CN107078758A - 针对电力线分发网络上的通信信号提供容错的方法和装置 - Google Patents
针对电力线分发网络上的通信信号提供容错的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开的各个方面可包括例如一种系统,所述系统用于检测电网的第一导线中的故障,所述故障影响沿着第一导线的表面传播的运送数据的电磁波的发送或接收,按照一种或多种选择标准从一个或多个备份通信介质中选择备份通信介质,并把数据重定向到该备份通信介质以回避所述故障。还公开了其他实施例。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年10月2日提交的美国专利申请序列号14/504,773的优先权。该美国专利申请的内容像在本文中阐述一样在此通过引用整体并入本申请中。
技术领域
本主题公开涉及在通信网络中提供容错的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其他便携式设备变得日益随处可见以及数据使用增长,宏小区基站设备和现有无线基础设施相应地要求更高的带宽容量,以便解决增长的需求。为了提供额外的移动带宽,正在进行小小区部署,同时微小区和皮小区为比传统宏小区小得多的区域提供覆盖。
附图说明
图1是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的导波通信系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图2是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图3是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图4是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图5是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图6是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图7是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图8例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图9例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向转发器系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图10A、10B和10C是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的开槽波导耦合器的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图11是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图12是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图13例示利用如本文中所述的介电波导耦合器传送传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图14是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的波导系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图15A、15B、15C、15D、15E、15F和15F例示可通过如本文中描述的图14的波导系统检测的干扰的来源的非限制性实施例的示例。
图16是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的用于管理电网通信系统的系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图17A例示用于检测和减轻图16的系统的通信网络中出现的干扰的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图17B例示用于检测和减轻图16的系统的通信网络中出现的干扰的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图18A例示用于减轻由如本文中描述的图14的波导系统检测的干扰的非限制性实施例的示例。
图18B例示用于减轻由如本文中描述的图14的波导系统检测的干扰的非限制性实施例的另一个示例。
图19例示用于减轻图20的通信系统中的故障的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。
图20是按照本文中描述的各个方面的通信系统的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图21是按照本文中描述的各个方面的计算环境的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图22是按照本文中描述的各个方面的移动网络平台的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
图23是按照本文中描述的各个方面的通信设备的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一个或多个实施例,在附图中自始至终相似的附图标记用来指相似的元件。在下面的描述中,为了解释的目的,阐述了众多的细节,以提供各个实施例的透彻理解。然而,显然可在没有这些细节(以及不应用于任何特殊的网络化环境或标准)的情况下,实践各个实施例。
为了提供与另外的基站设备的网络连接性,把通信小区(例如,微小区和宏小区)链接到核心网络的网络设备的回程网络对应地扩展。类似地,为了提供与分布式天线系统的网络连接性,链接基站设备及其分布式天线的扩展的通信系统也是合意的。可以提供一种导波通信系统,以使备选的增加或额外的网络连接性成为可能,并且可以提供一种波导耦合系统,以在导线(比如作为单线传输线路(例如,公用事业线路)操作、作为波导管操作和/或以其他方式操作,以引导电磁波的传输的导线)上发送和/或接收导波(例如,表面波)通信。
在实施例中,在波导耦合系统中利用的波导耦合器可由介电材料或者其他低损耗绝缘体(例如,特氟纶、聚乙烯等)组成,或者甚至由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料或者前述材料的任意组合组成。本详细描述自始至终对“介电波导管”的引用是用于例示的目的,而不把实施例限于仅由介电材料构成。在其他实施例中,其他介电或绝缘材料也是可能的。要意识到在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,多种传输介质可以与导波通信一起被利用。这种传输介质的例子可包括下述中的一个或多个(单独地或者以一种或多种组合):导线,不论是否绝缘,并且不管是单股的还是多股的;其他形状或构造的导体,包括导线束、电缆、杆、导轨(rai l)、管道;非导体,比如介电管、杆、导轨或者其他介电部件;导体和介电材料的组合;或者其他导波传输介质。
由于这些和/或其他考虑,在一个或多个实施例中,装置包含便利第一电磁波至少部分在波导表面上的传播的波导管,其中所述波导表面并不完全或大部分环绕导线的导线表面,并且响应于相对于导线布置的波导管,第一电磁波至少部分耦合到导线表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分环绕导线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿着所述导线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
在另一个实施例中,装置包括具有波导表面的波导管,所述波导表面定义所述波导管的横截面面积,其中导线位于波导管的横截面面积外侧,使得至少部分在导线表面上沿着导线行进的第一电磁波至少部分耦合到波导表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分环绕波导表面行进。
在实施例中,方法包括通过传输设备,发射至少部分在波导管的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波,其中所述波导管不与导线同轴对齐。所述方法还可包括把波导管配置在导线附近,以便利使第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到导线表面、形成沿着导线纵向传播并且至少部分环绕导线表面传播的第二电磁波。
