CN105981225A - 准光耦合器 - Google Patents

准光耦合器 Download PDF

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CN105981225A
CN105981225A CN201480067035.5A CN201480067035A CN105981225A CN 105981225 A CN105981225 A CN 105981225A CN 201480067035 A CN201480067035 A CN 201480067035A CN 105981225 A CN105981225 A CN 105981225A
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transmission
wire
reflector
emitter
wave
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P·S·亨利
D·J·巴尼克尔
F·巴泽加尔
R·贝奈特
I·吉尔斯伯格
T·M·威利斯三世
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AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/801—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections
    • H04B10/802—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections for isolation, e.g. using optocouplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/26—Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/52—Systems for transmission between fixed stations via waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5483—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits

Abstract

准光耦合系统从导线发射表面波通信传输并从导线提取表面波通信传输。以与装置的宏观尺寸相比波长较小的毫米波频率，毫米波传输可从一个地方被传送到另一个地方，并且可经由透镜和反射器被转向，非常像可见光。发射器和接收器可被布置在电话线和电力线附近，并且放置在线缆上或附近的反射器可以把传输反射到线缆上或者反射离开线缆。发射器上的透镜被聚焦，并且反射器被布置以使反射的传输是线缆的表面上的导波。反射器可以是偏振敏感的，其中基于导波模式的偏振以及反射器的偏振和定向，可以使一组导波模式中的一种或多种导波模式反射离开导线。

Description

准光耦合器
相关申请的交叉引用
本主题申请要求2013年12月10日递交的题为“QUASI-OPTICALCOUPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/101567的优先权，其整体通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本主题公开涉及无线通信，例如，涉及利用毫米波长表面波通信来提供与基站和分布式天线的连接。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其它便携式设备变得日益随处可见，并且数据使用猛涨，宏小区基站和现有无线基础设施难以承受。为了提供另外的移动带宽，正在进行小小区部署，同时微小区和微微小区为比传统宏小区小得多的区域提供覆盖，但是代价较高。
附图说明
图1是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的表面波通信系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图2是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的准光发射器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图3是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的准光接收器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图4是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向准光发射器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图5是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的准光中继器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图6是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的准光耦合系统中的反射器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图7是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的偏振敏感准光耦合系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图8例示用于利用如本文中描述的准光耦合器传送传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图9例示利用如本文中描述的准光耦合器接收传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图10是按照本文中描述的各个方面的计算环境的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图11是按照本文中描述的各个方面的移动网络平台的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一个或多个实施例，在附图中相同的附图标记自始至终用来指相同的元件。在下面的描述中，为了解释起见，阐述了许多具体细节，以便提供对各个实施例的透彻理解。然而，显然可在没有这些具体细节(以及不应用于任何特定的网络化环境或标准)的情况下实践各个实施例。
为了提供与另外的基站的网络连接，把微小区和宏小区链接到核心网络的回程网络对应地扩展。类似地，为了提供与分布式天线系统的网络连接，把基站和其分布式天线链接的通信系统对应地扩展。可以提供一种表面波通信系统，以使得能够增加网络连接，并且可以提供一种准光耦合系统，以在导线上发送和接收表面波通信。
由于这些考虑以及其它考虑，在一个或多个实施例中，一种装置包括发出传输的发射器，其中传输的波长对应于毫米波段。所述装置还包括反射器，所述反射器相对于导线而布置，以使所述反射器沿着基本上平行于导线的方向反射所述传输，从而产生反射的传输，其中反射的传输是基于导线的表面引导的导波。
