CN105702248A - 在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义 - Google Patents

在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义 Download PDF

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CN105702248A
CN105702248A CN201510855408.1A CN201510855408A CN105702248A CN 105702248 A CN105702248 A CN 105702248A CN 201510855408 A CN201510855408 A CN 201510855408A CN 105702248 A CN105702248 A CN 105702248A
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homograph
speech
gram
orthoepy
pronunciation
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CN105702248B (zh
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C·亨顿
D·奈克
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Apple Inc
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Apple Computer Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G10L13/02Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers
    • G10L13/04Details of speech synthesis systems, e.g. synthesiser structure or memory management
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G10L13/08Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10LSPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/225Feedback of the input speech

Abstract

本发明公开了在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义。提供了用于在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义的系统和处理。在一种示例性处理中,可以接收来自用户的包含同形异音词的话音输入。可以利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定对应于用户在话音输入中所发音的同形异音词的音素串。可以基于所述音素串或者利用自动话音辨识系统的n元语法语言模型的至少其中之一来确定同形异音词的正确发音。可以生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应可以包括同形异音词。可以输出对话响应以作为话音输出。可以根据所述正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。

Description

在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年12月9日提交的标题为“DisambiguatingHeteronymsinSpeechSynthesis(在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义)”的美国临时专利申请No.62/089,464以及2014年12月12日提交的标题为“DisambiguatingHeteronymsinSpeechSynthesis(在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义)”的美国非临时专利申请No.14/569,517的优先权,通过引用的方式并入所述申请。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及数字助理,更具体来说涉及在话音合成中消除同形异音词(heteronym)的歧义。
背景技术
智能自动化助理(或数字助理)可以提供人类用户与电子设备之间的有益的接口。这样的助理可以允许用户利用口头和/或文本形式的自然语言与设备或系统进行交互。举例来说,用户可以向与电子设备相关联的数字助理提供话音输入。数字助理可以从话音输入中解释用户的意图,并且将用户的意图实施到任务中。随后可以通过执行电子设备的一项或多项服务来实施所述任务,并且可以通过自然语言形式向用户返回相关的话音输出。
由数字助理生成的话音输出有时可能会包含同形异音词。同形异音词可能是拼写完全相同但是具有不同的发音和含义的两个或更多单词当中的每一个。举例来说,用户可以向数字助理提供话音输入以请求法国Nice的天气。数字助理可以返回相关的话音输出,比如“HereistheweatherinNice,France(以下是法国Nice的天气)”。在该例中,话音输出包含同形异音词“nice”,其可能具有作为正确的名词的一种发音以及作为形容词的不同发音。在传统上,数字助理可能难以消除同形异音词的歧义,因此包含同形异音词的话音输出可能常常被错误地发音。这可能会导致与数字助理进行交互时的较差用户体验。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义的系统和处理。在一种示例性处理中,可以接收来自用户的话音输入。话音输入可能包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加的单词。可以利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定以下各项的至少其中之一:对应于用户在话音输入中所发音的同形异音词的音素串(phonemicstring),以及n元语法(n-gram)关于语料库的出现频率。所述n元语法可以包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词,并且n元语法中的同形异音词可以与第一发音相关联。同形异音词的正确发音可以是基于所述音素串和n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一。可以生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应可以包括同形异音词。可以输出对话响应以作为话音输出。可以根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
附图说明
图1示出了根据各个实例的用于实施数字助理的系统和环境。
图2示出了根据各个实例的实施数字助理的客户端侧部分的用户设备。
图3A示出了根据各个实例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分。
图3B示出了根据各个实例的图3A中示出的数字助理的功能。
图3C示出了根据各个实例的本体(ontology)的一部分。
图4示出了根据各个实例的用于操作数字助理的处理。
图5示出了根据各个实例的电子设备的功能方框图。
具体实施方式
在后面对于实例的描述中将参照附图,其中通过说明的方式示出了可以被实践的具体实例。应当理解的是,可以使用其他实例,并且在不背离各个实例的范围的情况下可以作出结构方面的改变。
本发明提供了用于在话音合成中消除同形异音词的歧义的系统和处理。在一种示例性处理中,可以接收来自用户的包合同形异音词的话音输入。可以接收与话音输入相关联的情境数据。可以利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定对应于话音输入的文本串。基于所述文本串,可以利用自然语言处理器来确定可行动意图(actionableintent)。可以生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中对话响应可以包括同形异音词。可以利用自动话音辨识系统的n元语法语言模型或者基于话音输入、可行动意图和情境数据的至少其中之一来确定同形异音词的正确发音。可以输出对话响应以作为话音输出,并且可以根据正确发音在话音输出中发音同形异音词。
通过利用话音输入、n元语法语言模型、可行动意图和情境数据的至少其中之一作为用于消除同形异音词的歧义的知识来源,可以更加准确地合成话音输出中的同形异音词的发音,从而改进用户体验。此外,通过利用自动话音辨识系统和自然语言处理器来消除同形异音词的歧义,可以不再需要出于相同的目的在话音合成器中实施附加的资源。举例来说,不需要在话音合成器中实施附加的语言模型来消除同形异音词的歧义。这样就允许数字助理以更高的效率和更少的资源进行操作。
1、系统和环境
图1示出了根据各个实例的系统100的方框图。在一些实例中,系统100可以实施数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”可以指代任何信息处理系统,其解释口头和/或文本形式的自然语言输入以推断出用户意图,并且基于所推断出的用户意图来采取行动。举例来说,为了针对所推断出的用户意图采取行动,所述系统可以实施以下各项当中的一项或多项:识别具有被设计成实现所推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数的任务流程,把来自所推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流程中;通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等等来执行任务流程;以及通过可听(例如话音)和/或视觉形式生成针对用户的输出响应。
具体来说,数字助理可以能够至少部分地以自然语言命令、请求、陈述、叙述和/或询问的形式接受用户请求。通常来说,用户请求可以寻求信息答复或者由数字助理实施任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应可以是提供所请求的信息答复,实施所请求的任务,或者二者的组合。举例来说,用户可以向数字助理提出问题,比如“WhereamIrightnow?(我现在在哪里?)”。基于用户的当前位置,数字助理可以答复“youareinCentralParknearthewestgate(您处在西门附近的中央公园中)”。用户还可以请求实施任务,例如“Pleaseinvitemyfriendstomygirlfriend’sbirthdaypartynextweek(邀请我的朋友参加下周我女朋友的生日聚会)”。作为响应,数字助理可以通过说出“Yes,rightaway(好的,马上)”来确认请求,并且随后代表用户向在用户的电子地址簿中列出的该用户的每一位朋友发出适当的日历邀请。在实施所请求的任务的过程中,数字助理有时可以在较长的一段时间内在涉及多次信息交换的连续对话中与用户进行交互。可以通过许多其他方式与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或实施各种任务。除了提供言语响应和采取已编程的行动之外,数字助理还可以通过其他视觉或音频形式来提供响应,例如文本、提醒、音乐、视频、动画等等。
如图1中所示,在一些实例中,数字助理可以根据客户端-服务器模型来实施。数字助理可以包括执行在用户设备104a、104b上的客户端侧部分102a、102b(在后文中称作“DA客户端102”),以及执行在服务器系统108上的服务器侧部分106(在后文中称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102可以通过一个或多个网络110与DA服务器106进行通信。DA客户端102可以提供客户端侧功能,比如面向用户的输入和输出处理以及与DA服务器106的通信。DA服务器106可以为分别驻留在对应的用户设备104上的任意数目的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能。
在一些实例中,DA服务器106可以包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据和模型116以及去到外部服务118的I/O接口。所述面向客户端的I/O接口可以促进用于数字助理服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。所述一个或多个处理模块114可以利用数据和模型116来处理话音输入,并且基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。此外,所述一个或多个处理模块114基于所推断出的用户意图实施任务执行。在一些实例中,DA服务器106可以通过(多个)网络110与外部服务120进行通信以用于任务完成或信息获取。去到外部服务118的I/O接口可以促进这样的通信。
用户设备104的实例可以包括而不限于手持式计算机、个人数字助理(PDA)、平板计算机、膝上型计算机、台式计算机、蜂窝电话、智能电话、增强型通用分组无线电服务(EGPRS)移动电话、媒体播放器、导航设备、游戏主机、电视、电视机顶盒、遥控器、可穿戴电子设备或者这些数据处理设备或其他数据处理设备当中的任何两项或更多项的组合。参照图2中示出的示例性用户设备104提供了关于用户设备104的更多细节。
(多个)通信网络110的实例可以包括局域网(LAN)以及例如因特网之类的广域网(WAN)。(多个)通信网络110可以利用任何已知的网络协议来实施,其中包括各种有线或无线协议,比如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、FIREWIRE、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、Bluetooth、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX或者任何其他适当的通信协议。
服务器系统108可以被实施在一个或多个独立的数据处理装置上或者被实施在分布式计算机网络上。在一些实例中,服务器系统108还可以采用各种虚拟设备和/或第三方服务提供商(例如第三方云端服务提供商)的服务,以便提供服务器系统108的底层计算资源和/或基础设施资源。
虽然图1中示出的数字助理可以包括客户端侧部分(例如DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如DA服务器106)全部二者,因此在一些实例中,数字助理的功能可以被实施成安装在用户设备上的独立应用。此外,数字助理的客户端与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的实现方式中可以有所不同。举例来说,在一些实例中,DA客户端可以是仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能的瘦客户端,并且将数字助理的所有其他功能委托到后端服务器。
2、用户设备
图2示出了根据各个实例的用户设备104的方框图。用户设备104可以包括存储器接口202、一个或多个处理器204以及外设接口206。用户设备104中的各种组件可以通过一条或多条通信总线或者信号线路耦合。用户设备104可以包括耦合到外设接口206的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备。所述传感器、子系统和外围设备可以收集信息和/或促进用户设备104的各种功能。
举例来说,运动传感器210、光传感器212和邻近传感器214可以耦合到外设接口206以促进指向、光和邻近感测功能。一个或多个其他传感器216(比如定位系统(例如GPS接收器)、温度传感器、生物测定传感器、陀螺仪、罗盘、加速度计等等)还可以连接到外设接口206以促进有关的功能。
在一些实例中,摄影机子系统220和光学传感器222可以被利用来促进摄影机功能,比如拍摄照片和记录视频剪辑。可以通过一个或多个有线和/或无线通信子系统224来促进通信功能,其可以包括各种通信端口、射频接收器和传送器以及/或者光学(例如红外)接收器和传送器。音频子系统226可以耦合到扬声器228和麦克风230,以便促进具有语音能力的功能,比如语音辨识、语音复制、数字记录以及电话功能。麦克风230可以被配置成接收来自用户的话音输入。
