CN105717660A - Reentry optical path based reflective Sagnac interference element - Google Patents
Reentry optical path based reflective Sagnac interference element Download PDFInfo
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- CN105717660A CN105717660A CN201610292054.9A CN201610292054A CN105717660A CN 105717660 A CN105717660 A CN 105717660A CN 201610292054 A CN201610292054 A CN 201610292054A CN 105717660 A CN105717660 A CN 105717660A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
Abstract
The invention discloses a reentry optical path based reflective Sagnac interference element. The reflective Sagnac interference element is characterized by comprising a reflective Sagnac interference unit composed of a polarizing beam splitter and a reflective blazed grating, a half wave plate, a Porro prism, a polarizing film, an imaging optical system and an interference pattern receiving surface, wherein a parallel incident light beam is affected by the reflective Sagnac interference unit to form two beams of parallel light with the same propagation direction and certain interval, the polarizing directions of the two beams of parallel light are vertical to each other, and the two beams of parallel light pass through the half wave plate, are reflected by the Porro prism which forms an angle of 45 degrees with the incident direction, return to the reflective Sagnac interference unit, and are affected again by the reflective Sagnac interference unit to form four beams of parallel polarizing light which pass through a reflector, the polarizing film and an imaging lens system to form an inteference pattern on an interference imaging surface. The reflective Sagnac interference element can meet the requirement of a white light polarized interferometer, can realize broadband spectrum polarizing interference, is small in size, light in weight and high in light throughput and is applicable to the remote sensing field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reflective Sagnac interference element, more specifically a kind of reflective Sagnac interference element that can meet the use of white light polarized interferometer.
Background technology
Interferometer is according to interference of light principle, and the different light beams from same light source merge after different light paths, can show interference fringe.At direction important roles such as spectroscopy, microbiology, analytical chemistry, physics, remote sensing science, medical science, military science, precision optical machinery, accurate measurement and accurate controls.The light path of interferometer adopt mostly reflection, refraction, diffraction to realize the separation of light, deviation and convergence.
The foundation of interferometer measurement is interference fringe, and the visibility of interference fringe is most important to interferometer；In conventional dry interferometer, the principal element affecting the visibility of interference fringe is the polyenergetic of the amplitude ratio of coherent beam, the size of light source and light source.The amplitude ratio of coherent beam is more big, it is seen that spend more low, and the amplitude ratio that should as far as possible make coherent beam during design interference system is 1, and namely the amplitude of coherent beam is equal；Owing to actual light source has certain size, the size of light source can affect the spatial coherence of interferometer, therefore, should be limited within the scope of a certain size by light source during design interferometer；The polyenergetic of light source can affect the temporal coherence of interferometer, and the monochromaticity of coherent light and spectrum width are concepts, and monochromaticity is well that spectrum width is narrow, and spectrum width is more narrow, and visibility of interference fringes is more high.
In the practical application of the technology such as remote sensing, need a kind of with wavelength be 380-760nm visible ray and white light be light source interferometer, the overwhelming majority initial light sources of white light are from the sun, therefore the amplitude ratio of light source, size, polyenergetic are all non-constants, so design white light interferometer must make amplitude ratio be 1 as far as possible, light source size is less, tightens spectrum width.
But, light source size can directly affect image quality and the scope of the equipment such as remote sensing, limits spectrum width but must is fulfilled for visible-range；A kind of interference structure must possess following condition could meet the requirement used in non-limiting white light source situation: one is that in interferometer, beam frequencies is identical；Two is that in interferometer, beam phase difference becomes a definite proportion with wavelength；Three is that in interferometer, the direction of vibration of light beam is identical or contrary.
Simultaneously, generally require due to remote sensing equipment suitable in spaceborne or airborne or vehicle-mounted, and due to the restriction of target light source, component size, weight, throughput etc. are had higher requirement by remote sensing equipment, and volume is more little, weight is more light, throughput is more high then more superior.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding the deficiency existing for above-mentioned prior art, a kind of reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back is provided, make it possess beam frequencies is identical, the poor direction of vibration becoming a definite proportion and light beam with wavelength of beam phase is identical or contrary performance, to meet the requirement of white light polarized interferometer；Have that volume is little, lightweight, throughput is high to adapt to the technology requirement of remote sensing equipment simultaneously.
