CN105643369A - Cooperation system having machine tool and robot - Google Patents

Cooperation system having machine tool and robot Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105643369A
CN105643369A CN201510688224.0A CN201510688224A CN105643369A CN 105643369 A CN105643369 A CN 105643369A CN 201510688224 A CN201510688224 A CN 201510688224A CN 105643369 A CN105643369 A CN 105643369A
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China
Prior art keywords
robot
coordinate
coordinate system
mentioned
coordinates
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Granted
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CN201510688224.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105643369B (en
Inventor
西浩次
水野淳
小山田匡宏
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Fanuc Corp
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Fanuc Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/2409—Arrangements for indirect observation of the working space using image recording means, e.g. a camera
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1679—Programme controls characterised by the tasks executed
    • B25J9/1692—Calibration of manipulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
    • B25J19/02—Sensing devices
    • B25J19/021—Optical sensing devices
    • B25J19/023—Optical sensing devices including video camera means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1694—Programme controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
    • B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S901/00—Robots
    • Y10S901/02—Arm motion controller

Abstract

A cooperation system of a robot and a machine tool, capable of obtaining a coordinate transformation means with high accuracy by a simple configuration, by which a robot coordinate system is transformed to a machine coordinate system. A provisional coordinate system is defined by coordinate values of three calibration markers in a base coordinate system obtained by translating the machine coordinate system, and a coordinate transformation matrix from the provisional coordinate system to the base coordinate system is calculated. The positions of the markers in the robot coordinate system are obtained by capturing the markers by a camera. Based on the three coordinate values in the robot coordinate system, a coordinate transformation matrix from the robot coordinate system to the provisional coordinate system is calculated, and a coordinate transformation matrix from the robot coordinate system to the base coordinate system is calculated based on the above two matrixes.

Description

Lathe and possess the coordinated system of robot
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coordinated system that robot carries out operation relative to lathe.
Background technology
When robot carries out operation relative to lathe, except the process of processing object, it is possible to carry out the replacing of instrument, the cleaning of chip, the internal examination etc. of lathe. Herein, if the operation of robot is only the process of processing object, it is generally then, utilize the position (coordinate figure) of the instrument forward terminal (ToolCenterPoint) of robot, multiple (usual 3 or 4 points) that obtain on the surface of processing object impart knowledge to students a little, obtain the coordinate transform matrix of the system of coordinates from robot coordinate system to processing object (mechanical coordinate system).
Such as, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 59-177607 publication describes following automatic programming method: connecting machine tool and robot, transform between the system of coordinates using the system of coordinates to robot setting and set by lathe, and the program according to lathe generates robot program automatically.
Describing a kind of precision processing machine in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-212652 publication, this precision processing machine possesses: the first computing unit, and it possesses process zone and measured zone, and based on determination data calculating coordinate change matrix; 2nd computing unit, it uses the coordinate transform matrix obtained to carry out the conversion of determination data; Identifying unit, the form accuracy of the shape data calculated is judged by it; Amending unit, it carries out the auto modification of NC data; And processing actuator unit, it is processed again according to the NC data after correction.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-324034 publication describes the control method of following robot: from the host computer of NC control carrying out lathe to the robot controlling device sending action control data of control, carry out the workpiece of lathe, the handling of instrument move.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-152733 publication describes following offline programming device: based on comprise work pieces process program that lathe is given, the instruction of the position of special object thing, obtain position and the posture of the object on lathe when processing operation performs, and relative to the position of this object and posture, under the relative position relation set in advance, obtain position and the posture of robot when processing operation performs, thus generate operational procedure.
Japanese Kohyo 11-509928 publication describes such as lower device and method: the detector using the finger tip being installed on robot, obtain the coordinate figure of the object relative to robot coordinate system, generate the three-dimensional model of this object. And in Japanese Kohyo 11-509928 publication, also describe following technology: the finger tip in robot installs pick up camera, change the position of pick up camera and shot object, and obtain the coordinate figure of object according to the multiple image thus obtained, thus generate the three-dimensional model of this object.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2009-279677 publication describes following robot controller: do not need the calibration carrying out the measuring apparatuss such as pick up camera, robot and manipulating object are moved to desired relative position relation, and achieves the correction automatically carrying out teaching position.
In the past, for the coordinate transform between robot coordinate system and mechanical coordinate system, mainly used taking the process of processing object as object. Such as, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 59-177607 publication describes the method utilizing robot and easily generate the handling procedure of the processing object of lathe, and in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-324034 publication, describe following method: with the use of host computer, and can easily robot be indicated, to implement the handling of the process of the processing object of the lathe that robot carries out, instrument. But, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 59-177607 publication and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-324034 publication, all use coordinate transform, but do not mention the concrete acquirement method of coordinate transform means.
In technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-212652 publication, the coordinate transform using the difference between the surface of the processing object measured and desirable curved surface and carry out from the system of coordinates set by measuring apparatus to the system of coordinates of the prescribed position being defined in lathe, revises the amount of finish of lathe. But, and the undeclared system of coordinates from setting accordingly with measuring apparatus is to the concrete acquirement method of the coordinate transform means of the system of coordinates of the prescribed position being defined in lathe.
In Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-152733 publication, in order to obtain the general system of coordinates of lathe and robot, the finger tip in robot installs position sensor, and the target compound of detection installed by the worktable at lathe, the finger tip position of stationary machines people, and with three position detection target compounds. Specifically, first, it is resolved that the benchmark position of target compound, and target compound is detected in this position. 2nd, worktable is moved along reference axis direction, and detects target compound. 3rd, make target compound return to benchmark position and make it to move along different reference axis directions, and detect target compound. Based on the simulation result in the coordinate transform matrix obtained from three observed values obtained like this and off-line simulation device, carry out the calibration of robot. But, in the method, it is necessary to prepare the high accuracy three-dimensional cad model for using in off-line simulation device in advance. Further, exist and the calculating in off-line simulation device comprises actual robot this problem of configuration error with actual lathe.
And in the method described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 05-324034 publication or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-152733 publication, except robot and lathe, in addition it is also necessary to host computer or off-line simulation device, thus also there is cost of equipment and become this problem high.
In addition, when the operation of the operation that robot carries out relative to lathe beyond the process comprising processing object, robot not only needs to arrive or close to processing object, in addition it is also necessary to can arrive or close to other position of lathe.Under such circumstances, the allocation position of robot can be restricted significantly.
