CN105698858A - Bending direction judging optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring curvature and temperature - Google Patents
Bending direction judging optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring curvature and temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN105698858A CN105698858A CN201610079067.8A CN201610079067A CN105698858A CN 105698858 A CN105698858 A CN 105698858A CN 201610079067 A CN201610079067 A CN 201610079067A CN 105698858 A CN105698858 A CN 105698858A
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a bending direction judging optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring curvature and temperature. The sensor comprises a broadband light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a first welding point, a first thin core optical fiber, a thin core long-period optical fiber grating, a second thin core optical fiber, a second welding point, a second single-mode optical fiber and a spectrometer, wherein the broadband light source is connected with the first single-mode optical fiber, and a connecting point of the first single-mode optical fiber and the first thin core optical fiber forms the first welding point; an on-line Mach-Zehnder interference structure is formed via connection of the first welding point, the first thin core optical fiber and the thin core long-period optical fiber grating; cascade connection of the on-line Mach-Zehnder interference structure and the thin core long-period optical fiber grating is realized; a connection point of the second thin core optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber forms the second welding point; the second thin core optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber and the spectrometer are connected in order; optical spectra obtained from the spectrometer are subjected to wavelength demodulation and strength demodulation, thus a bending direction can be judged, and the curvature and the temperature can be simultaneously measured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical fiber curvature and technical field of temperature measurement, concrete, relate to the curvature in a kind of differentiated direction based on the online thin core LPFG of Mach Zehnder interference structure cascade and the Fibre Optical Sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring。
Background technology
Optical fiber curvature and temperature survey accurately is highly important in engineer applied system。Optical fiber curvature and temperature sensor mainly detect the change of ambient temperature, the fibre-optical bending that pressure causes；Compared with common electric transducer, Fibre Optical Sensor can in order to avoid electromagnetic interference, and corrosion resistance is strong, easily manufactures, low cost, responds fast and significantly high detectivity。
In order to meet the engineer applied field demand to curvature and temperature high-acruracy survey, fiber optic temperature-curvature measurement has been carried out substantial amounts of research by domestic and international research worker。In fiber optic temperature-flexural measurement, propose the measuring method of multiple fibre optic interferometer cascaded optical fiber device: based on optical fiber mach pool moral (Mach-Zehnder, MZ) interference structure cascade bragg grating (FiberBraggGrating, FBG) fiber optic temperature-bend sensor, it is achieved that 52pm/ DEG C and-164pm/m-1Temperature and curvature sensitivity measure；Based on Mach Zehnder interference structure cascade-connection long period fiber grating (LongPeriodGrating, LPG), it is achieved that 12pm/ DEG C and-12.55nm/m-1Relatively low temperature and curvature sensitivity measure。But, these fiber optic temperatures and curvature sensor structure mostly adopt the mode that single wavelength demodulates, if measured simultaneously, necessarily bring the crosstalk produced between surveyed parameter, cause that surveyed sensitivity degree of accuracy is not high；Additionally, above-mentioned cascade structure all adopt be separate optical device, be not the optical device of single integral form, and manufacturing process often also exist bigger link loss。Single device testing temperature or bending, mainly determined by optical fiber thermo-optical coeffecient inherently and elasto-optical coefficient, sensitivity is determined substantially, limits the factor of enhanced sensitivity compared to the structure of special handling and inscription, can not realize more high-sensitive measurement。The optical device of these single separation uniformly draws simultaneously and forms, and the circularly symmetric property of index distribution does not have directivity。Therefore, current existing measuring method can not meet the high-precision requirement simultaneously measured, and measures the problems such as sensitivity is relatively low；It addition, can not differentiate that bending direction is also the key factor limiting its development。
Summary of the invention
