CN105592778A - 高分辨率心脏标测电极阵列导管 - Google Patents

高分辨率心脏标测电极阵列导管 Download PDF

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CN105592778A
CN105592778A CN201480053677.XA CN201480053677A CN105592778A CN 105592778 A CN105592778 A CN 105592778A CN 201480053677 A CN201480053677 A CN 201480053677A CN 105592778 A CN105592778 A CN 105592778A
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CN105592778B (zh
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R·苏巴玛廉
J·科布利什
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Boston Scientific Scimed Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/283Invasive
    • A61B5/287Holders for multiple electrodes, e.g. electrode catheters for electrophysiological study [EPS]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/339Displays specially adapted therefor
    • A61B5/341Vectorcardiography [VCG]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/346Analysis of electrocardiograms
    • A61B5/349Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
    • A61B5/361Detecting fibrillation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/346Analysis of electrocardiograms
    • A61B5/349Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
    • A61B5/363Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852Catheters
    • A61B5/6859Catheters with multiple distal splines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/12Devices for detecting or locating foreign bodies

Abstract

本发明公开了用于在身体组织上执行标测过程的装置、系统和方法。用于标测组织表面的示例性标测装置包括细长轴和电极组件。所述电极组件包括多根样条以及设置在所述样条中的至少一些上的多个电极。所述电极组件能够在收缩构型和伸展构型之间移动。在伸展构型下,所述电极组件可具有大体平面的结构。

Description

高分辨率心脏标测电极阵列导管
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请根据35U.S.C.§119要求提交于2013年10月14日的美国临时申请序列号61/890,733的优先权,该申请的全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及一种用于生成心脏的解剖和电子标测图的医疗装置。更具体地讲,本发明涉及可转向导管,所述可转向导管具有共形平面电极阵列,用于生成高分辨率心脏解剖和电子标测图。
背景技术
心脏标测已成为心脏电生理学操作中的标准操作。导管和标测系统生成的解剖标测图提供了在最小限度使用荧光透视的情况下检查心内空间的手段。更重要的是,使用这些系统生成的电压和激动标测图为诊断和治疗各种心律失常提供了关键信息。无论如何,提供用于对心外膜表面进行高分辨率标测的装置可能是有利的。