Like this, when robot comprises the various operation beyond the process of processing object relative to the operation that lathe carries out and makes these operation automations, the words that robot only maintains the coordinate system informations of the operation near processing object are then insufficient.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide the coordinated system of a kind of robot and lathe, namely, the coordinate transform means such as coordinate transform matrix can be obtained well with simple structure and precision, the coordinate transform means such as this coordinate transform matrix for carry out to the robot coordinate system of robot specifications to the coordinate transform of the mechanical coordinate system of the prescribed position being defined in lathe.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a kind of coordinated system, has lathe and carries out the robot of operation relative to above-mentioned lathe, it is characterised in that, possess: pick up camera, it is installed on the movable portion of above-mentioned robot; At least one correction marks, and it is located at above-mentioned lathe; First mark coordinate obtaining section, it obtains above-mentioned correction with being marked at the first coordinate figure in the mechanical coordinate system of above-mentioned machine definition; 2nd mark coordinate obtaining section, it, by taking above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera, obtains above-mentioned correction the 2nd coordinate figure being marked in the robot coordinate system set by above-mentioned robot; And multiple groups of coordinate converting section, its above-mentioned first coordinate figure marked based on above-mentioned correction and above-mentioned 2nd coordinate figure, obtain from above-mentioned robot coordinate system to the coordinate transform means of above-mentioned mechanical coordinate system.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned correction mark installment is in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe, above-mentioned first mark coordinate obtaining section is respectively in multiple positions in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe, the above-mentioned correction of multiple acquirement the first coordinate figure being marked in above-mentioned mechanical coordinate system, above-mentioned 2nd mark coordinate obtaining section is respectively in multiple positions in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe, by taking above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera, obtain multiple above-mentioned correction the 2nd coordinate figure being marked in the robot coordinate system set by above-mentioned robot.
In a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned robot controller controls above-mentioned robot automatically, so that the relative position relation of above-mentioned pick up camera and above-mentioned correction mark becomes the relation of the position that can measure above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera.
Preferred embodiment being described by following by referring to accompanying drawing, the present invention above-mentioned or other object, feature and advantage can become clearly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the first enforcement mode representing the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure representing the state being set with each system of coordinates in the coordinated system of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the schema of an example of the process representing the first enforcement mode.
Fig. 4 represents in the first embodiment with the figure of the state of the position of measurement detector measurement the 2nd correction mark.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the state representing the position measuring the 2nd correction mark in the first embodiment with pick up camera.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the state representing the position measuring the first correction mark in the first embodiment with pick up camera.
Fig. 7 illustrates in the first embodiment for obtaining the figure that the first correction marks the process of the residual quantity (being biased) between instrument forward terminal.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the state representing the position measuring the 2nd correction mark in the first embodiment with pick up camera.
Fig. 9 illustrates in the first embodiment for obtaining from robot coordinate system to the figure of the process of the coordinate transform matrix of mechanical coordinate system.
Figure 10 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the 2nd enforcement mode representing the present invention.
Figure 11 is the figure representing the state being set with each system of coordinates in the coordinated system of Figure 10.
Figure 12 illustrates in this second embodiment for obtaining from robot coordinate system to the figure of the process of the coordinate transform matrix of mechanical coordinate system.
Figure 13 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the 3rd enforcement mode representing the present invention.
Figure 14 illustrates in the third embodiment for obtaining from robot coordinate system to the figure of the process of the coordinate transform matrix of mechanical coordinate system.
Figure 15 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the 4th enforcement mode representing the present invention.
Figure 16 is the figure representing the state being set with each system of coordinates in the coordinated system of Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the schema of an example of the process representing the 4th enforcement mode.
Figure 18 illustrates in the 4th enforcement mode for obtaining from robot coordinate system to the figure of the process of the coordinate transform matrix of mechanical coordinate system.
Figure 19 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the 5th enforcement mode representing the present invention.
Figure 20 is the figure representing the state being set with each system of coordinates in the coordinated system of Figure 19.
Figure 21 a is the front view of the fixture of the band correction mark used in the 5th enforcement mode.
Figure 21 b is the side-view of the fixture of the band correction mark used in the 5th enforcement mode.
Figure 22 represents in the 5th enforcement mode with the figure of the state of the position of pick up camera measurement update mark.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to accompanying drawing, being preferred embodiment described the present invention. In addition, in present specification, " coordinate transform means " this term, except comprising the transformation matrix for carrying out coordinate transform described later, rotation matrix, also comprise the vector for specifying this matrix, scalar, also comprise the calculating formula etc. for the substantially equal calculation process of the coordinate transform carried out with employ this matrix in addition. And, " correction mark " this term, refer to can by be installed on robot pick up camera detection, the mark of the prescribed position that configures or be formed at lathe, printed matter or the shape thing such as marking, by taking correction mark with this pick up camera, it is possible to obtain the position (observed value) of the mark of this correction in robot coordinate system. And in enforcement mode described later, the function of the first mark coordinate obtaining section in the present application is undertaken by the control device of lathe, the function of the 2nd mark coordinate obtaining section and coordinate converting section is undertaken by robot controller, but is not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is the figure of the brief configuration of the coordinated system of the first enforcement mode representing the present invention. The robot 14 relative to the operation of lathe 12 such as process of processing object thing that coordinated system 10 possesses the lathe 12 controlled by NC control device equal controller 11, carry out lathe 12 and the robot controller 16 for the action control that carries out robot 14, and there is the function that mechanical coordinate system described later is set as robot controller 16. Robot 14 is such as six axle multi-joint robots, has arm 18, is installed on the movable portions of robot such as the hand 20 of the front end of arm 18, and in movable portion of this robot, (being preferably the front end of hand 20) is provided with pick up camera 22.Further, the control device 11 of lathe 12 can also be arranged respectively with the casing of lathe 12, it is also possible to forms with this casing one, it is also possible to form with robot controller 16 one.
On the other hand, lathe 12 has: is configured to holding instrument and can rotate around (in illustrative example roughly plumbous direction of hanging down) center axis and the main shaft 24 that can move along this central axial direction; Herein, and be configured to can in the movable portion worktable of the processing object thing (workpiece) etc. being configured to load lathe 12 (be) 26 relative to main shaft 24, at least movement in the plane vertical relative to the central axial direction of main shaft 24. Further, at main shaft 24, it is possible to replacement instrument and (such as contact) measurement detector 28 is installed, the position of the main shaft 24 near measurement detector 28 arranges the first correction mark 30. In addition, worktable 26 arranges the 2nd correction mark 32.
In the first embodiment, following definition or condition (a1)��(a6) is set.
(a1) as shown in Figure 2, with M} represents the system of coordinates (mechanical coordinate system) that lathe 12 defines, and with { R} represents the system of coordinates (robot coordinate system) that robot 14 defines.
(a2) mechanical coordinate system { { R} is all the orthogonal coordinate system with three mutually orthogonal axles (x, y, z), but can also use polar coordinates for M} and robot coordinate system. Further, in the mechanical coordinate system shown in Fig. 2, { in M}, X-axis is the direction vertical with paper, and Y-axis is direction, left and right, Z axle be upper and lower to, on the other hand, robot coordinate system { in R}, X-axis is direction, left and right, and Y-axis is the direction vertical with paper, Z axle be upper and lower to.