在另一个实施例中,在一个或多个实施例中,装置包含具有通过对置不平行的槽面形成的槽的波导管,其中对置的槽面被分离开使得能够在所述槽中插入导线的距离,其中所述波导管便利第一电磁波至少部分在波导表面上的传播,并且响应于相对于导线布置的波导管,第一电磁波至少部分耦合到导线的导线表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分环绕导线表面行进,以用于沿着所述导线纵向传播,并且其中第二电磁波具有至少一种波传播模式。
在另一个实施例中,在一个或多个实施例中,装置包含波导管,其中所述波导管包含不导电并且适合于在波导管的波导表面上传播电磁波的材料,其中所述波导管便利第一电磁波至少部分在波导表面上的传播,并且响应于相对于导线布置的波导管,第一电磁波至少部分耦合到导线的导线表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分环绕导线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿着所述导线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种具有波导管的装置,所述波导管便利电磁波沿着还便利向设备递送电能的电网的导线的表面的发送或接收。所述装置还可包括一个或多个传感器,所述传感器便利不利于波导管、导线、沿着表面或波导表面传播的电磁波的发送或接收或者其任意组合的干扰的感测。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种方法,用于通过具有波导管和传感器的装置传送沿着便利向设备递送电能的导线的表面传播的电磁波,以及通过传感器感测不利于沿着所述表面传播的电磁波的干扰。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如,计算机可读、处理器可读等)存储介质,当由处理器执行时,所述可执行指令便利操作的执行,所述操作包括利用或经由波导管,感生沿着传输介质的表面引导的电磁波,以及从传感器收集感测数据,所述感测数据与不利于沿着传输介质的表面引导的电磁波的干扰相关联。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种具有处理器和存储器的装置。所述处理器可进行从耦合到传感器的波导系统接收遥测信息、从所述遥测信息检测不利于波导系统的操作、电磁波沿着导线表面或波导表面的发送或接收或者它们的组合之一的干扰、并报告所述干扰的操作。波导系统可包含可以相对于便利向设备递送电能的电网的导线布置的波导管。所述波导管还可以便利使沿着导线的导线表面的电磁波的发送或接收,而传感器可以便利感测不利于电磁波的干扰。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种方法,用于通过包含处理器的网络元件从波导系统接收遥测信息,通过所述网络元件根据包含在遥测信息中的感测数据确定干扰,以及通过所述网络元件向波导系统传送指令以调整电磁波的路由,从而避免或补偿确定的干扰。所述波导系统可便利电磁波沿着电网的导线的表面的传输,以及不利于电磁波的发送或接收的干扰的感测。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如,计算机可读、处理器可读等)存储介质,当由处理器执行时,所述可执行指令便利操作的执行,所述操作包括从在电网的导线的表面感生电磁波以用于向耦合到电网的接收通信设备递送通信信号的装置接收遥测信息,以及从所述遥测信息检测不利于向接收通信设备递送通信信号的干扰。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种包含第一波导管、第二波导管以及包括可由处理器执行的指令的存储器的波导系统。第一波导管可以相对于便利向设备递送电力和通信服务的电网的第一导线布置的。第一波导管便利沿着第一导线的第一表面传播以用于运送数据的第一电磁波的发送或接收。第二波导管可以相对于电网的第二导线而布置。处理器可以进行包括检测主通信链路中的故障,和响应于检测到故障把数据重定向到次通信链路在内的操作。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种通信系统,所述通信系统包含多个波导系统和包括可由处理器执行的指令的存储器。所述多个波导系统都可便利运送针对接收设备的数据并且沿着电网的第一导线或第二导线的表面传播的电磁波的发送或接收。在示例实施例中,电网的第一导线用作主通信链路,而电网的第二导线用作备份通信链路。处理器可进行包括响应于在主通信链路中检测到故障而指令所述多个波导系统中的第一波导系统把数据重定向到备份通信链路在内的操作。
本主题公开的一个实施例包括一种方法,用于检测电网的第一导线中影响运送数据并且沿着第一导线的表面传播的电磁波的发送或接收的故障,按照一种或多种选择标准从一个或多个备份通信介质中选择备份通信介质,以及把数据重定向到所述备份通信介质以回避所述故障。
本文中描述的各个实施例涉及一种用于从导线发射和提取导波(例如,作为电磁波的表面波通信)传输的波导耦合系统。在其中与装备的尺寸相比波长较小的毫米波频率(例如,30~300GHz)处,传输可以作为通过波导管(比如一条或一段介电材料或其他耦合器)引导的波而传播。导波的电磁场结构可在波导管内侧和/或外侧。当使该波导管极接近导线(例如,公用事业线路或其他传输线路)时,导波的至少一部分与波导管脱耦,并耦合到导线,并且继续作为导波(比如在导线的表面附近的表面波)传播。
按照示例实施例,表面波是由导线的表面(它可包括导线的外部或外表面)或者邻近或暴露于具有不同性质(例如,介电性质)的另一种介质的导线的另一个表面引导的一种导波。事实上,在示例实施例中,引导表面波的导线的表面可代表两种不同类型的介质之间的过渡面。例如,在裸线或非绝缘导线的情况下,导线的所述表面可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的裸线或非绝缘导线的外导电面或外部导电面。作为另一个示例,在绝缘导线的情况下,取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的性质(例如,介电性质)中的相对差异,并且还取决于导波的频率和一种或多种传播模式,导线的所述表面可以是导线的接触导线的绝缘体部分的导电部分,或者可以否则是导线的暴露于空气或自由空间的绝缘体表面,或者可以否则是导线的绝缘体表面和导线的接触导线的绝缘体部分的导电部分之间的任意材料区域。
按照示例实施例,可以使诸如表面波之类的导波与自由空间/空气上的无线电传输或通过导线的导体的电力或信号的常规传播形成对比。事实上,利用本文中描述的表面波或导波系统,常规电力或信号仍可通过导线的导体传播或被传送,同时按照示例实施例,导波(包括表面波和其他电磁波)可在导线的表面附近传播或被传送。在实施例中,表面波可具有主要或大体上在线路、导线或用于引导表面波的传输介质外侧的场结构(例如,电磁场结构)。
按照示例实施例,沿着导线并且在导线的外表面周围行进的电磁波是由沿着在所述导线附近的波导管行进的其他电磁波感生的。电磁波的感生可独立于通过作为电路的一部分的导线注入或者以其他方式传送的任何电位、电荷或电流。要意识到尽管响应于沿着导线的电磁波的传播可以形成导线中的小电流,不过这可以是由电磁波沿着导线表面的传播引起的,而不是响应于注入作为电路的一部分的导线的电位、电荷或电流而形成的。因此,在导线上行进的电磁波不需要电路来沿着导线表面传播。因此,导线是不是电路的一部分的单线传输线路。此外,在一些实施例中,导线不是必需的,并且电磁波可以沿着不是导线的单线传输介质传播。
按照示例实施例,结合导波(例如,表面波)使用的术语在导线“附近”可包括基本波传播模式,和具有至少部分环绕导线或其他传输介质的圆形或大体圆形的场分布(例如,电场、磁场、电磁场等)的其他导波。另外,当导波在导线或其他传输介质“附近”传播时,导波可按照不仅包括基本波传播模式(例如,零阶模式)而且另外或替代地包括其他非基本波传播模式(比如高阶导波模式(例如,1阶模式、2阶模式等)、不对称模式和/或环绕导线或其他传输介质具有非圆形场分布的其他导波(例如表面波)的波传播模式进行所述传播。
例如,这种非圆形场分布可以是带有由较高场强表征的一个或多个轴瓣和/或由较低场强、零场强或者大体为零的场强表征的一个或多个空区域的单边或多边分布。此外,按照示例实施例,场分布可以作为环绕导线的纵向轴向取向的函数而以其他方式变化,以使环绕导线的轴向取向的一个或多个区域具有比轴向取向的一个或多个其他区域高的电场或磁场强度(或者它们的组合)。要意识到当导波沿导线行进时,高阶模式或不对称模式的波的相对位置可变化。
现在参见图1,示出了例示导波通信系统100的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。导波通信系统100描绘其中可以使用介电波导耦合系统的示例性环境。
导波通信系统100可包含分布式系统150的第一实例,分布式系统150包括通信耦合到中心局101和/或宏小区站点102的一个或多个基站设备(例如,基站设备104)。基站设备104可通过有线(例如,光纤和/或电缆)连接或者通过无线(例如,微波无线)连接而连接到宏小区站点102和中心局101。分布式系统160的第二实例可被用来向移动设备122以及向住宅和/或商业机构142(本文中称为机构142)提供无线语音和数据服务。系统100可具有配电系统150和160的另外实例,用于向如图1中所示的移动设备122-124和机构142提供语音和/或数据服务。
