CN105719667A - 使用可变尺寸交错写入磁道段的数据存储设备 - Google Patents
使用可变尺寸交错写入磁道段的数据存储设备 Download PDFInfo
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- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
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- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1866—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by interleaving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
- G11B5/59627—Aligning for runout, eccentricity or offset compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1833—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information
- G11B2020/1853—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information using a product code which has inner and outer parity symbols
Abstract
本申请涉及使用可变尺寸交错写入磁道段的数据存储设备。本申请公开一种数据存储设备,其包括在包含多个数据磁道的磁盘上方被致动的磁头。数据被编码成第一数量的码字,并且第一数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第一段。数据被编码成第二数量的码字,并且第二数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第二段。第一数量的码字不同于第二数量的码字,并且第一段的尺寸不同于第二段的尺寸。
Description
背景技术
数据存储设备诸如磁盘驱动器包括磁盘和连接到致动器臂远端的磁头,所述致动器臂通过音圈马达(VCM)绕枢轴转动以在磁盘上方径向定位磁头。磁盘包括多个径向间隔的同心磁道,用于记录用户数据扇区和伺服扇区。伺服扇区包括磁头定位信息(例如,磁道地址),所述磁头定位信息由磁头读取并且由伺服控制系统处理以便当致动器臂逐个磁道寻址时控制致动器臂。
图1示出包括数个伺服磁道4的现有技术的磁盘格式2,所述伺服磁道4由围绕每个伺服磁道的圆周记录的伺服扇区60-6N定义。每个伺服扇区6i包括用于存储周期模式的前导码8以及用于存储特殊模式的同步标记10,该前导码8允许读取信号的适当增益调整和定时同步,该同步标记10被用于符号同步到伺服数据字段12。伺服数据字段12存储粗略的磁头定位信息,例如伺服磁道地址,用于在寻道操作期间将磁头定位在目标数据磁道上方。每个伺服扇区6i进一步包括伺服脉冲串组14(例如,N个和Q个伺服脉冲串),其以相对于彼此和相对于伺服磁道中心线的预定相位来记录。基于相位的伺服脉冲串14提供精细磁头位置信息,用于在写入/读取操作期间进行中心线跟踪且同时访问数据磁道。位置误差信号(PES)通过读取伺服脉冲串14产生,其中PES表示磁头相对于目标伺服磁道的中心线的测量位置。伺服控制器处理PES以生成被施加到磁头致动器(例如,音圈马达)的控制信号,以便在减小PES的方向上在磁盘上方径向致动磁头。
附图说明
图1示出包括由伺服扇区限定的伺服磁道的现有技术磁盘格式。
图2A根据一个实施例示出磁盘驱动器形式的数据存储设备,其包括在包含多个数据磁道的磁盘上方被致动的磁头。
图2B是根据一个实施例的流程图,其中第一数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第一段并且第二数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第二段,其中第一段的尺寸/大小(size)不同于第二段的尺寸。
图2C示出一个实施例,其中第一段被交错写入M个码字并且第二段被交错写入M-1个码字。
图3A-3E根据一个实施例示出交错(interleave)写入操作和去交错(de-interleave)读取操作。
图4A示出用于交错写入数据磁道的多个段(L_sector)的现有技术,其中由于数据磁道中的扇区的数量是L_sector尺寸的非整数倍数,因此数据磁道的最后一个L_sector作为部分L_sector被写入。
图4B示出一个实施例,其中数据磁道被写入两个不同尺寸的L_sector以便整数数目的L_sector可以被写入到数据磁道。
图5根据一个实施例示出用于计算被写入到数据磁道的L_sector的尺寸和数量的方程。
具体实施方式