(a3) mechanical coordinate system { initial point of M} is fixed on worktable 26, the left inside corner (with reference to Fig. 9) of the worktable 26 of the position (x, y, z) of this initial point when observing worktable 26 from robot 14 side becomes that (x, y)=(0,0) become z=0 when the forward terminal (instrument forward terminal) of the instrument (not shown) being installed on main shaft 24 is in tool changing position in addition. Wherein, mechanical coordinate system { origin position of M}, the direction of each basic axle are not limited thereto.
(a4) mechanical coordinate system M}, robot coordinate system R} and to pick up camera 22 define camera coordinate system respectively terminate correction. Further, robot coordinate system { the position relation (coordinate transform means) between R} and camera coordinate system is known.
(a5) as shown in Figure 2, for convenience of calculating, to prescribed position (such as worktable 26) the definition system of coordinates (machinery matrix system of coordinates) of lathe 12, and with { B} represents. The mechanical matrix system of coordinates represented of illustrating in Fig. 2 is (following, also referred to as matrix system of coordinates) {, as initial point, { { M} is consistent with mechanical coordinate system in the direction of each basic axle (x, y, z) of B} for matrix system of coordinates for the point that B} intersects using the surface (upper surface) of the center axis of main shaft 24 with worktable 26. That is, matrix system of coordinates B} be equivalent to make mechanical coordinate system M} move in parallel after system of coordinates.
(a6) measurement detector 28 and the first correction mark 30 can use simultaneously.
Next, in coordinated system 10, with reference to Fig. 1��Figure 10, illustrates under above-mentioned definition or condition, acquirement be used for carrying out from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the matrix system of coordinates { order of the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of B}.
First, as shown in Figure 1, lathe 12 and robot 14 are configured at the position predetermined, (the step S11 of Fig. 3).First correction mark 30 and the 2nd correction mark 32 are installed on main shaft 24 and worktable 26 (the movable portion of lathe 12) (the step S12 of Fig. 3) respectively.
Next, as shown in Figure 4, the measurement detector 28 using the main shaft 24 being installed on lathe 12 is (specifically, the at least one party in measurement detector 28 and worktable 26 is made to move and make detector 28 be connected to the 2nd correction mark 32), the position of the 2nd correction mark 32 being installed on worktable 26 is measured. By this measurement, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}MPMA1(the first coordinate figure).
Next, as shown in Figure 5, main shaft 24 is moved upward, use be located at robot 14 pick up camera 22 (specifically, enter in the visual field of pick up camera 22 to enable the 2nd correction mark 32 and the position of this mark with enough precision measures in the way of control 14), and take the 2nd correction mark 32. By this process, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the robot coordinate system { position in R}RPMA1(the 2nd coordinate figure).
Next, it may also be useful to robot 14 measure from robot coordinate system R} to matrix system of coordinates the coordinate transform matrix T of B} when the unknown from the central position of position to the first correction mark 30 of instrument forward terminal, taking mechanical coordinate system { biased as benchmark of M}MPOFF1=(PxOFF1��PyOFF1��PzOFF1) x, y composition in (with reference to Fig. 2). Hereinafter, its detailed content is described.
As shown in Figure 6, first make main shaft 24 move to arbitrary position, take the first correction mark 30 with pick up camera 22, and measure (acquirement) in robot coordinate system's { first location in R}RPu1. Next, main shaft 24 is moved to other optional position, take the first correction mark 30 with pick up camera 22, and measure (acquirement) in robot coordinate system's { second position in R}RPu2. According to first locationRPu1And the second positionRPu2, obtain robot coordinate system the straight line (formula) that passes through in these positions in the R} axle that (is herein Z ").
As shown in Figure 7, next, {, calculate and pass through first location in R} robot coordinate systemRPu1And the second positionRPu2Straight line (Z " axle) vertically intersect and comprise the 2nd correction mark 32 in the robot coordinate system { position in R}RPMA1Planar S1, by this planar S1With pass through first locationRPu1And the second positionRPu2Straight line intersect point be set toRPd1. Make pick up camera 22 to taking this pointRPd1(be preferably pointRPd1It being positioned at the center of the visual field of pick up camera 22) position moves.
Next, worktable 26 is moved, so that pointRPd1Overlapping with the central position of the 2nd correction mark 32. Wherein, owing at current time, not obtaining coordinate transform matrix T, so the travel direction of worktable 26 cannot uniquely be determined. Therefore, owing to the 2nd correction is with marking 32 in the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}MPMA1With at robot coordinate system's { point in R}RPd1Between distance very short, if so with positionMPMA1X, y-coordinate be starting point, make worktable 26 move slight distance and take the 2nd correction mark 32 with pick up camera 22, then robot coordinate system in R}, it is possible to and detection the 2nd correction with mark 32 center whether close to pointRPd1. Based on such idea, by making worktable 26 move to arbitrary direction, and the change of the measuring position of the 2nd correction mark 32 is measured with pick up camera 22, thus can suitably revise the variable quantity of measuring position and the travel direction of worktable 26, and can so that the 2nd correction that pick up camera 22 carries out marks measuring position and the point of 32RPd1Consistent mode makes worktable 26 move.
As shown in Figure 7, the measuring position of the 2nd correction mark 32 pick up camera 22 carried out and pointRPd1Time consistent, { position of the instrument forward terminal in M} is set in mechanical coordinate systemMPT1. By obtaining this positionMPT1With the 2nd correction position of mark 32MPMA1Difference, obtain above-mentioned biasedMPOFF1X, y composition (PxOFF1��PyOFF1)��
Next, as shown in Figure 8, in lathe 12, movable portion (being worktable 26) is moved (the step S13 of Fig. 3) herein to arbitrary position. Wherein, the 2nd correction with the center of mark 32 not with the central shaft line overlap of main shaft 24. Use the correction of the 2nd now mark 32 at the mechanical coordinate system { coordinate figure in M}MPMA1, by the 2nd correction mark 32 mechanical coordinate system the position in M} be transformed to matrix system of coordinates the coordinate figure in B}, and by conversion after coordinate figure be set toBPM2. Suitable means are used to send coordinate figure to robot controller 16BPM2��
And, by make to be installed on the distance between the 2nd correction mark 32 of worktable 26 and the pick up camera 22 being installed on the finger tip of robot 14 become suitably and can with the position of enough precision measures the 2nd correction mark 32 in the way of, it may also be useful to the action of robot controller 16 Lai Shi robot 14. And take the 2nd correction mark 32 with pick up camera 22, and obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the robot coordinate system { position (observed value) in R}RPM2(the step S14 of Fig. 3).
