CN106605332A - 导波耦合器及其方法 - Google Patents
导波耦合器及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
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- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B3/58—Repeater circuits
Abstract
一种用于从导线发起和提取导波通信传输的介电波导耦合系统。在毫米波频率处,其中波长与装备的宏观大小相比而言是小的,传输可以作为由介电材料条引导的导波传播。与常规波导不同,与介电波导相关联的电磁场主要在波导外部。当使这个介电波导条达到紧密接近导线时,导波从介电波导解耦并耦合到导线,并且作为导波环绕导线的表面继续传播。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年8月26日提交的美国专利申请序列No.14/469,287的优先权。上述申请的内容通过引用并入本申请,如同在本文中完全阐述一样。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及导波耦合器及其方法。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其它便携式设备日益变得普遍存在,并且数据使用增加,宏小区基站设备和现有的无线基础设施进而要求更高的带宽能力,以便解决增加的需求。为了提供额外的移动带宽,正在寻求小的小区部署,其中微小区和微微小区提供比传统宏小区小得多的区域的覆盖。
附图说明
图1是例示根据本文所述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图2是例示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图3是例示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图4是例示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图5是例示根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图6是例示根据本文所述各个方面的双介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图7是例示根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图8例示了例示根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图9例示了例示根据本文所述各个方面的双向转发器(repeater)系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图10例示了用于利用如本文所述的介电波导耦合器发送传输的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图11是根据本文所述各个方面的计算环境的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图12是根据本文所述各个方面的移动网络平台的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图13a、13b和13c是例示根据本文所述各个方面的开槽波导耦合器的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图14是例示根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图15是例示根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。
图16例示了用于利用如本文所述的波导来发送电磁波的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一个或多个实施例,其中相似的附图标记贯穿全文被用来指相似的元件。在下面的描述中,出于解释的目的,阐述了众多细节,以便提供对各种实施例的透彻理解。但是,显然,各种实施例可以在没有这些细节(以及不应用到任何特定的联网环境或标准)的情况下实践。
为了提供到附加基站设备的网络连接,将通信小区(例如,微小区和宏小区)链接到核心网络的网络设备的回程链路网络相应地扩张。类似地,为了向分布式天线系统提供网络连接,期望链接基站设备及其分布式天线的延伸通信系统。可以提供导波通信系统,以实现替代的、增加的或附加的网络连接,并且可以提供波导耦合系统,以在导线上发送和/或接收导波(例如,表面波)通信,其中导线诸如是作为单导线传输线路(例如,公用设施线路)操作的导线,其中导线作为波导操作和/或以其它方式操作,以引导电磁波的传输。在实施例中,在波导耦合系统中利用的波导耦合器可以由介电材料或其它低损耗绝缘体(例如,特氟纶、聚乙烯等)制成,或者甚至由导电的(例如,金属的、非导电的等)材料制成,或者是前述材料的任意组合。对“介电波导”的贯穿整个详细描述的引用是出于例示的目的,而不是将实施例限制为仅由介电材料构成。在其它实施例中,其它介电或绝缘材料是可以的。应当认识到,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,可以对导波通信利用各种导线,无论绝缘与否,以及无论是单股还是多股的。
出于这些和/或其它考虑,在一个或多个实施例中,一种装置包括促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上传播的波导,其中波导表面不全部或大部分包围导线的导线表面,以及,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕导线表面行进,以及其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
在另一实施例中,一种装置包括波导,其具有限定波导的横截面区域的波导表面,其中导线定位于波导的横截面区域的外部,使得部分地在导线表面上沿导线行进的第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到波导表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕波导表面行进。
在实施例中,一种方法包括通过发送设备发射至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波,其中波导不与导线同轴对准。该方法还可以包括配置导线为接近波导,以促进第一电磁波的至少一部分到导线表面的耦合,从而形成至少部分地围绕导线表面传播的第二电磁波。
在另一实施例中,在一个或多个实施例中,一种装置包括具有由非平行的相对的槽表面形成的槽的波导,其中相对的槽表面被隔开一定距离,该距离使得能够将导线插入槽中,其中波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,以及,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线的导线表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕导线表面行进,以及其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
在另一实施例中,在一个或多个实施例中,一种装置包括波导,其中波导包括不导电并且适于在波导的波导表面上传播电磁波的材料,其中波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,以及,响应于相对于导线定位波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到导线的导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕导线表面行进,以及其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
在另一实施例中,一种利用设置成接近导线但不与导线同轴对准的波导来发送电磁波的方法可以包括通过发送设备发射至少部分地在波导的表面上传播的第一电磁波。该方法还可以包括经由非同轴对准的波导将第一电磁波的至少一部分输送到导线的表面,由此形成沿着导线、至少部分地围绕导线表面传播的第二电磁波。
本文所述的各种实施例涉及用于从导线发起和提取导波(例如,作为电磁波的表面波通信)传输的介电波导耦合系统。在毫米波频率处,其中波长与装备的尺寸相比而言是小的,传输可以作为由一条或一定长度的介电材料引导的波而传播。导波的电磁场结构既可以在波导的内部也可以在波导的外部。但是,在替代实施例中,导波的电磁结构也可以主要在波导内部或主要在波导外部。当使这个介电波导条达到紧密接近导线(例如,公用设施线路或其它传输线路)时,导波的至少一部分从介电波导解耦并耦合到导线,并且继续作为导波(诸如环绕导线的表面的表面波)而传播。根据示例实施例,表面波是一种类型的导波,表面波由可以包括导线的外部的表面或外表面(exterior or outer surface)的导线的表面,或者由与具有不同性质(例如,介电性质)的另一种类型的介质相邻或暴露于其的导线的另一表面引导。实际上,在示例实施例中,引导表面波的导线的表面可以表示介于两种不同类型的介质之间的过渡表面。例如,在裸露的或未绝缘的导线的情况下,导线的表面可以是裸露或未绝缘的导线的暴露于空气或自由空间的外导电表面。作为另一个例子,在绝缘导线的情况下,导线的表面可以是导线的与导线的绝缘体部分接触(meet)的导电部分,或者可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的导线的绝缘体表面,或者可以是在导线的绝缘体表面和与导线的绝缘体部分接触的导线的导电部分之间的任何材料区域,这取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的性质(例如,介电性质)的相对差异。如本文所述,绝缘导线可以指具有介电涂层或护套的任何金属导线或电缆,而不管这种介电涂层的预期功能。在一些实施例中,这种绝缘导线可以包括树保护绝缘和Hendrix绝缘以及其它各种绝缘。
根据示例实施例,诸如表面波的导波可以与经自由空间/空气的无线电传输或者通过导线的导体的电力或信号的常规传播形成对比。实际上,利用本文所述的表面波或导波系统,常规的电力或信号仍然可以通过导线的导体传播或被发送,同时导波(包括表面波和其它电磁波)可以根据示例实施例在导线的表面四周传播或被发送。在实施例中,表面波可以具有主要或基本位于用来引导表面波的线路或导线的外部的场结构(例如,电磁场结构)。
根据示例实施例,沿着导线并围绕导线的外表面行进的电磁波是由沿着接近该导线的波导行进的其它电磁波感应出的。电磁波的感应可以独立于通过作为电路的一部分的导线被注入或以其它方式传输的任何电势、电荷或电流。应当认识到,虽然导线中的小电流可以响应于电磁波传播通过导线而形成,但这可以是由于电磁波沿导线表面的传播,而不是响应于被注入到作为电路的一部分的导线的电势、电荷或电流而形成。因此,在导线上行进的电磁波不要求电路沿导线表面传播。因此,导线是不作为电路的一部分的单导线传输线路。而且,在一些实施例中,导线不是必需的,并且电磁波可以沿不是导线的单线路传输介质传播。
根据示例实施例,与导波(例如,表面波)结合使用的术语“环绕”导线可以包括至少部分地围绕导线的基波传播模式和具有圆形或基本圆形场分布(例如,电场、磁场、电磁场等)的其它导波。此外,当导波在“环绕”导线传播时,它可以根据不仅包括基波传播模式(例如,零阶模式)而且还附加地或作为替代地包括其它非基波传播模式(诸如高阶导波模式(例如,1阶模式、2阶模式等)、非对称模式和/或具有围绕导线的非圆形场分布的其它导波(例如,表面波))的波传播模式这么做。例如,这种非圆形场分布可以是单侧的或多侧的,具有:特征在于相对较高的场强度的一个或多个轴向波瓣和/或特征在于相对低场强度、零场强度或基本零场强度的一个或多个空白或空白区域。另外,根据示例实施例,场分布能够以其它方式依据围绕导线的纵向轴向取向而变化,使得围绕导线的轴向取向的一个或多个区域具有高于轴向取向的一个或多个其它区域的电场强度或磁场强度(或其组合)。应当认识到,波的较高阶模式或非对称模式的相对位置可以随着导波沿导线行进而变化。