在一些实例中,I/O子系统240也可以耦合到外设接口206。I/O子系统240可以包括触摸屏控制器242和/或(多个)其他输入控制器244。触摸屏控制器242可以耦合到触摸屏246。触摸屏246和触摸屏控制器242例如可以利用多种触敏技术当中的任一种来检测其接触和移动或破裂,比如电容性、电阻性、红外、表面声波技术、邻近传感器阵列等等。所述(多个)其他输入控制器244可以耦合到其他输入/控制设备248,比如一个或多个按钮、摇臂开关、拇指转轮、红外端口、USB端口以及/或者例如触笔之类的指示器设备。
在一些实例中,存储器接口202可以耦合到存储器250。存储器250可以包括任何电子、磁性、光学、电磁、红外或半导体系统、装置或设备,便携式计算机磁盘(磁性),随机存取存储器(RAM)(磁性)、只读存储器(ROM)(磁性),可擦写可编程只读存储器(EPROM)(磁性),例如CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD、DVD-R或DVD-RW之类的便携式光盘,或者例如紧致闪存卡、安全数字卡、USB存储器设备、记忆棒之类的闪存等等。在一些实例中,存储器250的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质可以被用来存储指令(其例如用于实施后面描述的处理400)以便由指令执行系统、装置或设备使用或者与之相结合来使用,比如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或者可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并且执行所述指令的其他系统。在其他实例中,所述指令(其例如用于实施后面描述的处理400)可以被存储在服务器系统108的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上,或者可以被划分在存储器250的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统110的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质之间。在本文献的上下文中,“非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质”可以是能够包含或存储程序以便由指令执行系统、装置或设备使用或者与之相结合来使用的任何介质。
在一些实例中,存储器250可以存储操作系统252、通信模块254、用户接口模块256、传感器处理模块258、电话模块260以及应用262。操作系统252可以包括用于应对基本系统服务以及用于实施依赖于硬件的任务的指令。通信模块254可以促进与一个或多个附加设备、一台或多台计算机以及/或一台或多台服务器进行通信。用户接口模块256可以促进图形用户接口处理以及使用其他输出通道(例如扬声器)的输出处理。传感器处理模块258可以促进与传感器有关的处理和功能。电话模块260可以促进与电话有关的处理和功能。应用模块262可以促进用户应用的各种功能,比如电子消息传送、web浏览、媒体处理、导航、成像以及/或者其他处理和功能。
正如这里所描述的那样,存储器250还可以存储客户端侧数字助理指令(例如存储在数字助理客户端模块264中)以及各种用户数据266(例如特定于用户的词汇表数据、优选项数据以及/或者其他数据,比如用户的电子地址簿、待办事项清单、购物清单、用户指定的姓名发音等等),以便提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。
在各个实例中,数字助理客户端模块264可以能够通过用户设备104的各种用户接口(例如I/O子系统244)接受语音输入(例如话音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块264还可以能够以音频(例如话音输出)、视觉和/或触觉形式提供输出。举例来说,可以作为语音、声音、提醒、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动以及/或者前述各项当中的两项或更多项的组合来提供输出。在操作期间,数字助理客户端模块264可以利用通信子系统224与数字助理服务器106进行通信。
在一些实例中,数字助理客户端模块264可以利用各种传感器、子系统和外围设备从用户设备104的周围环境收集附加的信息,以便建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的情境。在一些实例中,数字助理客户端模块264可以把情境信息或其一个子集与用户输入一起提供到数字助理服务器,以便帮助推断出用户的意图。在一些实例中,数字助理还可以使用情境信息来确定如何准备以及向用户递送输出。情境信息可以被称作情境数据。
在一些实例中,伴随用户输入的情境信息可以包括传感器信息,例如照明、周围环境噪声、周围环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等等。在一些实例中,情境信息还可以包括设备的物理状态,例如设备指向、设备位置、设备温度、功率水平、速度、加速度、运动式样、蜂窝信号强度等等。在一些实例中,可以向数字助理服务器提供与数字助理服务器106和用户设备104的软件状态有关的信息以作为与用户输入相关联的情境信息,例如运行中的进程、所安装的程序、过去的和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误目志、资源使用等等。
在一些实例中,DA客户端模块264可以响应于来自数字助理服务器的请求选择性地提供存储在用户设备104上的信息(例如用户数据266)。在一些实例中,数字助理客户端模块264还可以在数字助理服务器106的请求下通过自然语言对话或其他用户接口引出来自用户的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块264可以把所述附加输入传递到数字助理服务器106,以便帮助数字助理服务器106对于在用户请求中表达的用户意图进行意图推断和/或实现用户的意图。
在各个实例中,存储器250可以包括附加的指令或者更少的指令。举例来说,DA客户端模块264可以包括后面在图3A中描述的数字助理模块326的任何子模块。此外,用户设备104的各种功能可以通过硬件和/或通过固件来实施,其中包括通过一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路来实施。
3、数字助理系统
图3A示出了根据各个实例的示例性数字助理系统300的方框图。在一些实例中,数字助理系统300可以被实施在独立的计算机系统上。在一些实例中,数字助理系统300可以被分布在多台计算机之间。在一些实例中,数字助理的其中一些模块和功能可以被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分,其中客户端部分驻留在用户设备(例如用户设备104)上,并且通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如服务器系统108)进行通信,正如图1中所示出的那样。在一些实例中,数字助理系统300可以是图1中示出的服务器系统108(和/或数字助理服务器106)的一种实现方式。应当提到的是,数字助理系统300仅仅是数字助理系统的一个实例,并且数字助理系统300可以具有比所示出的更多或更少的组件,可以组合两个或更多组件,或者可以具有不同的组件配置或设置。图3A中示出的各种组件可以通过以下方式来实施:硬件,用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令,固件,其中包括一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路,或者其某种组合。
数字助理系统300可以包括存储器302、一个或多个处理器304、输入/输出(I/O)接口306以及网络通信接口308。这些组件可以通过一条或多条总线或者信号线路310彼此通信。
在一些实例中,存储器302可以包括非瞬时性计算机可读介质,比如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存设备或者其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些实例中,I/O接口306可以把数字助理系统300的输入/输出设备316(比如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风)耦合到用户接口模块322。I/O接口306与用户接口模块322相结合可以接收用户输入(例如语音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等等)并且相应地对其进行处理。在一些实例中,例如当数字助理被实施在独立的用户设备上时,数字助理系统300可以包括关于图2中的用户设备104所描述的任何组件以及I/O和通信接口。在一些实例中,数字助理系统300可以代表数字助理实现方式的服务器部分,并且可以通过驻留在用户设备(例如图2中示出的用户设备104)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些实例中,网络通信接口308可以包括(多个)有线通信端口312以及/或者无线传送和接收电路314。所述(多个)有线通信端口可以通过一个或多个有线接口来接收和发送通信信号,比如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、FIREWIRE等等。无线电路314可以从/向通信网络和其他通信设备接收和发送RF信号和/或光学信号。无线通信可以使用多种通信标准、协议和技术当中的任一种,比如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、Bluetooth、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX或者任何其他适当的通信协议。网络通信接口308可以允许数字助理系统300与网络和其他设备之间的通信,所述网络比如有因特网、内联网和/或无线网络,所述无线网络比如有蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)。
在一些实例中,存储器302或者存储器302的计算机可读存储介质可以存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构,其中包括所有以下各项或者其中的一个子集:操作系统318,通信模块320,用户接口模块322,一个或多个应用324,以及数字助理模块326。具体来说,存储器302或存储器302的计算机可读存储介质可以存储用于实施后面描述的处理400的指令。所述一个或多个处理器304可以执行这些程序、模块和指令,并且从/向数据结构读取/写入数据。
操作系统318(例如Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OSX、WINDOWS或者例如VxWorks之类的嵌入式操作系统)可以包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如存储器管理、存储设备控制、电力管理等等)的各种软件组件和/或驱动程序,并且促进各种硬件、固件和软件组件之间的通信。
通信模块320可以促进数字助理系统300通过网络通信接口308与其他设备之间的通信。举例来说,通信模块320可以与图2中示出的用户设备104的通信模块254通信。通信模块320还可以包括用于应对通过无线电路314和/或有线通信端口312接收到的数据的各种组件。
用户接口模块322可以通过I/O接口306接收来自用户的命令和/或输入(例如来自键盘、触摸屏、指示设备、控制器和/或麦克风),并且在显示器上生成用户接口对象。用户接口模块322还可以通过I/O接口306(例如通过显示器、音频通道,扬声器、触摸板等等)向用户准备和递送输出(例如话音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光等等)。
应用324可以包括被配置成由一个或多个处理器304执行的程序和/或模块。举例来说,如果数字助理系统被实施在独立的用户设备上,则应用324可以包括用户应用,比如游戏、日历应用、导航应用或者电子邮件应用。如果数字助理系统300被实施在服务器集群上,则应用324例如可以包括资源管理应用、诊断应用或者日程安排应用。
存储器302还可以存储数字助理模块(或者数字助理的服务器部分)326。在一些实例中,数字助理模块326可以包括以下子模块或者其中的一个子集或超集:输入/输出处理模块328,话音到文本(STT)处理模块330,自然语言处理模块332,对话流程处理模块334,任务流程处理模块336,服务处理模块338,以及话音合成模块340。这些模块当中的每一个可以访问数字助理326的以下系统或者数据和模型当中的一项或多项或者其中的一个子集或超集:本体360,词汇表索引344,用户数据348,任务流程模型354,服务模型356,ASR系统,以及发音系统342。
在一些实例中,利用实施在数字助理模块326中的处理模块、数据和模型,数字助理可以实施以下各项当中的至少一部分:将话音输入转换成文本;识别出在接收自用户的自然语言输入中所表达的用户意图;主动引出或者获得完全推断出用户的意图所需要的信息(例如通过消除单词、游戏、意向等等的歧义);确定用于实现所推断出的意图的任务流程;以及执行所述任务流程以实现所推断出的意图。
在一些实例中,如图3B中所示,I/O处理模块328可以通过图3A中的I/O设备316与用户进行交互或者通过图3A中的网络通信接口308与用户设备(例如图1中的用户设备104)进行交互,以便获得用户输入(例如话音输入)并且提供针对用户输入的响应(例如作为话音输出)。I/O处理模块328可以可选地在接收用户输入的同时或者在其后不久从用户设备获得与用户输入相关联的情境信息。情境信息可以包括特定于用户的数据、词汇表以及/或者与用户输入相关的优选项。在一些实例中,情境信息还包括在接收到用户请求时的设备(例如图1中的用户设备104)的软件和硬件状态,以及/或者与接收到用户请求时的用户的周围环境有关的信息。在一些实例中,I/O处理模块328还可以关于用户请求向用户发送后续问题以及接收答复。当用户请求由I/O处理模块328接收到并且用户请求可能包括话音输入时,I/O处理模块328可以把话音输入转发到STT处理模块330(或者话音辨识器)以用于话音到文本转换。
STT处理模块330可以包括一个或多个ASR系统。所述一个或多个ASR系统可以处理通过I/O处理模块328接收到的话音输入,从而产生辨识结果。每一个ASR系统可以包括前端话音预处理器。前端话音预处理器可以从话音输入中提取出代表性特征。举例来说,前端话音预处理器可以在话音输入上实施傅立叶变换,从而提取出把话音输入表征为代表性多维矢量的序列的频谱特征。此外,每一个ASR系统可以包括一个或多个话音辨识模型(例如声学模型和/或语言模型),并且可以实施一个或多个话音辨识引擎。话音辨识模型的实例可以包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深度神经网络模型、n元语法语言模型以及其他统计模型。话音辨识引擎的实例可以包括基于动态时间规整(dynamictimewarping)的引擎以及基于加权有限状态换能器(WFST)的引擎。所述一个或多个话音辨识模型以及一个或多个话音辨识引擎可以被用来处理前端话音预处理器的所提取出的代表性特征,从而产生中间辨识结果(例如音素、音素串和子词),并且最终产生文本辨识结果(例如单词、单词串或词条(token)序列)。在一些实例中,话音输入可以至少部分地由第三方服务或者在用户的设备(例如用户设备104)上处理,从而产生辨识结果。一旦STT处理模块330产生了包含文本串(例如单词、单词序列或词条序列)的辨识结果,就可以把辨识结果传递到自然语言处理模块332以用于意图推断。
在一些实例中,STT处理模块330可以包括和/或通过音标字母转换模块331访问可辨识单词的词汇表。每一个词汇表单词可以与表示在话音辨识音标字母中的所述单词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体来说,可辨识单词的词汇表可以包括与多个候选发音相关联的单词。举例来说,词汇表可以包括与候选发音相关联的单词“tomato(西红柿)”。此外,词汇表单词可以与基于来自用户的先前话音输入的定制候选发音相关联。这样的定制候选发音可以被存储在STT处理模块330中,并且可以通过设备上的用户简档与特定用户相关联。在一些实例中,可以基于单词的拼写以及一条或多条语言学和/或语音学规则来确定对应于单词的候选发音。在一些实例中,可以例如基于已知的规范发音来人工生成候选发音。