Disadvantages described above and Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides the Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature of a kind of differentiated bending direction based on the optical fiber thin core LPFG of online Mach Zehnder interferometer cascade and temperature simultaneously measuring, its object is to constitute online Mach Zehnder interferometer and carefully core LPFG and the cascade on same thin-core fibers of online Mach Zehnder interferometer by single-mode fiber, thin-core fibers and thin core LPFG；The loss peak of the interference spectrum and thin core LPFG that realize online Mach Zehnder interferometer by cascade superposes to measure the change of ambient temperature, the bending of optical fiber and bending direction simultaneously。
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature of a kind of differentiated bending direction based on the optical fiber thin core LPFG of online Mach Zehnder interferometer cascade and temperature simultaneously measuring, including wideband light source, the first single-mode fiber, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG, the second thin-core fibers, the second fusion point, the second single-mode fiber and spectrogrph；
Wherein, the two ends of the first single-mode fiber are connected respectively at the outfan of wideband light source and the first end of the first thin-core fibers；Second end of the first single-mode fiber connects the first end of thin core LPFG；Second end of thin core LPFG connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers；Second end of the second thin-core fibers connects the first end of the second single-mode fiber；Second end of the second single-mode fiber is connected with the input of spectrogrph；
Wherein, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG the first end constitute online Mach Zehnder structure in order；Wideband light source, spectrogrph and online Mach Zehnder structure constitute Mach Zehnder interferometer；Wherein, thin core LPFG and online Mach Zehnder structure realize cascade on same thin-core fibers, and the loss peak of the interference spectrum and thin core LPFG that realize online Mach Zehnder interferometer by cascade superposes to measure the change of ambient temperature, the bending of optical fiber and bending direction simultaneously。
First single-mode fiber and the first thin-core fibers adopt core welding pattern；This purpose to core welding mode is adopted to be in that to excite the cladding mode in the first thin-core fibers；So that there is the transmission of cladding mode and core mode in the first thin-core fibers simultaneously; transmission is to thin core LPFG place; thin core LPFG can realize intercoupling of cladding mode and core mode, thus the core mode of transmission and cladding mode can produce at thin core LPFG place to interfere in the first thin-core fibers。
The different loss peaks of thin core LPFG are the results owing to core mode in described grating couples from different cladding modes, adopt the thin core LPFG of unilateral unsymmetric structure can demonstrate two loss peaks in the same window of spectrogrph；The interference spectrum that the online Mach Zehnder structure of two loss peak cascades produced produces, thus demonstrating four simultaneous spectrum of resonance peak on spectrogrph。
During for fiber optic temperature and curvature measurement, by middle to window of four resonance wavelength position adjustments producing on spectrogrph；When ambient temperature changes, it is possible to measured the sensitivity of temperature by the change in location of spectrally resonance wavelength；Similarly, when ambient pressure or stress act on described Fibre Optical Sensor, it is possible to demodulate the level of sensitivity of fibre-optical bending by the Strength Changes of other resonance wavelengths on spectrogrph；When fibre-optical bending direction difference, it is possible to judged the bending direction of optical fiber by the inverse variation of two resonance wavelength intensity of thin core LPFG generation。
Preferably, described fibre-optical bending is measured and is also included the first fixture and the second fixture, described first fixture and described second fixture fixed clamp are on described Fibre Optical Sensor, described Fibre Optical Sensor is partially in, between described first fixture and described second fixture, the state freely stretched, the position of described first fixture is fixed, and described second fixture can move。The degree of accuracy that curvature regulates can be controlled 10 by the method-6Magnitude, greatly improves dynamic range and the resolution of curvature measurement。
Preferably, the length of described first thin-core fibers takes 3～8cm, the length of the first thin-core fibers determines online Mach Zehnder structure and produces the free broad spectral range of interference spectrum, take the interference length of 3～8cm, make the bandwidth of the Mach Zehnder interference spectrum resonance wavelength the formed bandwidth with thin core LPFG loss peak at the same order of magnitude, be conducive to multi parameter simultaneous measuring and demodulation。
Preferably, the cladding diameter of described first thin-core fibers and the second thin-core fibers takes 70～100 μm, this diameter range is effectively reduced the cladding mode quantity excited when single-mode fiber does not mate with thin-core fibers mould field, the interference of a large amount of cladding mode and core mode will not be caused, thus optimizing the uniformity of online Mach Zehnder interference spectrum。