现在参考图1,示出了例示导波通信系统100的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。导波通信系统100描绘了其中可以使用介电波导耦合系统的示例性环境。
导波通信系统100可以是分布式天线系统,其包括可通信地耦合到宏小区站点102或其它网络连接的一个或多个基站设备(例如,基站设备104)。基站设备104可以通过有线(例如,光纤和/或电缆)或者通过无线(例如,微波无线)连接而连接到宏小区站点102。宏小区(诸如宏小区站点102)可以具有到移动网络的专用连接,以及基站设备104可以共享和/或以其它方式使用宏小区站点102的连接。基站设备104可以安装在或附连到电线杆116上。在其它实施例中,基站设备104可以是附近的变压器和/或位于电力线路附近的其它位置。
基站设备104可以促进移动设备122和124对移动网络的连接。分别安装在电线杆118和120上或在其附近的天线112和114可以从基站设备104接收信号并且在相比如果天线112和114位于基站设备104处或其附近时宽得多的区域上将那些信号发送到移动设备122和124。
应当指出的是,出于简化的目的,图1显示了三个电线杆,具有一个基站设备。在其它实施例中,电线杆116可以具有更多的基站设备,并且可以有具有分布式天线的一个或多个电线杆。
介电波导耦合设备106可以经由连接电线杆116、118和120的公用设施或(一条或多条)电力线路将信号从基站设备104发送到天线112和114。为了发送信号,无线电源和/或耦合器106将来自基站设备104的信号上变频(例如,经由混频)到毫米波频带信号,并且介电波导耦合设备106发起毫米波频带波,其作为沿公用设施线路或其它导线行进的导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)传播。在电线杆118处,另一个介电波导耦合设备108接收导波(并且可选地可以根据需要或期望来放大它)并且将其作为导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)在公用设施线路上或其它导线上向前发送。介电波导耦合设备108还可以从毫米波频带导波中提取信号并将其频率向下移动到其原始蜂窝频带频率(例如,1.9GHz或其它限定的蜂窝频率)或另一蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频带频率。天线112可以向移动设备122发送(例如,无线地发送)向下移频后的信号。根据需要或期望,该过程可以由介电波导耦合设备110、天线114和移动设备124重复。
来自移动设备122和124的传输也可以分别由天线112和114接收。介电波导耦合设备108和110上的转发器可以将蜂窝频带信号上变频或以其它方式转换为毫米波频带,并且将信号作为导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)传输经(一条或多条)电力线路发送到基站设备104。
在示例实施例中,系统100可以采用分集路径,其中两条或更多条公用设施线路或其它导线串接在电线杆116、118和120之间(例如,在电线杆116和120之间的两条或更多条导线),以及来自基站104的冗余传输作为导波在公用设施线路或其它导线的表面下方被传输。公用设施线路或其它导线可以是绝缘的或不绝缘的,并且,取决于造成传输损耗的环境条件,耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或不绝缘的公用设施线路或其它导线接收信号。该选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量,或者基于确定的天气/环境条件(例如,湿度检测器、天气预报等)。对系统100,使用分集路径可以实现备选路由能力、负载平衡、增加的负载应对、并发的双向或同步通信、扩频通信等(参见图8,以得到更多例示性细节)。
应当指出,介电波导耦合设备106、108和110在图1中的使用仅仅是以示例方式的,以及在其它实施例中,其它使用是可以的。例如,可以在回程链路通信系统中使用介电波导耦合设备,从而向基站设备提供网络连接。介电波导耦合设备可以用在期望经导线发送导波通信的许多情况下,无论导线是绝缘的还是不绝缘的。由于与导线没有接触或者与导线的有限的物理和/或电接触,介电波导耦合设备是对其它耦合设备的改进。利用介电波导耦合设备,该装置可以位于远离导线(例如,与导线间隔开)和/或位于导线上,只要该装置不与导线电接触即可,因为电介质充当绝缘体,从而允许廉价、容易和/或较不复杂的安装。
还应当指出,虽然在实施例中例示了基站设备104和宏小区站点102,但是其它网络配置同样是可以的。例如,可以按类似的方式采用诸如接入点或其它无线网关的设备来延伸其它网络(诸如无线局域网、无线个域网或者根据诸如802.11协议、WIMAX协议、超宽带(UltraWideband)协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议或其它无线协议的通信协议操作的其它无线网络)的范围。
现在转到图2,所例示的是根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统200的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统200包括介电波导204,其具有作为导波环绕介电波导204的波导表面传播的波206。在实施例中,介电波导204是弧形的,并且如本文所述,波导204的至少一部分可以被放置在导线202附近,以促进波导204和导线202之间的耦合。介电波导204可以被放置成使得弧形的介电波导204的一部分与导线202平行或基本平行。介电波导204的与导线平行的这部分可以是弧形的顶点或者在这点弧形的切线与导线202平行的任何点。当介电波导204如此定位或放置时,沿介电波导204行进的波206至少部分地耦合到导线202,并且作为导波208围绕或环绕导线202的导线表面传播。导波208可以被表征为表面波或其它电磁波,
尽管在不背离示例实施例的情况下也可以支持其它类型的导波208。没有耦合到导线202的波206的一部分作为波210沿介电波导204传播。应当认识到,介电波导204可以相对于导线202在各种位置中被配置和布置,以实现波206到导线202的期望水平的耦合或不耦合。例如,与导线202平行或基本平行的介电波导204的曲率和/或长度,以及其到导线202的分隔距离(在实施例中,这可以包括零分隔距离)可以在不背离示例实施例的情况下变化。同样,介电波导204相对于导线202的布置可以基于对导线202和介电波导204的相应固有特性(例如,厚度、组成、电磁性质等)以及波206和208的特性(例如,频率、能量水平等)的考虑而变化。
即使在导线202弯曲和屈曲时,导波208也保持与导线202平行或基本平行。导线202中的弯曲可以增加传输损耗,这也取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果选择用于高效的功率转移的介电波导204的尺寸,则波206中的大部分功率被转移到导线202,有很少的功率保留在波210中。应当认识到,导波208本质上仍然可以是多模式(本文中所讨论的),包括具有非基本或非对称的模式,同时沿着与导线202平行或基本平行的路径行进。在一个实施例中,非基本或非对称模式可以被用来最小化传输损耗和/或获得增加的传播距离。
应当指出,术语“平行”一般是几何构造,其在实际系统中常常是不能精确实现的。于是,当用来描述本公开内容中公开的实施例时,如在本公开内容中使用的术语“平行”表示近似而不是精确配置。在一个实施例中,基本平行可以包括在所有维度上在真实平行的30度内的近似。
在一个实施例中,波206可以表现出一个或多个波传播模式。介电波导模式可以取决于波导204的形状和/或设计。波206的一个或多个介电波导模式可以生成、影响或冲击(impact)沿导线202传播的导波208的一个或多个波传播模式。在一个实施例中,导线202上的波传播模式可以类似于介电波导模式,因为波206和208二者都分别环绕介电波导204和导线202的外部传播。在一些实施例中,当介电波导模式耦合到导线202时,模式可以由于介电波导204和导线202在大小、材料和/或阻抗方面的不同而改变形式。波传播模式可以包括基本横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中仅小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,以及在导波沿导线传播的同时,电场和磁场径向向外延伸。这种导波模式可以是环形的,其中几乎没有电磁场在介电波导204或导线202内存在。波206和208可以包括基本TEM模式,其中场径向向外延伸,并且还包括其它的非基本(例如,非对称的、更高级的等等)模式。虽然上面讨论了特定的波传播模式,但是基于所采用的频率、介电波导204的设计、导线202的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁性质等,其它波传播模式(诸如横向电(TE)和横向磁(TM)模式)同样是可以的。应当指出的是,取决于频率、导线202的电和物理特性以及所生成的特定波传播模式,导波208可以沿氧化的非绝缘导线、未氧化的非绝缘导线、绝缘导线的导电表面和/或沿绝缘导线的绝缘表面行进。
在实施例中,介电波导204的直径小于导线202的直径。对于正使用的毫米频带波长,介电波导204支持组成波206的单个波导模式。该单个波导模式可以在其作为表面208耦合到导线202时改变。如果介电波导204更大,则可以支持多于一个波导模式,但是这些附加的波导模式可能无法高效地耦合到导线202,并且会导致更高的耦合损耗。但是,在一些替代实施例中,介电波导204的直径可以等于或大于导线202的直径,例如,在期望更高耦合损耗的地方或者当与其它技术结合使用以便以其它方式减小耦合损耗时(例如,利用逐渐变细(tapering)的阻抗匹配,等等)。
在一个实施例中,波206和208的波长在尺寸上相当于或者小于介电波导204和导线202的周长。在例子中,如果导线202具有0.5cm的直径和大约1.5cm的对应周长,则传输的波长是大约1.5cm或更小,对应于20GHz或更大的频率。在另一个实施例中,传输和载波信号的合适频率是在30-100GHz的范围中,可能是大约30-60GHz,以及在一个例子中是大约38GHz。在一个实施例中,当介电波导204和导线202的周长在尺寸上相当于或大于传输的波长时,波206和208可以表现出多波传播模式,包括在足够的距离上传播的基本和/或非基本(对称和/或非对称)模式,以支持本文所述的各种通信系统。因此,波206和208可以包括多于一种类型的电场和磁场配置。在一个实施例中,当导波208沿导线202传播时,电场和磁场配置将从导线202的一端到另一端保持相同。在其它实施例中,当导波208遇到干扰或者由于传输损耗而损失能量时,电场和磁场配置可以随着导波208沿导线202传播而改变。
在实施例中,介电波导204可以由尼龙、特氟隆、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或其它塑料构成。在其它实施例中,其它介电材料是可以的。导线202的导线表面可以是金属的,具有任一个裸露的金属表面,或者可以通过使用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或其它护套来绝缘。在实施例中,电介质或以其它方式不导电/绝缘的波导可以与或裸的/金属的导线或绝缘的导线配对。在其它实施例中,金属和/或导电波导可以与裸/金属线或绝缘线配对。在一个实施例中,在导线202的裸露金属表面上的氧化层(例如,由于裸露金属表面暴露于氧/空气而导致)也可以提供类似于由一些绝缘体或护套提供的绝缘或介电性质。
应当指出,给出波206、208和210的图形表示仅仅是为了例示波206在导线202上感应出或以其它方式发起导波202的原理,其中导线202例如作为单导线传输线路操作。波210表示波206的在生成导波208之后保留在介电波导204上的部分。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际的电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、一个或多个特定的波传播模式、介电波导204的设计、导线202的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁性质等等而变化。