在一些实例中,可以基于候选发音的常见性来对候选发音进行排序。举例来说,候选发音的排序可以高于这是因为前者是更常被使用的发音(例如在所有用户当中,对于特定地理地区内的用户,或者对于任何其他适当的用户子集)。在一些实例中,可以基于候选发音是否与用户相关联的定制候选发音来对候选发音进行排序。举例来说,定制候选发音的排序可以高于规范候选发音。这对于辨识具有与规范发音存在偏差的特有发音的专有名词可能是有用的。在一些实例中,候选发音可以与例如地理来源、国籍或民族之类的一项或多项话音特性相关联。举例来说,候选发音可以与美国相关联,而候选发音则可以与英国相关联。此外,候选发音的排序可以是基于存储在设备上的用户简档中的一项或多项用户特性(例如地理来源、国籍、民族等等)。举例来说,可以从用户简档确定用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联,候选发音(其与美国相关联)的排序可以高于候选发音(其与英国相关联)。在一些实例中,可以把所排序的其中一个候选发音选择成预测发音(例如最有可能的发音)。
在接收到话音输入时,STT处理模块330可以被用来确定对应于话音输入的音素(例如利用声学模型),并且随后尝试确定与所述音素匹配的单词(例如利用语言模型)。举例来说,如果STT处理模块330可以识别出对应于话音输入的一部分的音素序列则其随后可以基于词汇表索引344确定该序列对应于单词“tomato”。
在一些实例中,STT处理模块330可以使用近似匹配技术来确定话语中的单词。因此,STT处理模块330例如可以确定音素序列 对应于单词“tomato”,即使该特定音素序列并不是对应于该单词的其中一个候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块332(“自然语言处理器”)可以取得由STT处理模块330生成的单词或词条的序列(“词条序列”),并且尝试把所述词条序列与数字助理所辨识出的一项或多项“可行动意图”。“可行动意图”可以代表可由数字助理实施的任务,并且可以具有实施在任务流程模型354中的相关联的任务流程。所述相关联的任务流程可以是由数字助理采取来实施所述任务的一系列已编程的行动和步骤。数字助理的能力的范围可以取决于已被实施并且存储在任务流程模型354中的任务流程的数目或种类,或者换句话说取决于数字助理辨识出的“可行动意图”的数目和种类。但是数字助理的有效性还可以取决于所述助理从表达在自然语言中的用户请求推断出正确的“(多项)可行动意图”的能力。
在一些实例中,除了从STT处理模块330获得的单词或词条的序列之外,自然语言处理模块332还可以例如从I/O处理模块328接收与用户请求相关联的情境信息。自然语言处理模块332可以可选地使用情境信息来澄清、补充和/或进一步定义包含在接收自STT处理模块330的词条序列中的信息。情境信息例如可以包括用户优选项,用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态,在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久所收集的传感器信息,数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如对话)等等。正如这里所描述的那样,情境信息可以是动态的,并且可以随着时间、位置、对话的内容以及其他因素而改变。
在一些实例中,自然语言处理可以例如是基于本体360。本体360可以是包含许多节点的分级结构,每一个节点代表一项“可行动意图”或“属性”,其对于其中一项或多项“可行动意图”或其他“属性”是相关的。正如前面所提到的那样,“可行动意图”可以代表数字助理能够实施的任务,也就是说其是“可行动的”或者可以被采取动作。“属性”可以代表与可行动意图或者另一项属性的一个子方面相关联的参数。本体360中的可行动意图节点与属性节点之间的关联可以定义由属性节点所代表的参数如何与由可行动意图节点所代表的任务有关。
在一些实例中,本体360可以由可行动意图节点和属性节点构成。在本体360内,每一个可行动意图节点可以直接关联到或者通过一个或多个中间属性节点关联到一个或多个属性节点。类似地,每一个属性节点可以直接关联到或者通过一个或多个中间属性节点关联到一个或多个可行动意图节点。举例来说,如图3C中所示,本体360可以包括“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”节点(即可行动意图节点)。属性节点(预订的)“restaurant(餐厅)”、“date/time(日期/时间)”和“partysize(人数)”可以分别直接关联到所述可行动意图节点(即“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”节点)。
此外,属性节点“cuisine(菜肴)”、“pricerange(价格范围)”、“phonenumber(电话号码)”和“location(位置)”可以是属性节点“restaurant(餐厅)”的子节点,并且可以分别通过中间属性节点“restaurant(餐厅)”关联到“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”节点(即可行动意图节点)。对于另一个实例,如图3C中所示,本体360可以包括“setreminder(设定提醒)”节点(即另一个可行动意图节点)。属性节点“date/time(日期/时间)”(对应于设定提醒)和“subject(主题)”(对应于提醒)可以分别关联到“setreminder(设定提醒)”节点。由于属性“date/time(日期/时间)”对于进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务都可能是相关的,因此属性节点“date/time(日期/时间)”在本体360中可以关联到“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”节点和“setreminder(设定提醒)”节点全部二者。
可行动意图节点连同其各个关联的概念节点可以被描述成“域”。在本发明的讨论中,每一个域可以与对应的可行动意图相关联,并且指的是与特定的可行动意图相关联的一组节点(以及其间的关系)。举例来说,图3C中示出的本体360可以包括本体360内的餐厅预订域362的一个实例提醒域364的一个实例。餐厅预订域包括可行动意图节点“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”,属性节点“restaurant(餐厅)”、“date/time(日期/时间)”和“partysize(人数)”,以及子属性节点“cuisine(菜肴)”、“pricerange(价格范围)”、“phonenumber(电话号码)”和“location(位置)”。提醒域364可以包括可行动意图节点“setreminder(设定提醒)”,以及属性节点“subject(主题)”和“date/time(日期/时间)”。在一些实例中,本体360可以由许多域构成。每一个域可以与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。举例来说,除了关联到餐厅预订域362和提醒域364之外,“date/time(日期/时间)”属性节点还可以与许多不同的域(例如日程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等等)相关联。
虽然图3C示出了本体360内的两个示例域,但是其他域例如可以包括“initiateaphonecall(发起电话呼叫)”、“finddirections(查找路线)”、“scheduleameeting(安排会议日程)”、“sendamessage(发送消息)”以及“provideananswertoaquestion(提供针对问题的答复)”、“readalist(读取列表)”、“providingnavigationinstructions(提供导航指示)”、“provideinstructionsforatask(提供任务指示)”等等。“sendamessage(发送消息)”域可以与“sendamessage(发送消息)”可行动意图节点相关联,并且还可以包括例如“recipient(s)((多位)接收者)”、“messagetype(消息类型)”和“messagebody(消息主体)”之类的属性节点。属性节点“recipient(接收者)”例如还可以由“recipientname(接收者姓名)”和“messageaddress(消息地址)”之类的子属性节点定义。
在一些实例中,本体360可以包括数字助理能够理解并且采取动作的所有域(因此还有可行动意图)。在一些实例中,例如可以通过添加或去除整个域或节点或者通过修改本体360内的节点之间的关系来对本体360进行修改。
在一些实例中,在本体360中可以把与多项有关的可行动意图相关联的各个节点聚类在“超级域”下。举例来说,“travel(旅行)”超级域可以包括与旅行有关的属性节点和可行动意图节点的聚类。与旅行有关的可行动意图节点可以包括“airlinereservation(航班预订)”、“hotelreservation(酒店预订)”、“carrental(汽车租赁)”、“getdirections(获得路线)”、“findpointsofinterest(寻找感兴趣点)”等等。相同的超级域(例如“travel(旅行)”超级域)下的各个可行动意图节点可以具有许多共同的属性节点。举例来说,对应于“airlinereservation(航班预订)”、“hotelreservation(酒店预订)”、“carrental(汽车租赁)”、“getdirections(获得方向)”和“findpointsofinterest(寻找感兴趣点)”的可行动意图节点可以共享属性节点“startlocation(起始位置)”、“destination(目的地)”、“departuredate/time(出发日期/时间)”、“arrivaldate/time(到达日期/时间)”和“partysize(人数)”当中的一个或多个属性节点。
在一些实例中,本体360中的每一个节点可以与一个单词和/或短语集合相关联,所述单词和/或短语集合对于所述节点所代表的属性或可行动意图是相关的。与每一个节点相关联的对应的单词和/或短语集合可以是与所述节点相关联的所谓的“词汇表”。与每一个节点相关联的对应的单词和/或短语集合可以与所述节点所代表的属性或可行动意图相关联地被存储在词汇表索引344中。例如回到图3B,与对应于“restaurant(餐厅)”属性的节点相关联的词汇表可以包括例如“food(食物)”、“drinks(饮料)”、“cuisine(菜肴)”、“hungry(饿)”、“eat(吃)”、“pizza(披萨饼)”、“fastfood(快餐)”、“meal(正餐)”等单词。对于另一个实例,与对应于“initiateaphonecall(发起电话呼叫)”的可行动意图的节点相关联的词汇表可以包括例如“call(呼叫)”、“phone(电话)”、“dial(拨号)”、“ring(响铃)”、“callthisnumber(呼叫此号码)”、“makeacallto(向…发起呼叫)”等单词和短语。词汇表索引344可以可选地包括不同语言的单词和短语。在一些实例中,与节点(例如可行动意图、参数/属性)相关联的词汇表可能包括同形异音词,并且词汇表中的同形异音词可以与特定含义和发音相关联。举例来说,词汇表中的同形异音词可以被唯一地标识(例如通过标签、标记、词条、元数据等等)成与特定含义和发音相关联。
自然语言处理模块332可以接收来自STT处理模块330的词条序列(例如文本串),并且确定词条序列中的单词涉及哪些节点。在一些实例中,如果发现词条序列中的单词或短语与本体360中的一个或多个节点相关联(通过词汇表索引344),则所述单词或短语可以“触发”或“激活”这些节点。基于被激活的节点的数量和/或相对重要性,自然语言处理模块332可以选择其中一项可行动意图作为用户希望数字助理实施的任务。在一些实例中,可以选择具有最多“被触发”节点的域。在一些实例中,可以选择具有最高置信度值的域(例如基于其各个被触发节点的相对重要性)。在一些实例中,可以基于被触发节点的数目和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些实例中,在选择节点时还可以考虑附加的因素,比如数字助理先前是否正确地解释过来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据348可以包括对应于每一位用户的特定于用户的信息,比如特定于用户的词汇表、用户优选项、用户地址、用户的默认和次要语言、用户的联系人列表以及其他短期或长期信息。在一些实例中,自然语言处理模块332可以使用所述特定于用户的信息来补充包含在用户输入中的信息,从而进一步定义用户意图。举例来说,对于用户请求“invitemyfriendstomybirthdayparty(邀请我的朋友来我的生日聚会)”,自然语言处理模块332可以能够访问用户数据348以确定谁是“friends(朋友)”以及“birthdayparty(生日聚会)”将在何时何地举行,而不需要用户在他/她的请求中明确地提供此类信息。
在一些实施例中,一旦自然语言处理模块332基于用户请求识别出可行动意图(或域),自然语言处理模块332就可以生成结构化查询以表示所识别出的可行动意图。在一些实例中,所述结构化查询可以包括对应于可行动意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数,并且利用在用户请求中指定的具体信息和要求来填充至少其中一些参数。举例来说,用户可能会说“Makemeadinnerreservationatasushiplaceat7.(为我预定7点钟的寿司餐厅)”。在这种情况下,自然语言处理模块332可以能够基于用户输入将可行动意图正确地识别成“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”。根据本体,对应于“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”域的结构化查询可以包括例如{Cuisine(菜肴)}、{Time(时间)}、{Date(日期)}、{PartySize(人数)}等参数。在一些实例中,基于话音输入以及利用STT处理模块330从话音输入导出的文本,自然语言处理模块332可以生成对应于餐厅预订域的部分结构化查询,其中所述部分结构化查询包括参数{Cuisine=“Sushi”(菜肴=“寿司”)}和{Time=“7pm”(时间=“7pm”)}。但是在该例中,用户的话语所包含的信息不足以完成与所述域相关联的结构化查询。因此,基于当前可用的信息,在结构化查询中可能不会指定例如{PartySize(人数)}和{Date(日期)}之类的其他必要参数。在一些实例中,自然语言处理模块332可以利用所接收到的情境信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。举例来说,在一些实例中,如果用户请求了“nearme(在我附近)”的寿司餐厅,则自然语言处理模块332可以利用来自用户设备104的GPS坐标填充结构化查询中的{location(位置)}参数。
在一些实例中,自然语言处理模块332可以把结构化查询(包括任何完成的参数)传递到任务流程处理模块336(“任务流程处理器”)。任务流程处理模块336可以被配置成接收来自自然语言处理模块332的结构化查询,在必要时完成结构化查询,并且实施“完成”用户的最终请求所需的行动。在一些实例中,可以在任务流程模型354中提供完成这些任务所必要的各种规程。在一些实例中,任务流程模型可以包括用于从用户获得附加的信息的规程以及用于实施与可行动意图相关联的行动的任务流程。
