculations, thus according to partial pressure differential Δ
p,
h 0the local pressure at place is measured and prover pipe channel temp
t 1, showing that average physical parameter is feasible, is can fluid T in closed container 1 in this case
avmedial temperature.
t avcan be used to now to make to record pressure criteria and change into selected standardized temperature
t norm, thus all pressure changes that elimination mean gas temperature change inherently causes.
Now, the medial temperature of fluid has been had
t av, by the local density ρ of the medial temperature compensator fluid with fluid
meas, also show that the average density of fluid is feasible.
To this, the equation of fluid state must be considered, thus carry out selecting being feasible between the known different models of thermodynamics those skilled in the art.
Such as, ideal gas characteristic is supposed
。
At the local density ρ that the density sensor 3 at the bottom place of pipeline 4 is recorded to
measfor:
。
Make now this density criterion, to consider that it is with reference temperature
t 1for the local density of foundation.
。
1/
t avsubstitution produce now and facilitate equation:
。
ρ
normbe the good approximation of the actual density in container 1, and therefore represent the gross mass of the fluid in container 1.Thus, it can be used as the Quick Measurement for detecting leakage.Therefore, partial pressure differential can be used to measure and local density measure draw can the correct density of fluid in closed container 1, as long as there is constant reference temperature in benchmark pipeline 4
t 1.Amount
h-h 0known and for constant.The pipeline 4 of temperature stabilization is used as benchmark relative to container 1, and to temperature field integration, thus produce medial temperature by means of barometric equation.In order to understand the amplitude of produced pressure reduction, calculating in figure 3 and providing typical value.
In another example, use a Beattie-Bridgeman state equation (EOS), produce:
k, L, Mwith
nit is the specific parameter of convection cell.This is well-known, and can not here describe in detail.
In another example, it is possible that use Beattie-BridgemanEOS delete simple form, produce:
The specific parameter of A, B=convection cell.Can use other state equation easily, such as vanderWaalsEOS, virialEOS, Peng-RobinsonEOS etc., this depends on the fluid in container 1, can select the suitable EOS closest with fluid behavior.
Draw the quality of the fluid of container 1 inside according to the known volume of average density and container 1, and/or according to local measurement pressure, use the medial temperature drawn to show that standardization pressure is also feasible.
Fig. 3 shows schematic diagram, the example plot of the average physical parameter that its display draws by method according to the present invention and state equation.This figure shows medial temperature
t av(that is, T_av) and pressure differential deltap
pmark on a map.From obtaining curve " a ", SF being similar in the experiment performed in the equipment schematically shown Fig. 2
6for blanketing gas.In this experiment, left branch line (pipeline) represents according to pipeline 4 of the present invention, and right branch line (pipeline) then represents container, such as container 1 described herein.The temperature stabilization of the left branch line arranged is known temperature, and right branch line is then adjusted to the known medial temperature preset, and uses the differential pressure pickup of the junction, top between two branch lines to measure Δ
p.Curve " b " represents the theoretical value using BeattieBridgemanEOS to calculate.As can be seen, the value that the measuring method protected by request for utilization is obtained experimentally and theory calculate are very consistent, and the method that thus confirms is for the applicability drawing average physical parameter.
Can the claimed method of average physical parameter of fluid in closed container 1 by being provided for determining, more accurate than method available at present and show that average physical parameter is feasible fasterly.In addition, the cost reducing measurement mechanism 1a is feasible, because only use two sensors, and non-usage sensor array.This also makes to arrange measurement relatively easily.
In an embodiment, the fluid used in packaging container 1 or electronic equipment 1 can be SF
6gas or other dielectric insulation medium any, it can be gaseous state and/or liquid, and can be dielectric insulation gas or arc extinguishing gases especially.This dielectric insulation medium such as can comprise the medium comprising organofluorine compound, and this organofluorine compound is selected from the group of lower person composition: fluoro-ether, fluoroamine, fluoro ketones, oxirane, HF hydrocarbon and their potpourri; And be preferably fluoro ketones and/or fluoro-ether, be more preferably perfluor ketone and/or hydrogen fluorine ether.In this article, term " fluoro-ether ", " fluoroamine " and " fluoro ketones " refer to the compound fluoridized at least in part.Especially, term " fluoro-ether " comprises hydrogen fluorine ether and perfluor ether, and term " fluoroamine " comprises hydrogen fluorine amine and perfluoroamine, and term " fluoro ketones " comprises hydrogen fluorine ketone and perfluor ketone.Thus can be preferably fluoro-ether, fluoroamine, fluoro ketones and oxirane and fluoridize completely, that is, perfluorinate.