发明内容
本发明整体涉及一种标测装置,该标测装置包括用于标测身体组织的大体平面的电极组件。因此,一个示例性实施例为用于分析身体组织的标测装置,所述标测装置包括具有近侧区段和远侧区段的细长轴。具有第一侧面和第二侧面的电极组件可连接至该细长轴的远侧区段。电极组件可能够在收缩构型和伸展构型之间移动。电极组件还可包括多根样条(spline),其中包括中央样条;以及设置在这多根样条中的至少一些上的多个电极。
另一个示例性实施例为用于分析身体组织的标测系统,所述标测系统包括成像和控制系统,以及与该成像和控制系统电气连通的柄部。该系统还可包括具有近侧区段和远侧区段的细长轴,近侧区段连接到柄部并从柄部朝远侧延伸。具有第一侧面和第二侧面的电极组件可连接至该细长轴的远侧区段。电极组件可包括:中央样条;第一样条,第一样条具有固定到中央样条的近端、固定到中央样条的远端,和与中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域;以及第二样条,第二样条具有固定到中央样条的近端、固定到中央样条的远端,和与中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域。第一样条和第二样条的近端可沿着中央样条的长度在第一位置处固定到中央样条,而第一样条和第二样条的远端沿着中央样条的长度在第二位置处固定到中央样条,所述第二位置在第一位置的远侧。电极组件还可包括固定到中央样条的第一多个电极、固定到第一样条的第二多个电极,以及固定到第二样条的第三多个电极。
另一个示例性实施例为用于分析身体组织的标测系统,所述标测系统包括成像和控制系统,以及与该成像和控制系统电气连通的柄部。该系统还可包括连接到柄部并从柄部朝远侧延伸的细长轴。该细长轴可具有近侧区段和远侧区段。具有第一侧面和第二侧面的电极组件可连接至该细长轴的远侧区段。电极组件可在第二侧面上包括弹性聚合物背衬。电极组件还可包括:中央样条,该中央样条包括可伸缩区域并且具有从电极组件的近端延伸到远端的长度;以及第一对样条,每根样条具有近端、远端以及与中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域,该第一对样条的近端沿着中央样条的长度在第一位置处固定到中央样条,而该第一对样条的远端沿着中央样条的长度在第二位置处固定到中央样条,所述第二位置在第一位置的远侧。电极组件还可包括:第二对样条,每根样条具有近端、远端以及与中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域,该第二对样条的近端沿着中央样条的长度在第三位置处固定到中央样条,所述第三位置在第一位置的近侧,而该第二对样条的远端沿着中央样条的长度在第二位置处固定到中央样条;以及第三对样条,每根样条具有近端、远端以及与中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域,该第三对样条的近端沿着中央样条的长度在第四位置处固定到中央样条,所述第四位置在第三位置的近侧,而该第三对样条的远端沿着中央样条的长度在第五位置处固定到中央样条,所述第五位置在第二位置的远侧。电极组件还可包括固定到中央样条的第一多个电极、固定到第一对样条的第二多个电极,以及固定到第二对样条的第三多个电极。第一多个电极、第二多个电极和第三多个电极可设置在电极组件的第一侧面上。
上述一些实施例示例的概述并非意图描述本发明的每一个公开的实施例或每一种实施方式。
附图说明
结合附图来考虑以下各个实施例的详细说明可以更全面地理解本发明,其中:
图1为根据示例性实施例的标测装置的示意图;
图2示出了呈第一构型的示例性标测装置的远端区域;
图3示出了呈第二构型的图2中的标测装置;以及
图4示出了呈第一构型的图2中标测装置的替代视图。
虽然本发明接受各种修改形式和替代形式,但其具体形式已在附图中以举例的方式示出,并且将对其进行详细描述。然而,应当理解其意图并非在于将本发明的方面局限于所描述的具体实施例。相反,其意图在于涵盖落入本发明的精神和范围之内的所有修改形式、等同形式和替代形式。
具体实施方式
对于以下给出定义的术语,应以这些定义为准,除非在权利要求书或在本说明书中的其它地方给出了不同的定义。
不管是否明确表示,本文的所有数值都认为是由术语“大约”来修饰。术语“大约”通常是指会被本领域的技术人员认为是与所描述的值等效(即具有相同功能或结果)的数值范围。在许多情况下,术语“大约”可指包括取整为最接近有效值的数字。
由端点表述的数值范围包括该范围内的所有数值(例如,1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)。