如前所述,为了完成结构化查询,任务流程处理模块336可能需要与用户发起附加的对话以便获得附加的信息,并且/或者消除潜在的歧义语句的歧义。当这样的交互是必要时,任务流程处理模块336可以调用对话流程处理模块334以便与用户进行对话。在一些实例中,对话流程处理模块334可以确定如何(和/或何时)向用户征询附加的信息并且接收和处理用户响应。可以通过I/O处理模块328向用户提供问题并且接收来自用户的答复。在一些实例中,对话流程处理模块334可以通过音频和/或视觉输出向用户呈现对话输出,并且通过口头或物理(例如点击)响应接收来自用户的输入。继续前面的实例,当任务流程处理模块336调用对话流程处理模块334以确定对应于与“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”域相关联的结构化查询的“partysize(人数)”和“date(日期)”信息时,对话流程处理模块334可以生成例如“Forhowmanypeople?(有多少人?)”和“Onwhichday?(在哪一天?)”之类的问题以传递给用户。一旦接收到来自用户的答复,对话流程处理模块334随后可以利用所缺失的信息来填充结构化查询,或者将所述信息传递到任务流程处理模块336以完成结构化查询所缺失的信息。
一旦任务流程处理模块336完成了对应于可行动意图的结构化查询,任务流程处理模块336就可以继续实施与可行动意图相关联的最终任务。相应地,任务流程处理模块336可以根据包含在结构化查询中的具体参数来执行任务流程模型中的步骤和指令。举例来说,对应于可行动意图“restaurantreservation(餐厅预订)”的任务流程模型可以包括用于联系餐厅并且实际请求特定时间、特定人数的预订的步骤和指令。举例来说,利用比如{restaurantreservation,restauraint=ABCCafé,date=3/12/2012,time=7pm,partysize=5(餐厅预订,餐厅=ABCCafé,日期=3/12/2012,时间=7pm,人数=5)}之类的结构化查询,任务流程处理模块336可以实施以下步骤:(1)登录到ABCCafé的服务器或者例如之类的餐厅预订系统,(2)在网站上的表单中输入日期、时间和人数,(3)提交表单,以及(4)在用户的日历中产生对应于所述预订的日历条目。
在一些实例中,任务流程处理模块336可以采用服务处理模块338(“服务处理模块”)的帮助来完成在用户输入中请求的任务,或者提供在用户输入中请求的信息答复。举例来说,服务处理模块338可以代表任务流程处理模块336发起电话呼叫,设定日历条目,调用地图搜索,调用安装在用户设备上的其他用户应用或者与之进行交互,以及调用第三方服务(例如餐厅预订入口、社交网站、银行业务入口等等)或者与之进行交互。在一些实例中,可以通过服务模型356当中的对应的服务模型来指定每一项服务所要求的协议和应用编程接口(API)。服务处理模块338可以访问对应于服务的适当的服务模型,并且根据服务模型按照服务所要求的协议和API生成针对服务的请求。
举例来说,如果餐厅实现了线上预订服务,则餐厅可以提交指定对于进行预订所必要的参数以及用于把必要参数的值传送到线上预订服务的API的服务模型。当由任务流程处理模块336请求时,服务处理模块338可以利用存储在服务模型中的web地址与线上预订服务建立网络连接,并且按照根据线上预订服务的API的格式向线上预订接口发送预订的必要参数(例如时间、日期、人数)。
在一些实例中,自然语言处理模块332、对话流程处理模块334和任务流程处理模块336可以被共同地并且迭代地使用以便推断和定义用户的意图,获得用以进一步澄清和细化用户意图的信息,并且最终生成响应(即针对用户的输出或者完成任务)以实现用户的意图。所生成的响应可以是至少部分地实现用户意图的针对话音输入的对话响应。此外,在一些实例中,所生成的响应可以作为话音输出而被输出。在这些实例中,所生成的响应可以被发送到话音合成模块340(例如话音合成器),并且可以在其中被处理以便合成话音形式的对话响应。
话音合成模块340可以被配置成合成话音输出以便呈现给用户。话音合成模块340基于由数字助理提供的文本来合成话音输出。举例来说,所生成的对话响应可以采取文本串的形式。话音合成模块340可以把文本串转换成可听的话音输出。话音合成模块340可以使用任何适当的话音合成技术来从文本生成话音输出,其中包括而不限于串联(concatenative)合成、单元选择合成、双音素(diphone)合成、域特定合成、共振峰(formant)合成、发音器官参数(articulatory)合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成以及正弦波合成。在一些实例中,话音合成模块340可以被配置成基于对应于单词的音素串来合成各个单独的单词。举例来说,音素串可以与所生成的对话响应中的单词相关联。音素串可以被存储在与单词相关联的元数据中。话音合成模块340可以被配置成直接处理元数据中的音素串,从而以话音形式合成单词。
此外,话音合成模块340可以包括用于消除同形异音词的歧义的发音系统342。因此发音系统342可以被配置成确定话音输入或者所生成的对话响应中的同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,发音系统342可以利用话音输入、ASR系统331的n元语法语言模型、自然语言处理模块332以及所接收到的情境(例如情境信息)的至少其中之一来确定同形异音词的正确发音。在确定同形异音词的正确发音时,发音系统342可以从ASR系统331的一个或多个声学模型或者语言模型获得对应于同形异音词的正确发音的音素串。此外,在一些实例中,发音系统342可以对所生成的对话响应中的同形异音词进行注释(例如通过标签、标记、词条或元数据),以便标识出与同形异音词相关联的正确发音。如果在话音输入、ASR系统、自然语言处理模块332以及关于同形异音词的正确发音的情境信息之间存在冲突的信息,发音系统342可以被配置成应用预定的逻辑或规则(例如投票方案、组合方案、加权方案等等)以确定同形异音词的正确发音。正如后面更加详细地描述的那样,发音系统342可以被配置成实施处理400的方框418。
在一些实例中,作为针对使用本地话音合成模块340的替代(或补充),可以在远程设备(例如服务器系统108)上实施话音合成,并且将所合成的话音发送到用户设备104以供输出给用户。举例来说,这种情况在其中针对数字助理的输出是在服务器系统处生成的一些实现方式中发生。并且由于服务器系统通常具有比用户设备更多的处理能力或资源,因此与对于客户端侧合成将符合实际的情况相比有可能获得更高质量的话音输出。
关于数字助理的附加细节可以在2011年1月10日提交的标题为“IntelligentAutomatedAssistant(智能自动化助理)”的美国实用新型申请No.12/987,982和2011年9月30日提交的标题为“GeneratingandProcessingTaskIteimsThatRepresentTaskstoPerform(生成并且处理代表将要实施的任务的任务项目)”的美国实用新型中请No.13/251,088中找到,通过引用的方式将其全部公开内容合并在此。
4、用于操作数字助理的处理
图4示出了根据各个实例的用于操作数字助理的处理400。处理400可以在具有一个或多个处理器以及存储一个或多个程序以供所述一个或多个处理器执行的存储器的电子设备处实施。在一些实例中,处理400可以在用户设备104或服务器系统108处实施。在一些实例中,处理400可以由数字助理系统300(图3A)实施,其如前所述可以被实施在独立的计算机系统上(例如用户设备104或服务器系统108)或者分布在多台计算机上(例如用户设备104、服务器系统108以及/或者附加的或替换的设备或系统)。虽然后面的讨论将处理400描述成由数字助理(例如数字助理系统300)实施,但是所述处理不限于由任何特定的设备、设备组合或实现方式来实施。此外,所述处理的各个单独的方框可以按照任何适当的方式被分组在一台或多台计算机、系统或设备之间。
在处理400的方框402处,可以接收来自用户的话音输入。在一些实例中,可以在与数字助理的交互过程中或者作为其一部分接收话音输入。可以通过声波、音频文件或者代表性音频信号(模拟或数字)的形式来接收话音输入。在一些实例中,话音输入可以是由电子设备(例如用户设备104)的麦克风(例如麦克风230)接收到的声波。在其他实例中,话音输入可以是由电子设备的音频子系统(例如音频子系统226)、外设接口(例如外设接口206)或处理器(例如处理器204)接收到的代表性音频信号或者所记录的音频文件。在其他实例中,话音输入可以是由数字助理系统的I/O接口(例如I/O接口306)或处理器(例如处理器304)接收到的代表性音频信号或者所记录的音频文件。
在一些实例中,话音输入可以包括用户请求。用户请求可以是任何请求,其中包括表明数字助理可以实施的任务的请求(例如进行和/或促进餐厅预订、发起电话呼叫或文本消息等等)、针对响应的请求(例如针对“HowfarisEarthfromthesun?(地球与太阳的距离有多远?)”之类的问题的答复)等等。
在一些实例中,话音输入可以包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入的一个实例可以包括“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,其中“Nice”是同形异音词。正如前面所描述的那样,“Nice”可以是具有发音/nis/(利用国际音标字母表示)的专有名词,或者具有发音/nais/的形容词。应当认识到,在其中话音输入不被用来确定同形异音词的正确发音(例如在方框418处)的实例中,话音输入不需要包括同形异音词。
在处理400的方框404处,可以接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息。在方框404处接收到的情境信息可以与前面所描述的用于推断用户意图或者确定如何准备和递送输出的情境信息类似或完全相同。在一些实例中,情境信息可以伴随话音输入。在一些实例中,情境信息可以包括接收自电子设备的传感器(例如用户设备104的运动传感器210、光传感器212、邻近传感器214、定位系统、温度传感器、生物测定传感器、陀螺仪、罗盘)的传感器信息。具体来说,情境信息可以包括在接收到方框402的话音输入时的用户位置。在一些实例中,情境信息可以包括接收自用户设备的应用(例如联系人、日历、时钟、web浏览器、消息、地图应用、天气应用等等)的信息。在一些实例中,情境信息可以包括与用户相关联的信息,比如用户的身份、地理来源、国籍或民族。这样的用户信息可以是接收自存储在设备上的用户简档。所接收到的情境信息可以在方框414处被用来确定可行动意图,或者在方框418处被用来确定同形异音词的正确发音,正如后面所描述的那样。
在处理400的方框406处,可以利用ASR系统对话音输入进行处理。举例来说,可以利用STT处理模块320的ASR系统对话音输入进行处理,正如前面所描述的那样。方框406可以包括方框408到412当中的一项或多项,正如后面所描述的那样。相应地,可以利用ASR系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定以下各项的至少其中之一:对应于在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串,n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,以及对应于话音输入的文本串。
在处理400的方框408处,可以确定对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串。正如前面所描述的那样,在一些实例中,ASR系统的前端话音预处理器可以从话音输入中提取出代表性特征。可以利用ASR系统的声学模型对所述代表性特征进行处理,以便例如产生对应于由用户发音的话音输入的音素序列。可以利用ASR系统的语言模型对所述音素序列进行进一步处理,以便把所述音素序列内的音素串映射到相应的单词。具体来说,音素序列内的音素串可以被映射到话音输入中的同形异音词。该音素串可以对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词。
在处理400的方框410处,可以确定n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。所述n元语法可以包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。例如在话音输入“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”中,n元语法可以是单词三元语法(wordtrigram)“weatherinNice”,其中同形异音词是“Nice”(与发音/nis/相关联的专有名词),并且所述一个或多个附加单词是“weatherin”。可以利用通过使用语料库训练的ASR系统的n元语法语言模型来确定n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。在一些实例中,n元语法的出现频率可以采取未经处理的计数的形式。举例来说,特定的三元语法可以在语料库内出现25次。相应地,该特定三元语法在语料库内的出现频率可以是25次计数。在其他情况下,所述出现频率可以是归一化的值。举例来说,所述出现频率可以采取似然性或概率的形式(例如概率分布)。在一个这样的实例中,自然语言文本的语料库可以包括特定三元语法的25次计数以及所有三元语法的1000次计数。相应地,该三元语法在语料库内的出现频率可以等于25/1000。
所述n元语法语言模型可以被配置成区分与同形异音词相关联的含义或发音。举例来说,所述n元语法语言模型可以具有分开的条目以用于在与发音/nis/相关联的专有名词“Nice”和与发音/nais/相关联的形容词“nice(好)”之间进行区分。具体来说,三元语法语言模型的三元语法“weatherinNice”(专有名词“Nice”)可以不同于n元语法语言模型中的三元语法“weatherinnice”(形容词“nice”)。在一些实例中,n元语法语言模型可以利用元数据(例如加标签、词条化等等)在同形异音词之间进行区分。
此外,在一些实例中,方框410可以包括确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。第二n元语法可以包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。虽然所述n元语法和第二n元语法可以包括相同的单词序列,但是第二n元语法中的同形异音词可以与不同于所述n元语法的含义和发音相关联。回到所述示例性话音输入“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,第二n元语法可以与单词三元语法“weatherinnice”相关联,其中同形异音词“nice”与形容词并且与发音/nais/相关联。在该例中,三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的触变频率可能高于第二三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率。因此可以确定,话音输入中的同形异音词“Nice”更有可能与发音/nis/而不是/nais/相关联。相应地,通过比较所述n元语法的出现频率与第二n元语法的出现频率,可以消除话音输入中的同形异音词的歧义。
虽然在前面的实例中所述一个或多个附加单词在话音输入中可以处在同形异音词之前,但是应当认识到,在其他实例中,所述一个或多个附加单词可以处在同形异音词之后,或者同形异音词可以处在所述一个或多个附加单词之间。
在处理400的方框412处,可以确定对应于话音输入的文本串。具体来说,ASR系统的一个或多个语言模型可以被用来确定所述文本串。在一些实例中,被用来在410处确定n元语法的出现频率的n元语法语言模型可以被用来确定文本串。在一些实例中,正如前面参照方框408所描述的那样,可以利用ASR系统的一个或多个语言模型对利用声学模型确定的音素序列进行处理,以便把音素序列内的音素串映射到相应的单词。通过这种方式,可以确定对应于话音输入的文本串。相应地,所述文本串可以是话音输入的脚本,并且可以包括话音输入中的同形异音词。在一些实例中,所述文本串可以采取词条序列的形式。
在处理400的方框414处,可以确定基于文本串的可行动意图。正如前面所描述的那样,在一些实例中,可行动意图可以代表可由数字助理实施的任务。可以通过自然语言处理来确定可行动意图。举例来说,前面所描述的自然语言处理模块332可以对方框412的文本串进行处理,以便确定与文本串一致的可行动意图。在一个具体实例中,所述文本串可以是“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,并且所确定的可行动意图可以是“reportweather(报告天气)”,其可以代表取回对应于位置<Nice,France>(<Nice,法国>)的当前和/或预测天气并且将所取回的天气在电子设备上输出给用户的任务。