在另一个实施例中，一种装置包括反射器，所述反射器相对于导线而布置，以使反射器将进入的传输反射离开导线，其中进入的传输是沿基本上平行于导线的方向行进的基于导线的表面引导的导波。所述装置还包括接收进入的传输的接收器，其中进入的传输的波长对应于毫米波段。
在另一个实施例中，一种方法包括通过传输设备朝着在导线附近的反射器的第一侧发出传输，其中所述传输包含对应于毫米波段的波长。所述方法还包括沿基本上平行于导线的方向反射所述传输，结果产生反射的传输，其中反射的传输是在导线的表面上的导波。
本文中描述的各个实施例涉及一种用于从导线发射表面波通信传输并从导线提取表面波通信传输的准光耦合系统。以与装备的宏观尺寸相比波长较小的毫米波频率，毫米波传输可从一个地方被传送到另一个地方，并且可经由透镜和反射器被转向，非常像可见光。发射器和接收器可被布置在电话线和电力线附近，并且布置在线缆上或附近的反射器可以把传输反射到线缆上，或者反射离开线缆。发射器上的透镜被聚焦，并且反射器被布置以使反射的传输变成线缆的表面上的导波。反射器可以是偏振敏感的，其中基于导波模式的偏振以及反射器的偏振和定向，可以使一组导波模式中的一种或多种导波模式反射离开导线。
现在参见图1，示出了例示表面波通信系统100的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。表面波通信系统100描绘了其中可以使用准光耦合系统的示例性环境。
表面波通信系统100可以是包括一个或多个基站(例如，基站设备104)的分布式天线系统，所述一个或多个基站通信地耦接到宏小区站点102或其它网络连接。基站设备104可通过光纤和/或线缆或者通过微波无线连接，连接到宏小区站点102。诸如宏小区站点102之类的宏小区可具有与移动网络的专用连接，并且基站设备104可借用宏小区站点102的连接。基站设备104可以安装在电线杆116上或者附接至电线杆116。在其它实施例中，基站设备104可以在变压器附近和/或位于电力线附近的其它位置。
基站设备104可以便利移动设备122和124与移动网络的连接。安装在电线杆118和120之上或附近的天线112和114可以从基站设备104接收信号，并把这些信号传送给与如果天线112和114位于基站设备104处或附近相比范围宽得多的区域内的移动设备122和124。
要理解为了简单起见，图1显示了带有一个基站设备的三根电线杆。在其它实施例中，电线杆116可具有更多的基站设备，并且具有分布式天线的一根或更多根电线杆也是可能的。
准光耦合设备106可以通过连接电线杆116、118和120的电力线，把信号从基站设备104传送给天线112和114。为了传送信号，无线电来源和/或耦合器106(经由混频)把来自基站设备104的信号上变频成毫米波段信号，并且准光耦合设备106(经由图2、图4和图5中所示的实施例)发射毫米波段表面波，所述毫米波段表面波作为沿着导线行进的导波而传播。在电线杆118处，另一个准光耦合设备108接收表面波(例如，图3)，并且可以放大所述表面波，以及在电力线上转发该表面波。准光耦合设备108还可以从毫米波段表面波提取信号，并把所述信号下变频到其原始蜂窝波段频率(例如，1.9GHz或其它蜂窝频率)。天线112可把下变频的信号传送给移动设备122。准光耦合设备110、天线114和移动设备124可以重复该处理。
来自移动设备122和124的传输也可分别由天线112和114接收。在准光耦合设备108和110上的中继器可以把蜂窝波段信号上变频到毫米波段，并通过电力线把所述信号作为表面波传输传送给基站设备104。
在实施例中，系统100可采用分集路径，其中两条或更多条导线在电线杆116、118和120之间排成一行，并且来自基站104的冗余传输作为在导线的表面下的导波被传送。导线可以是绝缘的和非绝缘的两种，并且取决于导致传输损耗的环境条件，耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或非绝缘的导线接收信号。所述选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量结果，或者基于确定的天气/环境条件(例如，湿度检测器、天气预报等)。
要理解图1中的准光耦合设备106、108和110的使用是示例性的，并且要理解在其它实施例中，其它使用也是可能的。例如，准光耦合设备可以用在回程通信系统中，从而提供与基站的网络连接。在期望通过绝缘或非绝缘的导线传送表面波通信的任何情况下，都可使用准光耦合设备。归因于与导线的有限接触，准光耦合设备比其它耦合设备有改进。通常，当利用介质或高压电力线缆工作时，需要经专门训练的技术员，不过利用准光耦合设备，装置位于远离导线之处，从而允许廉价且容易的安装。
现在转至图2，示出了按照本文中描述的各个方面的准光发射器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统200包括发射器202，发射器202生成并发出在毫米波段中的传输。由发射器202生成的传输可以基于从基站设备104或移动设备122或124接收的信号。透镜204可把毫米波传输朝着反射器208聚焦，反射器208被布置以使反射的传输沿着基本上平行于导线206的方向行进。反射的传输随后作为沿着导线206行进的导波传播。导波或者表面波将保持平行于导线206，即使当导线206弯曲和变弯时。弯曲会增加传输损耗，传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。
在实施例中，布置发射器202并且聚焦透镜204，以使发出的传输被聚焦到反射器208和导线206相遇之处。焦点(即，光束腰)可以大于导线206的直径，但是当传输被反射时，反射的传输沿基本上平行于导线206的方向传播，从而发射表面波210。
要理解词语“平行”是本领域的数学术语，意味着平行线是在任何点都不会相交或接触的平面中的线。归因于各种电的、机械的或其它干扰力，作为数学概念的术语“平行”在真实系统中通常不可实现。在此公开中，按照包含平行的数学定义以及从出于实际目的或意图已经实现了平行特性的与平行的微小偏离的方式，使用平行和基本上平行。
透镜204可以是介质透镜(例如，Luneburg透镜)。发射器202可以是具有照射透镜204的馈送(feed)的毫米波单片集成电路。
在实施例中，由发射器202发出的传输可表现出一种或多种波导模式。波导模式可取决于波导的形状和/或设计。在通过反射器208反射之后，所述一种或多种波导模式可耦合到表面导波210的一种或多种表面波模式。归因于波导和导线的不同特性，表面波模式可不同于波导模式。例如，表面波模式可包括基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00)，其中只有很小的电场和/或磁场沿着传播的方向延伸，并且所述场径向向外延伸。在中空的波导内，不存在这种表面波模式。因此，发射器202所使用的波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合到导线206的表面波模式的波导模式。
要理解在图2中，利用三个圆形符号示出表面导波210。这些符号用来代表一般表面波，而不暗示表面波210是圆偏振的，或是以其它方式圆定向的。事实上，表面波210可包括其中场径向向外延伸的基本TEM模式，并且还包括其它更高级别的模式。