The present invention solves that technical problem adopts the following technical scheme that
The present invention, based on the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back, is obtain interference pattern on interference pattern receiving plane for parallel incident beam；It is structurally characterized in that: the version arranging described interference element is: constituted interference unit by the first reflective balzed grating, polarization spectroscope and the second reflective balzed grating,；
Parallel incident beam is the orthogonal two bunch polarized light in polarization direction through polarization spectroscope beam splitting, is the first light beam reflected to form and the second light beam of transmission formation respectively；
Described first light beam under the effect of interference unit through polarization spectroscope reflect to form along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction propagate first light beam first time emergent light A11；Described second light beam is formed along the second light beam first time emergent light A12 propagated with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction under the effect of interference unit through the transmission of polarization spectroscope；
Described first light beam first time emergent light A11 and the second light beam first time emergent light A12 invests the reflection light beam of polarization spectroscope respectively through being formed along the direction vertical with incident beam after half-wave plate in general sieve prism；Described reflection light beam enters interference unit through polarization spectroscope again, after the effect again of described interference unit, is exporting four bundle collimated light beams by the polarization spectroscope in interference unit；Described four bundle collimated light beams are respectively: by the first light beam first time emergent light A11 through polarization direction orthogonal first emergent light B11 and the second emergent light B12 that interference unit is formed；By the second light beam first time emergent light A21 through orthogonal 3rd emergent light B21 and the four emergent light B22 in polarization direction that interference unit is formed；Described four bundle collimated light beams are reflected the reflection of mirror respectively, and project on interference pattern receiving plane through polaroid and imaging optical system successively respectively, form interference pattern.
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back: described first light beam propagates formation the first light beam first time emergent light A11 along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction successively after the reflection of the first reflective balzed grating, the second reflective balzed grating, and polarization spectroscope；Described second light beam, successively through the reflection of the second reflective balzed grating, and the first reflective balzed grating, propagates formation the second light beam first time emergent light A12 then through after the transmission of polarization spectroscope along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction.
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back: arranging described first light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, is 22.5 °；Second light beam angle of incidence on the second reflective balzed grating, is 22.5 °；The direction of advance of the fast axle and incident beam A that arrange half-wave plate becomes 22.5 ° of angles；Light transmission shaft and the four bundle collimated light beam angles all at 45 ° of polaroid are set；The direction of advance angle at 45 ° of general sieve prism and incident beam is set.
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back:
Order:
First light beam angle of incidence on described first reflective balzed grating, is a1, and the angle of emergence is a2；
First light beam angle of incidence on described second reflective balzed grating, is b1, and the angle of emergence is b2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on described second reflective balzed grating, is c1, and the angle of emergence is c2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on described first reflective balzed grating, is d1, and the angle of emergence is d2；
And make: a=a2-a1, b=b2-b1, c=c2-c1, d=d2-d1
First reflective balzed grating, and the direction of glittering of the second reflective balzed grating, are set so that there is relation between a, b, c and d: a=b=(-c)=(-d).
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back: arrange described first reflective balzed grating, and the second reflective balzed grating, is the identity unit that first-order diffraction efficiency is not less than 80%.
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back: arranges polarization spectroscope and P light is had to the reflection efficiency being not less than 85%；S light is had to the efficiency of transmission being not less than 85%.