诸如宏小区站点102之类的宏小区可具有与移动网络的专用连接,并且基站设备104可共享和/或以其他方式使用宏小区站点102的连接。中心局101可被用来向移动设备122-124和机构142分发媒体内容和/或提供因特网服务提供商(ISP)服务。中心局101可从一群卫星130(其中的一个在图1中示出)或者其他内容源接收媒体内容,并经由配电系统15和160的第一和第二实例把这些内容分发给移动设备122-124以及机构142。中心局101也可通信耦合到因特网103,用于向移动设备122-124和机构142提供因特网数据服务。
基站设备104可以安装在电线杆116上或者附加于电线杆116。在其他实施例中,基站设备104可以在变压器和/或位于电力线附近的其他位置附近。基站设备104可以便利移动设备122和124与移动网络的连接性。分别安装在电线杆118和120上或附近的天线112和114可从基站设备104接收信号,并把这些信号传送给与如果天线112和114位于基站设备104处或附近相比宽广得多的区域内的移动设备122和124。
注意为了简单的目的,图1在配电系统150和160的每个实例中显示了带有1个基站设备的3根电线杆。在其他实施例中,电线杆116可具有更多的基站设备,并且带有分布式天线和/或与机构142的系留连接的更多根电线杆也是可能的。
介电波导耦合设备106可以经由连接电线杆116、118和120的公用事业线路或电力线,把信号从基站设备104传送给天线112和114。为了传送信号,无线电源和/或耦合器106(例如,经由混频)把来自基站设备104的信号上变频或者以其他方式把来自基站设备104的信号转换成毫米波段信号,并且介电波导耦合设备106发射毫米波段波,所述毫米波段波作为沿着公用事业线路或其他导线行进的导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)传播。在电线杆118处,另一个介电波导耦合设备108接收所述导波(并且视情况可以根据需要或期望放大所述导波,或者作为数字转发器操作以接收和再生所述导波),并在公用事业线路或其他导线上作为导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)向前发送该导波。介电波导耦合设备108还可从毫米波段导波提取信号,并把所述信号下变频或以其他方式将其转换成其原始蜂窝频段频率(例如,1.9GHz或其他定义的蜂窝频率)或者另一个蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频段频率。天线112可把下变频的信号传送(例如,无线传送)给移动设备122。通过介电波导耦合设备110、天线114和移动设备124,可以根据需要或期望重复该处理。
来自移动设备122和124的传输也可分别由天线112和114接收。在介电波导耦合设备108和110上的转发器可以把蜂窝频段信号上变频或以其他方式转换到毫米波段,并通过(一条或多条)电力线把所述信号作为导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)传输传送给基站设备104。
由中心局101接收的媒体内容可经由基站设备104被供应给配电系统160的第二实例,以用于分配给移动设备122和机构142。可通过一个或多个有线连接或者无线接口,把介电波导耦合设备110系留到机构142。所述一个或多个有线连接可包括(但不限于)电力线、同轴电缆、光缆、双绞线电缆或者其他适合于媒体内容的分配和/或提供因特网服务的有线介质。在示例实施例中,来自波导耦合设备110的有线连接可通信耦合到位于一个或多个对应的服务区接口(SAI-未示出)的一个或多个甚高比特率数字用户线路(VDSL)调制解调器,每个SAI向机构142的一部分提供服务。VDSL调制解调器可用来选择性地向位于机构142中的网关(未示出)分配媒体内容和/或提供因特网服务。SAI也可通过有线介质(比如电力线、同轴电缆、光缆、双绞线电缆或其他合适的有线介质)通信耦合到机构142。在其他示例实施例中,波导耦合设备110可以无诸如SAI之类的中间接口地直接通信耦合到机构142。
在另一个示例实施例中,系统100可采用分集路径,其中在电线杆116、118和120之间成一行地排列两条或更多条公用事业线路或其他导线(例如,杆116和120之间的两条或更多条导线),并且沿着公用事业线路或其他导线的表面作为导波传送来自基站104的冗余传输。公用事业线路或其他导线可以是绝缘的或非绝缘的,并且取决于导致传输损耗的环境条件,耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或非绝缘公用事业线路或其他导线接收信号。所述选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量结果,或者基于确定的天气/环境条件(例如,水分检测器、天气预报等)。和系统100一起的分集路径的使用可以实现备选路由能力、负载均衡、增强的负载处理、并发的双向或同步通信、扩频通信等(更多的例示细节参见图8)。
注意,图1中的介电波导耦合设备106、108和110的使用只是通过示例的方式,并且在其他实施例中,其他使用也是可能的。例如,介电波导耦合设备可以用在回程通信系统中,提供与基站设备的网络连接性。在理想的是通过(不论是绝缘的还是非绝缘的)导线传送导波通信的许多情况下都可使用介电波导耦合设备。归因于不接触或者与可携带高电压的导线的有限物理和/或电接触,介电波导耦合设备比其他耦合设备有所改进。利用介电波导耦合设备,装置可以位于远离导线(例如,与导线间隔开)之处和/或位于导线上,只要它不与导线电接触即可,因为电介质充当绝缘体,允许便宜、容易和/或不太复杂的安装。然而如前所述,例如在其中导线对应于电话网络、有线电视网络、宽带数据服务、光纤通信系统或者采用低电压或具有绝缘传输线路的其他网络的构造中,可以采用导电或非介电耦合器。
此外注意,尽管在实施例中例示了基站设备104和宏小区站点102,不过其他网络构造同样是可能的。例如,可按照类似的方式采用诸如接入点或其他无线网关之类的设备,以便扩展其他网络(比如无线局域网、无线个人局域网或者按照诸如802.11协议、WIMAX协议、超宽带协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议或其他无线协议之类的通信协议操作的其他无线网络)的范围。
现在转至图2,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合系统200的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统200包含介电波导管204,所述介电波导管204具有作为导波在介电波导管204的波导表面附近传播的波206。在实施例中,介电波导管204是弯曲的,并且波导管204的至少一部分可被放置在导线202附近,以便如本文中所述便利波导管204和导线202之间的耦合。介电波导管204可被放置成以使弯曲的介电波导管204的一部分平行于或者大体平行于导线202。介电波导管204的平行于导线的部分可以是曲线的顶点或者曲线的切线与导线202平行的任意点。当这样布置或放置介电波导管204时,沿着介电波导管204行进的波206至少部分耦合到导线202,并且作为导波208环绕或者在导线202的导线表面附近并且沿着导线202纵向传播。导波208可被表征为表面波或其他电磁波,不过也可在不脱离示例实施例的情况下支持其他类型的导波208。波206的未耦合到导线202的部分作为波210沿着介电波导管204传播。要意识到介电波导管204可相对于导线202被配置和布置在多个位置,以实现期望的波206与导线202的耦合或非耦合水平。例如,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,平行于或大体平行于导线202的介电波导管2014的曲率和/或长度以及其与导线202的分离距离(在实施例中,它可包括零分离距离)可变化。同样,可根据导线202和介电波导管204的相应的内在特性(例如,厚度、成分、电磁性质等)以及波206和208的特性(例如,频率、能级等)的考虑,变化介电波导管204相对于导线202的布置。
即使当导线202弯折时,导波208仍然保持平行或大体平行于导线202。导线202中的弯曲会增大传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率传递而选择介电波导管204的尺寸,那么波206中的大部分功率被传递给导线202,少量功率保留在波210中。要意识到在有或没有基本传输模式的情况下沿着平行或大体平行于导线202的路径行进的同时,导波208本质上可仍然是多模态的(本文中讨论的),包括具有作为非基本或不对称模式的模式。在实施例中,可以利用非基本或不对称模式,使传输损耗最小化和/或获得增大的传播距离。
注意,术语平行一般是在真实系统中通常不可精确实现的几何构造。因而,当用来描述在本主题公开中公开的实施例时,在本主题公开中利用的用语平行表示近似,而不是精确的构造。在实施例中,大体平行可包括在所有维度中在真正平行的30度内的近似。