在实施例中，传输的波长在尺寸方面与导线206的圆周相当，或者小于导线206的圆周。在示例中，如果导线206具有0.5cm的直径，以及约1.5cm的对应的圆周，那么传输的波长约为1.5cm或更小，对应于20GHz或更大的频率。在另一个实施例中，传输和载波信号的理想频率约为38GHz。在实验结果中，当导线206的圆周在尺寸方面与传输的波长相当，或者大于传输的波长时，表面波210表现出多种表面波模式。因此，表面波210可包含多于一种类型的电场和磁场构造。当表面波210沿着导线206向下传播时，从导线206的一端到另一端，所述多种电场和磁场构造将保持相同。
现在转至图3，例示了准光接收器系统300的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。准光接收器系统300包括接收器302，接收器302接收从布置在导线306之上或附近的反射器308反射的传输。从反射器308反射的传输可来自在被反射器308反射之前沿着导线306行进的导波表面波310。透镜304可把反射的传输聚焦到与接收器302相关联的波导馈送中。
表面波310可以是由发射器传送的导波(如图2中所示)，并且表面波310可表现出与导线上的表面波相关联的一种或多种模式。在通过反射器308反射之后，所述一种或多种表面波模式可耦合到取决于接收器302中的波导馈送的设计和构造的一种或多种波导模式。归因于导线和波导的不同特性，波导模式可不同于表面波模式。
表面波310的示例性表面波模式可以是基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00)，其中只有小电场和磁场沿着传播的方向延伸，并且所述场径向向外延伸。该模式图样关于导线306的纵轴对称。如果模式图样对称，那么在导线306周围按哪个定向相对于彼此放置反射器308和接收器302无关紧要。然而，按照实验结果，当导线306的圆周在尺寸方面与传输的波长相当或者大于传输的波长时，表现出多模式行为，并且现有的模式中的至少一种模式是不对称的，因为当相对于发起传输的发射器绕导线306转动接收器302和反射器308时经历了周期性零点。
现在转至图4，例示了双向准光发射器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统400包括两个发射器408和406，所述两个发射器408和406生成并发出在毫米波段中的传输。由发射器406和408生成的传输可以基于从基站或移动设备(例如，基站设备104或移动设备122或124)接收的信号。来自发射器406和408的传输在反射器404上反射，并且分别作为表面波传输412和410在相反方向上沿着导线402向下传播。
在实施例中，反射器404的两侧的表面都是反射性的，从而允许单个反射器与布置在导线402的相反和/或相对侧的发射器406和408一起使用。在其它实施例中，可以使用并布置多个反射器，以使发射器406和408可相对于彼此按许多不同的位置和定向放置。在示例性的实施例中，反射器404可以基本上是“V”形或类似的形状，所述形状允许发射器406和408可被彼此相邻地放置，并按照如下方式被定向：由发射器406和408生成的传输在反射器404上被反射，以使表面波传输410和412在导线402的相反部分上沿着相反方向行进。
在备选实施例中，发射器406和408还可包括接收器，并被构造成接收由反射器404反射离开导线402的表面波传输。反射的传输可以被透镜聚焦到与接收器/发射器406和408相关联的波导馈送上。
现在转至图5，例示了准光中继器系统500的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。中继器系统500包括接收表面波传输510的发射器506和接收器508，并沿着导线502作为表面波传输512重传。
在实施例中，表面波510可沿着导线502传播，并由反射器504朝着接收器508反射离开导线。接收器508随后可经由通信链路514把所述传输传送给发射器506。发射器506基于由接收器508接收的传输生成另一个传输。该新的传输可被朝着反射器504发出，以使反射的传输在方向上基本上平行于导线502，并且作为导波表面波传输512传播。
在接收器508和发射器506之间，沿着链路514，信号可被放大以校正信号损耗和与表面波通信相关联的其它无效率。在实施例中，信号可从所述传输中被提取并且被处理，并且以其他方式经由天线112和114向移动设备122和124发出。类似地，由天线112和114从移动设备122和124接收的信号和/或通信可被插入到由发射器506生成的传输中。因而，图5中描绘的中继器系统500在功能上可与图1中的准光耦合设备108和110相当。
要理解尽管图5示出分别从左边进入并向右边退出的表面波传输510和512，但是那仅仅是简化，而非意在限制。在其它实施例中，接收器508和发射器506也可分别起发射器和接收器的作用，从而允许中继器系统500是双向的。还要理解尽管反射器504往来于接收器508和发射器506反射，但是在其它实施例中可以使用并布置多个反射器，以使接收器508和发射器506可相对于彼此按许多不同的位置和定向放置。在示例性的实施例中，反射器504可以基本上是“V”形或类似的形状，所述形状允许接收器508和发射器506被彼此相邻地放置。
现在参见图6，所描绘的是例示准光耦合系统600中的反射器604的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。反射器604基本上平行于导线或线缆608地反射由发射器(例如，发射器202)发出的传输602，以使反射的传输612作为导波表面波沿着导线/线缆608向下传播。特别地，传输602沿着导线耦合到与表面波模式相关联的导波模式614。
发射器以及发射器上的透镜(例如，透镜204)聚焦传输602，以使焦点在导线608和反射器604的交点处，如通过焦平面606所示。发射器从而把传输聚焦在导线608和反射器604的交点处，并且反射的传输基本上平行于导线608地沿着导线608传播。
当把传输602反射到表面波610中时，可能存在导致传输损耗的耦合无效率。通过确保透镜的焦平面606在反射器和导线的交点处，可以减少这些耦合无效率。通过匹配在焦平面606附近的相交区域的尺寸和导线上的模式614的尺寸也可以减少所述耦合无效率。
现在转至图7，例示了偏振敏感准光耦合系统700的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。偏振敏感准光耦合系统700包括偏振的和/或偏振敏感反射器704，偏振敏感反射器704向接收器708反射表面波传输710的偏振部分706，同时允许另一(不同地偏振的)部分712继续沿着导线702向下传播。
在实施例中，当表面波传输710沿着导线702传播时，表面波传输710可包含偏振的一个或多个导波模式。所述偏振可包含圆偏振模式以及水平和垂直偏振模式。反射器704可反射与反射器704的偏振向量平行地偏振的表面波传输710的分量或模式706。反射器704可让未与反射器704的偏振向量平行地偏振的表面波传输710的分量712穿过而没有反射。
在图7中所示的实施例中，反射器704可包括水平指入该示图内和指出该示图外地定向的直金属导线的紧密间隔阵列(不过，使反射器偏振的其它手段对于本领域的普通技术人员是已知的)。表面波传输710可具有导波模式，一种导波模式是进入该示图地定向的，而另一种导波模式是垂直偏振的。水平偏振模式与反射器704的偏振向量平行地偏振，并且因此作为反射的传输706被朝着接收器708反射。同时由于分量712未与反射器704的偏振向量平行地被偏振，因此它穿过反射器704。