Herein, will by the first correction mark 30 in robot coordinate system's { first location in R}RPu1And the second positionRPu2Straight line (with reference to Fig. 7) be defined as the Z of supposition " axle is obtained and Z, and " axle intersect vertically and comprises a littleRPM2Planar S2, when by this planar S2With Z " when the intersection point of axle is set to initial point, will from this initial point towardsRPu1Direction be set to Z axle just to.
Next, as shown in Figure 9, it is resolved that will from planar S2Initial point towards the 2nd correction with mark 32 positionRPM2Direction be set to just to the X ' axle of supposition, and to by this X ' axle, in planar S2The system of coordinates { B ' } of the supposition that upper prolongation and the Y ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and the Z ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and Y ' axle both sides are formed defines, thus can obtain from robot coordinate system R} to the coordinate transform matrix T of system of coordinates { B ' } '. In addition, the define method of system of coordinates { B ' } is not limited thereto.
In addition, obtain and be equivalent to the 2nd correction mark 32 in the matrix system of coordinates { position in B}BPM2X, y composition and above-mentioned amount of biasMPOFF1X, y composition (PxOFF1��PyOFF1) the position vector of difference, and obtain so that this position vector and the matrix system of coordinates { rotational transformation matrix just making it angle of rotation �� to the mode that straight line is overlapping of the X-axis of B}BR��
Herein, as shown in Figure 9, in order to make the Z ' axle of the system of coordinates { B ' } of supposition and be marked the first location of 30 by the first correctionRPu1And the second positionRPu2Straight line (Z " axle) be in parallel relation, and obtain coordinate transform matrix T ' in advance and according to rotational transformation matrixBR and the coordinate transform matrix T that obtains ", and by use coordinate transform matrix T " and from robot coordinate system R} convert after system of coordinates be set to { B " }. This system of coordinates the x-y plane of B " } and matrix system of coordinates the plane of B} is overlapped, system of coordinates B " } and matrix system of coordinates B} be in be parallel to each other mobile after position relation, in addition its amount of parallel movement byBPM2X, y composition represent. Therefore, with the use ofBPM2, obtain for from system of coordinates { B " } to matrix system of coordinates the coordinate transform matrix T that B} moves in parallel " '.
In sum, it is possible to obtain coordinate transform matrix T " (coordinate transform matrix T ' and rotational transformation matrixBR), and can according to coordinate transform matrix T " ' and obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to matrix system of coordinates { the coordinate transform matrix T (the step S15 of Fig. 3) of B}. Due to matrix system of coordinates B} and mechanical coordinate system M} be in be parallel to each other mobile after relation, if so obtain coordinate transform matrix T, then also can easily obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to mechanical coordinate system { the coordinate transform matrix of M}.
In the first embodiment, { observed value of any two positions in R}, 32 are marked relative to the 2nd correction in the amount of bias of x, y composition till the point of central shaft (Z axle) any one position in these two positions of main shaft 24 and worktable 26 at robot coordinate system's { R} and the matrix system of coordinates { observed value of B} in each, it is possible to obtain coordinate transform matrix T robot coordinate system with the use of the first correction mark 30 being installed on main shaft 24. Like this, owing to any one position measured on worktable 26 is enough to, it is possible to what expand robot 14 can configure region. In addition, it is fixed on main shaft 24 is enough to owing to being installed on the first correction mark 30 of main shaft 24, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom of design.
Next, with reference to Figure 10��Figure 12, the 2nd enforcement mode of the present application is described.
In this second embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, as the structure of coordinated system, except the first correction mark 30 can change this point with the measurement detector 28 illustrated in the first embodiment, can be identical with the first enforcement mode, thus give the symbol identical with the first enforcement mode for substantially equal integrant, and omit detailed description.
In this second embodiment, following definition or condition (b1)��(b6) is set. In addition, (b1)��(b5) is substantially identical with (a1)��(a5) of the first enforcement mode.
(b1) as shown in figure 11, with M} represents the system of coordinates (mechanical coordinate system) that lathe 12 defines, and with { R} represents the system of coordinates (robot coordinate system) that robot 14 defines.
(b2) mechanical coordinate system { { R} is all the orthogonal coordinate system with three mutually orthogonal axles (x, y, z), but can also use polar coordinates for M} and robot coordinate system. Further, in the mechanical coordinate system shown in Figure 11, { in M}, X-axis is the direction vertical with paper, and Y-axis is direction, left and right, Z axle be upper and lower to, on the other hand, robot coordinate system { in R}, X-axis is direction, left and right, and Y-axis is the direction vertical with paper, Z axle be upper and lower to.
(b3) mechanical coordinate system { initial point of M} is fixed on worktable 26, position (the x of this initial point, y, z) the left inside corner (with reference to Figure 12) of worktable 26 when observing worktable 26 from robot 14 side becomes that (x, y)=(0,0) become z=0 when the forward terminal (instrument forward terminal) of the instrument (not shown) being installed on main shaft 24 is in tool changing position in addition. Wherein, mechanical coordinate system { origin position of M}, the direction of each basic axle are not limited thereto.
(b4) mechanical coordinate system M}, robot coordinate system R} and to pick up camera 22 define camera coordinate system respectively terminate correction. Further, robot coordinate system { the position relation (coordinate transform means) between R} and camera coordinate system is known.
(b5) as shown in figure 11, for convenience of calculating, at prescribed position (such as worktable 26) the definition system of coordinates (machinery matrix system of coordinates) of lathe 12, and with { B} represents.The mechanical matrix system of coordinates represented of illustrating in Figure 11 is (following, also referred to as matrix system of coordinates) {, as initial point, { { M} is consistent with mechanical coordinate system in the direction of each basic axle (x, y, z) of B} for matrix system of coordinates for the point that B} intersects using the surface (upper surface) of the center axis of main shaft 24 with worktable 26. That is, matrix system of coordinates B} be equivalent to make mechanical coordinate system M} move in parallel after system of coordinates.
(b6) the first correction mark 30 can be installed on main shaft 24 with the form identical with instrument, and its central point is positioned on the axis of main shaft.
(b7) the first correction mark 30 can be changed with measurement detector.
Next, in the coordinated system 10 of the 2nd enforcement mode, with reference to Figure 10��Figure 12, illustrates under above-mentioned definition or condition, acquirement be used for carrying out from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the matrix system of coordinates { order of the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of B}.
First, identical with the first enforcement mode, the main shaft 24 at lathe 12 installs and measures with detector, is measured the position of the 2nd correction mark 32 being installed on worktable 26. By this measurement, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}MPMA1. Afterwards, measurement detector is replaced by the first correction mark 30.
