CN106460573A - System for controlling a rankine cycle - Google Patents

System for controlling a rankine cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106460573A
CN106460573A CN201580032428.7A CN201580032428A CN106460573A CN 106460573 A CN106460573 A CN 106460573A CN 201580032428 A CN201580032428 A CN 201580032428A CN 106460573 A CN106460573 A CN 106460573A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
liquid
bin
liquid level
heat
transfer fluid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201580032428.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
W.雷切德
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Arkema France SA
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Arkema France SA
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Publication of CN106460573A publication Critical patent/CN106460573A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/165—Controlling means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for producing electricity, comprising a closed circuit of heat-transfer fluid which comprises an evaporator (1), an expansion member (2), a condenser (3) and a circulation pump (4), a generator (5) being coupled to the expansion member (2), in which system a liquid - vapour separator (6) provided with a liquid reservoir (12) is positioned between the evaporator (1) and the expansion member (2), the system being further provided with a control device (15) configured to empty the reservoir (12) if the liquid level in the reservoir reaches a maximum threshold (13).

Description

Control the system of rankine cycle
Technical field
The present invention relates to controlling the system of rankine cycle and being related to implement electricity-generating method using this system, its.
Background technology
Rankine cycle is to allow to convert thermal energy into the system of electric energy.Using the heat heating reclaimed and subsequent evaporation heat transfer Fluid, described heat-transfer fluid subsequently expands in expansion element (typically turbine), engine-generator.Subsequently by described stream Body condensation makes circulation start again at.
Rankine cycle is particularly used for generating electricity, such as in electric power generating plant.This circulation is usually used water as heat transfer Fluid.
Organic rankine cycle (or ORC) uses Organic substance to substitute water.This size that can reduce equipment and structure low-power set Standby.
At present, due to controlling the technology needed for this kind equipment, the cost of this kind equipment remains high, and this slows down This technology be used for current application development.
The presence of the porch in expansion element (turbine) for the liquid particles leads to its corrosion and the phenomenon corroding, and leads Cause mechanical stress that is predisposing to damage or being damaged.
Therefore, before heat-transfer fluid enters expansion element, heat-transfer fluid typically requires as steam condition.In order to prevent liquid Body enter expansion element it is known that practice be, between vaporizer and turbine arrange liquid-vapor separator.
Therefore document US 7,841,306 describe rankine cycle, described rankine cycle include vaporizer and turbine it Between liquid-vapor separator, and the drop allowing to be present in the stream of described vaporizer is recovered and is back to Liquid memory positioned at the exit of condenser.
Document DE 10 2,011 009 280 is also illustrated the liquid-vapor being connected with the pipe being back to vaporizer and separates Device.
Document WO 2007/104970 describes including the liquid-vapor between vaporizer and turbine with reference to its Fig. 1 The known rankine cycle steam of separator.There is provided pipeline so that liquid is recycled to vaporizer from separator.Further, According to the demand to electric energy, the liquid level in measurement and determination separator is to control circulating pump.If the liquid level in separator raises, Then the transfer rate of pump declines, and vice versa.Described document subsequently proposes by this way by its own and known system Mutually distinguish：Expansion element is entered and by using complicated control system control by the part (fraction) allowing liquid Make this part (fraction).
Document WO 2012/130421 describes to be adapted to the equipment reclaiming heat from some separate sources.Described equipment bag Include common liquid-vapor separator and common turbine and some vaporizers corresponding to multiple sources and pump.This liquid Body-steam separator serves as the liquid memory of this equipment, because also it is supplied with the liquid of condenser.
Document FR 2976136 teaches the equipment based on rankine cycle, and it is furnished with bypass valve to bypass turbine.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to electricity generation system can be provided with the rankine cycle that organic heat-transfer fluid runs to relying on, wherein with letter Single and economic mode protects expansion element to exempt to be subject to any damage.
Content of the invention
Present invention firstly relates to electricity generation system, described system includes the heat transfer fluid loop closing, and described heat-transfer fluid returns Road includes the electromotor that vaporizer, expansion element, condenser and circulating pump couple (coupled) with described expansion element, wherein Liquid-vapor separator is furnished with the liquid memory between described vaporizer and described expansion element, and described system enters one Step is furnished with control device, if the liquid level that described control device is arranged in described liquid memory reaches max-thresholds, right Described liquid memory is discharged.
According to an embodiment, this heat-transfer fluid is organic.