图2A根据一个实施例示出磁盘驱动器形式的数据存储设备,其包括在包含多个数据磁道20的磁盘18上方被致动的磁头16。该磁盘驱动器进一步包括被配置为执行图2B的流程图的控制电路22,其中数据被编码成第一数量的码字(方框24)并且第一数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第一段(方框26)。数据被编码成第二数量的码字(方框28),并且第二数量的码字被交错写入第一数据磁道的第二段(方框30)。第一数量的码字不同于第二数量的码字,并且第一段的尺寸/大小(size)不同于第二段的尺寸。例如,在图2C示出的实施例中,第一段32可以被交错写入M个交错码字,并且第二段34可以被交错写入M-1个交错码字。虽然图2C中所示的数据磁道包括两个段,但是数据磁道可以包括具有任何合适尺寸并且在数据磁道中以任何合适方式排序的任何合适数量的段。
在图2A的实施例中,磁盘18包括由伺服扇区360-36N定义的多个伺服磁道,其中数据磁道20相对于伺服磁道以相同或不同的径向密度来定义。控制电路22处理从磁头16传出的读取信号38,以解调伺服扇区360-36N并且生成表示磁头的实际位置与相对于目标磁道的目标位置之间的误差的位置误差信号(PES)。控制电路22使用合适的补偿滤波器对PES进行滤波,以产生施加到音圈马达(VCM)42的控制信号40,所述音圈马达围绕枢轴旋转致动器臂44,以便在减小PES的方向上在磁盘18上方径向致动磁头16。伺服扇区360-36N可以包括任何合适的磁头位置信息,诸如用于粗略定位的磁道地址和用于精细定位的伺服脉冲串。伺服脉冲串可以包括任何合适的模式,诸如基于振幅的伺服模式或基于相位的伺服模式。
在一个实施例中,每个数据磁道20包括多个数据扇区,并且每个交错写入段包括多个数据扇区。此外,在本实施例中,每个数据扇区能够存储完整的码字;但是,每个数据扇区被交错写入以存储多个码字的子部分。该实施例的示例在图3A-3E中示出,其中在该示例中交错写入段包括两个数据扇区。参照图3A和图3B,第一数据被编码成第一码字并且第二数据被编码成第二码字。码字被划分成任何合适尺寸的子部分,并且所述子部分被交错写入所述段的第一扇区和第二扇区,如图3C所示。在读取操作期间,码字的子部分被从数据扇区中读出并且被去交错为对应的检测码字,如图3D所示。然后,检测码字被解码成其对应的解码码字,所述解码码字表示最初记录的数据,如图3E所示。以这种方式,当数据磁道中的数据扇区包括长缺陷时,如果未超出任何单个码字的校正功率,则每个码字在读取操作期间仍然可以是可恢复的。
图2C所示的每个段可以包括任何适当数量的数据扇区。例如,在下面描述的实施例中,图2C的第一段32可以包括16个数据扇区,并且因此存储16个交错写入的码字。该实施例可以通过扩展数据磁道中的一个或多个长缺陷超过16个码字而进一步增加总校正功率。在一个实施例中,每个段具有目标尺寸或理想尺寸(例如,16个数据扇区),其中至少一个段的段尺寸从目标尺寸减小,以保证每个数据磁道存储整数数量的段。
图4A示出用于交错写入数据磁道的段(称作L_sector)的现有技术,其中每个L_sector具有同一尺寸(在该示例中为16个数据扇区)。该示例中的数据磁道包括124个数据扇区(Nsect=124)并且因此能够存储7个完整的L_sector(7×16=112)加上在数据磁道的末端处的部分L_sector(124-112=12个数据扇区)。在该示例中,最后一个L_sector的最后4个数据扇区可能被写入下一个数据磁道,这是不希望的。
图4B示出通过将不同尺寸的段(不同尺寸L_sector)写入数据磁道来避免如图4A所示将部分L_sector写入数据磁道的实施例。在图4B的示例中,包括124个数据扇区的数据磁道被配置为存储4个第一尺寸的L_sector(每个存储16个数据扇区)和4个第二尺寸的L_sector(每个存储15个数据扇区)。以此方式,数据磁道被配置为存储整数数量的L_sector(4×16+4×15=124)。在一个实施例中,有可能配置数据磁道来存储NL0个第一尺寸的L_sector(具有尺寸为L0的数据扇区)并且存储NL1个第二尺寸的L_sector(具尺寸为L1的数据扇区),其中L1=L0-1。在图4B的示例中,L0=16并且L1=15;然而,使用图5所示的方程,有可能配置数据磁道使得L1=L0-1而与L0的尺寸无关。在图5的方程中,Ltarg表示第一段的目标(或理想)尺寸(即目标尺寸L0)。L0的实际尺寸取决于数据磁道的数据扇区(无缺陷的数据扇区)的数量Nsect。图5的方程利用下舍入到最接近的整数的向下取整算子和上舍入到最接近的整数的向上取整算子
在一个实施例中,控制电路22被配置为当基于参数Ltarg和Nsect(其为每个数据磁道的已知的先验知识)执行写入命令时,使用图5的方程计算运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。也就是说,在对目标数据磁道执行写入命令之前,段(L_sector)的数量和尺寸被配置为针对目标数据磁道是在运行中的。类似地,在一个实施例中,控制电路被配置为当基于目标数据磁道的参数Ltarg和Nsect执行写入命令时计算运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。以此方式,控制电路22仅需要存储每个数据磁道的参数Ltarg和Nsect,以便为每个数据磁道配置写入操作以及读取操作,即使每个数据磁道可能被配置为存储特定数量和尺寸的段(L_sector)。
任何合适的控制电路可以被用于实现上述实施例中的流程图,例如,任何合适的集成电路或多个集成电路。例如,控制电路可以在读取通道集成电路内或者在与读取通道分离的组件(诸如磁盘控制器)中实现,或者以上描述的某些操作可以由读取通道执行并且其他操作可以由磁盘控制器执行。在一个实施例中,读取通道和磁盘控制器被实现为单独的集成电路,并且在替代实施例中它们被制造成单个集成电路或片上系统(SOC)。此外,控制电路可以包括实现为单独的集成电路、集成到读取通道或磁盘控制器电路中或集成到SOC中的适当前置放大器电路。
