CN1066835C - 电子费用支付系统 - Google Patents

电子费用支付系统 Download PDF

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CN1066835C
CN1066835C CN95191430.8A CN95191430A CN1066835C CN 1066835 C CN1066835 C CN 1066835C CN 95191430 A CN95191430 A CN 95191430A CN 1066835 C CN1066835 C CN 1066835C
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vehicle
toll payment
electronic toll
identifier
stored value
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CN1140503A (zh
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D·B·艾弗列特
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Mondex International Ltd
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Mondex International Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0866—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by active credit-cards adapted therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/363—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes with the personal data of a user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Abstract

使用电子现金费用支付的一种系统识别一个电子钱包并实现在通信系统上的价值转移而无需停止该运动体(车辆或个人)。暂时将运动体身份MID与钱包身份PID互相关联，而在满意地或不满意地完成往来时擦除一个或另一个身份，借此允许追踪未付款者同时保持无记名原则。

Description

电子费用支付系统
本发明涉及电子费用支付。费用为进入或使用一种设施的花费。就公路车辆而言，费用可以是为例如进入公路、隧道与桥梁而支付的。就个人而言，对诸如运动会等娱乐场所的入场费或公交设施的费用可看作费用。
费用收集的一个问题是它占用时间并且车辆与人群在通过收费门或转门时受到阻塞。已作出过费用的电子支付的建议，利用它，固定的传感器与通过的车辆或个人携带的装置远程交互作用，以及诸如该装置内的预付的代价券或卡被注销或部分注销作为支付。
设施专用的预付卡(例如电话卡)具有无记名的重大优点但使用不灵活。包含它们的交易是不安全的并且不是它们本身资金转移的交易。本发明的目的为用电子现金方便费用支付。
电子现金是保存在电子钱包中的。电子钱包是用在无现金交易的价值转移系统中的装置。价值是以电子方式从一个钱包或从银行或零售商的终端转移到另一个钱包中的。转移可通过钱包之间的直接电子连接、使用调制解调器的电话连接或者使用红外线或无线电的远程连接进行。令人满意的电子现金系统的关键性特征为真实、无记名与安全。当在一笔远程、无接触的交易中不可避免地用无线电、磁或光/红外线信号广播系统中的价值信息时，安全是一个特殊问题。在WO91/16691与WO93/08545号专利申请中描述了适用的电子现金系统。这里，用公开/秘密密钥加密系统保证交易的真正无记名与安全性。系统中的单个信息能在100ms以内发送，但在一笔交易中通常可能有三或四次信息交换而每一次的加密/解密可能要占用500ms。因此一笔通常的交易可能要占用数秒钟来完成。这对于使快速流动的交通在通过收费站时实现安全的电子现金交易时间太长。
远程费用支付系统的一个问题是在坚持无记名原则下保持追踪未付费的人的能力。强制支付的一种方法是布置成电子钱包必须带有完成费用支付的收条。物理抽查能揭露未支付并起阻碍作用。然而可能希望能够进行对未支付者的自动探测。如果要保持电子现金的无记名性，要做到这一点特别困难。
本发明的目的就是提供一种电子费用支付系统，它即能够保持电子钱包的无记名性又能够自动检测未付费者。
车辆的一种电子费用支付系统，在各车辆上有一个汽车通信装置和一个与通信装置联系的电子钱包，电子钱包为电子现金系统的一部分，所述电子费用支付系统包括：定位装置，供确定通信装置的位置；远程通信装置，供与通信装置保持联系，通过交换密码保密值传送信息缴付通行费；和车辆标识符识别装置，供获取识别汽车通信装置或载有电子钱包的车辆的车辆标识符，所述电子费用支付系统的特征在于，配备有标识符关联装置和标识符废除装置，前者供将车辆标识符与电子钱包标识符暂时连系起来，后者供(a)顺利完成通行费缴费任务时废除车辆标识符，或(b)完不成通行费交费任务时废除钱包标识符。利用这一配置，虽然将钱包标识符与运动体标识符相关联潜在地破坏了无记名性，但要指出这一关联只是暂时的。取决于交易的结果丢弃标识符中的一个或另一个保证无疑将这种关联破坏掉。如果未完成交易则能用运动体标识符来跟踪客户。因此，可以单独登记客户的通信装置而运动体标识符可以是该通信装置的标识符。特别是，通信装置可以是蜂窝式电话系统中的移动电话。该系统可以是一个GSM系统，其中的各电话机携带一个个人标识符芯片。从而可通过参照电话系统上的登记而识别客户。
运动体标识符可采用其它形式。例如，在公路收费系统中可在收费站上设置一台照相或电视摄象机来摄取车辆的号码牌照。如果令人满意地完成了费用支付交易便丢弃这些照片或者通常用的电视录像。作为替代，也可采用与车辆或通信装置关联的微波或无线电标签标识。
定位器装置可包括一个物理多路传输系统来识别单个运动体。然而，在某些配置中，一个通信装置仅在一个公共区域或在特定次序的区域中的出现便足以构成对费用支付的要求。
蜂窝式电话系统通过参照小区标识5便能给出电话机的粗略位置。在某些情况中这本身便可提供足够的定位器信息。
另外，设想可从诸如GPS(地理位置系统)卫星系统等导航系统获得定位器信息。
下面将参照附图进一步描述本发明，其中：
图1为按照本发明的费用支付系统的部分平面图；
图2为图1的通信装置与电子钱包的图；以及
图3为图1的费用支付系统的示意图。
参见图1，其中示出要征收费用的一条公路的一个三车道快车交费车行道1。交通小岛2在收费站3上形成各车道。三条快车车道4、5、6是供不停车电子费用支付用的。应能理解不带电子支付设施的车辆是通过传统的收费门(未示出)分流的。
三条车道中的每一条由触发来摄取各车辆的后部的对应的电视摄像机7、8、9监视。各车道还具有非常短距离的无线电发射机/接收机10、11、12，它们用电磁屏蔽与其邻居屏蔽开以给出只覆盖其各自的车道的各自的无线电射束覆盖区10f、11f、12f、以便与诸如示出在13上的一辆车进行局部化通信。
参见图2，其中示出了安装在车辆13的仪表盘上的通信装置14。该装置连接到车辆中的GSM数字电话15上并且还包含一个调谐到收费站上的单元10、11、12的频率上的非常短距离的无线电发射机/接收机16。通信装置14还具有一个槽来接纳智能卡(smart card)17形式的电子钱包。这便构成了WO91/16691与WO93/08545号专利公布中所描述的那种电子现金系统的一部分。该电子现金系统采用用上面说明书中所描述的加密价值信息的价值交易。
参见图3，车辆13示出车辆已全速通过了收费站。通过收费站时发射机/接收机16探测到来自发射机/接收机10的信号，并以输送电子钱包17的标识的一个数字串行信号应答。这一标识是在电子现金系统中唯一的。发射机/接收机16将这一标识传递给同时链接在视频录象机18上的一个相关器。相关器识别出与车辆13相关的视频录像帧，并将这一信息作为运动体标识信号(MID)连同相关联的钱包标识信息(PID)一起存储在存储器19中。
通信装置在发送了其PID之后被自动触发到呼叫全球移动通讯系统(GSM)电话系统上的一个预定号码并建立与公路经营者的电子钱包20的一条链路。起动一次电子资金转移将所需收费从客户的钱包17转移到钱包20中。在顺利地转移资金时，便将一条认可信息发送到钱包17，这可以显示在通信装置上的22处(图2)。
将成功的交易的PID从钱包20传送到中央单元22并用它来识别存储器中的PID，及至少擦除相关联的MID而最好擦除PID与MID两者。从而对于一次成功的费用支付，运动体标识符与钱包标识符之间不存在可识别的相互关联。电视图象则保留或不保留均可。
一个预定的时间之后未消除的任何MID表示由于这种或那种原因而使费用支付失败的车辆。对于这些MID，删除它们关联的PID以保持钱包的无记名性。用剩下的MID来识别适当的视频帧，能够自动地处理这些视频帧来抽取车辆车牌号码，以便催促它们的主人付款。某些车辆可能沿快车道通过而带着失效的或不带通信设备或钱包。将对这些车辆的视频图象进行处理用于追收费用及适当的罚款。
本地识别及随后用电子现金支付的原理可推广到个人身上。
可以利用诸如在询问时发射一个标识码的个人电子应答器或指纹读出器等各种个人标识方法。设想可用允许使用手持式通信装置的红外线通信系统来覆盖运动会的入口区。