Similar with Fig. 6, main shaft 24 is moved to arbitrary position, use be located at robot 14 pick up camera 22 (specifically, enter in the visual field of pick up camera 22 to enable the first correction mark 30 and the position of this mark with enough precision measures in the way of control 14), and take the first correction mark 30, thus measure (acquirement) in robot coordinate system's { first location in R}RPu1. Next, main shaft 24 is moved to other arbitrary position, takes the first correction mark 30 with pick up camera 22, thus measure (acquirement) in robot coordinate system's { second position in R}RPu2��
Next, similar with Fig. 8, worktable 26 is moved to arbitrary position. Wherein, the 2nd correction with the center of mark 32 not with the central shaft line overlap of main shaft 24. Use the correction of the 2nd now mark 32 at the mechanical coordinate system { coordinate figure in M}MPMA1, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 mechanical coordinate system the position in M}, and be transformed to matrix system of coordinates the coordinate figure in B}, and by conversion after coordinate figure be set toBPM2. Suitable means are used to send coordinate figure to robot controller 16BPM2��
Next, by make to be installed on the distance between the 2nd correction mark 32 of worktable 26 and the pick up camera 22 being installed on the finger tip of robot 14 become suitably and can with the position of enough precision measures the 2nd correction mark 32 in the way of, it may also be useful to the action of robot controller 16 Lai Shi robot 14. And take the 2nd correction mark 32 with pick up camera 22, and obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the robot coordinate system { position (observed value) in R}RPM2��
By the first location by the first above-mentioned correction mark 30RPu1And the second positionRPu2Straight line be set to Z axle, obtain and intersect vertically with Z axle and comprise a littleRPM2Planar S, when the intersection point of this planar S and Z axle is set to initial point, will from this initial point towardsRPu1Direction be set to Z axle just to.
Next, as shown in figure 12, it is resolved that by from the initial point of planar S towards the 2nd correction position of mark 32RPM2Direction be set to just to the X ' axle of supposition, and to by this X ' axle, extend in planar S and the system of coordinates { B ' } of supposition that the Y ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and the Z ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and Y ' axle both sides are formed defines, thus can obtain from robot coordinate system R} to the coordinate transform matrix T of system of coordinates { B ' } '.In addition, the method for the definition of system of coordinates { B ' } is not limited thereto.
In addition, according to the 2nd correction with marking 32 in the matrix system of coordinates { position in B}BPM2X, y composition, obtain so that this position and the matrix system of coordinates { rotational transformation matrix just making it angle of rotation �� to the mode that straight line is overlapping of the X-axis of B}BR��
Herein, as shown in figure 12, due to the Z ' axle of system of coordinates { B ' } that supposes and matrix system of coordinates, { the Z axle of B} is in parallel relation, so according to coordinate transform matrix T ' and rotational transformation matrixBR, it is possible to obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to matrix system of coordinates { the coordinate transform matrix T of B}.
In this second embodiment, with the use of the first correction mark 30 being installed on main shaft 24, robot coordinate system, { the 2nd correction on the observed value of arbitrary two positions in R} and worktable 26 marks 32 at robot coordinate system's { R} and the matrix system of coordinates { observed value of B} in each, it is possible to obtain coordinate transform matrix T. Like this, owing to any one position measured on worktable 26 is enough to, it is possible to what expand robot 14 can configure region. , in this second embodiment, it is not necessary to consider amount of bias as in the first embodiment, further but first correction mark 30 needs possess the structure that can be installed on main shaft 24 as instrument.
Next, with reference to Figure 13 and Figure 14, the 3rd enforcement mode of the present application is described.
In the third embodiment, as shown in figure 13, as the structure of coordinated system, except not using first or the 2nd the first correction mark this point in enforcement mode, can be identical with the first enforcement mode, thus give the symbol identical with the first enforcement mode for substantially equal integrant, and omit detailed description.
In the third embodiment, following definition or condition (c1)��(c5) is set. In addition, (c1)��(c5) is substantially identical with (a1)��(a5) of the first enforcement mode.
(c1) as shown in figure 14, with M} represents the system of coordinates (mechanical coordinate system) that lathe 12 defines, and with { R} represents the system of coordinates (robot coordinate system) that robot 14 defines.
(c2) mechanical coordinate system { { R} is all the orthogonal coordinate system with three mutually orthogonal axles (x, y, z), but can also use polar coordinates for M} and robot coordinate system. Further, shown in Figure 14 mechanical coordinate system in M}, and X-axis be upper and lower to, Y-axis is direction, left and right, Z axle is the direction vertical with paper, on the other hand, robot coordinate system { in R}, X-axis is direction, left and right, Y-axis be upper and lower to, Z axle is the direction vertical with paper.
(c3) mechanical coordinate system { initial point of M} is fixed on worktable 26, the left inside corner (with reference to Figure 14) of the worktable 26 of the position (x, y, z) of this initial point when observing worktable 26 from robot 14 side becomes (x, y)=(0,0), in addition, z=0 is become when the forward terminal (instrument forward terminal) of the instrument (not shown) being installed on main shaft 24 is in tool changing position. Wherein, mechanical coordinate system { origin position of M}, the direction of each basic axle are not limited thereto.
(c4) mechanical coordinate system M}, robot coordinate system R} and to pick up camera 22 define camera coordinate system respectively terminate correction. Further, robot coordinate system { the position relation (coordinate transform means) between R} and camera coordinate system is known.
(c5) as shown in figure 14, for convenience of calculating, at prescribed position (such as worktable 26) the definition system of coordinates (machinery matrix system of coordinates) of lathe 12, and with { B} represents.The mechanical matrix system of coordinates represented of illustrating in Figure 14 is (following, also referred to as matrix system of coordinates) {, as initial point, { { M} is consistent with mechanical coordinate system in the direction of each basic axle (x, y, z) of B} for matrix system of coordinates for the point that B} intersects using the surface (upper surface) of the center axis of main shaft 24 with worktable 26. That is, matrix system of coordinates B} be equivalent to make mechanical coordinate system M} move in parallel after system of coordinates.
Next, in the coordinated system 10 of the 3rd enforcement mode, illustrates under above-mentioned definition or condition, acquirement be used for carrying out from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the matrix system of coordinates { order of the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of B}.