尽管公开了与各种部件、特征结构和/或规格有关的一些合适尺寸范围和/或值,但受本公开鼓励的本领域的技术人员将会理解,所需的尺寸、范围和/或值可偏离明确公开的那些。
如本说明书和所附权利要求中所用,除非内容另有明确说明,否则单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括复数含义。如本说明书以及附加的权利要求中所使用,术语“或”一般以包括“和/或”的意思使用,除非内容另有明确说明。
为本公开之目的,“近侧”是指该端在使用期间更靠近装置操纵者,而“远侧”是指该端在使用期间离装置操纵者更远。
以下具体实施方式应结合附图来阅读,其中不同附图中的类似元件采用相同编号。具体实施方式和附图未必按比例描绘示例性实施例,也不旨在限制本发明的范围。所绘出的示例性实施例仅旨在作为例子。任何示例性实施例的所选特征结构都可结合到另外的实施例中,除非有明确相反的陈述。
对于某些类型的微创医疗过程而言,身体内治疗部位的内窥镜可视化不可行,或者其不能帮助临床医生将需要的医疗装置引导至治疗部位。此类过程的例子为用于诊断和治疗室上性心动过速(SVT)、心房纤颤(AF)、心房扑动(AFL)和心室性心动过速(VT)的那些。VT、AFL、AF和VT是心脏里的病症,它们使心内膜组织中生成异常电信号,引起心脏的不规律跳动。
一种诊断和治疗SVT或VT的过程涉及使用经由患者脉管系统引入心脏的电生理导管测量心脏的电活动。导管带有标测电极,标测电极定位在心脏内,用于测量电活动。使用荧光影像确定导管在心脏内的位置。基于荧光影像生成所测活动的标测图,并将标测图显示在图形显示器上。医生利用标测图识别他/她认为是异常电活动源头的心内膜区域。然后,使消融导管通过患者脉管系统插入心脏中医生识别的区域,使用该消融导管来消融该区域。在一些情况下,可能需要测量心外膜表面的活动。
图1为根据示例性实施例的标测系统10的示意图。如图1所示,标测系统10可包括导管12,该导管包括细长轴14和柄部16。细长轴14可包括近侧区段18、远侧区段20和至少一个内腔22,该内腔贯穿近侧区段18和远侧区段20之间的轴14。包括多根样条26和电极28的大体平面的电极组件24可连接至细长轴14的远侧区段20。可使组件24收缩以递送至所需治疗位置,并在其位于所需位置后立即展开。在一些实施例中,并且如下文中进一步描述的那样,位于组件24上的多个射频电极28可用于在预定位置处获取解剖和/或电子标测图。虽然可将标测系统10描述为用于标测心脏表面的系统,但预期本文所述的装置和方法可用于身体内的其他位置。在一些情况下,标测系统10可与消融导管和/或参考导管(referencecathete)联合使用。
临床医生可使用连接到轴14近侧区段18的柄部16来操纵和引导组件24到达目标部位或者将组件24定位在所需位置。在一些实施例中,柄部16包括连接器30,该连接器将导管12及其部件电连接至控制和成像系统32。柄部16还可包括转向机构34,该转向机构包括可旋转的致动机构,用于操纵细长轴14穿过脉管系统到达心脏。临床医生可驱动转向机构34来投入使用位于轴14内的多根操控线。例如,向左旋转转向机构34可使远侧区段20向左弯曲至位置36;又如,向右旋转转向机构34可使远侧区段20向右弯曲至位置38。还预期可将滑块或杠杆机构用作转向机构34的致动机构。柄部16还可包括致动机构60,该致动机构用于在收缩构型和伸展构型之间致动电极组件24。致动机构60可为任何合适的机构,诸如但不限于滑块机构、杠杆机构、可旋转机构等。
在将导管12递送至身体内目标区域期间,可用转向机构34使细长轴14的远端区域转向,使临床医生能更好地引导导管12穿过脉管系统,并对组件24的定位提供改进的控制。在一些实施例中,可推进导管12连同可转向护套70(如图2至图4所示)一起穿过脉管系统。然而,可转向护套70不是必需的。在一些实施例中,护套70可能并没有转向能力。在这种情况下,可将导管12设置在护套70的内腔内。护套70可在穿过脉管系统前进期间提供宏观的转向引导。一旦将导管12设置在目标区域附近后,护套70就可朝近侧回缩。然后,与导管12一起提供的转向机构34可用于控制细长轴14的远端,以便使组件24接触到目标位置,这将在下文中进行更详细的讨论。
成像和控制系统32可为电极28提供射频(RF)能量,让使用者能够记录、查看和分析心内电图和EKG信号,并查看所用导管的实时图形表示。成像和控制系统32可包括RF发生器、计算机或其他处理设备,以及存储器或其他存储设备。作为另外一种选择,处理设备和存储设备可为一个或多个独立单元。在一些情况下,实时图像和/或数据可生成并显示在成像和控制系统32的一个或多个显示器40上。标测系统10还可包括输入设备42,诸如键盘或鼠标,该输入设备用于对标测系统10进行编程以及控制标测系统10的某些功能。例如,这些功能可包括为RF发生器供电,以向电极28中的一个或多个提供能量,用于标测心脏组织。根据本发明,在治疗过程前,医生还可使用输入设备42来对标测系统10进行预编程,使系统10响应于输入而执行预定功能。