应当指出,介电波导204可以在介电波导204的端部包括终结电路或阻尼器214,其可以吸收来自波210的剩余辐射或能量。终结电路或阻尼器214可以防止和/或最小化来自波210的剩余辐射朝着发送器电路212反射回来。在一个实施例中,终结电路或阻尼器214可以包括终结电阻器和/或进行阻抗匹配以衰减反射的其它组件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高,和/或波210足够小,则可能不必使用终结电路或阻尼器214。为了简单起见,在其它图中没有描绘这些发送器和终结电路或阻尼器212和214,但是在那些实施例中,可以有可能使用发送器和终结电路或阻尼器。
另外,虽然给出了生成单个导波208的单个介电波导204,但是可以采用在沿导线202的不同点处和/或以关于导线的不同轴向取向放置的多个介电波导204,以生成处于相同或不同频率、处于相同或不同相位、处于相同或不同波传播模式的多个导波208。导波或波208可以经由诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制的调制技术和经由诸如频分复用、时分复用、码分复用、经由不同波传播模式的复用的多址技术以及经由其它调制和访问策略而被调制以传送数据。
现在转到图3,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统300的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统300包括介电波导304和导线302,导线302具有作为导波环绕导线302的导线表面传播的波306。在示例实施例中,波306可以被表征为表面波或其它电磁波。
在示例实施例中,介电波导304是弧形的或以其它方式具有曲率,并且可以被放置在导线302附近,使得弧形的介电波导304的一部分与导线302平行或基本平行。介电波导304的与导线平行的这一部分可以是该弧形的顶点,或者是该弧形的切线平行于导线302处的任何点。当介电波导304在导线附近时,沿导线302行进的导波306可以耦合到介电波导304并且作为导波308环绕介电波导304传播。导波306的没有耦合到介电波导304的一部分作为导波310(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)沿导线302传播。
即使当导线302和介电波导304弯曲和屈曲时,导波306和308也分别维持与导线302和介电波导304平行。弯曲会增加传输损耗,这也取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率转移而选择介电波导304的尺寸,则导波306中的大部分能量耦合到介电波导304,而没有多少保留在导波310中。
在一个实施例中,接收器电路可以放置在波导304的端部上,以便接收波308。终结电路可以被放置在波导304的相对端部上,以便接收在与耦合到波导304的导波306的相反方向上行进的导波。因此,终结电路将防止和/或最小化由接收器电路接收的反射。如果反射小,则终结电路可以是不必要的。
应当指出,介电波导304可以被配置为使得导波306的所选偏振作为导波308耦合到介电波导304。例如,如果导波306由具有相应偏振的导波或波传播模式组成,则介电波导304可以被配置为接收具有所选的(一个或多个)偏振的一个或多个导波。因此,耦合到介电波导304的导波308是对应于所选的一个或多个偏振的导波集合,并且进一步,导波310可以包括不匹配所选的(一个或多个)偏振的导波。
介电波导304可以被配置为基于围绕导线302放置介电波导304的角度/旋转来接收具有特定偏振的导波。例如,如果导波306是水平偏振的,则导波306的大部分作为波308被转移到介电波导。但是,当介电波导304围绕导线302旋转90度时,来自导波306的大部分能量将作为导波310保持耦合到导线,而只有一小部分将作为波308耦合到导线302。
应当指出,在图3和说明书的其它图中使用三个圆形符号示出波306、308和310。这些符号被用来表示一般的导波,但不暗示波306、308和310是圆形偏振的或以其它方式圆形取向的。事实上,波306、308和310可以包括基本TEM模式,其中场径向地向外延伸,并且还包括其它的、非基本的(例如,更高级的等等)模式。这些模式在本质上也可以是非对称的(例如,径向、双边、三边、四边等等)。
还应当指出,经导线的导波通信可以是全双工的,从而允许在两个方向上的同时通信。在一个方向行进的波可以穿过在相对方向行进的波。由于应用到波的叠加原理,电磁场可能在某些点处和在短时间内抵消。在相对方向中行进的波就像其它波不在那里一样地传播,但是对于观察者的复合效果可以是静止的驻波图案。当导波彼此穿过而不再处于叠加状态时,干扰减弱。当导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)耦合到波导并远离导线移动时,由于其它导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)引起的任何干扰都减小。在一个实施例中,当导波306(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)靠近介电波导304时,在导线302上从左到右行进的另一导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)(未示出)经过,从而造成局部干扰。当导波306作为波308耦合到介电波导304并且远离导线302移动时,由于经过的导波引起的任何干扰减弱。
应当指出,给出波306、308和310的图形表示仅仅是为了例示导波306在电介波导304上感应出或以其它方式发起波308的原理。导波310表示在生成波308之后导波306的保留在导线302上的这一部分。作为这种导波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于介电波导的形状和/或设计、介电波导对于导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、介电波导304的设计、导线302的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁性质等中的一个或多个而变化。
现在转到图4,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合系统400的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统400包括介电波导404,其具有作为导波环绕介电波导404的波导表面传播的波406。在实施例中,介电波导404是弧形的,并且介电波导404的端部可以系到、紧固到或以其它方式机械耦接到导线402。当介电波导404的端部紧固到导线402时,介电波导404的端部与导线402平行或基本平行。作为替代,介电波导的超过端部的另一部分可以紧固或耦接到导线402,使得紧固或耦合部分与导线402平行或基本平行。耦接设备410可以是尼龙扎带或其它类型的非导电/介电材料。介电波导404可以与导线402相邻而不包围导线402。
当介电波导404被放置成其端部与导线402平行时,沿介电波导404行进的导波406耦合到导线402,并且作为导波408环绕导线402的导线表面传播。在示例实施例中,导波408可以被表征为表面波或其它电磁波。
应当指出,给出波406和408的图形表示仅仅是为了例示波406在例如作为单导线传输线路操作的导线402上感应出或以其它方式发起导波408的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于介电波导的形状和/或设计、介电波导对于导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、介电波导404的设计、导线402的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁性质等中的一个或多个而变化。
在一个实施例中,介电波导404的端部可以朝着导线402逐渐变细,以便增加耦合效率。实际上,根据本公开内容的示例实施例,介电波导404的端部的逐渐变细可以提供与导线402的阻抗匹配。例如,介电波导404的端部可以逐渐变细,以便获得如图4中所示的波406和408之间的期望水平的耦合。
在实施例中,耦接设备410可以被放置成使得在耦合设备410和介电波导404的端部之间存在短长度的介电波导404。当超过耦合设备410的介电波导404的端部的长度是对于正被发送的任何频率的一个或多个波长那么长时,增加的耦合效率得以实现。
现在转到图5,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器系统500的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。系统500包括基于从基站设备508接收的信号和发送到基站设备508的信号来发起和接收波(例如,到介电波导502上的导波504)的发送器/接收器设备506。
基站设备508的输出可以与由位于混频器510处的本地振荡器512生成的毫米波载波组合。混频器510可以使用外差技术或其它频移技术来频移来自基站设备508的信号。例如,发送到基站508和从基站508发送的信号可以是调制信号,诸如根据长期演进(LTE)无线协议或其它无线3G、4G或更高的语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WIMAX,超宽带或IEEE 802.11无线协议或其它无线协议格式化的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号。在示例实施例中,这种频率转换可以在模拟域中进行,作为结果,可以在不考虑基站设备508使用的通信协议的类型的情况下进行频移。根据实施例,随着新通信技术的发展,基站设备508可以被升级或被取代,而频移和传输装置可以保留,从而简化升级。然后,载波可以被发送到功率放大器(“PA”)514并且可以经由双工器516经由发送器接收器设备506被发送。
从发送器/接收器设备506接收的朝着基站设备508指引的信号可以经由双工器516与其它信号分开。然后传输可以被发送到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)518,用于放大。借助于本地振荡器512,混频器520可以将传输(在一些实施例中在毫米波频带中或大约38GHz)下移频到原始频率。然后,基站设备508可以接收传输。
在一个实施例中,发送器/接收器设备506可以是圆柱形(例如,在实施例中可以是中空的)金属或导电波导,并且介电波导502的端部可以被放置成接近发送器/接收器设备506或在其中,使得当发送器/接收器设备506生成传输时,导波耦合到介电波导502并作为导波504环绕介电波导502的波导表面传播。类似地,如果导波504入射(从导线耦合到介电波导502),则导波504然后进入发送器/接收器设备506并变成耦合到圆柱形波导或导电波导。
在一个实施例中,介电波导502可以完全由介电材料构建成,在其中没有任何金属或其它导电材料。介电波导502可以由尼龙、特氟隆、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其它塑料或其它不导电并适于促进电磁波在这种材料的外表面上传输的材料组成。在另一个实施例中,介电波导502可以包括导电/金属的芯,并且具有外介电表面。类似地,耦接到介电波导502以用于传播由介电波导502感应出的电磁波或用于向介电波导502供应电磁波的传输介质可以完全由介电材料构建成,在其中没有任何金属或其它导电材料。
应当指出,虽然图5示出发送器接收器设备506的开口比介电波导502宽得多,但这不是按比例的,并且在其它实施例中,介电波导502的宽度与中空波导的开口相当或比其略小。也未被示出,但是在一个实施例中,插入发送器/接收器设备506的波导502的端部向下逐渐变细,以便减少反射并增加耦合效率。
发送器/接收器设备506可以被可通信地耦接到基站设备508,并且作为替代,发送器/接收器设备506还可以被可通信地耦接到在图1中示出的一个或多个分布式天线112和114。在其它实施例中,发送器接收器设备506可以包括用于回程链路网络的转发器系统的一部分。