, it may also be useful to be installed on the measurement detector 28 of the main shaft 24 of lathe 12, first the position of the 2nd correction mark 32 being installed on worktable 26 is measured identically with the first enforcement mode. By this measurement, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}MPMA1��
Next, make worktable 26 move to arbitrary position. Wherein, the 2nd correction with the center of mark 32 not with the central shaft line overlap of main shaft 24. Use the correction of the 2nd now mark 32 at the mechanical coordinate system { coordinate figure in M}MPMA1, obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 mechanical coordinate system the position in M}, and be transformed to matrix system of coordinates the coordinate figure in B}, and by conversion after coordinate figure be set toBPM1. Suitable means are used to send coordinate figure to robot controller 16BPM1��
Next, by make to be installed on the distance between the 2nd correction mark 32 of worktable 26 and the pick up camera 22 being installed on the finger tip of robot 14 become suitably and can with the position of enough precision measures the 2nd correction mark 32 in the way of, it may also be useful to the action of robot controller 16 Lai Shi robot 14. And take the 2nd correction mark 32 with pick up camera 22, and obtain the 2nd correction mark 32 in the robot coordinate system { position (observed value) in R}RPM1��
By above operation, obtain one group of the 2nd correction mark 32 robot coordinate system R} and matrix system of coordinates the group of each position, i.e. position in B} (BPM1��RPM1). As shown in figure 14, change the position of worktable 26 and carry out obtaining for twice the operation of the group of this position in addition, obtain in addition two group of the 2nd correction mark 32 position group ((BPM2��RPM2)��(BPM3��RPM3))��
According to the 2nd correction mark 32 obtained like this robot coordinate system three coordinates in R} (RPM1��RPM2��RPM3), it is possible to specify a plane. With the axle of this plane orthogonal and matrix system of coordinates the Z axle of B} is parallel, and will matrix system of coordinates three coordinates in B} (BPM1��BPM2��BPM3) in one (towards direction) be set to Z axle just to.
As shown in figure 14, next, by any point in above-mentioned plane (it is hereinRPM1) it is set to initial point, it is resolved that will be fromRPM1TowardsRPM2Direction be set to just to the X ' axle of supposition, and to by this X ' axle, by robot coordinate system the plane that three coordinates in R} specify extends and the system of coordinates { B ' } of supposition that the Y ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and the Z ' axle orthogonal with X ' axle and Y ' axle both sides are formed defines, and obtain for carry out from robot coordinate system R} to the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of system of coordinates { B ' } '. { the Z axle of B} is parallel with the Z ' axle of the system of coordinates { B ' } of supposition, and it is just to also consistent for matrix system of coordinates. In addition, the method for the definition of system of coordinates { B ' } is not limited thereto.
Next, obtain fromBPM1ExtremelyBPM2Difference (vector), and obtain for make this vector and matrix system of coordinates B} represents X-axis just to straight line consistent, around the rotational transformation matrix of Z axleBR '.According to coordinate transform matrix T ' and rotational transformation matrixBR ', obtain for from robot coordinate system R} carries out the coordinate transform matrix T of coordinate transform to the system of coordinates { B " } supposed ".
Assuming that system of coordinates B " } and matrix system of coordinates B} be in be parallel to each other mobile after position relation, it is possible to according to byBPM1The coordinate figure represented obtains direction and the distance that it moves in parallel. Therefore, according toBPM1And coordinate transform matrix T ", it is possible to obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to matrix system of coordinates { the coordinate transform matrix T of B}.
In the third embodiment, with the use of the 2nd correction on worktable 26 with mark 32 at robot coordinate system's { R} and matrix system of coordinates { three observed values (group of position) of B} in each, it is possible to obtain coordinate transform matrix T. , in the third embodiment, further owing to not needing the first correction mark being installed on main shaft 24, so not needing to make pick up camera 22 to measure close to main shaft 24 such that it is able to what expand robot 14 further can configure region.
Next, with reference to Figure 15��Figure 18, the 4th enforcement mode of the present application is described. As shown in figure 15, the coordinated system 40 of the 4th enforcement mode possesses the lathes such as processing center 42, carries out the process of the processing object thing of lathe 42 etc. relative to the robot 44 of operation of lathe 42 and the robot controller of the action of control 44, and has the function that mechanical coordinate system described later is set as robot controller. Robot controller is connected with lathe 42 (or its control device), but this is not shown.
Robot 44 is such as six axle multi-joint robots, has arm 46, is installed on the movable portions of robot such as the hand 48 of the front end of arm 46, and in movable portion of this robot, (being preferably the front end of hand 48) is provided with pick up camera 50. Further, the stand axle 52 of robot 44 in the inside being located at lathe 42 is installed, and can move along stand axle 52.
Lathe 42 has: be configured to holding instrument and main shaft 54 that (in illustrative example vertical axis line direction) can rotate; And it is configured to load the worktable 56 of the processing object thing (workpiece) etc. of lathe 42. Further, at least three corrections mark is arranged on the mutually different prescribed position (being preferably fixed position) of the inside of lathe 42. In illustrative example, it is comprise the inside division of lathe 42 process zone of main shaft 54 and comprise the robot manipulating task region that robot 44 carries out the operation platform 58 of operation, it is formed with the first correction mark 62 and the 2nd correction mark 64 in different two position (upper surface of illustrative example spacers 60 and side) of the interval part 60 dispersed preventing the machining oil from process zone, chip etc. respectively, and on operation platform 58, forms the 3rd correction mark 66.
In the 4th enforcement mode, set following definition or condition (d1)��(d6). In addition, (d1)��(d5) is substantially identical with (a1)��(a5) of the first enforcement mode.
(d1) as shown in figure 16, with M} represents the system of coordinates (mechanical coordinate system) that lathe 42 defines, and with { R} represents the system of coordinates (robot coordinate system) that robot 44 defines.
(d2) mechanical coordinate system { { R} is all the orthogonal coordinate system with three mutually orthogonal axles (x, y, z), but can also use polar coordinates for M} and robot coordinate system. Further, in the mechanical coordinate system shown in Figure 16, { in M}, X-axis is direction, left and right, and Y-axis is the direction vertical with paper, Z axle be upper and lower to, on the other hand, robot coordinate system { in R}, X-axis is direction, left and right, and Y-axis is the direction vertical with paper, Z axle be upper and lower to.
(d3) mechanical coordinate system { initial point of M} is fixed on worktable 56, the left inside corner of the worktable 56 of the position (x, y, z) of this initial point when observing worktable 56 from robot 44 side becomes (x, y)=(0,0), in addition, z=0 is become when the forward terminal (instrument forward terminal) of the instrument (not shown) being installed on main shaft 54 is in tool changing position.
(d4) mechanical coordinate system M}, robot coordinate system R} and to pick up camera 50 define camera coordinate system respectively terminate correction. Further, robot coordinate system { the position relation (coordinate transform means) between R} and camera coordinate system is known
(d5) as shown in figure 16, for convenience of calculating, at prescribed position (such as worktable 56) the definition system of coordinates (machinery matrix system of coordinates) of lathe 42, and with { B} represents. The mechanical matrix system of coordinates represented of illustrating in Figure 16 is (following, also referred to as matrix system of coordinates) {, as initial point, { { M} is consistent with mechanical coordinate system in the direction of each basic axle (x, y, z) of B} for matrix system of coordinates for the point that B} intersects using the surface (upper surface) of the center axis of main shaft 54 with worktable 56. That is, matrix system of coordinates B} be equivalent to make mechanical coordinate system M} move in parallel after system of coordinates.