在实施例中,波206可表现出一种或多种波传播模式。介电波导模式可取决于波导管204的形状和/或设计。波206的所述一种或多种介电波导模式可生成、影响或冲击沿着导线202传播的导波208的一种或多种波传播模式。在实施例中,导线202上的波传播模式可类似于介电波导模式,因为波206和208都分别在介电波导管204和导线202的外侧附近传播。在一些实施例中,当波206耦合到导线202时,归因于介电波导管204和导线202之间的耦合,模式可改变形式,或者可以创建或产生新的模式。例如,介电波导管204和导线202的尺寸、材料和/或阻抗中的差异可能创建介电波导管模式中不存在的额外模式,和/或抑制介电波导模式中的一些模式。波传播模式可包含基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场径向向外延伸,而导波沿着导线传播。这种导波模式可以是环形的,其中几乎没有电磁场存在于介电波导管204或导线202内。
波206和208可包含其中各个场径向向外延伸的基本TEM模式,并且还包含其他非基本模式(例如,不对称模式、更高级别模式等)。尽管上面讨论了特定的波传播模式,不过基于采用的频率、介电波导管204的设计、导线202的尺寸和成分、以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁特性等,其他波传播模式同样是可能的,比如横向电(TE)和横向磁(TM)模式。应注意,取决于频率、导线202的电和物理特性以及产生的特殊波传播模式,导波208可沿着氧化非绝缘导线、未氧化的非绝缘导线、绝缘导线的导电表面和/或沿着绝缘导线的绝缘表面行进。
在实施例中,介电波导管204的直径小于导线202的直径。对于使用的毫米波段波长,介电波导管204支持组成波206的单波导模式。这种单波导模式在其耦合到作为表面208的导线202时会改变。如果介电波导管204较大,那么可以支持不止一种波导模式,不过这些额外的波导模式未必高效地耦合到导线202,从而会导致较高的耦合损耗。然而,在一些备选实施例中,例如,在较高的耦合损耗是合意的情况下或者当结合其他技术一起使用以按其他方式降低耦合损耗时(例如,利用渐细的阻抗匹配等),介电波导管204的直径可以等于或小于导线202的直径。
在实施例中,波206和208的波长在大小方面与介电波导管204和导线202的周长相当,或者小于所述周长。在示例中,如果导线202具有0.5cm的直径和约1.5cm的对应周长,那么传输的波长约为1.5cm或者更小,对应于20GHz或更大的频率。在另一个实施例中,传输和载波信号的合适的频率在30~100GHz的范围内,可能大约30~60GHz,并且在一个示例中大约38GHz。在实施例中,当介电波导管204和导线202的周长在大小方面与传输的波长相当或者大于传输的波长时,波206和208可表现出多种波传播模式,包括传播足够距离以支持本文中描述的各种通信系统的基本和/或非基本(对称和/或不对称)模式。波206和208因此可包含不止一种类型的电场和磁场构造。在实施例中,当导波208沿着导线202传播时,从导线202的一端到另一端,电场和磁场构造将保持不变。在其他实施例中,当导波208遭遇干扰或者归因于传输损耗而损失能量时,随着导波208沿着导线202传播,电场和磁场构造会改变。
在实施例中,介电波导管204可由尼龙、特氟纶、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或其他塑料构成。在其他实施例中,其他介电材料也是可能的。导线202的导线表面可以是带有裸露的金属面的金属表面,或者可以利用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或其他覆盖物被绝缘。在实施例中,可以使介电或另外的不导电/绝缘波导管与裸线/金属导线或者绝缘导线配对。在其他实施例中,可以使金属和/或导电波导管与裸线/金属导线或绝缘导线配对。在实施例中,(例如,从把裸露的金属面暴露在氧气/空气下而产生的)导线202的裸露金属面上的氧化层也可提供与通过一些绝缘体或覆盖物提供的绝缘或介电性质类似的绝缘或介电性质。
注意,呈现波206、208和210的图形表示仅仅是为了例示波206在例如作为单线传输线路操作的导线202上感生或以其他方式发射导波208的原理。波210代表在生成导波208之后残留在介电波导管204上的那部分波206。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可取决于采用的频率、一种或多种特定的波传播模式、介电波导管204的设计、导线202的尺寸和成分以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
注意,介电波导管204可包括在介电波导管204的端部的终止电路或阻尼器214,终止电路或阻尼器214可以吸收来自波210的剩余辐射或能量。终止电路或阻尼器214可以防止来自波210的剩余辐射或能量反射回发射器电路212和/或使所述反射最小化。在实施例中,终止电路或阻尼器214可包括终止电阻器和/或进行阻抗匹配以减弱反射的其他组件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高和/或波210足够小,那么不必使用终止电路或阻尼器214。为了简单起见,在其他附图中未描绘这些发射器和终止电路或阻尼器212和214,不过在这些实施例中,可能使用发射器和终止电路或阻尼器。
此外,尽管呈现了生成单个导波208的单个介电波导管204,不过可以采用沿着导线202在不同点和/或在导线周围按不同轴向取向放置的多个介电波导管204,以生成和接收按相同或不同频率、相同或不同相位、相同或不同波传播模式的多个导波208。经由诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制之类的调制技术,和经由诸如频分复用、时分复用、码分复用、经由不同波传播模式和经由其他调制及接入策略的复用之类的多址接入技术,一个或多个导波208可被调制以传输送数据。
现在转至图3,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合系统300的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统300包含介电波导管304和导线302,导线302具有作为导波在导线302的导线表面附近传播的波306。在示例实施例中,波306可被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。
在示例实施例中,介电波导管304被弯曲,或者以其他方式具有曲率,并且可被放置在导线302附近,以使弯曲的介电波导管304的一部分平行或者大体平行于导线302。介电波导管304的平行于导线的部分可以是曲线的顶点或者曲线的切线与导线302平行的任意点。当介电波导管304在导线附近时,沿着导线302行进的导波306可耦合到介电波导管304,并且作为导波308在介电波导管304附近传播。导波306的未耦合到介电波导管304的部分作为导波310(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)沿着导线302传播。
即使当导线302和介电波导管304弯折时,导波306和308仍然分别保持平行于导线302和介电波导管304。弯曲会增大传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率传递而选择介电波导管304的尺寸,那么导波306中的大部分能量被耦合到介电波导管304,少量能量保留在导波310中。
在实施例中,可在波导管304的端部放置接收器电路以接收波308。可在波导管304的相反端上放置终止电路,以便接收耦合到波导管304的沿着与导波306相反的方向行进的导波。终止电路从而将避免反射被接收器电路接收和/或使其最小化。如果反射较小,那么终止电路不是必需的。
注意,介电波导管304可被配置成以使表面波306的所选择的极化作为导波308被耦合到介电波导管304。例如,如果导波306由带有相应极化的导波或波传播模式构成,那么介电波导管304可被配置成接收(一个或多个)所选择的极化的一个或多个导波。从而,耦合到介电波导管304的导波308是与(一个或多个)所选择的极化中的一个或多个极化对应的一组导波,并且此外,导波310可包含不匹配(一个或多个)所选择的极化的导波。
介电波导管304可被配置成基于放置介电波导管304的角度/环绕导线302的转动,接收特定极化的导波。例如,如果导波306是水平极化的,那么大部分的导波306作为波308传递到介电波导管。然而当介电波导管304环绕导线302被转动90度时,来自导波306的大部分能量会作为导波310仍然耦合到所述导线,并且只有小部分的能量会作为波308耦合到导线302。
注意,在图3和说明书中的其他附图中,利用3个圆形符号示出波306、308和310。这些符号用来表示一般导波,而不意味着波306、308和310必须是圆极化的或者以其他方式圆形取向的。事实上,波306、308和310可包括其中各个场径向向外延伸的基本TEM模式,并且还包括其他非基本(例如,更高级别等)模式。这些模式本质上也可以是不对称的(例如,径向的、双边的、三边的、四边的,等等)。