图2示出了呈伸展构型的大体平面的电极组件24的放大视图。大体平面的组件24在伸展构型下可具有大体叶状或矛状的形状,并且与细长轴14的纵轴大致成直线或大致平行地延伸。例如,组件24可具有与其近端54邻近的宽区域,该宽区域渐缩成较窄的、一般来讲是尖的远端56。组件24可包括第一表面66和第二表面68(图4中示出)。呈伸展构型时,第一表面66和第二表面68可具有大体平面的构型。多根样条26可从组件24的近端54延伸至远端56。在一些情况下,样条26可由镍钛诺或其他形状记忆材料形成。形状记忆材料可经过处理,使得样条26在无应力状态下呈现为图2所示的伸展组件24。在其他情况下,样条26可由电活性聚合物(EAP)形成。EAP在受电场激励时可改变大小和/或形状。例如,样条26可呈现图3所示的收缩姿态,直到向样条26施加电场。施加电场后,样条26可呈现图2所示的伸展构型。也预期了相反的构型。还预期样条26可由可伸展的气球状结构形成。在这种情况下,柄部16可包括用于将膨胀流体递送至样条26的流体端口。可将一个或多个膨胀内腔设置在细长轴14内,并将这些膨胀内腔与流体端口和样条26流体连通。预期临床医生可通过使样条26膨胀至所需程度,来控制组件24的伸展。
虽然组件24的形状可被表征为大体平面的、叶状或矛状等,但这并非旨在进行限制。预期了其他形状和/或构型。例如,组件24可具有环形、圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、半椭圆形、多边形或其他合适的形状。在一些实施例中,可认为组件24的形状是对称的或“规则的”,而在其他实施例中,可认为组件24的形状是不对称的或不规则的。此外,由于组件是“大体平面的”,其可被理解为具有相对于长度和/或宽度(例如,按照传统笛卡尔坐标系,在“X”和“Y”方向上的尺寸)而言减小的深度(例如,按照传统笛卡尔坐标系,在“Z”方向上的尺寸)。换句话讲,可将“大体平面的”理解为:平面的,平坦的,有些扁平的,在两个维度上比在第三个维度上更大,诸如此类。在至少一些实施例中,大体平面可仅仅代表一种不同于典型星座状(constellation)导管的形状,典型篮状导管可具有形成大体球形结构的多根撑条或样条。
可将样条26连接到细长轴14和/或中央样条50。中央样条50可从组件24的近端54延伸至远端56。在一些实施例中,组件24可包括三对样条:第一内对48、第二中间对46和第三外对44。样条对44、46、48可包括设置在中央样条50两侧的样条26。然而,预期样条26不需要成对布置或对称布置。外样条44、中间样条46和内样条48中的每一根都可在其近端和远端连接到中央样条50,同时近端和远端之间的区域可与中央样条横向间隔一定距离。第一对样条48的近端可沿着中央样条50的长度固定在第一位置72,而远端沿着中央样条50的长度固定在第二位置74。第二位置74可位于第一位置72的远侧。第二对样条46的近端可固定在第三位置76,远端可固定在第二位置74,所述第三位置在第一位置的近侧。然而,预期第二对样条46的远端与第一对样条48的远端可在不同位置连接。例如,第二对样条的远端可在第二位置74远侧的位置连接。第三对样条44的近端可固定在第四位置78,所述第四位置在第三位置76的近侧;而远端可固定在第五位置80,所述第五位置在第二位置74的远侧。在一些情况下,第四位置78可对应于组件24的近端54,而第五位置80可对应于该组件的远端56,但是这并不是必需的。在一些实施例中,可将每对样条44、46、48形成为一体结构。在其他实施例中,可将每对样条44、46、48形成为单独的样条26。还预期每对样条44、46、48的近端和远端不需要固定在相同的纵向位置。在一些情况下,每对样条44、46、48的近端和远端可交错。
预期组件24可包括任何所需数量的样条26。例如,组件24可包括四至八根样条。然而,可根据需要使用少于四根或多于八根样条。在一些情况下,可将样条26嵌入弹性绝缘聚合物背衬52中。预期可将样条26形成为独立部件,然后装配;或者可将样条26形成为一体结构。呈伸展构型时,组件24可具有从近端54延伸至远端56的大约20至40毫米的长度。然而,也可使用更短或更长的长度。呈伸展构型时,组件24在最宽处可具有在外样条44之间延伸的大约10至25毫米的宽度。然而,也可使用更窄或更宽的宽度。