Preferably, the core diameter of described first thin-core fibers and the second thin-core fibers takes 2～8 μm, within the scope of this core diameter, due to core mode field adaptation effect, the core mode of single-mode fiber can be partly coupled in the fibre core of thin-core fibers, remainder coupled to covering, provides prerequisite for producing the interference of online Mach Zehnder。
Preferably, the length of described thin core LPFG takes 2～8cm, and the resonance wavelength of thin core LPFG can effectively be controlled within the scope of the low loss window of 1450nm～1650nm by this length, can effectively reduce the loss in fiber-optic transfer process。
Preferably, described thin core LPFG is unilateral unsymmetric structure grating, and this unsymmetric structure while curvature measurement, can judge the bending direction of optical fiber accurately according to the positive and negative values of surveyed curvature。
Preferably, the length of described second thin-core fibers takes 15～40cm, cladding mode in second thin-core fibers can effectively all be lost by this length, it is to avoid goes out to form second online Mach Zehnder structure at the second end thin-core fibers, it is ensured that the high-contrast of cascade structure spectrum。
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, have the advantages that
(1) Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature differentiating direction provided by the invention and temperature simultaneously measuring, the interference spectrum adopting online Mach Zehnder interferometer structure cascade thin core LPFG superposition can produce multiple resonance wavelength, different resonance wavelengths are different with the sensitivity of curvature to temperature, measure thus realizing many physical parameters simultaneously。
(2) thin core LPFG provided by the invention is unilateral non-to becoming structure fringe, and for the bending of different directions, the different loss peaks on superposition interference spectrum there will be the inverse variation of intensity, thus judging the direction of fibre-optical bending。
(3) Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature differentiating direction provided by the invention and temperature simultaneously measuring, adopts single online structure measurement, compares the traditional fibre optic interferometer simple in construction needing bonder to constitute, cheap, the advantage that is easily integrated。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the optical fibre sensor structure schematic diagram of the curvature of the differentiated bending direction of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and temperature simultaneously measuring；
Fig. 2 is thin-core fibers and single-mode fiber welding schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1。
In all of the figs, identical accompanying drawing labelling is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein: 1-wideband light source, 2-the first single-mode fiber, 3-the first fusion point, 4-the first thin-core fibers, the thin core LPFG of 5-, 6-the second thin-core fibers, 7-the second fusion point, 8-the second single-mode fiber, 9-spectrogrph。
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated。Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention。As long as just can be mutually combined additionally, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below does not constitute conflict each other。
The Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature differentiating bending direction provided by the invention and temperature simultaneously measuring, including wideband light source, the first single-mode fiber, the first fusion point, the first thin-core fibers, thin core LPFG, the second thin-core fibers, the second fusion point, the second single-mode fiber and spectrogrph；
Wherein, the two ends of the first single-mode fiber are connected respectively at the outfan of wideband light source and the first end of the first thin-core fibers；Second end of the first single-mode fiber connects the first end of thin core LPFG；Second end of thin core LPFG connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers；Second end of the second thin-core fibers connects the first end of the second single-mode fiber；Second end of the second single-mode fiber is connected with the input of spectrogrph。
The curvature of differentiated bending direction provided below in conjunction with embodiment 1 and the Fibre Optical Sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring, be expanded on further the present invention；The curvature of the differentiated bending direction of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the optical fibre sensor structure of temperature simultaneously measuring are as it is shown in figure 1, include wideband light source the 1, first single-mode fiber the 2, first fusion point the 3, first thin-core fibers 4, thin core LPFG the 5, second thin-core fibers the 6, second fusion point the 7, second single-mode fiber 8 and spectrogrph 9；Wideband light source 1 connects the first port of the first single-mode fiber 2；Second port of the first single-mode fiber 2 and the first port of the first thin-core fibers 4 are connected；Second port of the first thin-core fibers 4 connects the first end of thin core LPFG 5；Second end of thin core LPFG 5 connects the first end of the second thin-core fibers 6；Second end of the second thin-core fibers 6 connects the first end of the second single-mode fiber 8；Second end of the second single-mode fiber 8 is connected with spectrogrph 9；