此外注意,导线上的导波通信可以是全双工的,从而允许两个方向上的同时通信。沿着一个方向行进的波可经过沿着相反方向行进的波。由于施加于波的叠加原理,电磁场可能在特定点短时间抵消。沿着相反方向行进的波好像其他波不存在似地传播,不过对观察者来说的合成效果可以是固定的驻波模式。当导波相互经过并且不再处于叠加状态时,干扰平息。当导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)耦合到波导管并且远离导线时,由其他导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)引起的任何干扰降低。在实施例中,当导波306(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)接近介电波导管304时,在导线302上从左向右行进的另一个导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)(未示出)通过导致局部干扰而经过。当导波306作为波308耦合到介电波导管304并远离导线302时,由经过的导波引起的任何干扰平息。
注意,呈现波306、308和310的图形表示仅仅是为了例示导波306在介电波导管304上感生或以其他方式发射波308的原理。导波310代表在产生波308之后残留在导线302上的那部分导波306。作为这种导波传播的结果而产生的实际电场和磁场可取决于介电波导管的形状和/或设计、介电波导管与导线的相对位置、采用的频率、介电波导管304的设计、导线302的尺寸和成分以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等中的一个或多个而变化。
现在参见图4,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合系统400的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统400包含介电波导管404,所述介电波导管404具有作为导波在介电波导管404的波导表面附近传播。在实施例中,介电波导管404是弯曲的,并且介电波导管404的一端可被打结、固定或以其他方式机械耦合到导线402。当介电波导管404的所述端部被固定到导线402时,介电波导管404的所述端部平行或大体平行于导线402。替代地,介电波导管的超出端部的另一部分可被固定或耦合到导线402,以致该固定或耦合部分平行或大体平行于导线402。耦合设备410可以是与介电波导管404分离或者构造成介电波导管404的集成组件的尼龙束带或其他类型的不导电/介电材料。介电波导管404可以不环绕导线402地邻近导线402。
当端部平行于导线402地放置介电波导管404时,沿着介电波导管404行进的导波406耦合到导线402,并作为导波408在导线402的导线表面附近传播。在示例实施例中,导波408可被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。
注意,呈现波406和408的图形表示仅仅是为了例示波406在例如作为单线传输线路操作的导线402上感生或以其他方式发射导波408的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而产生的实际电场和磁场可取决于介电波导管的形状和/或设计、介电波导管与导线的相对位置、采用的频率、介电波导管404的设计、导线402的尺寸和成分以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等中的一个或多个而变化。
在实施例中,介电波导管404的一端可朝着导线402逐渐减小,以便增大耦合效率。实际上,按照本公开的例证实施例,介电波导管404的端部的逐渐减小可提供与导线402的阻抗匹配。例如,可使介电波导管404的一端逐渐减小,以便获得波406和408之间的期望的耦合水平,如图4中图解所示。要意识到可以使用其他形状的介电波导管404。例如,介电波导管404可包括锥形端部,并且可包括产生除简单斜面之外的形状的复杂切口。
在实施例中,耦合设备410可被放置成以致在耦合设备410和介电波导管404的端部之间存在长度较短的介电波导管404。当对于无论什么频率被传送,超出耦合设备410的介电波导管404的端部的长度都至少为几个波长时,实现最大的耦合效率。
现在转至图5,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的介电波导耦合器和收发器系统500(本文中共同称为系统500)的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。系统500包括发射和接收波(例如,到介电波导管502上的导波504)的发射器/接收器设备506。导波504可用来运送通过通信接口501的方式接收自和发送给基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524的信号。通信接口501可以是系统500的必须的部分。替代地,通信接口501可被系留到系统500。通信接口501可包含用于利用各种无线信令协议(例如,LTE、WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE 802.xx等)任意之一,与基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524接口连接的无线接口。通信接口501还可包含有线接口,比如光纤线路、同轴电缆、双绞线或者适合于向基站520或建筑物524传送信号的其他有线介质。对于其中系统500起转发器作用的实施例,通信接口501不是必需的。
通信接口501的输出信号(例如,Tax)可以在混频器510处与由本地振荡器512生成的毫米波载波结合。混频器510可以使用差拍技术或其他频移技术,对来自通信接口501的输出信号进行频移。例如,往来于通信接口501的信号可以是调制信号,比如按照长期演进(LTE)无线协议或其他无线3G、4G、5G或更高的语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WiMAX、超宽带或IEEE 802.11无线协议或者其他无线协议格式化的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号。在示例实施例中,可以在模拟域中进行这种频率变换,结果,可以不考虑基站520、移动设备522或建筑内设备524使用的通信协议的类型地进行频移。当研发出新的通信技术时,通信接口501可被升级或替换,并且通过简单的升级,频移和传输装置可以保留。载波随后可被发送给功率放大器(“PA”)514,并且可经由双工器516,经由发射器/接收器设备506而传送。
经由双工器516,可把从发射器/接收器设备506接收的针对通信接口501的信号与其他信号分离开。传输随后可被发送给低噪声放大器(“LNA”)518,以用于放大。在本地振荡器512的帮助下,混频器521可把传输(所述传输在毫米波波段中,或者在一些实施例中大约38GHz)下变频到固有频率。通信接口501随后可在输入端口(Rx)处接收该传输。
在实施例中,发射器/接收器设备506可包括圆柱形或非圆柱形金属(例如在实施例中,它可以是中空的,不过不一定按比例绘制)或者其他导电或不导电波导管,并且介电波导管502的一端可被放置在该波导管或发射器/接收器设备506中或附近,以致当发射器/接收器设备506产生传输时,导波耦合到介电波导管502,并作为导波504在介电波导管502的波导表面附近传播。类似地,如果导波504到来(从导线耦合到介电波导管502),那么导波504随后进入发射器/接收器设备506,并且耦合到圆柱形波导管或导电波导管。尽管发射器/接收器设备506被示为包括分离的波导管--不过在无分离的波导管的情况下,可以采用天线、空腔谐振器、速调管、磁控管、行波管或者其他辐射元件来在波导管502上感生导波。
在实施例中,介电波导管502可以完全由介电材料(或者另一种合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中无任何金属材料或另外的导电材料。介电波导管502可由尼龙、特氟纶、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其他塑料、或者不导电并且适合于便利电磁波在这些材料的外表面上的传输的其他材料构成。在另一个实施例中,介电波导管502可包括导电/金属芯,并且具有外部介电表面。类似地,耦合到介电波导管502用于传播由介电波导管502感生的电磁波,或者用于把电磁波供应给介电波导管502的传输介质可完全由介电材料(或者另一种合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中无任何金属材料或另外的导电材料。