(d6) { position (coordinate figure) in B} is all known with being marked at matrix system of coordinates to be located at three of inside corrections of lathe 42. Now, from matrix system of coordinates the coordinate vector that the initial point of B} marks to the first��three correction respectively byBPM1��BPM2, andBPM3Represent.
Next, in coordinated system 40, with reference to Figure 15��Figure 18, illustrates under above-mentioned definition or condition, acquirement be used for carrying out from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the matrix system of coordinates { order of the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of B}.
First, as shown in figure 15, lathe 42 and robot 44 are configured at the position (the step S21 of Figure 17) predetermined, and the prescribed position (being herein interval part 60 and operation platform 58) at lathe 42 forms the first��three correction mark 62,64 and 66 (the step S22 of Figure 17).
Herein, due to the matrix system of coordinates { coordinate figure of three correction marks in B}BPM1��BPM2, andBPM3All known, so using these coordinate figures to define the system of coordinates { B ' } of supposition, and obtain from system of coordinates { B ' } to matrix system of coordinates { the coordinate transform matrix T of B}B. Herein, as shown in figure 16, definition byBPM1��BPM2, andBPM3The plane of these 3 regulations, by the first correction position of mark 62BPM1Be set to initial point, will extend on this plane and with from initial point towardsBPM3Contrary direction, direction be set to the X ' axle that supposes, will extend on this plane and the direction orthogonal with X ' axle is set to the Z ' axle that supposes, and the direction orthogonal with X ' axle and Z ' axle both sides will be set to the Y ' axle that supposes, and thus can define system of coordinates { B ' }. In addition, the method for the definition of system of coordinates { B ' } is not limited thereto, such as also can define withBPM2OrBPM3For the system of coordinates of the supposition of initial point.
Next, as shown in figure 18, it may also be useful to be located at the pick up camera 50 (specifically, control 44 in the way of in making the first correction mark 62 enter the visual field of pick up camera 50) of robot 44, take the first correction mark 62. By this process, obtain the first correction mark 62 in the robot coordinate system { position in R}RPM1. Equally, it may also be useful to the 2nd correction mark 64 taken by pick up camera 50, the 2nd correction mark 64 is obtained in the robot coordinate system { position in R}RPM2.In addition equally, it may also be useful to the 3rd correction mark 66 taken by pick up camera 50, the 3rd correction mark 66 is obtained in the robot coordinate system { position in R}RPM3(the step S23 of Figure 17).
With the use of obtain by pick up camera 50 three corrections be marked at robot coordinate system three coordinate figures in R} (RPM1��RPM2��RPM3), obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the coordinate transform matrix T of system of coordinates { B ' } supposedR. In addition, it may also be useful to this coordinate transform matrix TRWith above-mentioned coordinate transform matrix TB, obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to matrix system of coordinates { the coordinate transform matrix T (the step S24 of Figure 17) of B}. That is, T=TR(TB)-1Wherein, ((TB)-1Refer to TBInverse matrix).
In the 4th enforcement mode, known by least three corrections being marked the position being set in the system of coordinates of prescribed position being defined in lathe, can only use the pick up camera of robot to measure above-mentioned correction mark, just can obtain the system of coordinates that robot and lathe are shared. Therefore, do not need the position according to correction mark and make robot close to the main shaft of lathe, worktable, thus robot such as can be made only to carry out action etc. in the robot manipulating task region being separated by by interval part, and can suitably set the actuation range of robot accordingly with its operation content, it is also possible to what expand robot can configure region.
Next, with reference to Figure 19��Figure 22, the 5th enforcement mode of the present application is described. As shown in figure 19, the coordinated system 70 of the 5th enforcement mode possesses lathe (in illustrative example for NC lathe) 72 and is connected with lathe 72 and carries out the robot 74 relative to the operation of lathe 72 such as process of the processing object thing of lathe 72, and has the function that mechanical coordinate system described later is set as robot controller. Robot 74 is such as six axle multi-joint robots, has arm 76, is installed on the movable portions of robot such as the hand 78 of the front end of arm 76, and in movable portion of this robot, (being preferably the front end of hand 78) is provided with pick up camera 80. Robot controller is connected with NC lathe 72, but this is not shown.
On the other hand, lathe 72 possesses: lathe bed 82; The main shaft seat 84 being configured on lathe bed 82; There is the chuck 86 of holding instrument and in the way of (along horizontal axis direction in illustrative example) rotates, it is located at the main shaft 88 of main shaft seat 84; The tailstock 90 being configured on lathe bed 82; It is configured to the traverse slide 92 that can move relative to lathe bed 82; And it is located at the knife rack rotary tower 94 of traverse slide 92. Further, in the 5th enforcement mode, robot 74 is configured on main shaft seat 84, and measurement detector 96 is installed on knife rack rotary tower 94 by the form identical with instrument (to be generally can load and unload in the way of). In addition, it can install the fixture 98 of the tape label possessing at least three correction marks at chuck 86.
In the 5th enforcement mode, set following definition or condition (e1)��(e5).
(e1) as shown in figure 20, with M} represents the system of coordinates (mechanical coordinate system) that NC lathe 72 defines, and with { R} represents the system of coordinates (robot coordinate system) that robot 74 defines.
(e2) mechanical coordinate system the initial point of M} is fixed on the center axis of main shaft 88, and, mechanical coordinate system M} towards being benchmark taking JISB6310, in Figure 20 top be equivalent to its X-axis just to.
(e3) mechanical coordinate system M}, robot coordinate system R} and to pick up camera 80 define camera coordinate system respectively terminate correction.Further, robot coordinate system { the position relation (coordinate transform means) between R} and camera coordinate system is known.
(e4) as shown in Figure 21 a and 21b, the main body of the fixture 98 of tape label is substantially cylindrical shape, and the Difference angles in the same circumference of its side is formed with the first��three correction mark 100,102 and 104. The angle position relation of three marks can arbitrary decision, but in illustrative example, become the interval of waiting being separated from each other 120 degree and configure.
(e5) relative position relation of three of the fixture 98 of tape label marks 100,102 and 104 is known by measurement in advance etc.
Next, in the coordinated system 70 of the 5th enforcement mode, illustrates under above-mentioned definition or condition, acquirement be used for carrying out from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the mechanical coordinate system { order of the coordinate transform matrix T of the coordinate transform of M}.
First, as shown in figure 20, the chuck 86 that the fixture 98 of tape label is installed on NC lathe 72, with low speed feeding main shaft 88, until the center of fixture 98 correction mark (being the first correction mark 100) and instrument (measurement detector 96) front end are to connecing herein. Afterwards, it may also be useful to be installed on the measurement detector 96 of knife rack rotary tower 94, to the first correction mark 100, in mechanical coordinate system, { position (coordinate figure) in the Z-X plane of M} is measured. Herein, owing to the relative position relation of the first��three correction mark is known, so by the position measuring the first correction mark 100, it is possible to use its relative position relation to obtain the position (coordinate figure) of the 2nd correction mark 102 and the 3rd correction mark 104.