According to an embodiment, the liquid recycle pipeline wherein passing in vaporizer is implemented to bin Discharge.
According to an embodiment, control device is set to：If the liquid level in bin reaches max-thresholds, reduce The transfer rate of circulating pump.
According to an embodiment, the liquid level in bin is maintained between minimum threshold and max-thresholds.
According to an embodiment, control device is set to：If the liquid level in bin reaches minimum threshold, stop The discharge that bin is carried out.
According to an embodiment, control device is set to：If the liquid level in bin reaches minimum threshold, improve The transfer rate of circulating pump.
The invention still further relates to the method generating electricity, methods described includes following simultaneous (concurrent) step：
- using thermal source heating simultaneously vaporized heat transfer fluid；
- heat-transfer fluid of experience evaporation is separated into liquid phase and steam phase, described liquid phase is stored in liquid memory；
- so that described steam phase is expanded with the generation of allowable current；
- condense this expanded steam phase；With
- pump described condensed phase；
And it is further comprising the steps：
Liquid level in the described liquid memory of-monitoring；With
- when the liquid level in this bin reaches max-thresholds, described liquid memory is discharged.
According to an embodiment, this heat-transfer fluid is organic.
According to an embodiment, by the liquid recycle being discharged to heating and evaporation step.
According to an embodiment, when the liquid level in this bin reaches max-thresholds, reduce pumping described condensed Phase transfer rate.
According to an embodiment, the constant liquid level in bin is maintained between minimum threshold and max-thresholds.
According to an embodiment, if the liquid level in bin reaches minimum threshold, interrupt bin is discharged Step.
According to an embodiment, if the liquid level in bin reaches minimum threshold, improve pumping described condensed The transfer rate of phase.
The shortcoming that the present invention can overcome prior art.More particularly, it provides the electricity generation system relying on rankine cycle, its Can be run using organic heat-transfer fluid, in the way of simple and economical, wherein protect described expansion element against any damage Bad.
This by by using the exit of vaporizer be furnished with liquid memory (with can control liquid level in bin Control device couple) liquid-vapor separator and realize.
Brief description
Fig. 1 schematically depicts the rankine cycle that can be used for implementing the present invention.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 schematically depicts the system in multiple operation phase according to an embodiment of the invention A part.
Specific embodiment
Now the present invention is described more fully below and without limitation.
With reference to Fig. 1, the electricity generation system according to the present invention relies on and includes vaporizer 1, expansion element 2, condenser 3 and circulating pump 4 rankine cycle.
Rankine cycle contains heat-transfer fluid, described heat-transfer fluid be preferably organic compound, such as hydrocarbon or HFC or HF hydrocarbon or the mixture of some such compounds.
Preferably compound is：HFC-134a (1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane), HFC-32 (difluoromethane), HFC-125 (five Fluoroethane), HFC-152a (1,1- Difluoroethane), HFC-134 (1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane), HFC-161 (fluoroethane), HFO- 1234yf (2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene), HFO-1234ze (1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene), HFO-1233zd, E or Z-shaped formula HFO-1336mzz (1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluorobutene), HC-600 (butane), HC 600a (2- methylpropane) and HC 290 (third Alkane).
Vaporizer 1 is coupled with thermal source.
Electromotor 5 is coupled with expansion element 2.It provides the electric current as the output from system.
Thermal source from vaporizer 1 for the heat-transfer fluid receives heat.Therefore, it is heated, evaporates and may be overheated. Therefore, by making described fluid expansion in expansion element 2, recover accumulation energy in a fluid in the form of mechanical work.? In electromotor 5, this mechanical work itself is converted into electric current in known manner.
The heat-transfer fluid expanding is condensed in condenser 3, is back to vaporizer 1 followed by pump 4.
Although illustrate only one of each classification element in Fig. 1, several this class components can be provided, if for example Dry vaporizer and/or several expansion elements and/or several pumps and/or several condensers, these elements be series connection and/ Or parallel connection.
The generally accepted implication of term " vaporizer " used herein.Its represent be designed to heating, evaporation and can Make the heat exchanger of fluid superheat.Therefore described vaporizer may include different piece, such as heating part, evaporation section and possibility Superheat section.It can be or include boiler.
(such as burning gases) can be flowed using such as hot liquid source (geothermal source), industry as thermal source or even another kind can The hot equipment (cooling or air-conditioning equipment, combustion engine etc.) coupling with the system of the present invention.
Thermal source can directly in vaporizer 1 with heat-transfer fluid heat-shift, or by intermediate heat transfer loop and its Heat-shift.
Equally, in condenser 3, heat-transfer fluid directly or by intermediate heat transfer loop conducts heat to low-temperature receiver, described Low-temperature receiver can be for example air or the water from surrounding.
Described expansion element 2 is preferably turbine, particularly centrifugal, spiral, piston type or rotation (vortex) whirlpool Turbine.