注意,尽管图5示出发射器/接收器设备506的开口远宽于介电波导管502,不过这不是按比例的,并且在其他实施例中,介电波导管502的宽度与中空波导管的开口相当或者稍小。此外尽管未示出,不过在实施例中,波导管502的插入发射器/接收器设备506中的一端逐渐减小,以便减少反射和增大耦合效率。
发射器/接收器设备506可通信耦合到通信接口501,并且替代地,发射器/接收器设备506也可通信耦合到图1中所示的一个或多个分布式天线112和114。在其他实施例中,发射器/接收器设备506可包含用于回程网络的转发器系统的一部分。
在耦合到介电波导管502之前,由发射器/接收器设备506生成的导波的一种或多种波导模式可耦合到导波504的一种或多种波传播模式。归因于中空金属波导管和介电波导管的不同特性,波传播模式可不同于中空金属波导模式。例如,波传播模式可包含基本横向电磁模式(准-TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播的方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场从介电波导管502径向向外延伸,而导波沿着介电波导管502传播。在中空的波导管内侧,不存在基本横向电磁模式波传播模式。因此,由发射器/接收器设备506使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合到介电波导管502的波传播模式的波导模式。
现在转至图6,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的双介电波导耦合系统600的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。在实施例中,可在导线602周围布置两个或更多个介电波导管(例如,604和606),以便接收导波608。在实施例中,导波608可被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。在实施例中,一个介电波导管足以接收导波608。在该情况下,导波608耦合到介电波导管604,并作为导波610传播。如果由于各种外侧因素,导波608的场结构环绕导线602振荡或波动,那么介电波导管606可被放置成以致导波608耦合到介电波导管606。在一些实施例中,可环绕导线602的一部分(例如,按相对于彼此成90度或另一间隔地放置4个或更多个介电波导管,以便接收环绕导线602振荡或转动的,在不同的轴向取向处感生的,或者具有例如具有取决于取向的波瓣和/或空区域或其他不对称的非基本或高阶模式的导波。然而,要意识到在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,环绕导线602的一部分放置的介电波导管可以少于或多于4个。还要意识到尽管一些示例实施例呈现了环绕导线602的至少一部分的多个介电波导管,不过该多个介电波导管也可被视为具有多个介电波导管子组件的单个介电波导系统的一部分。例如,两个或更多个介电波导管可被制造成可在单个安装中环绕导线安装的单个系统,以致按照该单个系统,介电波导管或者是预置的或者可(手动或自动地)相对于彼此调节。耦合到介电波导管606和604的接收器可使用分集组合,以组合从介电波导管606和604接收的信号,以使信号质量最大化。在其他实施例中,如果介电波导管604和606中的一个或另一个接收到高于预定阈值的传输时,那么当决定要使用哪个信号时,接收器可使用选择分集。
注意,呈现波608和610的图形表示仅仅是为了例示导波608在介电波导管604上感生或以其他方式发射波610的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而产生的实际电场和磁场可取决于采用的频率、介电波导管604的设计、导线602的尺寸和成分以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
现在转至图7,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向介电波导耦合系统700的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。在系统700中,两个介电波导管704和714可被放置在导线702附近,以致沿着导线702传播的导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)作为波706被耦合到介电波导管704,并且随后由转发器设备710增强或转发,并且作为导波716被发射到介电波导管714上。导波716随后可耦合到导线702,并且继续沿着导线702传播。在实施例中,通过与导线702(它可是电力线)的磁耦合,转发器设备710可接收被利用于增强或转发的功率的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中,转发器设备710可转发与波706相关联的传输,并且在其他实施例中,转发器设备710可以与位于转发器设备710附近的分布式天线系统和/或基站设备相关联。接收器波导管708可从介电波导管704接收波706,并且发射器波导管712可把导波716发射到介电波导管714上。在接收器波导管708和发射器波导管712之间,信号可被放大,以校正信号损失或者与导波通信相关联的其他低效率,或者信号可被接收和处理以提取包含在其中的数据,并重新生成信号以用于传输。在实施例中,信号可从传输提取并被处理,并且另外经由通信耦合到转发器设备710的分布式天线发射给移动设备。类似地,由分布式天线接收的信号和/或通信可被插入由发射器波导管712生成并发射到介电波导管714上的传输中。因而,图7中描绘的转发器系统700在功能方面可与图1中的介电波导耦合设备108和110相当。
注意,尽管图7示出分别从左边进入并且从右边退出的导波传输706和716,不过这仅仅是简化,而非旨在为限制性的。在其他实施例中,接收器波导管708和发射器波导管712也可分别起发射器和接收器的作用,从而允许转发器设备710是双向的。
在实施例中,转发器设备710可被放置在导线702上存在间断或障碍物的位置处。这些障碍物可包括变压器、连接、电线杆和其他这样的电力线设备。转发器设备710可帮助导波(例如,表面波)跳过线路上的这些障碍物,并且同时增强传输功率。在其他实施例中,可以使用介电波导管来跳过障碍物,而不使用转发器设备。在该实施例中,介电波导管的两端可被打结或固定到导线,从而在不被障碍物阻挡的情况下为导波提供行进路径。
现在转至图8,例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的双向介电波导耦合器800的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。当在电线杆之间成一行地排列两条或更多条导线时的情况下,双向介电波导耦合器800可采用分集路径。由于基于天气、降水和大气状况,对于绝缘导线和非绝缘导线,导波传输具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,因此有利的是在特定时间选择性地在绝缘导线或者非绝缘导线上进行传送。
在图8中所示的实施例中,转发器设备使用接收器波导管808,以接收沿着非绝缘导线802行进的导波,并利用发射器波导管810作为导波沿着绝缘导线804转发该传输。在其他实施例中,转发器设备可从绝缘导线804切换到非绝缘导线802,或者可沿着相同路径转发传输。转发器设备806可包括传感器,或者可以与指示会影响传输的状况的传感器通信。基于从传感器接收的反馈,转发器设备806可以进行判定是沿着相同的导线保持所述传输还是把所述传输传递到另一条导线。
现在转至图9,图解说明了例示双向转发器系统900的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。双向转发器系统900包括接收和发送来自位于分布式天线系统或回程系统中的其他耦合设备的传输的波导耦合设备902和904。
在各个实施例中,波导耦合设备902可接收来自另一个波导耦合设备的传输,其中所述传输具有多个子载波。双工器906可把所述传输与其他传输分离,并把所述传输指向到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)908。在来自本地振荡器912的帮助下,混频器928可把传输(所述传输在毫米波波段中,或者在一些实施例中大约38GHz)下变频到较低频率,不论它是用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频段(~1.9GHz)、固有频率,还是用于回程系统的其他频率。提取器932可提取对应于天线或另一个输出组件922的子载波上的信号,并把所述信号指向到输出组件922。对于未在该天线位置处被提取的信号,提取器932可把它们重新指向到另一个混频器936,在所述另一个混频器936,所述信号被用于调制由本地振荡器914生成的载波。载波连同其子载波被指向到功率放大器(“PA”)916,并且经由双工器920由波导耦合设备904重传给另一个转发器系统。