以这种方式，导线的不同分量或模式可由位于表面波通信系统中的多个接收器选择性地接收。例如，参见图1，准光耦合设备108可接收表面波传输的特定分量或模式，而准光耦合设备110接收表面波传输的不同分量或模式。
在其它实施例中，可利用可以传送偏振传输的发射器替换或补充接收器708。与导线平行地被偏振(水平地偏振)的传输可被反射器704反射，并且作为表面波沿着导线702向左边传播。未被水平偏振的传输可以穿过反射器704而不被反射。
图8和图9例示与前述系统有关的处理。图8和图9中的处理例如可分别由在图2-3中例示的系统200和300实现。虽然为了说明的简单起见，所述方法被示出并描述为一系列的方框，不过要理解和理解要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制，因为一些方框可按照与本文中描绘和描述的顺序不同的顺序发生，和/或与其它方框同时发生。此外，并非所有例示的方框都是实现下面描述的方法所需的。
图8例示用于利用如本文中描述的准光耦合器传送传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。方法800可在802处开始，在802处传输设备向在导线附近的反射器的第一侧发出传输，其中所述传输包含对应于毫米波段的波长。由发射器生成的所述传输可基于从基站设备或移动设备接收的信号。透镜(介质透镜或其它透镜)可朝着反射器聚焦毫米波传输。
在804处所述传输沿着基本上平行于导线的方向被反射，结果产生反射的传输，其中所述反射的传输是在导线的表面上的导波。反射的传输随后作为沿着导线行进的导波传播。即使当导线弯曲和变弯时，导波或表面波仍将保持平行于导线。弯曲会增加传输损耗，传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。
由发射器发出的传输可表现出一种或多种波导模式。波导模式可取决于波导的形状和/或设计。在由反射器反射之后，所述一种或多种波导模式可耦合到表面导波的一种或多种表面波模式。归因于波导和导线的不同特性，表面波模式可不同于波导模式。在实验结果中，当导线的圆周在尺寸方面与传输的波长相当或者大于传输的波长时，表面波表现出多种表面波模式。因此，表面波可包含多于一种类型的电场和磁场构造。当表面波沿着导线向下传播时，从导线的一端到另一端，所述多种电场和磁场构造将基本上保持相同。
现在转至图9，例示了用于利用如本文中描述的准光耦合器接收传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。在902处，使进入的传输反射离开导线，其中进入的传输是在导线的表面上的导波。该表面波可以是由发射器传送的导波(如图2中所示)，并且表面波可表现出与导线上的表面波相关联的一种或多种模式。
在904处，进入的传输在接收器处被接收，其中进入的传输的波长对应于毫米波段。在由反射器反射之后，所述一种或多种表面波模式可耦合到取决于接收器中的波导馈送的设计和构造的一种或多种波导模式。归因于导线和波导的不同特性，波导模式可不同于表面波模式。
现在参见图10，例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的计算环境的方框图。为了提供本文中描述的实施例的各种实施例的另外的上下文，图10和下面的讨论意在提供适当计算环境1000的简要的一般描述，在适当计算环境1000中可以实现本文中描述的实施例的各种实施例。尽管上面已经在可在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般背景中描述了所述实施例，不过本领域的技术人员会认识到实施例也可与其它程序模块结合地实现，和/或被实现为硬件和软件的组合。
通常，程序模块包括进行特定任务或者实现特定的抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。此外，本领域的技术人员会理解本发明的方法可利用其它计算机系统构造来实践，包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器或者可编程的消费电子产品等等，其中的每个可以在操作上耦接到一个或多个相关联的设备。
除非以其他方式通过上下文明确，否则如权利要求中使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等只是为了清楚起见，并非以其他方式指示或暗示任何时间顺序。例如，“第一判定”、“第二判定”和“第三判定”并不指示或暗示第一判定是在第二判定之前作出的，或者反之亦然，等等。
本文中的实施例的例示实施例也可在分布式计算环境中实践，在分布式计算环境中，由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备进行特定任务。在分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程记忆存储设备两者中。
计算设备通常包括各种介质，所述各种介质可包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质，本文中如下彼此不同地使用这两个术语。计算机可读存储介质可以是可被计算机访问的任何可用存储介质，并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可拆卸和不可拆卸介质。通过示例的方式(而非限制)，计算机可读存储介质可以与用于诸如计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据之类信息的存储的任何方法或技术结合地实现。
计算机可读存储介质可包括(但不限于)随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其它存储器技术，光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储装置，磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储装置或其它磁存储设备，或者可用来存储所需信息的其它有形和/或非暂态介质。在这方面，本文中如应用于存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的术语“有形”或“非暂态”应被理解为本身作为修饰词只排除传播暂态信号，而不放弃对于并非本身仅传播暂态信号的所有标准的存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
例如，经由访问请求、查询或其它数据检索协议，一个或多个本地或远程计算设备可以为相对于由计算机可读存储介质存储的信息的各种操作访问所述介质。
通信介质通常把计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者其它结构化或非结构化数据包含在数据信号(比如调制的数据信号，例如载波或其它传送机制)中，并且包括任何信息递送或传送介质。术语“调制的数据信号”或信号指的是使其特性中的一个或多个特性按照以便把信息编码在一个或多个信号中的方式被设定或改变的信号。通过示例的方式(而非限制)，通信介质包括有线介质，比如有线网络或者直接有线连接，和无线介质(比如声学、RF、红外和其它无线介质)。