在耦合到介电波导502之前,由发送器/接收器设备506生成的导波的一个或多个波导模式可以耦合到导波504的一个或多个波传播模式。由于中空金属波导和介电波导的不同特性,波传播模式可以不同于中空金属波导模式。例如,波传播模式可以包括基本横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,而在导波沿导线传播的同时,电场和磁场从导线径向地向外延伸。在中空的波导内部不存在基本横向电磁模式波传播模式。因此,由发送器/接收器设备506使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合到介电波导502的波传播模式的波导模式。
现在转到图6,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的双介电波导耦合系统600的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在实施例中,两个或更多个介电波导(例如,604和606)可以定位在导线602周围,以便接收导波608。在实施例中,导波608可以被表征为表面波或其它电磁波。在一个实施例中,一个介电波导足以接收导波608。在那种情况下,导波608耦合到介电波导604并作为导波610传播。如果导波608的场结构由于各种外部因素而在导线602周围振荡或波动,则介电波导606可以被放置成使得导波608耦合到介电波导606。在一些实施例中,多达四个介电波导可以被放置在导线602的一部分的周围,例如,相对于彼此处于90度或另一间隔,以便接收可以在导线602周围振荡或旋转的导波,其中导波已经在不同的轴向取向处被感应出来或导波具有非基本的或更高阶的模式,此模式例如具有取向依赖的波瓣和/或空白或其它非对称性。但是,应当认识到,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,可以在导线602的一部分周围放置少于或多于四个介电波导。还将认识到,虽然一些示例实施例已经给出了在导线602的至少一部分的周围的多个介电波导,但是这多个介电波导也可以被认为是具有多个介电波导子组件的单个介电波导系统的一部分。例如,两个或更多个介电波导可以被制造为单个系统,该单个系统可以在单次安装中被安装在导线周围,使得介电波导根据该单个系统或预定位或相对于彼此可调节(手动地或自动地)。耦接到介电波导606和604的接收器可以使用分集组合来组合从两个介电波导606和604接收的信号,以便最大化信号质量。在其它实施例中,如果介电波导604和606中的一个或另一个接收到高于预确定阈值的传输,则接收器可以在决定使用哪个信号时使用选择分集。
应当指出,给出波608和610的图形表示仅仅是为了例示导波608在介电波导604上感应出或以其它方式发起波610的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、介电波导604的设计、导线602的尺寸和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘性、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
现在转到图7,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合系统700的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在系统700中,两个介电波导704和714可以放置在导线702附近,使得沿导线702传播的导波(例如,表面波或其它电磁波)作为波706耦合到介电波导704,然后被转发器设备710提升或转发,并且作为导波716被发起到介电波导714上。然后,导波716可以耦合到导线702并继续沿导线702传播。在一个实施例中,转发器设备710可以接收用于通过与导线702的磁耦合来提升或转发的功率的至少一部分,导线702可以是电力线路。
在一些实施例中,转发器设备710可以转发与波706相关联的传输,并且在其它实施例中,转发器设备710可以与位于转发器设备710附近的分布式天线系统和/或基站设备相关联。接收器波导708可以从介电波导704接收波706,发送器波导712可以将导波716发起到介电波导714上。在接收器波导708和发送器波导712之间,信号可以被放大,以校正信号损失和与导波通信相关联的其它低效。在一个实施例中,信号可以从传输中提取并且被处理或以其他方式经由可通信耦接到转发器设备710的分布式天线发射到附近的移动设备。类似地,由分布式天线接收的信号和/或通信可以插入到由发送器波导712生成并发起到介电波导714上的传输中。于是,图7中所描绘的转发器系统700在功能上可以与图1中的介电波导耦合设备108和110相比。
应当指出,虽然图7示出了分别从左边进入和至右边离开的导波传输706和716,但这仅仅是简化而不是意在限制。在其它实施例中,接收器波导708和发送器波导712还可以分别起到发送器和接收器的作用,从而允许转发器设备710是双向的。
在一个实施例中,转发器设备710可以放置在导线702上存在不连续或障碍物的位置处。这些障碍物可以包括变压器、连接件、电线杆和其它这种电力线路设备。转发器设备710可以帮助导波(例如,表面波)跳过在线路上的这些障碍物并且同时提升传输功率。在其它实施例中,可以使用介电波导来跳过障碍物而不使用转发器设备。在该实施例中,介电波导的两端可以都系在或紧固到导线上,从而为导波提供行进的路径而不被障碍物阻挡。
现在转到图8,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器800的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。双向介电波导耦合器800可以在两条或更多条导线串接在电线杆之间的情况下采用分集路径。由于导波传输基于天气、降水和大气条件对绝缘导线和非绝缘导线具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,因此,在一定时间,选择性地在绝缘导线或非绝缘导线上发送会是有利的。
在图8所示的实施例中,转发器设备使用接收器波导808接收沿着非绝缘导线802行进的导波,并通过使用发送器波导810以沿着绝缘导线804的导波转发该传输。在其它实施例中,转发器设备可以从绝缘导线804切换到非绝缘导线802,或者可以沿相同的路径转发该传输。转发器设备806可以包括传感器,或者与传感器通信,传感器指示会影响传输的条件。基于从传感器接收的反馈,转发器设备806可以确定是否沿着相同的导线保持传输,或者将传输转移到另一条导线。
现在转到图9,例示了双向转发器系统900的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。双向转发器系统900包括接收和发送来自位于分布式天线系统或回程链路系统中的其它耦合设备的传输的波导耦合设备902和904。
在各种实施例中,波导耦合设备902可以接收来自另一波导耦合设备的传输,其中该传输具有多个子载波。双工器906可以将该传输与其它传输分开,并且将该传输指引到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)908。借助于本地振荡器912,混频器928可以将传输(其在一些实施例中在毫米波频带内或大约38GHz)下移频到较低频率,无论它是用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频带原始频率还是用于回程链路系统的其它频率。提取器932可以提取与天线或其它输出组件922相对应的子载波上的信号,并将该信号指引到输出组件922。对于在这个天线位置处未被提取的信号,提取器932可以将它们重定向到另一混频器936,在另一混频器936中,这些信号被用来调制由本地振荡器914产生的载波。具有其子载波的载波被指引到功率放大器(“PA”)916并且经由双工器920被波导耦合设备904重新发送到另一个转发器系统。
在输出设备922(分布式天线系统中的天线)处,PA 924可以提升用于发送到移动设备的信号。LNA 926可以被用来放大从移动设备接收的弱信号,然后将该信号发送到多路复用器934,多路复用器934将该信号与已经从波导耦合设备904接收的信号合并。从耦合设备904接收的信号已经被双工器920分离,然后通过LNA 918,并被混频器938下移频。当信号被多路复用器934组合时,它们被混频器930上移频,然后被PA 910提升,并且被发送回发起器或通过波导耦合设备902发送到另一个转发器。在一个实施例中,双向转发器系统900可以仅仅是没有天线/输出设备922的转发器。应当认识到,在一些实施例中,双向转发器系统900还可以通过使用两个不同且分开的单向转发器来实现。在替代实施例中,双向转发器系统900还可以是提升器或以其它方式进行重新传输而无需上移频和下移频。实际上,在示例实施例中,重新传输可以基于在信号或导波的重新传输之前接收信号或导波并进行一些信号或导波处理或重新整形、滤波和/或放大。
图10例示了与上面提到的系统有关的过程。图10中的过程可以例如分别由图1-9中所示的系统100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800和900来实现。虽然出于简化说明的目的,将方法示出和描述为一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到,所要求保护的主题不受方框的次序限制,因为一些方框可以按照与本文所描绘和描述的次序不同的次序发生和/或与其它方框同时发生。而且,可能不要求所有例示的方框来实现下文描述的方法。
图10例示了用于利用如本文所述的介电波导耦合器发送传输的方法的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1000可以开始于1002,其中至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波由发送设备发射,其中波导的波导表面不是全部或大部分地包围导线的导线表面。由发送器生成的传输可以是基于从基站设备、接入点、网络或移动设备接收的信号。
在1004处,基于配置波导接近导线,然后导波将第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到导线表面,从而形成至少部分地围绕导线表面传播的第二电磁波(例如,表面波),其中导线接近波导。这可以响应于将介电波导的一部分(例如,介电波导的弧形的切线)定位在导线附近并与导线平行而进行,其中电磁波的波长小于导线和介电波导的周长。即使当导线弯曲和屈曲时,导波或表面波,也维持与导线平行。弯曲会增加传输损耗,这也取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如本文所述,导线和波导之间的耦合界面还可以被配置为实现期望水平的耦合,这可以包括使波导的端部逐渐变细,以改善波导和导线之间的阻抗匹配。
由发送器发射的传输可以表现出一个或多个波导模式。波导模式可以取决于波导的形状和/或设计。由于波导和导线的不同特性,导线上的传播模式可以不同于波导模式。当导线的周长在尺寸上相当于或大于传输的波长时,导波表现出多个波传播模式。因此,导波可以包括多于一种类型的电场和磁场配置。当导波(例如,表面波)沿导线传播时,电场和磁场配置可以从导线的一端到另一端保持基本相同,或者随着传输通过旋转、色散、衰减或其它效应横穿波而变化。
现在参考图11,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的计算环境的框图。为了提供用于本文所述实施例的各种实施例的附加上下文,图11和以下讨论意在提供对其中可以实现本文所述实施例的各种实施例的合适计算环境1100的简要一般描述。虽然上面已经在可以在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了实施例,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,实施例还可以与其它程序模块组合和/或作为硬件和软件的组合来实现。
一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。而且,本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明性方法可以用其它计算机系统配置来实践,其它计算机系统配置包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器的或可编程的消费电子产品等,这些中的每个可操作耦接到一个或多个相关联的设备。