正如前面所描述的那样,可行动意图可以与一个或多个参数相关联。举例来说,“reportweather(报告天气)”的可行动意图可以与参数{location(位置)}和{date/time(日期/时间)}(例如当前的日期/时间)相关联。在一些实例中,方框414可以包括将同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数。在其中文本串是“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”的一个实例中,同形异音词“Nice”可以被指派到参数{location(位置)},从而使得{locaiton=“Nice,France”(位置=“Nice,法国”)}。在一些实例中,正如在方框418处更加详细地描述的那样,可以基于其被指派到的参数来消除同形异音词的歧义。
此外,正如前面所描述的那样,可行动意图(包括可行动意图的参数)可以与单词和/或短语的一个集合相关联。所述单词和/或短语集合可以是与可行动意图或者可行动意图的参数相关联的词汇表列表。可以基于文本串和词汇表列表具有一个或多个共同的单词而将文本串映射到特定的可行动意图。举例来说,与“reportweather(报告天气)”的可行动意图相关联的词汇表列表可以包括单词“weather(天气)”和“Nice”。如果文本串是“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,则可以基于文本串以及与“reportweather(报告天气)”的可行动意图相关联的词汇表列表中的共同单词“weather(天气)”和“Nice”而将可行动意图确定为“reportweather(报告天气)”。
在一些实例中,与可行动意图相关联的词汇表列表可以包括一个或多个同形异音词,并且所述一个或多个同形异音词可以分别被唯一地标识(例如通过加标签、词条化等等)成与特定含义和/或特定发音相关联。举例来说,与可行动意图“reportweather(报告天气)”的参数{location(位置)}相关联的词汇表列表可以包括同形异音词“Nice”(专有名词)。在该例中,词汇表列表中的“Nice”可以被唯一地标识成与专有名词和发音/nis/相关联,而不是形容词和发音/nais/。这在允许把词汇表列表使用作为用于消除同形异音词的歧义的知识基础方面可能是符合期望的。
此外,正如前面所描述的那样,在方框404处接收到的情境信息可以被用来确定可行动意图。举例来说,来自电子设备的传感器和应用的信息可以被用来推断出文本串中所缺失的信息,从而消除与话音输入相关联的用户意图的歧义。此外,在一些实例中,所述情境信息可以与特定可行动意图的参数相关联,从而可以基于这些关联来确定可行动意图。
在处理400的方框416处,可以生成针对话音输入的对话响应。在一些实例中,所述对话响应可以包括话音输入中的同形异音词。回到示例性话音输入“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,所生成的对话响应可以包括“Here’stheweatherinNice,FrancebetweentodayandSaturday(以下是法国Nice的今天到星期六的天气)”。在一些实例中,可以利用对话流程处理模块334生成对话响应。正如前面所描述的那样,对话流程处理模块334可以与自然语言处理模块332和任务流程处理模块336协作来生成对话响应。
所述对话响应可以是至少部分地解决话音输入的自然语言形式的任何适当的响应。在其中话音输入包含用户请求的实例中,所生成的对话响应可以是至少部分地实现用户请求的对话响应。在一些实例中,所生成的对话响应可以是确认响应,或者是针对实现用户请求所需的另外的信息的请求。在一些实例中,可以基于在方框414处确定的可行动意图来生成对话响应。在一个具体实例中,可行动意图可以被确定为“reportweather(报告天气)”,并且所生成的对话响应可以是针对向用户报告天气。
在处理400的方框418处,可以确定同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,可以利用数字助理的话音合成模块(例如话音合成模块340)来实施方框416。具体来说,话音合成模块的发音系统(例如发音系统342)可以被用来实施方框418。
在一些实例中,可以基于话音输入确定同形异音词的正确发音。具体来说,同形异音词的正确发音可以是基于在方框408处确定的音素串。举例来说,同形异音词的正确发音可以被确定为与方框408处所确定的音素串相一致,其中同形异音词的正确发音与用户在话音输入中对同形异音词的发音类似或完全相同。在这些实例中,可以利用所述音素串来实施同形异音词的话音合成,正如在方框420处更加详细地描述的那样。
在一些实例中,可以利用ASR系统的n元语法语言模型来确定同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,话音输入中的情境可以被利用来消除同形异音词的歧义。举例来说,可以基于在方框410处确定的n元语法的出现频率来确定同形异音词的正确发音。回到示例性话音输入“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”,所述n元语法可以是三元语法“weatherinNice”,其中所述三元语法中的同形异音词“Nice”与专有名词并且与发音/nis/相关联。基于三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率,可以确定话音输入中的同形异音词“Nice”最有可能与专有名词和发音/nis/相关联。因此,在该例中,可以把同形异音词的正确发音确定为/nis/。
在一些实例中,可以基于在方框410处确定的所述n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率全部二者来确定同形异音词的正确发音。举例来说,可以通过把所述n元语法的出现频率与第二n元语法的出现频率进行比较来确定同形异音词的正确发音。参照其中所述n元语法是三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)并且第二n元语法是三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的实例,可以基于三元语法“weatherinNice”的出现频率比三元语法“weatherinnice”的出现频率高至少预定数量而把同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音确定为/nis/。在另一个实例中,可以基于三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率高于第一预定阈值并且三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率低于第二预定阈值而把同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音确定为/nis/。在一些实例中,第一预定阈值可以等于第二预定阈值。在其他实例中,第一预定阈值可以高于第二预定阈值。
在一些实例中,来自对话响应的单词情境可以被利用来消除同形异音词的歧义。在这些实例中,话音输入不需要包括同形异音词。在一个这样的实例中,话音输入可以是“How’stheweatherinthefifthmostpopulouscityinFrance?(法国人口第五多的城市的天气如何?)”,并且对话响应可以是“Here’stheweatherinNice,France(以下是法国Nice的天气)”。随后可以利用ASR系统来处理对话响应,以便消除对话响应中的同形异音词的歧义并且确定同形异音词的正确发音。举例来说,在前面的实例中,对话响应可以包括三元语法“weatherinNice”。类似于前面描述的实例,可以利用ASR系统的n元语法语言模型确定三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率。此外,在一些实例中,还可以利用ASR系统的n元语法语言模型确定第二三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率。基于三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率和第二3元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率的至少其中之一,可以确定同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音。此外,按照与前面所描述的类似或完全相同的方式,通过把三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率与第二三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率进行比较,可以确定对话响应中的同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音。
此外,在一些实例中,可以利用数字助理的自然语言处理器(例如自然语言处理模块332)来确定同形异音词的正确发音。举例来说,可以基于在方框414处确定的可行动意图来确定同形异音词的正确发音。在这些实例中,对话响应可以包括同形异音词,而话音输入则不需要包括同形异音词。可以基于同形异音词与可行动意图的相关联的单词、短语和参数之间的关系来确定正确发音。在其中话音输入是“FindmedirectionstoNice(为我寻找去Nice的路线)”一个具体实例中,可以把可行动意图确定为“mapdirections(地图路线)”。在该例中,与形容词“nice(好)”(/nais/)相比,寻找地图路线的任务可以与位置“Nice”(/nis/)更密切地相关。因此,可以基于可行动意图“mapdirections(地图路线)”将同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音确定为/nis/。
在一些实例中,可以基于可行动意图的参数来确定同形异音词的正确发音。正如前面所描述的那样,可以把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的参数。举例来说,继续示例性话音输入FindmedirectionstoNice(为我寻找去Nice的路线)”,可行动意图可以是“mapdirections(地图路线)”,并且同形异音词“Nice”可以被指派到可行动意图的参数{destinationlocation(目的地位置)}。在该例中,与形容词“nice(好)”/nais/相比,参数{destinationlocation(目的地位置)}可以与专有名词“Nice”(/nis/)更密切地相关联。因此,可以基于参数{destinationlocation(目的地位置)}将同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音确定为/nis/。
正如前面所描述的那样,词汇表列表可以与可行动意图或者可行动意图的参数相关联。同形异音词可以被包括在词汇表列表中。在一些实例中,可以基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音来确定同形异音词的正确发音。回到其中可行动意图被确定为“reportweather(报告天气)”的实例,词汇表列表可以与可行动意图“reportweather(报告天气)”的参数{location(位置)}相关联。在该例中,同形异音词“Nice”可以被包括在词汇表列表中,并且发音/nis/可以与词汇表列表中的同形异音词“Nice”相关联。通过使用词汇表列表作为用以消除同形异音词的歧义的知识基础,可以确定同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音是/nis/。
在一些实例中,在方框404处接收到的情境信息可以被用来确定同形异音词的正确发音。情境信息在消除语义相似或者具有相同词性的同形异音词的歧义方面可能是特别有用的。在一个实例中,话音输入可以是“HowaretheAjaxdoing?(Ajax最近怎么样?)”。在该例中,Ajax是同形异音词,其可以指代荷兰的一支足球队(发音为)或者神话中的希腊英雄(发音为),二者都是专有名词。在该例中,情境信息在消除同形异音词“Ajax”的含义和发音的歧义方面可能是有用的。举例来说,基于接收自电子设备的定位系统的信息,情境信息可以包括用户的当前位置。情境信息可能表明用户当前位于荷兰的Amsterdam市。基于该情境信息,可以确定同形异音词“Ajax”有可能指代荷兰的足球队()而不是神话中的希腊英雄()。相应地,同形异音词“Ajax”关于话音输入的正确发音可以被确定为
在一些实例中,被用来确定同形异音词的正确发音的情境信息可以包括与用户相关联的信息,比如地理起源、国籍或民族。在一个这样的实例中,可以基于接收自存储在设备上的用户简档的情境信息将用户识别成荷兰人。在这样的实例中,同形异音词“Ajax”的正确发音可以被确定为而不是
此外,在一些实例中,可以基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音来确定同形异音词的正确发音。具体来说,可以基于接收自用户的先前话音输入来创建定制发音。这对于可能不遵守规范发音的专有名词来说可能是符合期望的。举例来说,在接收自特定用户的先前话音输入中,同形异音词“Ajax”可能被发音成这一发音可以被存储为同形异音词“Ajax”的定制发音并且与特定用户相关联。在与特定应用相关联的后续话音交互中,于是可以基于与该特定用户相关联的同形异音词“Ajax”的定制发音将同形异音词“Ajax”的正确发音确定为
应当认识到,可以基于话音输入、n元语法语言模型、自然语言处理器和情境信息的任意组合来确定同形异音词的正确发音。更具体来说,同形异音词的正确发音可以是基于在方框408处确定的音素串、n元语法的出现频率、在方框414处确定的可行动意图以及在方框404处接收到的情境信息的任意组合。
在一些实例中,关于同形异音词的正确发音可能存在冲突的信息。举例来说,话音输入中的同形异音词的用户发音可能与基于n元语法语言模型或可行动意图确定的同形异音词的正确发音不一致。在这些实例中,可以应用预定的逻辑(例如投票方案、预定的加权、规则等等)以便把由话音输入、n元语法语言模型、可行动意图和情境信息所提供的信息综合在一起。
在其中话音输入是“How’stheweatherinNice?(Nice的天气如何?)”的实例中,用户可能会把同形异音词“Nice”(专有名词)错误地发音成/nais/,因此在方框408处确定的音素串可能对应于发音/nais/。此外,基于三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率高于三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率,可以确定同形异音词“Nice”更有可能与发音/nis/而不是/nais/相关联。在该例中,如果三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率高于预定阈值或者如果三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率比三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率高至少预定数量,则可以把正确发音确定为与n元语法语言模型(例如/nis/)一致。相反,如果三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率不高于预定阈值或者如果三元语法“weatherinNice”(/nis/)的出现频率不比三元语法“weatherinnice”(/nais/)的出现频率高预定数量,则可以把同形异音词“Nice”的正确发音确定为与方框408的音素串一致。
在一些实例中,在确定同形异音词的正确发音时,可以利用唯一的标识符注释(例如利用标签、词条、标记等等)对话响应中的同形异音词,从而使得所述注释可以被用来标识同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,对话响应可以由一串词条表示,并且表示同形异音词的词条可以与同形异音词的正确发音唯一地相关联。此外,在一些实例中,同形异音词的正确发音可以被存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中。所述元数据的注释随后可以在方框420处被用来根据正确发音合成同形异音词。