再次参见图10，用于实现本文中描述的方面的各个实施例的示例环境1000包括计算机1002，计算机1002包括处理单元1004、系统存储器1006和系统总线1008。系统总线1008把包括(但不限于)系统存储器1006的系统组件耦接到处理单元1004。处理单元1004可以是各种市售处理器中的任意一种。双微处理器和其它多处理器体系结构也可被采用作为处理单元1004。
系统总线1008可以是可利用各种市售总线体系结构进一步互连到存储总线(有或没有存储控制器)、外围总线和本地总线的几种类型的总线结构中的任意一种。系统存储器1006包括ROM 1010和RAM 1012。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可被存储在非易失性存储器(比如ROM、可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM)中，BIOS包含比如在启动期间有助于在计算机1002内的元件之间传递信息的基本例程。RAM 1012还可包括高速RAM，比如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机1002还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)1014(例如，EIDE、SATA)、软磁盘驱动器(FDD)1016(例如，为了读取或写入可拆卸磁盘1018)和光盘驱动器1020(例如，读取CD-ROM盘1022，或者为了读取或写入其它大容量光学介质(比如DVD))，所述内部硬盘驱动器1014也可被构造用于在适当的机壳(未示出)中的外部使用。硬盘驱动器1014、磁盘驱动器1016和光盘驱动器1020可分别通过硬盘驱动器接口1024、磁盘驱动器接口1026和光学驱动器接口1028连接到系统总线1008。用于外部驱动器实现的接口1024包括通用串行总线(USB)接口技术和电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)994接口技术中的至少一种或两者。其它外部驱动器连接技术在本文中描述的实施例的构思之内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性存储。对于计算机1002，驱动器和存储介质以适当的数字格式适应任意数据的存储。尽管上面的计算机可读存储介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可拆卸磁盘和可拆卸光学介质(比如CD或DVD)，不过本领域的技术人员应理解在示例操作环境中也可使用计算机可读的其它类型的存储介质，比如zip驱动器、磁带盒、闪存卡、盒式磁带等，并且此外，任何这样的存储介质可包含用于进行本文中描述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
许多程序模块可被存储在驱动器和RAM 1012中，包括操作系统1030、一个或多个应用程序1032、其它程序模块1034和程序数据1036。所有或部分的操作系统、应用、模块和/或数据也可被高速缓存在RAM1012中。本文中描述的系统和方法可以利用各种市售操作系统或者操作系统的组合来实现。
用户可以通过一种或多种有线/无线输入设备(例如，键盘1038和指示设备，比如鼠标1040)把命令和信息输入计算机1002中。其它输入设备(未示出)可包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏手柄、记录笔、触摸屏等。这些和其它输入设备通常通过可耦接到系统总线1008的输入设备接口1042连接到处理单元1004，不过可通过其它接口(比如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等)连接。
监视器1044或其它类型的显示设备也可经由诸如视频适配器1046之类的接口连接到系统总线1008。除了监视器1044之外，计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(未示出)，比如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机1002可以利用经由有线和/或无线通信与一个或多个远程计算机(比如远程计算机1048)的逻辑连接，在网络化环境中操作。远程计算机1048可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐器械、对等设备或其它公共网络节点，并且通常包括关于计算机1002描述的许多或所有元件，尽管为了简洁起见，只例示了存储器/存储装置1050。所描绘的逻辑连接包括与局域网(LAN)1052和/或更大的网络(例如，广域网(WAN)1054)的有线/无线连接。这样的LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中很平常，并且为企业范围的计算机网络(比如内部网)提供便利，所有这些计算机网络都可以连接到全球通信网络，例如因特网。
当在LAN联网环境中使用时，计算机1002可通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器1056连接到本地网1052。适配器1056可以便利与LAN 1052的有线或无线通信，LAN 1052还可包括布置在其上的用于与无线适配器1056通信的无线AP。
当在WAN联网环境中使用时，计算机1002可包括调制解调器1058，或者可连接到WAN 1054上的通信服务器，或者具有用于通过WAN 1054(比如通过因特网的方式)建立通信的其它手段。可为内部或外部设备以及有线或无线设备的调制解调器1058可经由输入设备接口1042连接到系统总线1008。在网络化环境中，关于计算机1002或其各个部分描绘的程序模块可被存储在远程存储器/存储设备1050中。要理解所示的网络连接是示例，并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其它手段。
计算机1002可操作以与操作上布置在无线通信中的任意无线设备或实体(例如，打印机、扫描仪、桌上型和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助手、通信卫星、与无线可检测标签相关联的任意一件装备或位置(例如，售货亭、报摊、盥洗室)和电话)通信。这可包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和 无线技术。从而，通信可以是如同传统网络的预定义结构，或者仅仅是至少两个设备之间的自组织(ad hoc)通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许从家中的长沙发椅、宾馆房间中的床或者工作中的会议室无导线地连接到因特网。Wi-Fi是与在蜂窝电话中使用的无线技术类似的、使这样的设备(例如，计算机)能够在室内和户外、在基站的范围内的任意地方发送和接收数据的无线技术。Wi-Fi网络使用称为IEEE802.11(a、b、g、n、ac等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可用来将计算机彼此连接、将计算机连接到因特网以及连接到有线网络(所述有线网络可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网)。Wi-Fi网络以11Mbps(802.11a)或54Mbps(802.11b)数据速率在未许可的2.4GHz和5GHz无线电波段中操作，例如或者利用包含两种波段(双波段)的产品操作，从而网络可以提供类似于许多办公室中使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络的真实世界性能。