在输出设备922(分布式天线系统中的天线)处,PA 924可增强信号,以用于向移动设备的传输。LNA 926可用来放大从移动设备接收的弱信号,并且随后把信号发送给复用器934,复用器934将所述信号与已经从波导耦合设备904接收的信号合并。从耦合设备904接收的信号已被双工器920分割,并且随后通过LAN 918,并由混频器938下变频。当信号由复用器934组合时,它们由混频器930上变频,并且随后由PA 910增强,并且由波导耦合设备902传回给发射器或者传送给另一个转发器。在实施例中,双向转发器系统900可以仅仅是无天线/输出设备922的转发器。要意识到在一些实施例中,也可利用两个不同并且分离的单向转发器,实现双向转发器系统900。在备选实施例中,双向转发器系统900也可以是增强器,或者以其他方式不进行下变频和上变频地进行重传。实际上在示例实施例中,重传可以基于接收信号或导波,并在信号或导波的重传之前进行一些信号或导波处理或整形、滤波和/或放大。
现在转至图10A、10B和10C,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的开槽波导耦合器系统1000的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。在图10A中,波导耦合器系统包含相对于波导管1002布置的导线1006,以使导线1006适合安放于在波导管1002中形成的槽内或附近,所述槽相对于导线1004纵向延伸。波导管1002的对立端1004a和1004b以及波导管1002本身围绕导线1006的不到180度的导线表面。
在图10B中,波导耦合器系统包含相对于波导管1008布置的导线1014,以使导线1014适合安放于在波导管1008中形成的槽内或附近,所述槽相对于导线1004纵向延伸。波导管1008的槽面可以不平行,并且图10B中示出了两个不同的示例性实施例。在第一个示例性实施例中,槽面1010a和1010b可以不平行,并且比导线1014的宽度稍宽地对着外部。在另一个实施例中,槽面1012a和1012b仍可不平行,但是较窄,从而形成比导线1014的宽度小的槽开口。不平行槽面的任意角度范围都是可能的,这些是其中的两个示例性实施例。
在图10C中,波导耦合器系统显示适合安装于在波导管1016中形成的槽内的导线1020。本示例性实施例中的槽面1018a和1018b可以平行,不过导线1020的轴1026不与波导管1016的轴1024对齐。因此,波导管1016和导线1020不是同轴对齐的。在示出的另一个实施例中,在1022处的导线的可能位置也具有不与波导管1016的轴1024对齐的轴1028。
要意识到尽管在图10A、10B和10C中分别示出了显示a)不到180度地围绕导线的波导表面,b)不平行的槽面,和c)未同轴对齐的导线和波导管的3个不同实施例,不过在各个实施例中所列出的特征的不同组合也是可能的。
现在转至图11,例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统1100的非限制性实施例的示例。图11描绘在图2、3、4等中示出的波导管和导线实施例的截面表示。如在1100中可见,可以直接紧接并且接触波导管1102地放置导线1104。在其他实施例中,如在图12中的波导耦合系统1200中所示,导线1204仍可放置在带状波导管1202附近但是实际上不接触带状波导管1202。在两种情况下,沿着波导管行进的电磁波都可以在导线上感生其他电磁波,并且反之亦然。此外,在两个实施例中,导线1104和1204被放置在由波导管1102和1202的外表面限定的横截面之外。
针对本公开的目的而言,当在截面中观察时,波导管不超过180度地围绕导线的导线表面的轴向区域时,波导管不围绕大部分的所述导线表面。为了避免疑问,当在截面中观察时,波导管等于或小于180度地围绕导线的导线表面的轴向区域时,波导管不环绕大部分的所述导线表面。
要意识到尽管图11和图12显示具有圆形形状的导线1104和1204,以及具有矩形形状的波导管1102和1202,不过这并非意为限制性的。在其他实施例中,导线和波导管可具有各种形状、尺寸和构造。所述形状可包括(但不限于):卵形或其他椭圆形形状、带有锐边或圆边的八边形、四边形或其他多边形,或者其他形状。另外,在一些实施例中,导线1104和1204可以是包含较小规格的导线的绞合线,比如螺旋绞线、编织物或者使单独的绞合线成为单个导线的其他耦合。附图中所示和贯穿本公开描述的任意导线和波导管可包括这些实施例中的一个或多个。
图13例示与前述系统有关的处理。图13中的处理例如可由分别在图1-9中图解所示的系统100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800和900实现。尽管为了解释的简单起见,所述处理被示出并描述成一系列的方框,不过要理解和意识到要求保护的主题不受各个方框的次序限制,因为一些方框可按照与本文中描绘和描述的次序不同的次序发生和/或可与其他方框同时发生。此外,并非所有图解所示的方框都是为实现下文中所描述的方法所必需的。
图13例示用于利用如本文中描述的介电波导耦合器传送传输的方法的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。方法1300可开始于1302,在1302处由传输设备作为至少部分在波导管的波导表面上传播的导波发射第一电磁波,其中波导管的波导表面并不完全或大部分环绕导线的导线表面。由发射器产生的传输可以基于从基站设备、接入点、网络、移动设备或其他信号源接收的信号。
在1304处,基于把波导管配置或布置在导线附近,导波随后把第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到导线表面,从而形成至少部分环绕导线表面传播的第二电磁波(例如,表面波),其中所述导线在波导管附近。这可以响应于把介电波导管的一部分(例如,介电波导管的曲线的切线)放置在导线附近并平行于导线而完成,其中电磁波的波长小于导线和介电波导管的周长。即使当导线弯折时,导波或者表面波仍然保持平行于导线。弯曲会增大传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。导线和波导管之间的耦合接口也可被配置成实现期望的耦合水平,如本文中所述,这可包括使波导管的一端逐渐减小,以改善波导管和导线之间的阻抗匹配。
由发射器发射的传输可表现出一种或多种波导模式。波导模式可取决于波导管的形状和/或设计。归因于波导管和导线的不同特性,导线上的传输模式可不同于波导模式。当导线的周长在大小方面与传输的波长相当或者更大时,导波表现出多种波传播模式。因此,导波可包含不止一种的电场和磁场构造。当导波(例如,表面波)沿着导线向下传播时,从导线的一端到另一端,电场和磁场构造可基本保持不变,或者当传输通过转动、色散、衰减或其他效应横穿波时,电场和磁场构造可变化。
图14是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的波导系统1402的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。波导系统1402可包括传感器1404、电力管理系统1405、波导管1406和通信接口1408。
按照本主题公开中描述的实施例,波导系统1402可耦合到电力线1410,以用于便利数据通信。在示例实施例中,波导管1406可包含诸如图5中所示的系统500的全部或部分,以用于如在本主题公开中所述,在电力线1410的表面上感生沿着电力线1410的表面纵向传播的电磁波。图2-4和图6中示出了用于把波导管1406耦合到电力线1410的非限制性技术。波导管1406还可充当如图7-8中所示,用于在相同的电力线1410上重传电磁波或者用于在电力线1410之间路由电磁波的转发器。
在示例实施例中,通信接口1408可包含图5中所示的通信接口501。通信接口1408耦合到波导管1406,以用于把在原始频率下操作的信号上变频到在载频下操作的电磁波,所述电磁波在波导管1406(比如图5的介电波导管502)的耦合设备的表面上传播,并且感生在电力线1410的表面上传播的对应的电磁波。电力线1410可以是具有导电表面或绝缘表面的导线(例如,单绞线或多绞线)。通信接口1408还可从波导管1406接收信号,所述信号已从在载频下操作的电磁波下变频到其原始频率下的信号。
由通信接口1408接收的用于上变频的信号可包括(但不限于)由中心局1411通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口供应的信号、由基站1414通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口供应的信号、由移动设备1420传送给基站1414以用于通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口递送的无线信号、由建筑内通信设备1418通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口供应的信号和/或由在通信接口1408的无线通信范围中漫游的移动设备1412供应给通信接口1408的无线信号。在诸如图7-8中所示的其中波导系统1402起转发器作用的实施例中,通信接口1408可不包含在波导系统1402中。