The present invention lies also in based on the construction features of the reflective Sagnac interference element of light path of turning back: arranges interference pattern receiving plane and is on the focal plane of described imaging optical system.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that:
1, the present invention with same light beam as light source, utilize the reflective Sagnac interference structure that polarization spectroscope, reflective balzed grating, half-wave plate, general sieve prism, polaroid, imaging optical system form, incident beam is divided into the light beam along four different directions vibrations, utilize polaroid analyzing, eventually pass through to be formed on interference imaging face after imaging system and interfere, fully meet that beam frequencies is identical, the technology requirement of white light polarized interferometer that the poor direction of vibration becoming a definite proportion and light beam with wavelength of beam phase is identical or contrary；
2, device used by the present invention is few, compact conformation, and installation accuracy requires low, and its small product size is little, lightweight, throughput is high, is especially suitable for remote sensing equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram；
Number in the figure: 11 first reflective balzed grating,s, 10 polarization spectroscopes, 12 second reflective balzed grating,s, 2 half-wave plates, 30 general sieve prisms, 31 reflecting mirrors, 4 polaroids, 5 imaging optical systems, 6 interference pattern receiving planes.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back is to obtain interference pattern on interference pattern receiving plane 6 for parallel incident beam；The version arranging interference element is: constituted interference unit by the first reflective balzed grating, 11, polarization spectroscope 10 and the second reflective balzed grating, 12.
Parallel incident beam is the orthogonal two bunch polarized light in polarization direction through polarization spectroscope 10 beam splitting, is the first light beam reflected to form and the second light beam of transmission formation respectively.
First light beam under the effect of interference unit through polarization spectroscope 10 reflect to form along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction propagate first light beam first time emergent light A11；Second light beam is formed along the second light beam first time emergent light A12 propagated with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction under the effect of interference unit through the transmission of polarization spectroscope 10.
First light beam first time emergent light A11 and the second light beam first time emergent light A12 invests the reflection light beam of polarization spectroscope 10 respectively through being formed along the direction vertical with incident beam after half-wave plate 2 in general sieve prism 30；Reflection light beam enters interference unit through polarization spectroscope 10 again, after the effect again of interference unit, is exporting four bundle collimated light beams by the polarization spectroscope 10 in interference unit；Four bundle collimated light beams are respectively: by the first light beam first time emergent light A11 through polarization direction orthogonal first emergent light B11 and the second emergent light B12 that interference unit is formed；By the second light beam first time emergent light A21 through orthogonal 3rd emergent light B21 and the four emergent light B22 in polarization direction that interference unit is formed；Four bundle collimated light beams are reflected the reflection of mirror 31 respectively, and project on interference pattern receiving plane 6 through polaroid 4 and imaging optical system 5 successively respectively, form interference pattern.
Shown in Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the action principle of interference unit is: the first light beam propagates formation the first light beam first time emergent light A11 along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction successively after the reflection of first reflective balzed grating, the 11, second reflective balzed grating, 12 and polarization spectroscope 10；Second light beam, successively through the reflection of the second reflective balzed grating, 12 and the first reflective balzed grating, 11, propagates formation the second light beam first time emergent light A11 then through after the transmission of polarization spectroscope 10 along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction.
The parallel incident beam formed by preposition optical system is the orthogonal two bunch polarized light in polarization direction by polarization spectroscope 10 beam splitting, i.e. the first light beam and the second light beam；Wherein, the first light beam arrives the first reflective balzed grating, 11 and the second reflective balzed grating, 12 successively；Glints effect due to balzed grating, first light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, 11 and the angle of emergence are also unequal, angle of incidence and the angle of emergence on the second reflective balzed grating, 12 are also unequal, first light beam through the biasing of twice balzed grating, reflects to form the first light beam first time emergent light A11 then through polarization spectroscope 10.Equally, the second light beam arrives the second reflective balzed grating, 12 and the first reflective balzed grating, 11 successively；Angle of incidence and the angle of emergence on the second reflective balzed grating, 12 are unequal, angle of incidence and the angle of emergence on the first reflective balzed grating, 11 are also unequal, through the biasing of twice balzed grating, reflect to form the second light beam first time emergent light A12 then through polarization spectroscope 10.