图11呈现可以实现和采用本文中描述的公开的主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台1110的示例实施例1100。通常，无线网络平台1110可包括便利分组交换(PS)(例如，互联网协议(IP)、帧中继、异步传递模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)流量(例如，语音和数据)，以及控制生成网络化无线电信的组件，例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台。作为非限制性的示例，无线网络平台1110可包含在电信运营商网络中，并且可被视为运营商侧组件，如本文中在别处所讨论的。移动网络平台1110包括CS网关节点1112，CS网关节点1112可接口连接从像电话网络1140的传统网络(例如，公共交换电话网络(PSTN)或者公共陆地移动网络(PLMN))，或者信令系统#7(SS7)网络1170接收的CS流量。电路交换网关节点1112可授权并认证从这样的网络产生的流量(例如，语音)。另外，CS网关节点1112可以访问通过SS7网络1170生成的移动性或漫游数据；例如，存储在可驻留在存储器1130中的访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据。此外，CS网关节点1112接口连接基于CS的流量及信令和PS网关节点1118。作为示例，在3GPP UMTS网络中，CS网关节点1112可至少部分在网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现。应理解CS网关节点1112、PS网关节点1118和服务节点1116的功能和具体操作由移动网络平台1110为电信而利用的无线电技术来提供和规定。
除了接收和处理CS交换的流量和信令之外，PS网关节点1118还可以授权和认证与被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可包括与在无线网络平台1110外部的网络(比如广域网(WAN)1150、企业网络1170和服务网络1180)交换的流量或内容，服务网络1180可被包含在局域网(LAN)中，也可通过PS网关节点1118与移动网络平台1110接口连接。要注意WAN 1150和企业网络1160可至少部分地包含服务网络，比如IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。基于技术资源1117中可用的无线电技术层，当建立数据会话时，分组交换网关节点1118可以生成分组数据协议上下文；也可生成便利分组化数据的路由的其它数据结构。为此，在一个方面，PS网关节点1118可包括可以便利与完全不同的无线网络(比如Wi-Fi网络)的分组化通信的隧道接口(例如，3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道终结网关(TTG)(未示出))。
在实施例1100中，无线网络平台1110还包括服务节点1116，服务节点1116基于技术资源1117内的可用无线电技术层运送通过PS网关节点1118接收的数据流的各种分组化流。要注意到对于主要依赖CS通信的技术资源1117，服务器节点可不依赖PS网关节点1118地递送流量；例如，服务器节点可至少部分地包含移动交换中心。作为示例，在3GPPUMTS网络中，服务节点1116可包含在服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中。
对于采用分组化通信的无线电技术，无线网络平台1110中的服务器1114可以执行众多应用，所述应用可以生成多种完全不同的分组化数据流，并且管理(例如，调度、排队、格式化…)这些流。这些应用可包括由无线网络平台1110提供的标准服务(例如，服务提供、计费、客户支持…)的附加特征。数据流(例如，作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的内容)可被运送给PS网关节点1118，用于数据会话的授权/认证和启动，并且运送给服务节点1116用于之后的通信。除了应用服务器之外，服务器1114可包括实用服务器，实用服务器可包括服务提供服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分实现证书颁发机构和防火墙以及其它安全机制的安全服务器，等等。在一个方面，除了CS网关节点1112和PS网关节点1118可以制定的授权和认证程序之外，安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台1110服务的通信，以确保网络的操作和数据完整性。此外，服务提供服务器可以提供来自外部网络(比如由完全不同的服务提供商操作的网络)，例如，WAN 1150或全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)的服务。服务提供服务器还可以通过与无线网络平台1110相关联的(例如，由相同的服务提供商部署和操作的)网络(比如增强室内受限空间内的无线服务覆盖并且分流RAN资源以便通过UE 1175的方式增强家庭或商业环境内的订户服务体验的毫微微小区网络(未示出))来提供覆盖。
要注意的是，服务器1114可包括构造成至少部分赋予宏网络平台1110的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此，例如，所述一个或多个处理器可执行存储在存储器1130中的代码指令。应理解服务器1114可包括内容管理器1115，内容管理器1115按照基本上与上文中描述的方式相同的方式操作。
在示例实施例1100中，存储器1130可存储与无线网络平台1110的操作相关的信息。其它操作信息可包括通过无线平台网络1110服务的移动设备的服务提供信息、订户数据库；应用智能、定价方案，例如促销比率、包价收费计划、优惠券活动；与用于完全不同的无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议一致的技术规范；等等。存储器1130还可存储来自电话网络1140、WAN 1150、企业网络1160或SS7网络1170中的至少一个的信息。在一个方面，存储器1130例如可作为数据存储库组件的一部分或者作为远程连接的存储存储库被访问。
为了提供公开的主题的各个方面的上下文，图11和下面的讨论意在提供其中可以实现公开的主题的各个方面的适当环境的简要的一般描述。尽管上面已经在一个和/或多个计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般背景中描述了所述主题，不过本领域的技术人员会认识到公开的主题也可与其它程序模块结合地实现。通常，程序模块包括进行特定任务和/或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。