Specifically, in embodiment 1, the first thin-core fibers 4, thin core LPFG 5 and the second thin-core fibers 6 are on same thin-core fibers, and its fibre core diameter is 5.65 μm, and fibre cladding diameter is 80 μm；Second end of the second end of the first single-mode fiber 2 and the first end of the first thin-core fibers 4 and the second thin-core fibers 6 and the first end of the second single-mode fiber 8 adopt the mode of welding to connect, and utilize FC/APC fibre-optical splice to be docked by ring flange between the first end of the first single-mode fiber 2 with wideband light source 1 and the second end and the spectrogrph of the second single-mode fiber 8。
First single-mode fiber 2 and the first thin-core fibers 4 and the second thin-core fibers 6 and the second single-mode fiber adopt core welding pattern。
Below in conjunction with embodiment 1, the operation principle of the above-mentioned curvature differentiating bending direction and the Fibre Optical Sensor of temperature simultaneously measuring is illustrated。
The light that wideband light source 1 sends transmits to the first fusion point 3 via the first single-mode fiber 2；Owing to the first single-mode fiber 2 is different from the fibre core diameter of the first thin-core fibers 4, the unmatched phenomenon in mould field is there will be at the first fusion point place, cause that the segment core mould of transmission is leaked in the covering of the first thin-core fibers 4 in the first single-mode fiber 2, thus the cladding mode excited in the first thin-core fibers 4, in the first single-mode fiber 2, the core mode of remainder is then coupled in the fibre core of the first careful optical fiber 4 and continues onwards transmission；When core mode and cladding mode transmission to thin core LPFG 5, owing to thin core LPFG can realize intercoupling of core mode and covering intermode, thus produce to interfere at thin core LPFG 5 place's core mode and cladding mode；When optical signal is after meticulous core LPFG, as above-mentioned long-period gratings can realize intercoupling of core mode and covering intermode, cause that the pattern of transmission is still for core mode and cladding mode in the second thin-core fibers 6；Owing to cladding mode is in transmitting procedure, wearing off, when the length of the second thin-core fibers is more than 15cm, the cladding mode of its transmission can all lose；When optical signal arrives the second fusion point 7, the second thin-core fibers 6 only has the existence of core mode, it does not have the existence of cladding mode；Core mode in second thin-core fibers 6 is coupled directly in the second single-mode fiber 8, and last optical signal enters spectrogrph 9, it is observed that the spectrum that formed of thin core LPFG 5 and online Mach Zehnder folded structures on spectrogrph 9。
When ambient temperature changes, the second thin-core fibers 4 in described Fibre Optical Sensor and in thin core LPFG 5 core mode of transmission and the refractivity of cladding mode can produce small change, thus the resonance wavelength of derivative spectomstry instrument 9 polishing wax can produce drift phenomenon, by the mode of Wavelength demodulation, it can be deduced that the temperature control of this sensing device。
When ambient pressure or stress act on described Fibre Optical Sensor; it is aobvious little that the cycle of thin core LPFG 5 can become greatly along with pressure or stress appearance or diminish; cladding mode in thin core LPFG 5 can leak out to different directions; cause that optical fiber stiffness of coupling reduces; the Strength Changes of other resonance wavelengths can be observed, thus demodulating the level of sensitivity of fibre-optical bending on spectrogrph 9；When fibre-optical bending direction difference, it is possible to differentiated the bending direction of optical fiber by the inverse variation of two resonance wavelength intensity of thin core LPFG generation。
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (10)
1. the Fibre Optical Sensor of the curvature that can differentiate bending direction and temperature simultaneously measuring, it is characterized in that, including wideband light source (1), the first single-mode fiber (2), the first thin-core fibers (4), thin core LPFG (5), the second thin-core fibers (6) and the second single-mode fiber (8)；
First end of described first single-mode fiber (2) connects the outfan of described wideband light source (1)；Second end of described first single-mode fiber (2) connects the first end of described first thin-core fibers (4), and the link of described first single-mode fiber (2) and described first thin-core fibers (4) is as the first fusion point (3)；