组件24还可包括沿着中间样条46、内样条48和中央样条50的长度分布的一个或多个电极28。电极28可包括呈大体叶状或矛状图案布置的电极阵列。在一些情况下,外样条44可以没有电极28。然而,这并不是必需的。在一些实施例中,尽管未明确示出,还可将电极28设置在外样条44上。每根样条46、48、50可具有任何所需数量的电极28,诸如但不限于一个、两个、三个、四个或更多。预期组件24可包括大约16至64个电极28。然而,在一些情况下,可根据需要使用少于16个或多于64个电极。电极28可关于组件24均匀分布。但是,电极28的构型可与示出的不同。可将每个电极28设置在组件24的同一大体平的表面(如表面66)上,使得电极28接触或能够接触将被标测的组织,但这并不是必需的。预期以这种方式布置电极28可减轻远场效应(例如远离电极28的周围电活动)。
在一些实施例中,电极28可为附连到样条26的柔性电路。在其他实施例中,电极28可由合适的导电金属形成,诸如铂、金、不锈钢、钴合金或其他非氧化材料。导电引线(未明确示出)可将电极28电连接至成像和控制系统32。可利用绝缘背衬、聚合物背衬52,和/或通过用非导电材料涂覆样条26,来使电极28适当地与样条26绝缘。也可将导电引线与导管轴12的部件电隔离。
图3示出了呈大体收缩构型的大体平面的电极组件24的放大视图。电极组件24可包括伸缩式中央样条50以允许组件24偏置成收缩构型。例如,中央样条50可包括允许中央样条50伸长或拉长的可伸缩区域58。可伸缩区域58可包括与中央样条50组合的一个或多个部分,这些部分在重叠区段中朝近侧方向或远侧方向滑动,以压缩或拉长中央样条50的长度。随着中央样条50伸长,外样条44、中间样条46和内样条48的外形可变得更直,从而减小组件24的整体宽度。在一些实施例中,可通过操纵柄部16上的致动机构60使可伸缩区域58伸长。例如,可伸缩区域58和致动机构可连接到以能够滑动的方式被设置在细长轴14的内腔22内的推丝。致动机构60的近侧或远侧致动可引起可伸缩区域58的近侧或远侧移动。预期不使用致动机构60就可使组件24收缩。向组件24施加外力可导致该组件收缩和导致可伸缩区域58伸长。使用合适的护套(如护套70)可使组件24保持收缩姿态。
图4示出了呈伸展构型的大体平面的电极组件24的另一种视图。在一些实施例中,第二大体平的表面68可包括多个气体或流体囊袋62,或者其他可膨胀结构。囊袋62可被多个接缝64分隔以允许组件弯曲为所需取向。在一些情况下,囊袋62可覆盖组件24的整个表面68。在其他情况下,可将囊袋62设置在组件24的一部分上。囊袋62和/或接缝64可以任何所需方式布置以实现伸展状态下所需的弯曲。预期可将接缝64布置为与组件24的纵轴大体平行、与组件24的纵轴大体正交,或者与组件24的纵轴成一斜角。还预期接缝64可从组件24上的中央位置以轮辐状方式向外延伸。根据需要,接缝64可以是直的,也可以是弯曲的。囊袋62可呈任何所需的形状。例如,囊袋62可为长条形、圆形、正方形、多边形等。还预期可通过调节囊袋62的膨胀来控制组件24的弯曲。这可在将组件24引入身体之前或者将组件24定位在目标位置附近后立即执行。导管12可包括必要的膨胀内腔和端口以允许根据需要将膨胀流体引入囊袋62。在一些情况下,可独立控制每个单独囊袋62的膨胀,而在其他情况下,可使囊袋62同时膨胀。
如上所述,可将护套70与标测系统10协同使用,以促进将导管12推进至所需的治疗位置。可将护套70以能够滑动的方式设置在细长轴14上。使用时,护套70可延伸到电极组件24上。电极组件24可在护套70内被压缩或收缩,使得该组件可轻松通过患者身体移动到所需位置。在一些情况下,导管12可穿过身体前进至心包腔或心外膜腔以标测心外膜表面。然而,预期系统10还可用于标测心内膜表面。一旦组件24被定位在所需区域附近,护套70即可通过样条26的弹簧作用或致动机构60朝近侧回缩,以允许组件24打开成伸展构型。可采用转向机构34将组件24进一步定位(使其偏转)在目标区域附近,从而使电极28与组织接触。这样,囊袋62可用于使组件24的表面66弯曲,以更好地贴合心脏的局部解剖结构。临床医生可选择囊袋62偏转和/或膨胀的程度,来使电极28与目标组织形成最佳接触。
一旦组件24就位并伸展,即可将成像和控制系统32设置为启动电极28。电极28以及相关联的控制系统32可检测心脏组织下的电活动,获得解剖和电子标测图。在一些情况下,标测系统10可用于全面表征心室瘢痕以及评估病变的透壁性(transmurality)。在其他情况下,系统10可用于在执行消融手术之前表征组织。
本领域的技术人员将认识到,本发明还可体现为除本文所述和预期的具体实施例之外的多种形式。因此,在不脱离所附权利要求所述的本发明的范围和精神的前提下,可对本发明的形式和细节做出修改。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于分析身体组织的标测装置,所述标测装置包括:
细长轴,所述细长轴具有近侧区段和远侧区段;
电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一侧面和第二侧面,连接至所述细长轴的所述远侧区段,所述电极组件具有收缩构型和伸展构型;并且
其中所述电极组件包括多根样条,所述多根样条包括中央样条;以及多个电极,所述多个电极设置在所述多根样条中的至少一些上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的标测装置,还包括转向机构。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的标测装置,其中在所述伸展构型下,所述电极组件具有大体平面的结构。
4.根据权利要求3所述的标测装置,其中所述大体平面的结构包括具有第一宽度的区域,所述区域与所述大体平面的结构的近端邻近,并渐缩成与所述大体平面的结构的远端邻近的更窄第二宽度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述中央样条包括可伸缩区域。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的标测装置,其中包括所述中央样条的所述多根样条内嵌在弹性聚合物背衬中。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述电极关于所述电极组件均匀分布。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述电极包括柔性电路。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述多根样条包括四至八根样条。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述多个电极包括十六至六十四个电极。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的标测装置,其中所述多个电极被设置在所述电极组件的所述第一侧面上。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的标测装置,还包括设置在所述电极组件的所述第二侧面上的一个或多个可膨胀囊袋。
13.一种用于分析身体组织的标测系统,所述标测系统包括:
成像和控制系统;
与所述成像和控制系统电气连通的柄部;
连接到所述柄部并从所述柄部朝远侧延伸的细长轴,所述细长轴具有近侧区段和远侧区段;以及
电极组件,所述电极组件具有第一侧面和第二侧面,连接至所述细长轴的所述远侧区段,所述电极组件包括:
中央样条;
第一样条,所述第一样条具有固定到所述中央样条的近端、固定到所述中央样条的远端,以及与所述中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域;以及
第二样条,所述第二样条具有固定到所述中央样条的近端、固定到所述中央样条的远端,以及与所述中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域;
其中,所述第一样条和第二样条的所述近端沿着所述中央样条的长度在第一位置处固定到所述中央样条,而所述第一样条和第二样条的所述远端沿着所述中央样条的所述长度在第二位置处固定到所述中央样条,所述第二位置在所述第一位置的远侧;
固定到所述中央样条的第一多个电极;
固定到所述第一样条的第二多个电极;以及
固定到所述第二样条的第三多个电极。
14.根据权利要求13所述的标测系统,还包括:
第三样条,所述第三样条具有固定到所述中央样条的近端、固定到所述中央样条的远端,以及与所述中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域;以及
第四样条,所述第四样条具有固定到所述中央样条的近端、固定到所述中央样条的远端,以及与所述中央样条横向间隔一距离的中间区域;
其中所述第三样条和第四样条的所述近端沿着所述中央样条的长度在第三位置处固定到所述中央样条,所述第三位置在所述第一位置的近侧,而所述第三样条和第四样条的所述远端沿着所述中央样条的所述长度在所述第二位置处固定到所述中央样条。
15.根据权利要求14所述的标测系统,还包括固定到所述第三样条的第四多个电极以及固定到所述第四样条的第五多个电极。
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