Especially, broadly should explain the term " fluoro ketones " used in the context of the present invention, and it should comprise fluoro single ketones and fluorinated diones or substantially comprise fluoro polyketone.Term also should comprise saturated compound and unsaturated compound, and it comprises double bond and/or triple bond between carbon atom.The alkyl chain fluoridized at least in part of fluoro ketones can be linear or occurs branch, and forms ring alternatively.
Especially, fluoro ketones can be fluoro single ketones, and/or also can comprise heteroatoms, at least one in such as nitrogen-atoms, oxygen atom and sulphur atom, replaces one or more carbon atom.More preferably, fluoro single ketones, particularly perfluor ketone, should have 3 to 15 or 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly 5 to 9 carbon atoms.Most preferably, it can comprise just in time 5 carbon atoms and/or just in time 6 carbon atoms and/or just in time 7 carbon atoms and/or just in time 8 carbon atoms.
Dielectric insulation medium can comprise the background gas or carrier gas that are different from organofluorine compound further, is particularly different from fluoro-ether, fluoroamine, fluoro ketones, oxirane and HF hydrocarbon, and preferably can be selected from the group of following composition: air, N
2, O
2, CO
2, inert gas, H
2; NO
2, NO, N
2o, fluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbon compound especially, and preferably CF
4, CF
3i, SF
6with their potpourri.
In this application, it is emphasised that method and apparatus can be used to determine any type can the average physical parameter, particularly medial temperature of closed container 1, and do not rely on application or the character of enclosed fluid, particularly closed gas.The application such as can be used for the large-scale gas storage in such as chemical engineering, petrochemical industry, gas manufacture, electrotechnics industry etc.
Although show and describe presently preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be clearly understood that, the present invention is not limited thereto, but various embodiment and realization can be had in addition within the scope of the appended claims.Therefore, such as " preferably " or " particularly " or " especially " or " advantageously " etc. term only represent optional exemplary embodiment.
List of parts
1=gas-insulating type switchgear
1a=measurement mechanism
2=differential pressure pickup
3=density sensor, the first pressure transducer
4=pipeline
5=thermal insulation element
6=voltage source
7=flow blocking element
The sealing cover of 8a=GIS
8b=bus (electric conductor)
9=insulation course
10=duct wall, duct wall
First opening of 11a=pipeline
Second opening of 11b=pipeline
12=temperature adjustment device
First curve of a=average physical parameter
Second curve of b=average physical parameter
H
0=height at the bottom place of pipeline
Difference in height between Δ h=sensor
Z=vertical axis
T
av, T_av [K]=medial temperature [in units of Kelvin]
Δ p, dp [Pa]=pressure differential [in units of Pascal].
Claims (28)
1. one kind for determine can the average physical parameter (T of fluid in closed container (1)
av, ρ
norm, p
norm) method, comprise the following steps:
The pipeline (4) with the first opening (11a) and the second opening (11b) a) is provided,
B) flow blocking element (7) is positioned at the first level (h) place, makes described flow blocking element (7) extend across the whole xsect of described pipeline (4),
C) density sensor (3) and/or the first pressure transducer (3) are positioned at the second level (h of described pipeline (4) or described container (1) inside
0) place,
D) described pipeline (4) is attached on described container (1), described first opening (11a) is connected in the first vessel port, and described second opening (11b) is connected on second container opening,
E) prover pipe channel temp (T is limited
1),
F) by means of the differential pressure pickup (2) between the both sides being arranged in described flow blocking element (7), or by means of being arranged in second on the either side of described flow blocking element (7) and the 3rd pressure transducer, difference between the second pressure partial pressure differential being defined as the fluid on the first pressure of the fluid on the side of described flow blocking element (7) and the opposite side of described flow blocking element (7)
G) measure the local density of described fluid with described density sensor (3), and/or carry out also measure local pressure with described first pressure transducer (3), and
H) according to described partial pressure differential, described local density or described local pressure and described prover pipe channel temp (T
1), draw described average physical parameter.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described average physical parameter is the medial temperature (T of described fluid
av), and/or the average density (ρ of described fluid
norm), and/or the temperature standard pressure (p of described fluid
norm), and/or the mean catalyst density of described fluid and/or fluid mass.
3. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, described method is further comprising the steps
I) by described average physical Selecting parameter be the average density (ρ of described fluid
norm), and according to described average density (ρ
norm) and the known volume of described container (1) draw the quality of the fluid that described container (1) is inner, and/or
J) by described average physical Selecting parameter be the medial temperature (T of described fluid
av) and/or temperature standard pressure (p
norm), and according to local measurement pressure, use the medial temperature (T drawn
av) draw the temperature standard pressure (p of described fluid
norm).
4. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, is the medial temperature (T of described fluid by described average physical Selecting parameter
av), and by application barometric equation, according to described partial pressure differential, described local density or described local pressure and described prover pipe channel temp (T
1), draw the medial temperature (T of described fluid
av).
5. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, is the medial temperature (T of described fluid by described average physical Selecting parameter
av) and/or average density (ρ
norm), and by the medial temperature (T with described fluid
av) correct the local density of described fluid, draw the average density (ρ of described fluid
norm).
6. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, determines the medial temperature T of described fluid in order to lower equation
av
，
Wherein, R=universal gas constant, the first level of the described fluid at flow blocking element described in h=(7) location place, h
0second level of the described fluid at=described first pressure transducer (3) location place, the pressure reduction between the both sides of Δ p (h)=described flow blocking element (7), p (h
othe local pressure of)=recorded by described first pressure transducer (3), the molal weight of fluid described in M=, g=acceleration of gravity, h-h
o=difference between described first level and described second level, and T
1the temperature of=duct wall (10).
7. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, determines average density or the temperature standard density p of described fluid in order to lower equation
norm
Wherein the first level of the described fluid at flow blocking element described in h=(7) location place, h
osecond level of the described fluid at=described density sensor (3) location place, the pressure reduction between the both sides of Δ p (h)=described flow blocking element (7), g=acceleration of gravity, h-h
o=difference between described first level and described second level, and
ρ meas=the local density that recorded by described density sensor (3).
8. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, the temperature standard pressure of described fluid
p normby equation
p norm=
p meas×
t norm/
t avdetermine,
t norm=standardized temperature, and 1/T
avprovided by following
Wherein R=universal gas constant, the first level of the described fluid at flow blocking element described in h=(7) location place, h
osecond level of the described fluid at=described first pressure transducer (3) location place, the pressure reduction between the both sides of Δ p (h)=described flow blocking element (7), p (h
othe local pressure of)=recorded by described first pressure transducer (3), the molal weight of fluid described in M=, g=acceleration of gravity, h-h
o=difference between described first level and described second level, and T
1the temperature of=duct wall (10).
9. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that,
Described first opening (11a) is the upper opening (11b) of described pipeline (4), and described second opening (11b) is the lower openings (11b) of described pipeline (4), and/or
Described flow blocking element (7) is arranged in the inside of described pipeline (4), and/or
Described first level (h) and described second level (h
0) be in differing heights in gravity field.
10. the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, along from described second opening (11) until the pipeline of described flow blocking element (7) extends limit described prover pipe channel temp (T1), or limit described prover pipe channel temp (T along whole pipeline (4)
1).
11. methods according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, in step e) in, be constant reference value (T by the temperature stabilization of the described fluid making described pipeline (4) inner
1), and/or by making the temperature stabilization of described duct wall (10) be constant reference value (T
1), and/or by determining the mean flow temperature (T that described pipeline (4) is inner
1), and/or by determining mean pipe wall temperature (T
1), limit prover pipe channel temp (T
1).