Described thin core LPFG (5) is connected between the second end and first end of described second thin-core fibers (6) of described first thin-core fibers (4)；Second end of described second thin-core fibers (6) connects the first end of described second single-mode fiber (8), and the connecting tube of described second thin-core fibers (6) and described second single-mode fiber (8) is as the second fusion point (7)；
First end of described first fusion point (3), described first thin-core fibers (4) and described thin core LPFG (5) has sequentially formed online Mach Zehnder interference structure；Thin core LPFG (5) and described online Mach Zehnder interference structure achieve cascade；The loss peak of the interference spectrum and thin core LPFG that realize online Mach Zehnder interference structure by cascade superposes to form the resonance peak of different wave length, and then measures while can carrying out many physical parameters。
2. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Fibre Optical Sensor also includes spectrogrph (9), and the input of spectrogrph (9) is connected to the second end of the second single-mode fiber (8)；Described spectrogrph (9) is for showing the spectrum of the described online thin core LPFG of Mach Zehnder interference structure cascade。
3. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that, the two port core welding of the first end of described first thin-core fibers (4) and described first single-mode fiber (2), and the length of described first thin-core fibers is 3cm～8cm。
4. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the fibre core of described first thin-core fibers (4), described thin core LPFG (5) and described second thin-core fibers (6) and cladding diameter are respectively less than fibre core and the covering of general single mode fiber。
5. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the fibre cladding diameter of described first thin-core fibers (4) and described second thin-core fibers (6) is 70 μm～100 μm。
6. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 5, it is characterised in that the fibre core diameter of described first thin-core fibers (4) and described second thin-core fibers (6) is 2 μm～8 μm。
7. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that the length of described second thin-core fibers is 15cm～40cm。
8. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that the length of described thin core LPFG (5) is 2cm～8cm。
9. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that described thin core LPFG (5) is unilateral unsymmetric structure grating。
10. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Fibre Optical Sensor also includes the first fixture and the second fixture, described first fixture and described second fixture fixed clamp are on described Fibre Optical Sensor, described Fibre Optical Sensor is partially in, between described first fixture and described second fixture, the state freely stretched, the position of described first fixture is fixed, and described second fixture can move。
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| CN109060169A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 厦门大学 | A kind of pyrostat based on thin fiber |
| CN109855555A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-06-07 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of optical fibre bending sensor of achievable axial strain compensation |
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| CN114562953A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 北京邮电大学 | Bending measurement structure, experimental instrument and sensor of asymmetric double-core optical fiber |
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| CN106767488A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-31 | 北京信息科技大学 | Temperature and strain testing method based on LPFG and thin-core fibers |
| CN106802190A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-06 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of highly sensitive optic fibre turning sensor without Temperature cross-over interference |
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| CN109060169A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 厦门大学 | A kind of pyrostat based on thin fiber |
| CN109855555A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-06-07 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of optical fibre bending sensor of achievable axial strain compensation |
| CN110686865A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-14 | 南昌航空大学 | Optical fiber fusion splicing structure based on OCT technology and loss cloud detection system |
| CN113156573A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-23 | 江苏大学 | Orthogonal long-period fiber grating and application thereof in sensing bending |
| CN113156573B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-02-17 | 江苏大学 | Orthogonal long-period fiber grating and application thereof in sensing bending |
| CN114562953A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-31 | 北京邮电大学 | Bending measurement structure, experimental instrument and sensor of asymmetric double-core optical fiber |
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