在一个实施例中,控制电路包括执行指令的微处理器,所述指令是可操作的以促使微处理器执行本文所描述的流程图。指令可以存储在任何计算机可读介质中。在一个实施例中,它们可以被存储在非易失性半导体存储器中,该非易失性半导体存储器处于微处理器外部或与微处理器集成在SOC中。在另一实施例中,指令被存储在磁盘上并且当磁盘驱动器加电时被读入到易失性半导体存储器中。在又一实施例中,控制电路包括适当的逻辑电路,诸如状态机电路。
在各种实施例中,磁盘驱动器可以包括磁性磁盘驱动器、光盘驱动器等。此外,尽管上述的例子涉及磁盘驱动器,但各种实施例不限于磁盘驱动器并且可以被应用于其它数据存储设备和系统,诸如磁带驱动器、固态驱动器、混合驱动器等。此外,一些实施例可以包括含有如上所述的存储介质和/或控制电路的电子设备,诸如计算设备、数据服务器设备、媒体内容存储设备等。
以上描述的各种特征和过程可以彼此独立地使用或以各种方式进行组合。所有可能的组合和子组合旨在落入本公开的范围之内。此外,某些方法、事件或过程块可以在一些实施方式中被省略。本文描述的方法和过程也不限于任何特定顺序,并且与其相关的方框或状态可以以其他适当的顺序执行。例如,所描述的任务或事件可以以不同于具体公开的顺序执行,或者多个任务或事件可以被组合在单个块或状态中。示例任务或事件可以以串行、并行或某些其他方式执行。任务或事件可以添加到示例实施例或从公开的示例实施例删除。本文描述的示例系统和组件可以被配置为不同于所描述的形式。例如,元件可以被添加到公开的示例实施例、从公开的示例实施例移除或相比于公开的示例实施例被重新布置。
虽然已经描述了某些示例实施例,但是这些实施例仅以举例的方式呈现,并且不旨在限制本文所公开的发明的范围。因此,前面描述中的内容均不旨在暗示任何特定的特征、特性、步骤、模块或块是必需的或不可缺少的。事实上,本文所描述的新颖的方法和系统可以以其他各种形式体现;此外,可以对本文所描述的方法和系统的形式进行各种省略、替代和改变,而不背离本文所公开的实施例的精神。
Claims (14)
1.一种数据存储设备,其包括:
磁盘,其包括多个数据磁道;
磁头;和
控制电路,其被配置为:
将数据编码成第一数量的码字;
将所述第一数量的码字交错写入第一数据磁道的第一段;
将数据编码成第二数量的码字;以及
将所述第二数量码字交错写入所述第一数据磁道的第二段;
其中所述第一数量不同于所述第二数量并且所述第一段的尺寸不同于所述第二段的尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的数据存储设备,其中:
所述第一数据磁道包括整数数量Nsect个数据扇区;
所述第一段包括第一整数L0个所述数据扇区;以及
所述第二段包括第二整数L1个所述数据扇区。
3.根据权利要求2所述的数据存储设备,其中所述第二段包括比所述第一段少一个的数据扇区。
4.根据权利要求3所述的数据存储设备,其中所述控制电路进一步被配置为根据下式计算L0:
其中Ltarg表示所述第一段的数据扇区的目标数量。
5.根据权利要求4所述的数据存储设备,其中所述第一数据磁道包括整数NL0个所述第一段和整数NL1个所述第二段,其中:
6.根据权利要求5所述的数据存储设备,其中所述控制电路被进一步配置为计算当执行写入命令时运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的数据存储设备,其中所述控制电路被进一步配置为计算当执行读取命令时运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。
8.一种操作数据存储设备的方法,所述方法包括:
将数据编码成第一数量的码字;
将所述第一数量的码字交错写入磁盘上的第一数据磁道的第一段;
将数据编码成第二数量的码字;以及
将所述第二数量的码字交错写入所述磁盘上的所述第一数据磁道的第二段;
其中所述第一数量不同于所述第二数量并且所述第一段的尺寸不同于所述第二段的尺寸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中:
所述第一数据磁道包括整数数量Nsect个数据扇区;
所述第一段包括第一整数L0个所述数据扇区;以及
所述第二段包括第二整数L1个所述数据扇区。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述第二段包括比所述第一段少一个的数据扇区。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,进一步包括根据下式计算L0:
其中Ltarg表示所述第一段的数据扇区的目标数量。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一数据磁道包括整数NL0个所述第一段和整数NL1个所述第二段,其中:
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括计算当执行写入命令时运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括计算当执行读取命令时运行中的L0、NL0和NL1。
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