Claims (7)

1．车辆(13)的一种电子费用支付系统，在各车辆(13)上有一个汽车通信装置(14)和一个与通信装置(14)联系的电子钱包(17)，电子钱包(17)为电子现金系统的一部分，所述电子费用支付系统包括：定位装置(2，3，4，5，6，10，11，12)，供确定通信装置(14)的位置；远程通信装置(10，11，12)，供与通信装置(14)保持联系，通过交换密码保密值传送信息缴付通行费；和车辆标识符识别装置(7，8，9，18)，供获取识别汽车通信装置(14)或载有电子钱包(17)的车辆(13)的车辆标识符，所述电子费用支付系统的特征在于，配备有标识符关联装置(19)和标识符废除装置(22)，前者供将车辆标识符与电子钱包标识符暂时连系起来，后者供(a)顺利完成通行费缴费任务时废除车辆标识符，或(b)完不成通行费交费任务时废除钱包标识符。
2．如权利要求1所述的电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，远程通信装置(10，11，12)为蜂窝系电话装置，各流动通信装置(14)为流动电话机，车辆标识符为流动电话机标识符。
3．如权利要求2所述的的电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，蜂窝系电话装置为包括个人智能卡的GSM装置，车辆标识符为GSM装置中的个人标识符。
4．如权利要求1所述的电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，车辆标识符为光学图像，获取光学图像的装置为与定位装置有关的摄影机(7，8，9)。
5．如权利要求1或4所述的电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，定位装置由车辆通道分配装置有关的观察站组成，从而使车辆(13)通过观察站时可以逐一分派到应通行的通道(4，5，6)。
6．如1至3任一权利要求所述电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，定位装置确定整个场所中是否有车辆(13)出现。
7．如1至4任一权利要求所述的电子费用支付系统，其特征在于，定位装置由无线电定位装置或卫星定位装置组成。
CN95191430.8A 1994-02-01 1995-02-01 电子费用支付系统 Expired - Lifetime CN1066835C (zh)

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GB9401924A GB9401924D0 (en) 1994-02-01 1994-02-01 System for road toll payment
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EP0741890B1 (en) 1998-07-29
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