在一些实例中,可以基于标识正确发音的注释从ASR系统获得对应于同形异音词的正确发音的音素串。举例来说,在对话响应“Here’stheweatherinNice,FrancebetweentodayandSaturday(以下是法国Nice的今天到星期六的天气)”中,同形异音词“Nice”可以由将该同形异音词标识成专有名词而不是形容词的词条来表示。基于所述词条并且利用ASR系统的一个或多个声学模型或语言模型,可以获得对应于发音/nis/的音素串。所获得的音素串可以被存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中。所获得的音素串随后可以在方框420处被用来根据正确发音合成同形异音词。
在其中同形异音词的正确发音被确定为与方框408的音素串一致的实例中,方框408的音素串可以被直接存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中。在这些实例中,所述音素串在方框420处可以被用来根据正确发音合成同形异音词。
在处理400的方框420处,可以输出对话响应以作为话音输出。可以根据在方框418处确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。在一些实例中,可以利用数字助理的话音合成器(例如话音合成模块340)输出对话响应。具体来说,可以由话音合成器根据所确定的正确发音合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,可以在单词层级合成对话响应中的同形异音词。在这些实例中,话音合成器可以被配置成具有对于每一个同形异音词包括多个条目的字典。举例来说,所述字典可以包括对应于发音/nis/的针对“Nice”的条目,以及对应于发音/nais/的针对“nice(好)”的另一个条目。在一些实例中,话音合成器可以基于其注释(例如标签、标记、词条等等)或相关联的元数据在单词层级合成同形异音词,以便根据正确发音以话音形式输出同形异音词。举例来说,如果表示同形异音词“Nice”的词条将该同形异音词标识为具有发音/nis/的正确名词而不是具有发音/nais/的形容词,则话音合成器可以基于所述词条并且利用对应于发音/nis/的话音合成器中的字典条目来合成所述同形异音词。应当认识到,可以通过例如元数据、标签、标记等多种手段来标识同形异音词,并且这些手段当中的每一种可以由话音合成器访问和处理以便利用适当的字典条目在单词层级合成同形异音词。
在其他实例中,可以在音素层级合成对话响应中的同形异音词。在这些实例中,话音合成器可以被配置成直接处理音素串并且根据音素串输出话音。如前所述,对应于同形异音词的正确发音的音素串可以被存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中。所述音素串可以是方框408的音素串,或者是在方框416处描述的单独获得的音素串。在这些实例中,存储在元数据中的音素串可以由话音合成器访问并且直接处理,从而以话音形式输出同形异音词。由于所存储的音素串是基于所确定的同形异音词的正确发音,因此合成音素串可以导致根据正确发音在话音输出中发音同形异音词。在音素层级合成同形异音词可能是符合期望的,这是因为可以不再需要话音合成器具有对于每一个同形异音词都有多个条目的字典,从而减少了资源需求。
虽然在前面的实例中可以在单词层级或音素层级合成同形异音词,但是应当认识到,可以利用多种合成处理来合成同形异音词,从而根据正确发音在话音输出中对其进行发音。
虽然在图4中按照特定顺序示出了处理400的方框402到420,但是应当认识到,可以按照任意顺序来实施这些方框。例如在一些实例中,方框418可以在方框416之前实施。此外还应当认识到,在某些情况下,处理400的一个或多个方框可以是可选的,并且还可以实施附加的方框。例如在一些实例中,方框406内的方框408到412当中的一个或多个方框可以是可选的。因此,在方框406处利用ASR系统处理话音输入可以包括方框408、410和412的任意组合。在其他实例中,方框404可以是可选的。在其他实例中,方框414可以是可选的。
5、电子设备
图5示出了根据所描述的各个实施例的原理配置的电子设备500的功能方框图。所述设备的各个功能块可以通过硬件、软件或者硬件与软件的组合来实现,以便实施所描述的各个实施例的原理。本领域技术人员应当理解的是,图5中所描述的各个功能块可以可选地被组合或者分成子块,以便实施所描述的各个实施例的原理。因此,这里的描述可选地支持这里所描述的功能块的任何可能的组合、划分或另外的定义。
如图5中所示,电子设备500可以包括被配置成显示用户接口并且接收来自用户的输入的触摸屏显示单元502,被配置成接收话音输入的音频输入单元504,被配置成提供来自用户的情境信息的传感器单元506,被配置成存储情境信息的存储器单元508,以及被配置成输出音频的扬声器单元508。在一些实例中,音频输入单元504可以被配置成以声波的形式接收来自用户的话音输入,并且以表示信号的形式将话音输入传送到处理单元510。电子设备500还可以包括耦合到触摸屏显示单元502、音频输入单元504、传感器单元506和扬声器单元508的处理单元510。在一些实例中,处理单元510可以包括接收单元512、话音处理单元514、确定单元518、生成举元520、输出单元522、指派单元524、获得单元526和注释单元528。
处理单元510被配置成(例如从音频输入单元502并且利用接收单元512)接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入,以便确定以下各项的至少其中之一:对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串,以及n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词,并且所述n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于所述音素串和n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用生成单元520)生成针对话音输入的对话响应。所述对话响应包括同形异音词。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用扬声器单元508和输出单元522)输出对话响应以作为话音输出。根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)确定对应于话音输入的文本串。在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于所述文本串确定可行动意图。基于所述音素串、n元语法的由现频率以及可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用指派单元524)将同形异音词指派到可行动意图的参数。至少部分地基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联。所述词汇表列表包括同形异音词,并且词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联。基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如从传感器单元506或存储器单元508并且利用接收单元512)接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息。至少部分地基于情境信息确定可行动意图。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联。基于所述n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,所述n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值。第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值。将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,所述音素串对应于第二发音。所述n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用获得单元526)从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的第二音素串。在一些实例中,输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词。话音合成器利用第二音素串根据正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用注释单元528)利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词,以便标识出同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词。基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,至少部分地基于情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。在一些实例中,所述情境信息包括与用户相关联的信息。
在一些实例中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。同形异音词的定制发音可以是基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如从音频输入单元504并且利用接收单元512)接收来自用户的包合同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入,以便确定第一n元语法关于语料库的出现频率和第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。第一n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。第一n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联。第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于第一n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用生成单元520)生成针对话音输入的对话响应。所述对话响应包括同形异音词。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用扬声器单元508和输出单元522)输出对话响应以作为话音输出。根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,第一n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值。第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值。将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,所述一个或多个附加单词在话音输入中处在同形异音词之前。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如从音频输入单元504并且利用接收单元512)接收来自用户的话音输入。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入以便确定对应于话音输入的文本串。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于所述文本串确定可行动意图。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用生成单元520)基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)利用自动话音辨识系统的n元语法语言模型并且基于对话响应中的同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词确定同形异音词的正确发音。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用扬声器单元508和输出单元522)输出对话响应以作为话音输出。根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)确定第一n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。第一n元语法包括对话响应中的同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。第一n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联。在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率。第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词。第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联。基于第一n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定对话响应中的同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,第一n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且将同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
在一些实例中,所述一个或多个附加单词在对话响应中处在同形异音词之前。在一些实例中,情境信息包括与用户相关联的信息。
在一些实例中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。所述定制发音可以是基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如从音频输入单元504并且利用接收单元512)接收来自用户的话音输入。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入,以便确定对应于话音输入的文本串。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于所述文本串确定可行动意图。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用生成单元520)基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应。所述对话响应包括同形异音词。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用确定单元518)基于可行动意图确定同形异音词的正确发音。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用扬声器单元508和输出单元522)输出对话响应以作为话音输出。根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如利用指派单元524)将同形异音词指派到可行动意图的参数。基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联,所述词汇表列表包括同形异音词,词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联,并且基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
在一些实例中,处理单元510被配置成(例如从音频输入单元502并且利用接收单元512)接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用话音处理单元514)利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入,以便确定对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串。处理单元510被配置成(例如利用生成单元520)生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括同形异音词。处理举元510被配置成(例如利用扬声器单元508和输出单元522)输出对话响应以作为话音输出。根据所述音素串在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