According in mechanical coordinate system, { three (correction mark) coordinate figures obtained in M} define system of coordinates { M ' }, and obtain from mechanical coordinate system that { M} is to the coordinate transform matrix T of system of coordinates { M ' }M. In addition, for the method for definition of system of coordinates { M ' }, it is possible to identical with the definition of the system of coordinates { B ' } of the supposition in the 3rd or the 4th enforcement mode, thus detailed description is omitted.
Next, as shown in figure 22, knife rack rotary tower 94 (traverse slide 92) is kept out of the way from main shaft 88, in the way of becoming suitable to make the distance between the first correction mark 100 and the pick up camera 80 being installed on the finger tip of robot 74 and the position of 100 can being marked with enough precision measure first corrections, make robot 74 action. And take the first correction mark 100 with pick up camera 80, and obtain the first correction mark 100 in the robot coordinate system { position (observed value) in R}. Equally, { position in R} is measured robot coordinate system also to use pick up camera 80 that the 2nd correction mark 102 and the 3rd correction are marked 104.
Herein, as long as three correction marks of the fixture 98 of band correction mark are in the same circumference of center axis of main shaft 88, can install with arbitrary angle intervals, but the pick up camera 80 being installed on robot 74 is preferably configured in angle position as the measurement that can easily carry out each mark.
According to robot coordinate system, { three (correction mark) coordinate figures obtained in R} obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to the coordinate transform matrix T of system of coordinates { M ' }R��
Use the coordinate transform matrix T obtained like thisMAnd TR, it is possible to obtain from robot coordinate system that { R} is to mechanical coordinate system { the coordinate transform matrix T of M}. That is, T=TR(TM)-1Wherein, ((TM)-1Refer to TMInverse matrix).
In the 5th enforcement mode, with the use of the fixture of band correction mark, obtain in mechanical coordinate system that { three point coordinate values in M} and three point coordinate values in the robot coordinate system corresponding with it thus can obtain from robot to the coordinate transform matrix of lathe (NC lathe). That is, owing to robot is not the system of coordinates only obtaining processing object, so except the process of processing object, it is also possible to make the operations such as the robot cleaning carrying out the inspection of NC lathe and diagnosis, chip.
In addition, when NC lathe 72 is turnery processing center, owing to turnery processing center has spindle index (C axle feeding) function, so only arrange a correction mark be enough at the fixture 98 of band correction mark. Specifically, for a correction mark, after (mechanical coordinate system { in the M}) measurement having carried out measurement detector 96 and (robot coordinate system { in the R}) measurement employing pick up camera 80, carry out the C axle feeding of first time. According to the amount of feed now, obtain this correction with being marked at the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}, and carry out employing the measurement of pick up camera 80. In addition, carry out secondary C axle feeding, and according to the amount of feed now, obtain this correction with being marked at the mechanical coordinate system { position in M}, and carry out employing the measurement of pick up camera 80. In sum, for correction mark, owing to obtaining three groups of mechanical coordinate systems, { { coordinate figure in R}, it is possible to obtain coordinate transform matrix T for coordinate figure in M} and robot coordinate system.
In above-mentioned each enforcement mode, robot controller can control automatically so that the relative position relation of pick up camera and correction mark becomes the relation of the position that can mark with pick up camera measurement update. Specifically, when by make the relative distance of correction mark and the pick up camera of robot become suitable in the way of control time, correction mark is taken with pick up camera (when being namely in starting position) before making robot motion, utilize the photographing information obtained, and can carry out making robot automatically close to the correction such control of mark. In addition, this can apply the above-mentioned technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2009-279677 publication. Like this, it is possible to automatically carry out measurement update a series of action of the position being marked in robot coordinate system, thus the burden of operator reduce.
According to the present invention, owing to obtaining from the coordinate transform means of robot coordinate system to the mechanical coordinate system of the prescribed position being defined in lathe being set in robot well with easy structure and precision, it is possible to easily be made the robot program of the various operations of the process carrying out comprising processing object relative to lathe. And, it is possible to what expand robot can configure scope, it is also possible to reduce the model errors of the non-linear cannot considered in off-line simulation device.
And, according to the present invention, owing to shared system of coordinates can be obtained in robot and lathe, so when possessing three-dimensional CAD model information respectively in robot and lathe, obtain the information relevant to lathe when robot manipulating task, and the presence or absence etc. of interference can be confirmed. Now, owing to the state of location of processing object thing etc. of lathe is known for robot, so when carrying out the operation of lathe, produce not need to make robot retreat to the situation of secure location, now, owing to also can not wait that the mobile end of robot just carries out the operation of lathe, it is possible to improve the operation efficiency of coordinated system entirety. Further, owing to the three-dimensional CAD model information of lathe also can be utilized in robot, so when lathe produces abnormal, it is also possible to automatically check lathe with the pick up camera being installed on robot.

Claims (3)

1. a coordinated system, has lathe and carries out the robot of operation relative to above-mentioned lathe, it is characterised in that, possess:
Pick up camera, it is installed on the movable portion of above-mentioned robot;
At least one correction marks, and it is located at above-mentioned lathe;
First mark coordinate obtaining section, it obtains above-mentioned correction with being marked at the first coordinate figure in the mechanical coordinate system of above-mentioned machine definition;
2nd mark coordinate obtaining section, it, by taking above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera, obtains above-mentioned correction the 2nd coordinate figure being marked in the robot coordinate system set by above-mentioned robot; And
Multiple groups of coordinate converting section, its above-mentioned first coordinate figure marked based on above-mentioned correction and above-mentioned 2nd coordinate figure, obtain from above-mentioned robot coordinate system to the coordinate transform means of above-mentioned mechanical coordinate system.
2. coordinated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that,
Above-mentioned correction mark installment in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe,
Above-mentioned first mark coordinate obtaining section, respectively in multiple positions in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe, obtains multiple above-mentioned correction the first coordinate figure being marked in above-mentioned mechanical coordinate system,
Above-mentioned 2nd mark coordinate obtaining section is respectively in multiple positions in the movable portion of above-mentioned lathe, by taking above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera, obtain multiple above-mentioned correction the 2nd coordinate figure being marked in the robot coordinate system set by above-mentioned robot.
3. coordinated system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that,
Automatically above-mentioned robot is controlled, so that the relative position relation of above-mentioned pick up camera and above-mentioned correction mark becomes the relation of the position that can measure above-mentioned correction mark with above-mentioned pick up camera.
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