With reference to Fig. 2 to 5, the present invention provides liquid-vapor segregation apparatuss 6 between vaporizer 1 and expansion element 2.This dress Put and allow to be separated into steam phase by heated and through evaporation (and may overheated) fluid that (it is main in theory or is notable The main ratio in ground) and possible liquid phase.Liquid phase is collected in the bin 12 of accumulation liquid phase.
Preferably, liquid-vapor separator 6 simply includes bin 12 and being immersed in that the outlet of vaporizer 1 is connected The dip-tube (dip tube, dip tube) of the liquid being included in bin 12 and being connected with the entrance of expansion element 2 Gas outlet, the entrance of described expansion element 2 is placed towards the top of bin 12.
Select as a kind of, liquid-vapor separator 6 may include cyclone separator or coalescence film (coalescence Membrane) or any other segregation apparatuss, then bin 12 is intended to collect previously separated liquid phase.
In the embodiment shown, liquid recycle pipeline 9 is connected with the outlet of bin 12；Advantageously, it is furnished with Valve 10.Liquid recycle pipeline 9 can especially enter vaporizer 1.For example, the pipeline that it can and be located between pump 4 and vaporizer 1 7 connections.Select as a kind of, pipeline 7 can be directly entered vaporizer 1 in vaporizer 1 entrance or certain intermediate point.
Select as one, liquid recycle pipeline 9 can be between expansion element 2 and condenser 3 or in condenser 3 and Connect between pump 4.
In the embodiment shown, it are furnished with one or more liquid level sensors with bin 12 in bin 12 Detect when that liquid level reaches maximum level threshold value 13 and minimum level threshold value 14.These liquid level sensors are with control device 15 even Connect.
Preferably, maximum level 13 is located at below the top of bin 12, and minimum liquid threshold value 14 is located at bin More than 12 bottom, thus preventing bin 12 to be changed into entirely empty or full up probability.
Control device 15 advantageously control valve 10 and pump 4.
If the liquid level in bin reaches max-thresholds 13, control device 15 is discharged to bin 12.This can keep away Exempt from any risk that liquid enters expansion element 2.
Term " discharge " refers to the action whole or in part liquid memory 12 discharged.Preferably, arrange Go out only part.
Implement the discharge of bin by opening valve 10.If bin 12 is located above vaporizer 1, can be simply in weight The discharge of bin is realized in the presence of power.Select as one, if necessary, volume can be provided on liquid recycle pipeline 9 The pump that outer and controlled device 15 controls.
Preferably, while opening valve 10, control device 15 acts on pump 4 thus reducing its transfer rate.Implement Transfer rate be reduced to zero or nonzero value.In the case of the former, reducing transfer rate means to make the stream of liquid to stop passing through Pump 4.It is to be understood that can be by allowing control device 15 control the valve being located at pump 4 upstream or downstream to implement identical function.
On the contrary, control device 15 is designed as：If the liquid level in bin reaches minimum threshold 14, stop to storage The discharge of device 12, this is sufficient for liquid-vapor separator especially for the amount of liquid guaranteeing in bin 12 and correctly implements Its function and to allow that system is back to its normal operation mode.Implement the termination discharged by shutoff valve 10.Preferably, Control device 15 acts on and (this means, if pump 4 was previously closed, pump 4 to be beaten again to improve its transfer rate on pump 4 Open).
Fig. 2 to 5 depicts the system of the present invention of various ways.
In fig. 2, pump 4 pump liquid and valve 10 are to close.Liquid level in liquid memory 12 is in minimum level 14 And maximum level 13 between.Liquid phase due to being present at evaporator outlet is little by little collected in liquid-gas separator 6, with The passage of time, this liquid level has the trend of rising.
In figure 3, the liquid level in bin 12 reaches max-thresholds 13.As response, control device 15 makes pump 4 stop (or being conveyed rate reduction to nonzero value) and open valve 10.
In the diagram, by liquid recycle pipeline 9, the liquid from bin is discharged (for example in the effect of gravity Under).In vaporizer 1 by described liquid heat, evaporation and, if appropriate so as to overheated, such system continues to run with simultaneously And produce electric current during this discharge stage.Liquid level step-down in bin 12 during this discharge stage.
In Figure 5, the liquid level in liquid memory 12 reaches minimum level 14.As response, control device 15 starts pump 4 (or if this pump was previously not turned off, improving its transfer rate) and shutoff valve 10.This system is therefore back to the shape in Fig. 2 State.
As the replacement opening and closing valve 10, also even can carry outside the discharge stage in liquid recycle pipeline 9 Flow rate of liquid for non-zero.In this case, control device 15 can improve in liquid recycle pipeline 9 during the discharge stage Flow velocity.When the fluid of notable ratio is present in the exit of vaporizer 1, this alternative form may prove beneficial.
In Fig. 2 to 5, the embodiment of explanation provides particularly simple advantage in terms of design and enforcement.However, also may be used The change that offer can closely be adapted to use condition (is for example passed through to provide except max-thresholds 13 and minimum threshold 14 Outside other level threshold) more complicated system, subsequently control device 15 is designed as according to liquid in bin 12 Liquid level is come the speed of the transfer rate to adjust pump 4 and/or the liquid recycle being derived from bin 12.