12. methods according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that,
According at least one temperature value recorded along described pipeline (4), preferably according to multiple temperature value, determine described prover pipe channel temp (T
1), the mean flow temperature (T that particularly described pipeline (4) is inner
1) and/or mean pipe wall temperature (T
1), and/or
Described pipeline (4) is attached on the outer wall of described container (1).
13. methods according to any one in aforementioned claim, is characterized in that, in step g) in, local density and/or the local pressure of measuring described fluid comprise the local temperature determining described fluid.
14. 1 kinds for performing the measurement mechanism (1a) of the method according to any one in aforementioned claim, described measurement mechanism (1a) comprises
Pipeline (4), it has at least one wall (10) and the first opening (11a) and the second opening (11b),
Be arranged in the flow blocking element (7) at the first level (h) place of described pipeline (4),
Be arranged in the second level (h of described pipeline (4)
0) density sensor (3) at place and/or the first pressure transducer (3),
Differential pressure pickup (2) or second and the 3rd pressure transducer, it is arranged in described flow blocking element (7) place, with the partial pressure differential between the second pressure of the fluid on the opposite side of the first pressure and described flow blocking element (7) of measuring the fluid on the side of described flow blocking element (7).
15. measurement mechanisms according to claim 14 (1a), it is characterized in that, described flow blocking element (7) is for stoping the stream by described pipeline (4), particularly wherein, described flow blocking element (7) is for stoping described fluid to flow out described pipeline (4) by described first opening (11) or flowing in described pipeline (4).
16. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 15, it is characterized in that, described first opening (11a) of described pipeline (4) and described second opening (11b) are suitable for being connected to can on the corresponding opening of closed container (1), particularly wherein, the scope of value that has of the volume of described pipeline (4) between described can closed container (1) volume 1/10 and 1/1000000 between.
17. measurement mechanisms according to claim 16 (1a), it is characterized in that, described pipeline (4) by thermal insulation element (5), particularly by PTFE adapter, be connected to described can on closed container (1).
18. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 17, it is characterized in that, described flow blocking element (7) is arranged in the inside of described pipeline (4), described flow blocking element (7) is made to extend across the whole xsect of described pipeline (4), and wherein, described density sensor (3) and/or described first pressure transducer (3) are positioned at the inside of described pipeline (4) or described container (1).
19., according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 18, is characterized in that,
Described flow blocking element (7) is flexible partition (7) or rigid walls (7), and/or
At gravity vertical direction (z), described second level is lower than described first level, or vice versa.
20. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 19, its feature in, described flow blocking element (7) covers described first or described second opening (11a completely, one 11b), and described density sensor (3) and/or described first pressure transducer (3) are positioned at another opening (11b, 11a) place.
21. measurement mechanisms (1a) according to any one in aforementioned claim 14 to 20, it is characterized in that, described measurement mechanism (1a) comprises further for making described pipeline (4) and the heat-insulating insulation course of its environment (9), particularly covers the insulating sleeve (9) of at least one wall (10) of described pipeline (4) substantially completely.
22. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 21, it is characterized in that, described measurement mechanism (1a) comprises temperature adjustment device (12) further, to adjust the temperature of at least one wall (10) of described pipeline (4), especially, described temperature adjustment device (12) is heating tape (12).
23. according to claim 21 and 22 measurement mechanism (1a), it is characterized in that, described temperature adjustment device (12) is arranged between at least one wall (10) of described pipeline (4) and described insulation course (9).
24. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 23, described measurement mechanism (1a) comprises for the valve of each in described first opening (11) of described pipeline (4) and described second opening (11) further, with be connected at described measurement mechanism (1a) described can closed container (1) upper time, avoid fluid from described can closed container (1a) leak into described can the ambient atmosphere of closed container (1) and described pipeline (4).
25. according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 24, described measurement mechanism (1a) comprises valve module and/or pump assembly further, with described measurement mechanism (1a) and described can connect between closed container (1) before from described pipeline (4) Exhaust Gas.