在主题说明书中，诸如“存储库”、“存储装置”、“数据存储库”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”的术语和基本上与组件的操作和功能相关的任何其它信息存储组件指的是“存储组件”，或者包含在“存储器”中的实体或者包含存储器的组件。要理解本文中描述的存储组件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者可包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者，例如(但不限于)易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘存储装置和记忆存储装置。此外，非易失性存储器可包含在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦ROM(EEPROM)或闪存中。易失性存储器可包括充当外部高速缓存存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。通过例示的方式(而非限制)，RAM以多种形式可用，比如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。另外，本文中公开的系统或方法的存储组件意在包括(但不限于包括)这些和任何其它适当类型的存储器。
此外，要注意到公开的主题可利用其它计算机系统构造来实践，包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算设备、大型计算机，以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如，PDA、电话、手表、平板计算机、上网本计算机…)、基于微处理器或者可编程的消费或工业电子产品，等等。也可在分布式计算环境中实践例示的方面，在分布式计算环境中，任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备来进行；然而，主题公开的一些方面(如果不是所有方面的话)可在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程记忆存储设备两者中。
本文中描述的实施例可以采用人工智能(AI)，以便利使本文中描述的一个或多个特征自动化。实施例(例如，与自动识别获取的在加入现有通信网络之后提供最大值/益处的小区站点有关)可采用各个基于AI的方案用于实行其各个实施例。此外，可以采用分类器来确定获取的网络的每个小区站点的排序或优先级。分类器是把输入属性向量x＝(x1,x2,x3,x4,…,xn)映射到该输入属于一个类别的置信度的函数，即f(x)＝置信度(类别)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或统计的分析(例如，考虑分析效用和成本因素)，以预测或推断用户期望自动进行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可采用的分类器的示例。SVM通过在可能输入的空间中寻找超曲面而操作，所述超曲面试图从非触发事件中分离出触发准则。直观地，这使分类对于接近训练数据但是不与训练数据完全相同的测试数据来说正确。可以采用其它定向和非定向模型分类方案，例如包括Bayes、Bayesian网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型和提供不同的独立图样的概率分类模型。如本文中使用的分类还包含被利用以形成优先级模型的统计回归。
如将容易理解，一个或多个实施例可以采用(例如，经由通用训练数据)明确地训练的以及(例如，经由观察UE行为、操作员偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)隐含地训练的分类器。例如，可在分类器构造器和特征选择模块内经由学习或训练阶段构造SVM。从而，分类器可用来自动学习和进行许多功能，包括(但不限于)按照预定准则确定哪个获取的小区站点将有益于最大数目的订户，和/或哪个获取的小区站点将向现有通信网络覆盖添加最小值，等等。
如在本申请中使用的，在一些实施例中，术语“组件”、“系统”等意在指的是(或者包括)计算机相关的实体或者与具有一种或多种特定功能的操作装置相关的实体，其中所述实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。作为示例，组件可以是(但不限于)在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行的线程、计算机可执行指令、程序和/或计算机。通过例示的方式(而非限制)，在服务器上运行的应用和服务器两者可以是一个组件。一个或多个组件可以驻留在进程和/或执行的线程内，并且组件可以局部化在一台计算机上和/或分布在两台或更多台计算机之间。另外，这些组件可以从其上存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。组件可经由本地和/或远程处理，比如按照具有一个或多个数据分组的信号(例如，来自与本地系统中的另一个组件、分布式系统和/或经由信号跨诸如因特网之类的网络与其它系统相互作用的一个组件的数据)进行通信。作为另一个示例，组件可以是具有通过由电路或电子电路操作的机械部件提供的特定功能的装置，所述电路或电子电路由处理器执行的软件或固件应用操作，其中处理器可以在所述装置内部或外部，并且执行所述软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为再一个示例，组件可以是通过无机械部件的电子组件提供特定功能的装置，所述电子组件中可包括执行至少部分赋予电子组件的功能的软件或固件的处理器。虽然各个组件已经被例示为分离的组件，不过要理解在不脱离示例实施例的情况下，多个组件可被实现为单个组件或者单个组件可被实现成多个组件。
此外，利用标准编程和/或工程技术产生控制计算机实现公开的主题的软件、固件、硬件或其任意组合，各个实施例可被实现为方法、装置或制品。本文中使用的术语“制品”意在包含可从任意计算机可读设备或计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读存储介质可包括(但不限于)磁存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如，只读光盘(CD)、数字通用盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪存设备(例如，卡、棒、键驱动器)。当然，本领域的技术人员会认识到可在不脱离各个实施例的范围或精神的情况下对此构造作出许多修改。
另外，用词“示例”和“示例性”在本文中用于意味充当实例或例示。本文中描述为“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计不一定被解释成优于或有利于其它实施例或设计。相反，用词“示例”或“示例性”的使用意在以具体的方式呈现概念。如本申请中使用的，术语“或”意在意味着包含性的“或”，而不是排他性的“或”。即，除非另有规定或者根据上下文清楚，否则“X采用A或B”意在意味着自然包含性排列中的任意一种。即，如果X采用A；X采用B；或者X采用A和B两者，那么在任意前述实例下，满足“X采用A或B”。另外，在本申请和附加权利要求中使用的冠词“一”和“一个”通常应被解释为意味着“一个或多个”，除非另外规定，或者根据上下文清楚指的是单数形式。