在一些实例中,利用自动话音辨识系统的声学模型确定所述音素串。在一些实例中,输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词。基于所述音素串合成对话响应。
在一些实例中,所述音素串被存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中。所述元数据由话音合成器访问,以便根据所述音素串合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
根据本发明的一些示例性实施例可以如下。
(1)一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以确定以下各项的至少其中之一:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中,所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
基于所述音素串和n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(2)根据(1)所述的方法,其中,利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定对应于话音输入的文字串,并且所述方法还包括:
基于所述文字串确定可行动意图,其中基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(3)根据(2)所述的方法,还包括:
把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数,其中至少部分地基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(4)根据(2)所述的方法,其中:
词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联;
词汇表列表包括同形异音词;
词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联;并且
基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(5)根据(2)-(4)中任一所述的方法,还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于情境信息确定可行动意图。
(6)根据(1)-(5)中任一所述的方法,其中:
所述n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;并且
基于所述n元语法的出现频率和所述第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(7)根据(6)所述的方法,其中,所述n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(8)根据(6)所述的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(9)根据(6)所述的方法,其中,所述音素串对应于第二发音,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(10)根据(1)-(9)中任一所述的方法,还包括:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的第二音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用第二音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
(11)根据(1)-(10)中任一所述的方法,还包括:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(12)根据(1)-(11)中任一所述的方法,还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(13)根据(12)的方法,其中,所述情境信息包括与用户相关联的信息。
(14)根据(1)-(13)中任一所述的方法,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
(15)、一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定第一n元语法关于语料库的出现频率和第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中:
第一n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第一n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;并且
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;
基于第一n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定话音输入中的同形异音词的正确发音;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(16)根据(15)的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(17)根据(15)的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(18)根据(15)-(17)当中的任一项的方法,其中,所述一个或多个附加单词在话音输入中处在同形异音词之前。
(19)根据(15)-(18)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用所述音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
(20)根据(15)-(19)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以便标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(21)根据(15)-(20)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(22)根据(21)的方法,其中,所述情境信息包括与用户相关联的信息。
(23)根据(15)-(22)当中的任一项的方法,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音是基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
(24)、一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定对应于话音输入的文字串;
基于文字串确定可行动意图;
基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括同形异音词;
利用自动话音辨识系统的n元语法语言模型并且基于对话响应中的所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词确定同形异音词的正确发音;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(25)根据(24)的方法,其还包括:
确定第一n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中第一n元语法包括对话响应中的所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词,并且其中第一n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;并且
确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词,第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联,并且基于第一n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定对话响应中的同形异音词的正确发音。
(26)根据(25)的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(27)根据(25)的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(28)根据(24)-(27)当中的任一项的方法,其中,所述一个或多个附加单词在对话响应中处在同形异音词之前。
(29)根据(24)-(28)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用所述音素串根据所确定的正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
(30)根据(24)-(28)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以便标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(31)根据(24)-(30)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(32)根据(31)的方法,其中,所述情境信息包括与用户相关联的信息。
(33)根据(24)-(32)当中的任一项的方法,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音是基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
(34)、一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定对应于话音输入的文字串;
基于文字串确定可行动意图;
基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括同形异音词;以及
基于可行动意图确定同形异音词的正确发音;
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(35)根据(34)的方法,其还包括:
把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数,其中基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(36)根据(34)的方法,其中:
词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联;
词汇表列表包括同形异音词;
词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联;并且
基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(37)根据(34)-(36)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(38)根据(34)-(37)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用所述音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
(39)根据(34)-(38)当中的任一项的方法,其还包括:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以便标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(40)、一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以便确定对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所述音素串在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(41)根据(40)的方法,其中,利用自动话音辨识系统的声学模型确定所述音素串。
(42)根据(40)-(41)当中的任一项的方法,其中,输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述音素串合成对话响应。
(43)根据(40)-(42)当中的任一项的方法,其中,所述音素串被存储在与对话响应中的同形异音词相关联的元数据中,并且其中由话音合成器访问所述元数据以便根据所述音素串合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(44)、一种包括用于实施(1)-(43)当中的任一项的方法的计算机可执行指令的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质。
(45)、一种系统,其包括:
(44)的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质;以及
能够执行计算机可读指令的处理器。
(46)、一种电子设备,包括:
用于接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以确定以下各项的至少其中之一的部件:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
用于基于所述音素串和所述n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音的部件;
用于生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(47)、一种电子设备,其包括:
用于接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以便确定第一n元语法关于语料库的出现频率和第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率的部件,其中:
第一n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第一n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;并且
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;
用于基于第一n元语法的出现频率和第二n元语法的出现频率确定话音输入中的同形异音词的正确发音的部件;
用于生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(48)一种电子设备,其包括:
用于接收来自用户的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以便确定对应于话音输入的文字串的部件;
用于基于文字串确定可行动意图的部件;
用于基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括同形异音词;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统的n元语法语言模型并且基于对话响应中的所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词确定同形异音词的正确发音的部件;以及
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(49)、一种电子设备,其包括:
用于接收来自用户的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以便确定对应于话音输入的文字串的部件;
用于基于文字串确定可行动意图的部件;
用于基于可行动意图生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括同形异音词;以及
用于基于可行动意图确定同形异音词的正确发音的部件;