26. 1 kinds of measurement components, comprise according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1a) described in any one in 25 and can closed container (1), wherein, the pipeline (4) of described measurement mechanism (1a) is attached on the outer wall of described container (1), its first opening (11a) is made to be connected in the first vessel port, and its second opening (11b) is connected on second container opening, described measurement components comprises at least one data acquisition and treating apparatus further, with from the described density sensor (3) of described measurement mechanism (1a) and/or described first pressure transducer (3) and/or described differential pressure pickup (2) and/or described second and/or described 3rd pressure transducer fetch sensing data, and at least calculate the average physical parameter (T of the described fluid in described container (1)
av, ρ
norm, p
norm) value.
27. measurement components according to claim 26, is characterized in that, described average physical parameter (T
av, ρ
norm, p
norm) be the medial temperature (T of described fluid
av) and/or the average density (ρ of described fluid
norm) and/or the temperature standard pressure (p of described fluid
norm) and/or the mean catalyst density of described fluid and/or fluid mass.
28. use according to claim 14 to the measurement mechanism (1) described in any one in 25, by means of the method according to any one in claim 1 to 13, measure and leave or enter fluid insulation formula switchgear (1), particularly the leakage of the fluid of gas-insulating type switchgear (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/061720 WO2014194958A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2013-06-06 | Method and device for determining an average parameter of a fluid in a closable container |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105264352A true CN105264352A (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Family
ID=48628637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380077200.0A Pending CN105264352A (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2013-06-06 | Method and device for determining an average parameter of a fluid in a closable container |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3004832A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105264352A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2015156300A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014194958A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106872059A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | 山东电力设备有限公司 | A kind of oil-filled transformer measurement device of oil tempera and measuring method |
| CN107293990A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Increase the method and the equipment according to this method of dielectric tolerance intensity in electrical equipment |
| CN109211473A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-15 | 通用电气公司 | Method and system for the test of container leakage airtightness |
| CN110383030A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-10-25 | Phyn有限责任公司 | System and method for carrying out leakage characterization after closing pressurized source |
| CN113748578A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-12-03 | 西门子能源全球有限公司 | Monitoring method for volatile fluid enclosed in container and electric energy transmission device |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117060257B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-26 | 宁波天仑电气股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly air charging cabinet based on intelligent regulation and control |
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| CN102564896A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-07-11 | 特拉法格股份公司 | Density monitor |
-
2013
- 2013-06-06 EP EP13729296.7A patent/EP3004832A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-06 WO PCT/EP2013/061720 patent/WO2014194958A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-06-06 CN CN201380077200.0A patent/CN105264352A/en active Pending
- 2013-06-06 RU RU2015156300A patent/RU2015156300A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2714384A1 (en) * | 1977-03-29 | 1978-10-12 | Siemens Ag | Gas pressure and temp. monitor and switchgear - has temp. related pressure characteristic held in ROM for comparison |
| US5089214A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-02-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Apparatus for monitoring the pressure within a cask containing radioactive material |
| FR2734362A1 (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1996-11-22 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Insulating gas density computation e.g. for metal clad circuit breaker |
| US20020095262A1 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2002-07-18 | Alstom | Method of non-intrusively monitoring the mixture ratio of a gas mixture having at least two components |
| FR2849193B1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-04-22 | Euraltech Sa | METHOD FOR TESTING THE SEALING OF A HOLLOW PIECE |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107293990A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Increase the method and the equipment according to this method of dielectric tolerance intensity in electrical equipment |
| CN107293990B (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2022-07-01 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Method for increasing dielectric withstand strength in electrical apparatus and apparatus according to the method |
| CN110383030A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-10-25 | Phyn有限责任公司 | System and method for carrying out leakage characterization after closing pressurized source |
| CN110383030B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2020-12-22 | Phyn有限责任公司 | System and method for leak characterization after shutting down a pressurized source |
| CN106872059A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | 山东电力设备有限公司 | A kind of oil-filled transformer measurement device of oil tempera and measuring method |
| CN109211473A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-15 | 通用电气公司 | Method and system for the test of container leakage airtightness |
| CN113748578A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-12-03 | 西门子能源全球有限公司 | Monitoring method for volatile fluid enclosed in container and electric energy transmission device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014194958A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
| RU2015156300A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
| EP3004832A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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