此外，诸如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“移动装置”、“订户站”、“访问终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”的术语(和/或代表类似术语的术语)可以指由无线通信服务的订户或用户利用来接收或运送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。本文中可互换地并且参考相关附图利用前述术语。
此外，除非上下文保证术语之间的特定区别，否则自始至终可互换地采用术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等。应理解这些术语可以指人类实体或者通过人工智能(例如，至少基于复杂的数学形式主义进行推断的能力)支持的可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等的自动化组件。
如本文中采用的，术语“处理器”基本上可以指任何计算处理单元或设备，包括(但不限于包括)单核处理器；具有软件多线程执行能力的单核处理器；多核处理器；具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器；具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器；平行平台；和具有分布式共用存储器的平行平台。另外，处理器可以指被设计以进行本文中描述的功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或者其任意组合。处理器可以采用纳米级体系结构，比如(但不限于)基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门，以便优化空间使用或增强用户装备的性能。处理器也可被实现为计算处理单元的组合。
如本文中使用的，诸如“数据存储装置”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”和基本上与组件的操作和功能相关的任何其它信息存储组件指的是“存储组件”，或者包含在“存储器”中的实体或者包含存储器的组件。要理解本文中描述的存储组件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者可包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者。
上面已经描述的仅仅包括各个实施例的示例。当然不可能出于描述这些示例的目的而描述组件或方法的每种可想到的组合，不过本领域的技术人员会认识到现有实施例的许多另外的组合和排列也是可能的。因而，本文中公开和/或要求保护的实施例意在包含落入附加权利要求的精神和范围内的所有这样的变更、修改和变型。此外，就在具体实施方式或权利要求书中使用术语“包括”来说，与当作为过渡词在权利要求中采用时解释“包含”一样，按照类似于术语“包含”的方式，这种术语意为包含性的。

Claims (20)

1.一种装置，包括：
发出传输的发射器，其中传输的波长对应于毫米波段；和
相对于导线布置的反射器，所述反射器沿着基本上平行于导线的方向反射所述传输，从而产生反射的传输，其中反射的传输包含基于导线的表面引导的导波。
2.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述传输是沿第一方向反射的第一传输，反射器的一侧反射第一传输，并且所述装置还包括：
发出指向反射器的另一侧的第二传输的另一个发射器，其中反射器沿基本上与第一方向相反的第二方向，基本上平行于所述导线地反射第二传输。
3.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中反射器还把进入的传输反射给接收器，所述进入的传输是基于导线的表面引导的另一个导波。
4.按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中发射器和接收器被通信链接，并且所述传输是进入的传输的中继传输。
5.按照权利要求3所述的装置，其中反射器被偏振，并且把导波的平行于反射器的偏振向量偏振的分量反射给接收器。
6.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中传输的波长小于导线的圆周。
7.按照权利要求6所述的装置，其中导波包含多种表面波模式。
8.按照权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述多种表面波模式中的一种表面波模式是不对称的。
9.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中导线穿过反射器。
10.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中发射器包含透镜，并且透镜的焦点在反射器的焦平面上。
11.按照权利要求10所述的装置，其中透镜的焦平面在导线和反射器的相交区。
12.一种装置，包括：
相对于导线布置的反射器，所述反射器使进入的传输反射离开导线，其中进入的传输包含沿基本上平行于导线的方向行进的基于导线的表面引导的导波；和
接收进入的传输的接收器，其中进入的传输的波长对应于毫米波段。
13.按照权利要求12所述的装置，其中反射器被偏振，并且把导波的平行于反射器的偏振向量偏振的模式反射给接收器。
14.按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中导波的未平行于反射器的偏振向量偏振的另一种模式穿过反射器。
15.按照权利要求12所述的装置，还包括：
中继器，所述中继器中继由接收器接收的进入的传输，结果产生放大的传输；和
发射器，所述发射器把放大的传输传送给第二反射器，所述第二反射器在进入的传输在被反射之前朝向其行进的另一个方向上，沿着基本上平行于导线的方向反射放大的传输，其中放大的传输包含在导线的表面上的导波。
16.按照权利要求15所述的装置，其中所述反射器和第二反射器在反射设备的两侧。
17.按照权利要求16所述的装置，其中接收器和发射器被通信耦接，并且基本上在反射设备的相反侧上。
18.按照权利要求12所述的装置，其中接收器包含透镜，并且使反射器和导线相交的透镜的焦平面的尺寸与导波的模式的尺寸对应。
19.一种方法，包括：
通过传输设备朝着在导线附近的反射器的第一侧发出传输，其中所述传输包含对应于毫米波段的波长；和
沿基本上平行于导线的方向反射所述传输，结果产生反射的传输，其中反射的传输包含在导线的表面上的导波。
20.按照权利要求19所述的方法，还包括：
使进入的传输反射离开导线，其中进入的传输是导线的表面上的另一个导波；和
在接收器处接收进入的传输，其中进入的传输的另一个波长对应于毫米波段。
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