除非上下文另有清楚说明,否则如权利要求中所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅仅是为了清晰,而不是另外指示或暗示任何时间次序。例如,“第一确定”、“第二确定”和“第三确定”不指示或暗示第一确定是在第二确定之前进行的,或者反过来,等等。
本文实施例的所示实施例还可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中某些任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备进行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以既位于本地存储器储存设备又位于远程存储器储存设备中。
计算设备通常包括各种介质,其可以包括计算机可读储存介质和/或通信介质,这两个术语在本文中如下彼此不同地使用。计算机可读存储介质可以是可由计算机访问的任何可用储存介质,并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移动和不可移动介质。通过举例,而非限制,计算机可读储存介质可以连同用于储存诸如计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据的信息的任何方法或技术来实现。
计算机可读储存介质可以包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其它存储器技术、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其它光盘储存器件(storage)、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储器或其它磁性储存设备或其它可以被用来储存期望信息的有形的和/或非暂时性介质。在这方面,当在本文被应用到储存器件、存储器或计算机可读介质时,术语“有形”或“非暂时性”应当被应理解为排除本身如修饰语那样仅仅传播暂时性信号,而不放弃对所有本身不仅仅传播暂时性信号的标准储存器件、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
计算机可读存储介质可以由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备访问,例如,经由访问请求、查询或其它数据检索协议,用于关于由该介质储存的信息的各种操作。
通信介质通常在诸如调制的数据信号(例如,载波或其它运输机构)的数据信号中体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它结构化或非结构化数据,并且包括任何信息输送或运输介质。术语“调制的数据信号”或信号是指其一个或多个特性按照使得在一个或多个信号中编码信息的方式被设定或改变的信号。通过举例,而非限制,通信介质包括有线介质,诸如有线网络或直接线连接,以及无线介质,诸如声学、RF、红外和其它无线介质。
再次参考图11,用于经由基站(例如,基站设备104和508)和转发器设备(例如,转发器设备710、806和900)发送和接收信号的示例环境1100包括计算机1102,计算机1102包括处理单元1104、系统存储器1106和系统总线1108。系统总线1108将包括但不限于系统存储器1106的系统组件耦接到处理单元1104。处理单元1104可以是各种市售的处理器中的任意一种。双微处理器和其它多处理器体系架构也可以被用作处理单元1104。
系统总线1108可以是可通过使用各种市售总线体系架构中的任意一种进一步互连到存储器总线(具有或不具有存储器控制器)、外围总线和局部总线的几种类型的总线结构中的任意一种。系统存储器1106包括ROM 1110和RAM 1112。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可以存储在诸如ROM、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM的非易失性存储器中,其中BIOS包含帮助诸如在启动期间在计算机1102内的元件之间转移信息的基本例程。RAM 1112还可以包括高速RAM,诸如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机1102还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)1114(例如,EIDE、SATA)(该内部硬盘驱动器1114还可以被配置用于在合适的机箱(未示出)中外部使用)、磁性软盘磁盘驱动器(FDD)1116(例如,以从可移动磁盘(diskette)1118读取或向其写入)和光盘驱动器1120(例如,读取CD-ROM盘1122,或者从诸如DVD的其它高容量光学介质读取或向其写入)。硬盘驱动器1114、磁盘驱动器1116和光盘驱动器1120可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口1124、磁盘驱动器接口1126和光盘驱动器接口1128连接到系统总线1108。用于外部驱动器实现的接口1124包括通用串行总线(USB)以及电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394接口技术中的至少一个或两者。其它外部驱动器连接技术在本文所述实施例的意图内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读储存介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性储存。对于计算机1102,驱动器和存储介质接纳以合适的数字格式的任何数据的存储。尽管上面的计算机可读储存介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可移动磁盘和诸如CD或DVD的可移动光学介质,但是本领域技术人员应当认识到,其它类型的计算机可读的储存介质,诸如zip驱动器、磁带盒、闪存卡、盒式磁带等,也可以在示例操作环境中使用,另外,任何这种储存介质都可以包含用于进行本文所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
多个程序模块可以储存在驱动器和RAM 1112中,多个程序模块包括操作系统1130、一个或多个应用程序1132、其它程序模块1134和程序数据1136。操作系统、应用程序、模块和/或数据的全部或部分也可以被高速缓存在RAM 1112中。本文所述的系统和方法可以利用各种市售的操作系统或操作系统的组合来实现。可以由处理单元1104实现和以其它方式执行的应用程序1132的例子包括由转发器设备806进行的分集选择确定。图5中示出的基站设备508也在存储器上储存可以由该示例性计算环境1100中的处理单元1104执行的许多应用和程序。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如,键盘1138和诸如鼠标1140的定点设备)将命令和信息输入到计算机1102中。其它输入设备(未示出)可以包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏板、触控笔、触摸屏等。这些和其它输入设备常常通过可以耦接到系统总线1108的输入设备接口1142连接到处理单元1104,但是可以通过其它接口(诸如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等)连接。
监视器1144或其它类型的显示设备也可以经由诸如视频适配器1146的接口连接到系统总线1108。还将认识到,在替代实施例中,监视器1144还可以是任何显示设备(例如,具有显示器的另一计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等),用于经由任何通信手段(包括经由互联网和基于云的网络)接收与计算机1102相关联的显示信息。除了监视器1144之外,计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(未示出),诸如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机1102可以通过使用经由有线和/或无线通信的到一个或多个远程计算机(诸如(一个或多个)远程计算机1148)的逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。(一个或多个)远程计算机1148可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐设备、对等设备或其它常见的网络节点,并且通常包括相对于计算机1102描述的许多或全部元件,但是,出于简洁的目的,仅例示了存储器/储存设备1150。所描绘的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)1152和/或更大的网络(例如,广域网(WAN)1154)的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中是常见的,并且促进企业范围的计算机网络(诸如内联网),所有这些都可以连接到全球通信网络(例如,互联网)。
当在LAN联网环境中使用时,计算机1102可以通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器1156连接到本地网络1152。适配器1156可以促进到LAN 1152的有线或无线通信,其还可以包括设置在其上的用于与无线适配器1156通信的无线AP。
当在WAN联网环境中使用时,计算机1102可以包括调制解调器1158或者可以被连接到WAN 1154上的通信服务器,或者具有用于经WAN 1154建立通信的其它手段(诸如通过互联网)。可以是内部或外部、有线或无线设备的调制解调器1158可以经由输入设备接口1142连接到系统总线1108。在联网环境中,相对于计算机1102描绘的程序模块或其部分可以储存在远程存储器/储存设备1150中。应当认识到,所示出的网络连接是示例,以及可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其它手段。
计算机1102可操作成与可操作地设置在无线通信中的任何无线设备或实体(例如打印机、扫描仪、台式和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、任何与无线可检测标签相关联的装备或位置(例如,信息站、报摊、洗手间)以及电话)进行通信。这可以包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和无线技术。因此,通信可以是与常规网络一样的预定义结构或者简单地是至少两个设备之间的adhoc通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许从家中的沙发、酒店房间中的床或者工作会议室连接到互联网,而无需电线。Wi-Fi是与在手机中使用的无线技术类似的无线技术,它使这种设备(例如计算机)能够发送和接收数据,在室内和室外;在基站范围内的任何地方。Wi-Fi网络使用被称为IEEE 802.11(a,b,g,n,ac等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可以被用来将计算机连接到彼此、连接到互联网以及连接到(可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网的)有线网络。Wi-Fi网络在例如无许可的2.4和5GHz无线电频带中操作,或者具有包含这两个频带(双频带)的产品,使得网络可以提供与在许多办公室使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络类似的现实世界性能。图12给出了可以实现和利用本文所述的所公开的主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台1210的示例实施例1200。在一个或多个实施例中,移动网络平台1210可以生成和接收由与所公开的主题相关联的基站(例如,基站设备104和508)和转发器设备(例如,转发器设备710、806和900)发送和接收的信号。