First light beam first time emergent light A11 and the second light beam first time emergent light A12 rotates 45 ° in same direction through half-wave plate 2 rear polarizer direction, then through returning in interference unit after general sieve prismatic reflection, again pass by the effect of interference unit, form the polarized light that four bundles are parallel to each other；Twice mechanism of interference unit is identical so that the polarization direction of the first emergent light B11 and the four emergent light B22 is identical, and the polarization direction of the second emergent light B12 and the three emergent light 21 is identical；
In being embodied as, corresponding structure arranges and also includes:
Polarization direction in order to ensure four bundle collimated light beams is identical, arranging first light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, 11 is 22.5 °, second light beam angle of incidence on the second reflective balzed grating, 12 is 22.5 °, ensure there is certain distance between the first light beam first time emergent light A11 and the second light beam first time emergent light A12 with this, thus meeting interference condition, form interference fringe；The direction of advance of the fast axle and incident beam A that arrange half-wave plate 2 becomes 22.5 ° of angles, so that light beam rotates 45 ° by polarization direction after half-wave plate 2；Light transmission shaft and the four bundle collimated light beam angles all at 45 ° of polaroid 4 are set, after four bundle collimated light beams are reflected the reflection of mirror 31 respectively, polaroid 4 is changed into polarization direction consistent, again through imaging optical system 5, interference pattern receiving plane 6 obtains interference pattern, by processing, for the corresponding of interference pattern, the polarization state information that the parallel entrance beam formed by preposition optical system can be obtained；The direction of advance angle at 45 ° of general sieve prism 30 and incident beam is set, so that reflection light beam rotates 45 ° when returning interference unit with the incident beam of general sieve prism 30, forms four interfasciculars from equal polarized light with this.
About the setting of the first reflective balzed grating, 11 and the direction of glittering of the second reflective balzed grating, 12, make:
First light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, 11 is a1, and the angle of emergence is a2；
First light beam angle of incidence on the second reflective balzed grating, 12 is b1, and the angle of emergence is b2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on the second reflective balzed grating, 12 is c1, and the angle of emergence is c2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, 11 is d1, and the angle of emergence is d2；
And make: a=a2-a1, b=b2-b1, c=c2-c1, d=d2-d1
The direction of glittering of the first reflective balzed grating, 11 and the second reflective balzed grating, 12 is set so that there is relation between a, b, c and d: a=b=(-c)=(-d).
A=b is set so that the first light beam is cancelled out each other at blaze angle produced after twice balzed grating, and makes light-beam position offset；Equally, c=d is set, second light beam is cancelled out each other at blaze angle produced after twice balzed grating, and make light-beam position offset, a=b=(-c)=(-d) is set, then twice offset direction is contrary, so that producing a distance between the two bundle emergent lights formed with a branch of incident illumination.
In the present embodiment, the first reflective balzed grating, 11 and the second reflective balzed grating, 12 are not less than the identity unit of 80% for first-order diffraction efficiency, identity unit refers to have identical groove number, identical blaze angle and identical first-order diffraction efficiency between two gratings, and more excellent selection is that two gratings are obtained by with a piece of female grid duplication.So can ensureing that two side-play amounts that bundle emergent lights are parallel to each other and two light beams produce during outgoing formed with a branch of incident illumination are identical, it is for obtaining higher diffraction efficiency that first-order diffraction efficiency is not less than 80%, it is ensured that the brightness of interference fringe.
Polarization spectroscope 10 is set and P light is had to the reflection efficiency being not less than 85%；S light is had to the efficiency of transmission being not less than 85%, obtain higher spectroscopical effeciency with this, it is ensured that the brightness of interference fringe.
Arrange interference pattern receiving plane 6 to be on the focal plane of imaging optical system 5；To form stable interference fringe clearly, and received by CCD or other photo-sensitive cell.
The present invention can realize imaging type width spectrum polarizing and interfere, and obtaining for wide spectrum such as visible light wave range scene polarized component provides optical texture support, is mainly used in wide-band polarization interference imaging.