Claims (14)

1. electricity generation system, it includes the heat transfer fluid loop closing, the heat transfer fluid loop of described closure include vaporizer (1), The electromotor (5) that expansion element (2), condenser (3) and circulating pump (4) are coupled with expansion element (2), is wherein furnished with liquid storage The liquid-vapor separator (6) of storage (12) is located between vaporizer (1) and expansion element (2), and described system is further configured with Control device (15), control device (15) is set to：If the liquid level in described bin (12) reaches max-thresholds (13), Described bin is discharged.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein heat-transfer fluid are organic.
3. system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein passes through to enter the liquid recycle pipeline (9) of vaporizer (1) to storage Device (12) is implemented to discharge.
4. control device (15) is wherein set to by the system as described in one of claims 1 to 3：If the liquid in bin Position reaches max-thresholds (13), reduces the transfer rate of circulating pump (4).
5. the liquid level in bin (12) is wherein maintained at minimum threshold (14) by the system as described in one of Claims 1-4 And max-thresholds (13) between.
6. control device (15) is wherein set to by system as claimed in claim 5：If the liquid level in bin reaches Little threshold value (14), stops the discharge of bin (12).
7. control device (15) is wherein set to by the system as described in claim 5 or 6：If the liquid level in bin reaches To minimum threshold (14), improve the transfer rate of circulating pump (4).
8. the method generating electricity, it includes following simultaneous step：
- using thermal source heating simultaneously vaporized heat transfer fluid；
- heat-transfer fluid of experience evaporation is separated into liquid phase and steam phase, described stored in liquid phase is in liquid memory；
- so that described steam phase is expanded with the generation of allowable current；
- so that this expanded steam phase is condensed；With
- pump described condensed phase；
And further include the following step：
Liquid level in the described liquid memory of-monitoring；With
- when the liquid level in this bin reaches max-thresholds, described liquid memory is discharged.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein heat-transfer fluid are organic.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein by the liquid recycle being discharged to heating and evaporation step.
11. methods as described in one of claim 8 to 10, wherein when the liquid level in this bin reaches max-thresholds, subtract The little transfer rate pumping described condensed phase.
Constant liquid level in bin is wherein maintained at minimum threshold by 12. methods as described in one of claim 8 to 11 And max-thresholds between.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, if the liquid level wherein in bin reaches minimum threshold, interrupt to bin The step discharged.
14. methods as described in claim 12 or 13, if the liquid level wherein in bin reaches minimum threshold, improve pumping The transfer rate of condensed phase.
CN201580032428.7A 2014-06-16 2015-06-08 System for controlling a rankine cycle Pending CN106460573A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455477 2014-06-16
FR1455477A FR3022296B1 (en) 2014-06-16 2014-06-16 SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING A RANKINE CYCLE
PCT/FR2015/051504 WO2015193580A1 (en) 2014-06-16 2015-06-08 System for controlling a rankine cycle

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US (1) US20170122134A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3155240A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2017524090A (en)
KR (1) KR20170008808A (en)
CN (1) CN106460573A (en)
AU (1) AU2015275960B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2951358A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3022296B1 (en)
SG (1) SG11201610029RA (en)
WO (1) WO2015193580A1 (en)

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EP3329103A1 (en) * 2015-07-28 2018-06-06 The Chemours Company FC, LLC Use of 1,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene in power cycles
KR102243702B1 (en) * 2019-09-18 2021-04-27 한국에너지기술연구원 Generating cycle system with liquid recirculation loop
CN111636937A (en) * 2020-06-22 2020-09-08 中国长江动力集团有限公司 ORC power generation device with automatic liquid level adjustment function and adjusting method thereof

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FR3022296B1 (en) 2016-07-01
CA2951358A1 (en) 2015-12-23
FR3022296A1 (en) 2015-12-18
JP2017524090A (en) 2017-08-24
US20170122134A1 (en) 2017-05-04
AU2015275960A1 (en) 2016-12-22
WO2015193580A1 (en) 2015-12-23
KR20170008808A (en) 2017-01-24
SG11201610029RA (en) 2017-01-27
AU2015275960B2 (en) 2017-12-21
EP3155240A1 (en) 2017-04-19

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