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(50)、一种电子设备,其包括:
用于接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以便确定对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串的部件;
用于生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所述音素串在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(51)、一种电子设备,包括:
被配置成显示用户接口并且接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元;
被配置成接收话音输入的音频输入单元;
被配置成输出音频的扬声器单元;以及
耦合到触摸屏显示单元、音频输入单元和扬声器单元的处理单元,所述处理单元被配置成:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以确定对应于话音输入的文字串,其中对话音输入进行处理包括确定以下各项的至少其中之一:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
基于文字串确定可行动意图;
基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
(52)根据(51)所述的设备,其中,利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定对应于话音输入的文字串,并且其中所述处理单元还被配置成:
基于文字串确定可行动意图,其中基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(53)根据(52)所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数,其中至少部分地基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(54)根据(52)所述的设备,其中:
词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联;
词汇表列表包括同形异音词;
词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联;并且
基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(55)根据(52)所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定可行动意图。
(56)根据(51)所述的设备,其中:
所述n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;并且
基于所述n元语法的出现频率和所述第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(57)根据(56)所述的设备,其中,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(58)根据(56)所述的设备,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,其中第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把所述同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(59)根据(56)所述的设备,其中,所述音素串对应于所述第二发音,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把所述同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
(60)根据(51)所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的第二音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用所述第二音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
(61)根据(51)所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
(62)根据(51)所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
(63)根据(51)所述的设备,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
虽然前面完全参照附图描述了实施例,但是应当提到的是,本领域技术人员将会想到各种改变和修改。这样的改变和修改应当被理解成被包括在由所附权利要求书定义的各个实施例的范围内。
在某些情况下,前面所描述的系统、处理和设备可以包括收集和使用可从各种来源获得的数据(例如情境信息),以便改进向用户递送邀请内容或者其可能感兴趣的任何其他内容。本公开内容设想到在某些情况下,所收集的该数据可以包括唯一地标识或者可以被用来联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。这样的个人信息数据可以包括人口统计数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、家庭地址或者任何其他标识信息。
本公开内容认识到,通过结合前面描述的系统、处理和设备使用这样的个人信息数据,其可以被用来使得用户受益。举例来说,个人信息数据可以被用来确定同形异音词的正确发音。相应地,通过使用这样的个人信息数据可以允许在前面所描述的系统、处理和设备的话音输出中更加准确地发音同形异音词。
本公开内容还设想到,负责这样的个人信息数据的收集、分析、公开、传输、存储或其他使用的实体将遵守已经明确建立的隐私政策和/或隐私实践。具体来说,这样的实体应当实施并且一贯使用通常被认为是满足或超出针对保持个人信息数据的隐私和安全的行业或政府要求的隐私政策和实践。举例来说,应当针对所述实体的合法并且合理的使用收集来自用户的个人信息,并且不应当在这些合法使用的范围之外共享或销售。此外,这样的收集应当只有在接收到用户的知情同意的情况下才能发生。此外,这样的实体将采取任何所需的步骤来防护并且保护对于这样个人信息数据的访问的安全,并且确保能够访问所述个人信息数据的其他实体遵守其隐私政策和规程。此外,这样的实体可以受到第三方评估,以认证其对于广为接受的隐私政策和实践的遵守。
虽然作出了前面的描述,但是本公开内容还设想到其中用户选择性地阻止对于个人信息数据的使用或访问的实例。也就是说,本公开内容设想到可以提供硬件和/或软件元件,以便防止或者阻止对于这样的个人信息数据的访问。例如在广告递送服务的情况下,前面所描述的系统和设备可以被配置成允许用户选择“加入”或“退出”在针对服务的登记期间参与个人信息数据的收集。在另一个实例中,用户可以选择不提供位置信息以用于目标化内容递送服务。在另一个实例中,用户可以选择不提供精确的位置信息,而是允许传输位置区块信息。
因此,虽然本公开内容宽泛地涵盖了使用个人信息数据来实施所公开的一个或多个不同实例,但是本公开内容还设想到可以在无需访问这样的个人信息数据的情况下实施各个实施例。也就是说,这里所公开的各个实施例不会由于缺少这样的个人信息数据当中的全部或一部分而变得不可操作。举例来说,可以基于非个人信息数据或者仅仅最少数量的个人信息来确定同形异音词的正确发音,比如由与用户相关联的设备请求的内容、可用于内容递送服务的其他非个人信息数据或者公共可用的信息。

Claims (27)

1.一种用于操作智能自动化助理的方法,所述方法包括:
在具有处理器和存储有供处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器的电子设备处:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理,以确定以下各项的至少其中之一:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中,所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
基于所述音素串和n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定对应于话音输入的文本串,并且所述方法还包括:
基于所述文本串确定可行动意图,其中基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:
把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数,其中至少部分地基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中:
词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联;
词汇表列表包括同形异音词;
词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联;并且
基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于情境信息确定可行动意图。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
所述n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;并且
基于所述n元语法的出现频率和所述第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述n元语法的出现频率比第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述音素串对应于第二发音,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的第二音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用第二音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
14.一种电子设备,包括:
用于接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入的部件;
用于利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以确定以下各项的至少其中之一的部件:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
用于基于所述音素串和所述n元语法的出现频率的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音的部件;
用于生成针对话音输入的对话响应的部件,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
用于输出对话响应以作为话音输出的部件,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
15.一种电子设备,包括:
被配置成显示用户接口并且接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元;
被配置成接收话音输入的音频输入单元;
被配置成输出音频的扬声器单元;以及
耦合到触摸屏显示单元、音频输入单元和扬声器单元的处理单元,所述处理单元被配置成:
接收来自用户的包含同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词的话音输入;
利用自动话音辨识系统对话音输入进行处理以确定对应于话音输入的文本串,其中对话音输入进行处理包括确定以下各项的至少其中之一:
对应于由用户在话音输入中发音的同形异音词的音素串;以及
n元语法关于语料库的出现频率,其中所述n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
基于文本串确定可行动意图;
基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音;
生成针对话音输入的对话响应,其中所述对话响应包括所述同形异音词;以及
输出对话响应以作为话音输出,其中根据所确定的正确发音在话音输出中发音对话响应中的同形异音词。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定对应于话音输入的文本串,并且其中所述处理单元还被配置成:
基于文本串确定可行动意图,其中基于所述音素串、n元语法的出现频率和可行动意图的至少其中之一确定同形异音词的正确发音。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
把同形异音词指派到可行动意图的一个参数,其中至少部分地基于所述参数确定同形异音词的正确发音。
18.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中:
词汇表列表与可行动意图相关联;
词汇表列表包括同形异音词;
词汇表列表中的同形异音词与特定发音相关联;并且
基于与词汇表列表中的同形异音词相关联的特定发音确定同形异音词的正确发音。
19.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定可行动意图。
20.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中:
所述n元语法中的同形异音词与第一发音相关联;
利用自动话音辨识系统处理话音输入包括确定第二n元语法关于语料库的出现频率;
第二n元语法包括所述同形异音词以及一个或多个附加单词;
第二n元语法中的同形异音词与第二发音相关联;并且
基于所述n元语法的出现频率和所述第二n元语法的出现频率确定同形异音词的正确发音。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其中,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
22.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其中,第一n元语法的出现频率高于第一预定阈值,其中第二n元语法的出现频率低于第二预定阈值,并且其中把所述同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
23.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其中,所述音素串对应于所述第二发音,所述n元语法的出现频率比所述第二n元语法的出现频率高至少预定数量,并且其中把所述同形异音词的正确发音确定为第一发音。
24.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
从自动话音辨识系统获得对应于所确定的正确发音的第二音素串,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中所述话音合成器使用所述第二音素串根据所述正确发音合成话音输出中的同形异音词。
25.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
利用标签注释对话响应中的同形异音词以标识出同形异音词的正确发音,其中输出对话响应包括利用话音合成器合成对话响应中的同形异音词,并且其中基于所述标签合成对话响应中的同形异音词。
26.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述处理单元还被配置成:
接收与话音输入相关联的情境信息,其中至少部分地基于所述情境信息确定同形异音词的正确发音。
27.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,至少部分地基于与用户相关联的同形异音词的定制发音确定同形异音词的正确发音,并且其中所述定制发音基于接收自用户的先前话音输入。
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