Claims (7)
1., based on a reflective Sagnac interference element for light path of turning back, described interference element is to obtain interference pattern for parallel incident beam on interference pattern receiving plane (6)；It is characterized in that: the version arranging described interference element is: constituted interference unit by the first reflective balzed grating, (11), polarization spectroscope (10) and the second reflective balzed grating, (12)；
Parallel incident beam is the orthogonal two bunch polarized light in polarization direction through polarization spectroscope (10) beam splitting, is the first light beam reflected to form and the second light beam of transmission formation respectively；
Described first light beam under the effect of interference unit through polarization spectroscope (10) reflect to form along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction propagate first light beam first time emergent light A11；Described second light beam is formed along the second light beam first time emergent light A12 propagated with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction under the effect of interference unit through the transmission of polarization spectroscope (10)；
Described first light beam first time emergent light A11 and the second light beam first time emergent light A12 invests the reflection light beam of polarization spectroscope (10) respectively through being formed along the direction vertical with incident beam after half-wave plate (2) in general sieve prism (30)；Described reflection light beam enters interference unit through polarization spectroscope (10) again, after the effect again of described interference unit, is exporting four bundle collimated light beams by the polarization spectroscope (10) in interference unit；Described four bundle collimated light beams are respectively: by the first light beam first time emergent light A11 through polarization direction orthogonal first emergent light B11 and the second emergent light B12 that interference unit is formed；By the second light beam first time emergent light A21 through orthogonal 3rd emergent light B21 and the four emergent light B22 in polarization direction that interference unit is formed；Described four bundle collimated light beams are reflected the reflection of mirror (31) respectively, and project on interference pattern receiving plane (6) through polaroid (4) and imaging optical system (5) successively respectively, form interference pattern.
2. the reflective sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first light beam propagates formation the first light beam first time emergent light A11 along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction successively after the reflection of the first reflective balzed grating, (11), the second reflective balzed grating, (12) and polarization spectroscope (10)；Described second light beam, successively through the reflection of the second reflective balzed grating, (12) and the first reflective balzed grating, (11), propagates formation the second light beam first time emergent light A12 then through after the transmission of polarization spectroscope (10) along with incident beam mutually orthogonal direction.
3. the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that: arranging described first light beam angle of incidence on the first reflective balzed grating, (11) is 22.5 °；Second light beam angle of incidence on the second reflective balzed grating, (12) is 22.5 °；The direction of advance of the fast axle and incident beam A that arrange half-wave plate (2) becomes 22.5 ° of angles；Light transmission shaft and the four bundle collimated light beam angles all at 45 ° of polaroid (4) are set；The direction of advance angle at 45 ° of general sieve prism (30) and incident beam is set.
4. the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Order:
First light beam angle of incidence on described first reflective balzed grating, (11) is a1, and the angle of emergence is a2；
First light beam angle of incidence on described second reflective balzed grating, (12) is b1, and the angle of emergence is b2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on described second reflective balzed grating, (12) is c1, and the angle of emergence is c2；
Second light beam angle of incidence on described first reflective balzed grating, (11) is d1, and the angle of emergence is d2；
And make: a=a2-a1, b=b2-b1, c=c2-c1, d=d2-d1
First reflective balzed grating, (11) and the direction of glittering of the second reflective balzed grating, (12) are set so that there is relation between a, b, c and d: a=b=(-c)=(-d).
5. the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first reflective balzed grating, (11) is set and the second reflective balzed grating, (12) be not less than for first-order diffraction efficiency 80% identity unit.
6. the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that: arrange polarization spectroscope (10) and P light is had to the reflection efficiency being not less than 85%；S light is had to the efficiency of transmission being not less than 85%.
7. the reflective Sagnac interference element based on light path of turning back according to claim 1, is characterized in that: arrange interference pattern receiving plane (6) and be on the focal plane of described imaging optical system (5).
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| US5233460A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-03 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method and means for reducing speckle in coherent laser pulses |
| JP2000214412A (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-04 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Method and device for displaying stereoscopic picture and recording medium recording its control method |
| CN1673721A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-09-28 | 华东师范大学 | Collinear time resolution sagnac interferometer |
| CN103063304A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 南京理工大学 | Chromatic dispersion shear image surface interference hyper spectrum imaging device and method |
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