一般而言,无线网络平台1210可以包括促进分组交换(PS)(例如,互联网协议(IP)、帧转发、异步传送模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)业务(例如,语音和数据)二者而且控制用于网络无线电信的生成的组件,例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台。作为非限制性示例,无线网络平台1210可以包括在电信运营商网络中,并且如本文其它地方所讨论的那样可以被认为是运营商侧的组件。移动网络平台1210包括(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212,其中CS网关节点1212可以接口从类如(一个或多个)电话网络1240(例如,公共交换电话网络(PSTN)或公共陆地移动网(PLMN))或信令系统#7(SS7)网络1270的传统网络接收到的CS业务。(一个或多个)电路交换网关节点1212可以授权并认证从这种网络产生的业务(例如,语音)。此外,(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212可以访问通过SS7网络1270生成的移动性数据,或漫游数据;例如,储存在被访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据,该数据可以驻留在存储器1230中。而且,(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212接口基于CS的业务和信令和(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218。作为例子,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212可以至少部分地在(一个或多个)网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现。应当认识到,(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212、(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218和(一个或多个)服务节点1216的功能和具体操作由用于电信的移动网络平台1210所利用的(一种或多种)无线电技术提供和规定。
除了接收和处理CS交换业务和信令,(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218还可以授权并认证利用被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可包括与无线网络平台1210外部的网络交换的业务,或(一个或多个)内容,其中无线网络平台1210外部的网络类如(一个或多个)广域网(WAN)1250、(一个或多个)企业网络1270以及(一个或多个)服务网络1280,这些网络可以在(一个或多个)局域网(WAN)中体现,也可以通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218与移动网络平台1210接口。应当指出的是,WAN 1250和(一个或多个)企业网1260可以至少部分地体现类如IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的(一个或多个)服务网络。基于在(一个或多个)技术资源1217中可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,(一个或多个)分组交换网关节点1218可以在数据会话被建立时生成分组数据协议上下文;促进分组数据的路由的其它数据结构也可以被生成。为此,在一方面,(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218可以包括隧道接口(例如,(一个或多个)3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道终止网关(TTG)(未示出)),该隧道接口可以促进与(一个或多个)不同的无线网络(诸如Wi-Fi网络)的分组通信。
在实施例1200中,无线网络平台1210还包括(一个或多个)服务节点1216,基于(一个或多个)技术资源1217内可用的(一个或多个)无线电技术层,该服务节点1216通过(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218传送所接收的数据流的各种分组流。应当指出的是,对于主要依赖于CS通信的(一个或多个)技术资源1217,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以不依赖(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218就输送业务;例如,(一个或多个)服务器节点可以至少部分地体现移动交换中心。作为例子,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(一个或多个)服务节点1216可以在(一个或多个)服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中体现。
对于利用分组通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台1210中的(一个或多个)服务器1214可以执行各种应用,这些应用可以生成多个完全不同的分组数据流,并且管理(例如,调度、排队,格式化...)这种流。(一个或多个)这种应用可以包括对由无线网络平台1210提供的标准服务(例如,供应、计费、客户支持...)的附加特征。数据流(例如,作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的(一个或多个)内容)可以被传送到(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218,用于数据会话的授权/认证以及启动,并且被传送到(一个或多个)服务节点1216,用于其后的通信。除了应用服务器,(一个或多个)服务器1214还可以包括(一个或多个)实用服务器,实用服务器可以包括供应服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分地实现证书授权和防火墙以及其它安全机制的安全服务器,等等。在一方面,(一个或多个)安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台1210被服务的通信,以便除了确保(一个或多个)CS网关节点1212和(一个或多个)PS网关节点1218可以制定的授权和认证程序,还确保网络的操作和数据的完整性。而且,(一个或多个)供应服务器可以供应来自(一个或多个)外部网络(类如由完全不同的服务提供商运营的网络;例如,WAN1250或(一个或多个)全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出))的服务。(一个或多个)供应服务器还可以通过关联到无线网络平台1210的网络(例如,被相同的服务提供商部署和运营)供应覆盖,该网络诸如是图1中所示的通过提供更多网络覆盖来增强无线服务覆盖的分布式天线网络。诸如图7、8和9中所示那些的转发器设备也改善网络覆盖,以便增强通过UE 1275的订户服务体验。
应当指出,(一个或多个)服务器1214可以包括被配置为至少部分地给予宏网络平台1210的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此,例如,该一个或多个处理器可以执行储存在存储器1230中的代码指令。应当认识到,(一个或多个)服务器1214可以包括内容管理器1215,其以基本上与前文所述相同的方式操作。
在示例实施例1200中,存储器1230可以储存涉及无线网络平台1210的操作的信息。其它操作信息可以包括通过无线网络平台1210被服务的移动设备的供应信息、订户数据库;应用智能、定价方案(例如促销价格、定额费率方案、优惠券活动);与用于操作完全不同的无线电或无线技术层的电信协议一致的(一个或多个)技术规范;等等。存储器1230还可以储存来自(一个或多个)电话网络1240、WAN 1250、(一个或多个)企业网1260或者SS7网络1270中的至少一个的信息。在一方面,存储器1230可以例如作为数据存储组件或作为远程连接的存储器储存的一部分被访问。
为了提供用于所公开主题的各个方面的上下文,图12和以下讨论意在提供对可以在其中实现所公开主题的各个方面的合适环境的简要的一般描述。虽然以上已经在可以在一台和/或多台计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了本主题,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所公开的主题也可以结合其它程序模块来实现。一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务和/或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构,等等。
现在转到图13a、13b和13c,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的开槽波导耦合器系统1300的示例、非限制性实施例的框图。在图13a中,波导耦合器系统包括导线1306,相对于波导1302定位,使得导线1306适配在波导1302中形成的相对于导线1304纵向伸延的槽内或其附近。波导1302的相对端部1304a和1304b以及波导1302本身包围着导线1306的导线表面的小于180度。
在图13b中,波导耦合器系统包括导线1314,相对于波导1308定位,使得导线1314适配在波导1308中形成的、相对于导线1304纵向伸延的槽内或其附近。波导1308的槽表面可以是非平行的,并且在图13b中示出了两个不同的示例性实施例。在第一实施例中,槽表面1310a和1310b可以是非平行的并且向外对准,略宽于导线1314的宽度。在另一个实施例中,槽表面1312a和1312b仍然可以是非平行的,但是变窄,以形成小于导线1314的宽度的槽开口。非平行槽表面的任何角度范围都是可以的,这些只是其中的两个示例性实施例。
在图13c中,波导耦合器系统示出了适配在波导1316中形成的槽内的导线1320。在这个示例性实施例中,槽表面1318a和1318b可以是平行的,但是导线1320的轴线1326不与波导1316的轴线1324对准。因此,波导1316和导线1320非同轴对准。在所示的另一个实施例中,导线1322的可能位置还具有不与波导1316的轴线1324对准的轴线1328。
应当认识到,虽然在图13a、13b和13c中分别示出了三个不同的实施例,其示出了a)包围着导线的小于180度的波导表面、b)非平行的槽表面,以及c)同轴未对准的导线和波导,但是在各种实施例中,可以有所列出的特征的多种组合。
现在转到图14,例示了根据本文所述各个方面的波导耦合系统1400的示例、非限制性实施例。图14描绘了在图2、3、4等中示出的波导和导线实施例的横截面表示。如在1400中可以看到的,导线1404可以直接位于波导1402旁边并且接触波导1402。在其它实施例中,如图15中的波导耦合系统1500所示,导线1504仍然可以放置成在波导条1502附近但不实际接触波导条1502。在这两种情况下,沿波导行进的电磁波都可以在导线上感应出其它电磁波,反之亦然。而且,在这两个实施例中,导线1404和1504都放置在由波导1402和1502的外表面限定的横截面区域的外部。
出于本公开的目的,当以横截面观察下波导不包围着大于180度的表面轴向区域时,波导不包围着导线的大部分导线表面。为了避免不确定,当以横截面观察下波导包围着180度或更少的表面轴向区域时,波导不包围着导线的大部分导线表面。
应当认识到,虽然图14和15示出了具有圆形形状的导线1404和1504以及具有矩形形状的波导1402和1502,但这并不意味着是限制的。在其它实施例中,导线和波导可以具有各种形状、尺寸和配置。形状可以包括但不限于:卵形或其它椭圆形形状、八边形、四边形或具有尖锐或圆形边缘的其它多边形,或者其它形状。此外,在一些实施例中,导线1404和1504可以是包括较小规格导线的绞合导线,诸如螺旋绞线、编织物或者其它单独绞线耦合成的单根导线。附图中所示和贯穿本公开内容所描述的任何导线和波导可以包括这些实施例中的一个或多个。
图16例示了与前面提到的系统有关的过程。图16中的过程可以例如分别由图1-9、13、14和15中所示的系统100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1300、1400和1500实现。虽然出于简化说明的目的而将方法示出和描述为一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到,所要求保护的主题不受方框的次序限制,因为一些方框可以按与本文所描绘和描述的不同的次序发生和/或与其它方框同时发生。而且,可能不要求所有例示的方框来实现下文描述的方法。
图16例示了用于利用如本文所述的波导来发送电磁波的方法1600的示例、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1600可以开始于1602,其中传输设备发射至少部分地在波导的表面上传播的第一电磁波。该方法可以在1604处继续,其中第一电磁波的至少一部分经由非同轴对准的波导被输送到导线的表面,由此形成至少部分地在导线表面周围沿导线传播的第二电磁波。
在本说明书,诸如“储存”、“储存器件”、“数据储存”、“数据储存器件”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与组件的操作和功能性相关的信息储存组件都是指“存储器组件”,或者体现在“存储器”中的实体,或包含存储器的组件。应当认识到,本文所述的存储器组件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器二者,作为例示而非限制,易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘储存器件和存储器储存器件。另外,非易失性存储器可以包括在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)或闪存存储器中。易失性存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM),它充当外部高速缓存存储器。作为例示而非限制,RAM以许多形式可用,诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。此外,本文所公开的系统或方法的存储器组件意在包括,但不限于包括,这些和任何其它合适类型的存储器。
而且,应当指出,所公开的主题可以利用其它计算机系统配置来实践,其它计算机系统配置包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、微型计算设备、大型计算机,以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如,PDA、电话、手表、平板电脑、上网本电脑、等等),基于微处理器的或可编程的消费者或工业电子产品,等等。所例示的各方面也可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备进行;但是,本公开内容的各方面就算不是全部也至少有一些可以在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以既位于本地又位于远程存储器储存设备中。
本文描述的实施例中的一些还可以采用人工智能(AI)来促进使本文所述的一个或多个特征自动化。例如,可以使用人工智能来确定围绕导线的应当放置介电波导604和606的位置,以便最大化转移效率。实施例(例如,结合自动识别在添加到现有通信网络之后提供最大化价值/利益的获取的小区站点)可以采用各种基于AI的方案来实施其各种实施例。而且,可以采用分类器来确定所获取的网络中的每个小区站点的排序或优先级。分类器是将输入属性向量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,...,xn)映射到该输入属于类的置信度(confidence)的函数,即f(x)=置信度(类)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或基于统计的分析(例如,分解成分析效用和成本)来预测或推断用户期望被自动进行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可以被采用的分类器的一个示例。SVM通过找出可能输入的空间中的超曲面来操作,其中超曲面试图分离触发标准与非触发事件。直观地,这使得分类对于接近训练数据但与训练数据不完全相同的测试数据进行校正。其它有向和无向模型分类方法包括,例如朴素贝叶斯、贝叶斯网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型,并且可以使用提供不同独立性模式的概率分类模型。如本文使用的分类还包括被用来开发优先级模型的统计回归。如将容易认识到的,一个或多个实施例可以采用经过显式训练(例如,经由通用训练数据)以及隐式训练(例如,经由观察UE行为、运营商偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。例如,SVM可以经由学习或示教阶段配置在分类器构造器和特征选择模块内。因此,(一个或多个)分类器可以被用来自动学习和进行多个功能,包括但不限于根据预定标准确定所获取的小区站点中哪个将有利于最大数量的订户和/或所获取的小区站点中哪个将向现有的通信网络覆盖添加最小价值,等等。
如在本申请中在一些上下文中所使用的,在一些实施例中,术语“组件”,“系统”等意在指,或者包括,与计算机相关的实体或者与具有一个或多个具体功能的操作装置相关的实体,其中实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。作为示例,组件可以是,但不限于是,在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、计算机可执行的指令、程序和/或计算机。通过例示而非限制,在服务器上运行的应用和服务器都可以是组件。一个或多个组件可以驻留在执行的进程和/或线程内,以及组件可以局限在一个计算机上和/或在两个或更多个计算机之间分布。此外,这些组件可以从其上存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质中执行。这些组件可以经由本地和/或远程进程来通信,诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如,来自一个与在本地系统、分布式系统中另一个组件交互和/或经由信号跨诸如互联网的网络与其它系统交互的组件的数据)的信号。作为另一个例子,组件可以是具有由电或电子线路操作的机械部件提供的特定功能的装置,电或电子线路由处理器执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中处理器可以在装置的内部或外部并且执行软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为再另一个例子,组件可以是通过没有机械部件的电子组件提供特定功能的装置,该电子组件可以在其中包括处理器,以执行至少部分地给予电子组件的功能的软件或固件。虽然各种组件被例示为单独的组件,但是应当认识到,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,多个组件可以被实现为单个组件,或者单个组件可以被实现为多个组件。
另外,各种实施例可以通过使用标准的编程和/或工程技术被实现为方法,装置或制品,来产生软件、固件、硬件或其任何组合来,以控制计算机实现所公开的主题。如本文所使用的,术语“制品”意在涵盖可从任何计算机可读设备或计算机可读储存/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读存储介质可以包括,但不限于,磁存储设备(例如,硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如,压缩光盘(CD)、数字通用盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪存储器设备(例如,卡、棒、键驱动器)。当然,本领域技术人员将认识到,在不背离各种实施例的范围或精神的情况下,可以对该配置做出许多修改。
此外,词语“示例”和“示例性”在本文中被用来指用作实例或例示。本文被描述为“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计并不一定要被解释为优于或胜过其它实施例或设计。相反,词语示例或示例性的使用意在以具体的方式给出概念。如在本申请中所使用的,术语“或”意在指包含性的“或”而不是排他性的“或”。即,除非另有指定或从上下文很清楚,否则“X采用A或B”意在指任何自然包含的排列。即,如果X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B二者,则“X采用A或B”在任何前述实例下都满足。此外,如在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的冠词“一”和“一个”应当一般性地被解释为指“一个或多个”,除非另有指定或从上下文清楚看出是针对单数形式。
而且,诸如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“手机(mobile)”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”(和/或表示类似术语的术语)可以指被无线通信服务的订户或用户用来接收或传送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。前述术语在本文可互换使用并且参照相关的附图。
此外,术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等贯穿全文可被互换采用,除非上下文证实这些术语之间的特定区分。应当认识到,这种术语可以指人类实体或者通过人工智能支持的自动化组件(例如,至少基于复杂的数学形式体系做出推论的能力),该自动化组件可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等。
如在本文所采用的,术语“处理器”可以指基本上任何计算处理单元或设备,包括但不限于包括,单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;以及具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。此外,处理器可以指被设计为进行本文所述功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或者其任意组合。处理器可以利用纳米级体系架构,诸如但不限于,基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化空间的使用或增强用户装备的性能。处理器还可以被实现为计算处理单元的组合。
如在本文所使用的,诸如“数据储存器件”、“数据库”的术语以及基本上任何其它与组件的操作和功能性相关的信息存储组件都是指“存储器组件”,或者体现在“存储器”的实体或包括存储器的组件。应当认识到,本文所述的存储器组件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器二者。
以上所描述的仅仅包括各种实施例的示例。当然,不可能出于描述这些示例的目的而描述组件或方法的每个可以想到的组合,但本领域普通技术人员可以认识到,给出的实施例的许多进一步的组合和排列都是可能的。因此,所公开和/或本文要求保护的实施例意在涵盖落入所附权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有这种更改、修改和变化。此外,就术语“包括(includes)”在详细描述或权利要求中被使用的范围而言,这种术语意在以类似于术语“包括(comprising)”的方式作为包含性的,就像当“包括”在权利要求中作为过渡词被采用时所解释的那样。
Claims (37)
1.一种装置,包括:
波导,其促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,其中所述波导表面不全部或大部分地包围导线的导线表面,以及,响应于相对于所述导线定位所述波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到所述导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕所述导线表面行进,以及其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述导线表面是所述导线的外表面,并且第二电磁波是沿着所述导线的所述外表面行进的表面波,其中所述表面波的电磁场基本在所述导线的外部。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导的一部分与所述导线平行定位,使得第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到所述导线。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述波导的与所述导线平行定位的所述部分是所述波导的端部。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述波导的所述端部被机械地耦接到所述导线。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导包括第一端部和与第一端部相对的第二端部,其中所述波导包括在第一端部和第二端部之间的弧形,并且其中所述弧形的一部分是所述波导的与所述导线平行定位的一部分。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第一电磁波和第二电磁波的相应波长中的每个都小于所述波导和所述导线的周长。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导是从第二中空金属波导接收第一电磁波的第一波导,其中第二中空金属波导具有使得第一波导的端部能够插入其中的尺寸和形状。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第二电磁波的所述波传播模式包括基模,所述基模具有覆盖所述导线的周长的场结构。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第二电磁波的所述波传播模式包括非对称模式,所述非对称模式具有依据围绕所述导线的纵轴的角度而变化的场幅度。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第二电磁波的所述波传播模式既包括基模又包括非对称模式。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导表面和所述导线表面中的一个或两个是绝缘的。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导表面和所述导线表面中的一个或两个是金属的。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导是包括介电材料的介电波导,并且其中第一电磁波具有既在所述介电波导的内部又在所述介电波导的外部的电磁场结构。
15.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第二电磁波包括频率在30GHz至60GHz范围内的载波信号。
16.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述波导表面不包围大于180度的导线表面的大部分。
17.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述导线包括单导线传输线路。
18.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中第二电磁波不要求电路在所述导线表面上传播。
19.一种装置,包括:
波导,其具有限定所述波导的横截面区域的波导表面,其中导线被定位在所述波导的所述横截面区域的外部,使得沿着所述导线部分地在所述导线表面上行进的第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到所述波导表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕所述波导表面行进。
20.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述波导的端部定位在中空金属波导的开口中,并且第二电磁波传播到所述中空金属波导中。
21.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述波导包括低损耗绝缘体材料。
22.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述波导的端部被机械耦接到所述导线并且与所述导线平行。
23.如权利要求22所述的装置,其中所述波导的所述端部通过使用非导电紧固件紧固到所述导线。
24.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述波导是弧形的,并且所述导线接近并平行于所述波导的弧形的切线。
25.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中第一电磁波和第二电磁波的波长小于所述导线和所述波导的相应周长。
26.如权利要求19所述的装置,还包括相对于所述导线的轴线与所述波导相对定位的第二波导,其中第一电磁波基于第一电磁波的场结构的位置而耦合到第一波导和第二波导中的一个或两个。
27.如权利要求19所述的装置,其中所述波导的端部朝着所述导线逐渐变细。
28.一种方法,包括:
通过发送设备,发射至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波,其中所述波导不与导线同轴对准;以及
配置所述波导接近所述导线,以促进第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到导线表面,从而形成至少部分地围绕所述导线表面传播的第二电磁波。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述发射包括发射其波长小于所述波导的周长的第一电磁波。
30.如权利要求28所述的方法,还包括:
将在所述导线上的入射的导波耦合到所述波导上,并将所述入射的电磁波馈送到接收设备中,其中所述入射的电磁波至少部分地在所述导线表面上并且至少部分地在所述波导表面上传播。
31.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述导线表面定位在所述波导的轴线处或远离所述轴线。
32.一种装置,包括:
波导,其具有由非平行的相对的槽表面形成的槽,其中所述相对的槽表面被分开一定距离,所述距离使得能够将导线插入所述槽中,其中所述波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,以及,响应于相对于所述导线定位所述波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到所述导线的导线表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕所述导线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
33.如权利要求32所述的装置,其中所述相对的槽表面非平行至少5度。
34.一种装置,包括:
波导,其中所述波导包括不导电并且适于在所述波导的波导表面上传播电磁波的材料,其中所述波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在所述波导表面上的传播,以及,响应于相对于导线定位所述波导,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到所述导线的导线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地围绕所述导线表面行进,以及其中第二电磁波具有波传播模式。
35.如权利要求34所述的装置,其中所述材料包括不导电的介电材料。
36.如权利要求34所述的装置,其中所述材料包括绝缘体。
37.一种利用放置成接近但非同轴对准于导线的波导来发送电磁波的方法,包括:
通过发送设备发射至少部分地在波导的表面上传播的第一电磁波;以及
经由所述非同轴对准的波导将第一电磁波的至少一部分输送到所述导线的表面,由此形成沿着所述导线至少部分地围绕所述导线表面传播的第二电磁波。
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- 2015-06-09 EP EP19157559.6A patent/EP3506515B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-09 KR KR1020187033491A patent/KR20180126628A/ko active Application Filing
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EP3186896B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
KR101921895B1 (ko) | 2018-11-26 |
MX2017002516A (es) | 2017-05-23 |
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US20190334221A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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US10096881B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
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US10396424B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
JP6333471B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
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US20160064794A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
US10784555B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
US20160261309A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
CN106605332B (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
EP3506515B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
CA2954971A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
KR20180126628A (ko) | 2018-11-27 |
EP3506515A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
US10784556B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
KR20170036777A (ko) | 2017-04-03 |
BR112017003674A2 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
EP3186896A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
US20170263995A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
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