沿着电力线1410的表面传播的电磁波可被调制并格式化,以包括数据的分组或帧,所述数据的分组或帧包括数据有效负载,并且还包括网络化信息(比如用于识别一个或多个目的地波导系统1402的报头信息)。网络化信息可由波导系统1402或者始发设备(比如中心局1411、基站1414、移动设备1420或建筑内设备1418)或者它们的组合提供。另外,调制的电磁波可包括用于减轻信号干扰的纠错数据。网络化信息和纠错数据可由目的地波导系统1402用于检测指向其的传输和用于降频变换及利用纠错数据处理传输,所述传输包括指向通信耦合到目的地波导系统1402的接收通信设备的语音和/或数据信号。
现在参见波导系统1402的传感器1404,传感器1404可包含温度传感器1404a、干扰检测传感器1404b、能量损失传感器1404c、噪声传感器1404d、振动传感器1404e、环境(例如,天气)传感器1404f和/或图像传感器1404g中的一个或多个。温度传感器1404a可用来测量环境温度、波导管1406的温度、电力线1410的温度、温度差(例如,与设定点或基线相比的温度差、1046和1410之间的温度差等等)或者它们的任意组合。在一个实施例中,可以通过基站1414的方式收集并定期向网络管理系统1601报告温度指标。
干扰检测传感器1404b可对电力线1410进行测量,以检测诸如信号反射之类的干扰,所述信号反射可指示可能妨碍电磁波在电力线1410上的传播的下游干扰的存在。信号反射可代表由波导管1406在电力线1410上传送的,因位于波导管1406下游的电力线1410中的干扰而全部或部分反射回波导管1406的电磁波产生的畸变。
信号反射可由电力线1410上的障碍物导致。例如,当图15(A)中所示的树枝落在电力线1410上或者极接近电力线1410,而这会导致电晕放电1502时,所述树枝会导致电磁波反射。会导致电磁波反射的障碍物的其他例示可包括(但不限于)如图15(C)中所示的已经缠在电力线1410上的物体1506(例如,衣服、鞋带缠绕在电力线1410上的鞋子,等等)、如图15(F)中所示的电力线1410上的腐蚀累积物1512或者如图15(G)中所示的结冰1514。电网组件也可能干扰电力线1410的表面上的电磁波的传输。可能引起信号反射的电网组件的例示包括(但不限于)图15(B)中例示的变压器1504和诸如图15(E)中例示的用于连接叠接电力线的接头1510。如图15(D)中所示的电力线1410上的锐角1508也会引起电磁波反射。
干扰检测传感器1404b可包含比较电磁波反射的幅度与由波导管1406传送的初始电磁波的幅度以确定电力线1410中的下游干扰衰减传输到什么程度。干扰检测传感器1404b还可包含用于对反射波进行频谱分析的频谱分析仪电路。可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术,比较由频谱分析仪电路生成的频谱数据与频谱轮廓,以基于例如最接近地匹配频谱数据的频谱轮廓来识别干扰的类型。频谱轮廓可被存储在干扰检测传感器1404b的存储器中,或者可由干扰检测传感器1404b远程访问。所述轮廓可包含模拟可能在电力线1410上遭遇的不同干扰以使干扰检测传感器1404b能够本地地识别干扰的频谱数据。如果已知的话,那么干扰的标识可通过基站1414的方式报告给网络管理系统1601。干扰检测传感器1404b还可利用波导管1406来传送作为测试信号的电磁波,以确定电磁波反射的往返时间。由干扰检测传感器1404b测量的往返时间可用来计算一直到发生反射的点由电磁波行进的距离,这使干扰检测传感器1404b能够计算从波导管1406到电力线1410上的下游干扰的距离。
计算的距离可通过基站1414的方式报告给网络管理系统1601。在一个实施例中,电力线1410上的波导系统1402的位置可为网络管理系统1601所知,网络管理系统1601可基于电网的已知拓扑使用所述位置来确定电力线1410上的干扰的位置。在另一个实施例中,波导系统1402可把其位置提供给网络管理系统1601,以帮助电力线1410上的干扰的位置的确定。波导系统1402可从存储在波导系统1402的存储器中的波导系统1402的预先编程的位置获得波导系统1402的位置,或者波导系统1402可利用包含在波导系统1402中的GPS接收器(未示出)来确定其位置。
电力管理系统1405向波导系统1402的前述组件提供能量。电力管理系统1405可从太阳能电池或者从耦合到电力线1410的变压器(未示出)或者通过感应耦合到电力线1410或另一条附近的电力线,接收能量。电力管理系统1405还可包括备用电池和/或超级电容器或者其他电容器电路,用于向波导系统1402提供临时电力。能量损失传感器1404c可用来检测何时波导系统1402具有电力损失状况和/或一些其他故障的发生。例如,能量损失传感器1404c可检测何时存在由有缺陷的太阳能电池、太阳能电池上的导致其发生故障的障碍物、电力线1410上的电力损失引起的电力损失,和/或何时备份电力系统由于备用电池的到期或者超级电容器中的可检测缺陷而发生故障。当发生故障和/或电力的损失时,能量损失传感器1404c可通过基站1414的方式通知网络管理系统1601。
噪声传感器1404d可用来测量电力线1410上的会不利地影响电力线1410上的电磁波的传输的噪声。噪声传感器1404d可以感测可中断调制电磁波在电力线1410的表面上的传输的未预料到的电磁干扰、噪声脉冲串或者其他干扰源。噪声脉冲串可由例如电晕放电或者其他噪声源引起。噪声传感器1404d可经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术,比较测得的噪声与由波导系统1402从噪声剖面的内部数据库或者从存储噪声剖面的远程数据库获得的噪声剖面。根据所述比较,噪声传感器1404d可基于例如提供与测得的噪声的最接近匹配的噪声剖面,识别噪声源(例如,电晕放电或其他)。噪声传感器1404d还可通过测量诸如比特差错率、分组丢失率、抖动、分组重传请求之类的传输指标,检测噪声如何影响传输。噪声传感器1404d可通过基站1414向网络管理系统1601报告噪声源的身份、其出现时间和传输指标,等等。
振动传感器1404e可包括检测电力线1410上的2D或3D振动的加速计和/或陀螺仪。可经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术,比较振动与可本地存储在波导系统1402中或者由波导系统1402从远程数据库获得的振动剖面。振动剖面可用于例如基于提供与测得的振动的最接近匹配的振动剖面,区分落下的树木和阵风。这种分析的结果可由振动传感器1404e通过基站1414,报告给网络管理系统1601。
环境传感器1404f可包括用于测量大气压力、环境温度(它可由温度传感器1404a提供)、风速、湿度、风向和降雨等的气压计。环境传感器1404f可收集原始信息,并通过比较所述原始信息与可从波导系统1402的存储器或者远程数据库获得的环境概貌,处理该信息,以经由模式识别、专家系统、基于知识的系统或者其他人工智能、分类或其他天气模拟和预测技术,在天气条件出现之前预测它们。环境传感器1404f可向网络管理系统1601报告原始数据及其分析。
图像传感器1404g可以是用于捕捉波导系统1402附近的图像的数字摄像头(例如,电荷耦合器件或者CCD成像器、红外摄像头等)。图像传感器1404g可包括控制摄像头的移动(例如,实际位置或焦点/变焦),以用于从多个视角(例如,顶面、底面、左面、右面等)检查电力线1410的机电机构。替代地,图像传感器1404g可被设计成以致不需要机械机构来获得所述多个视角。由图像传感器1404g生成的成像数据的收集和取回可由网络管理系统1601控制,或者可由图像传感器1404g自动收集并报告给网络管理系统1601。
波导系统1402可利用适合于收集与波导系统1402和/或电力线1410相关联的遥测信息,以用于检测、预测和/或减轻会妨碍电力线1410(或者任何其他形式的电磁波传输介质)上的电磁波传输的干扰的目的的其他传感器。
图16是例示按照本文中描述的各个方面的用于管理电网1603和嵌入其中的通信系统1605的系统1600的非限制性实施例的示例的方框图。通信系统1605包含耦合到电网1603的电力线1410的多个波导系统1402。在通信系统1605中使用的波导系统1402的至少一部分可以与基站1414和/或网络管理系统1601直接通信。未直接连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的波导系统1402可通过连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的其他下游波导系统1402,参加与基站1414或网络管理系统1601的通信会话。
网络管理系统1601可通信耦合到公用事业公司1602的装备和通信服务提供商1604的装备,以用于分别向每个实体提供与电网1603和通信系统1605相关联的状态信息。网络管理系统1601、公用事业公司1602的装备和通信服务提供商1604可访问由公用事业公司人员1606利用的通信设备和/或由通信服务提供商人员1608利用的通信设备,以用于提供状态信息和/或在电网1603和/或通信系统1605的管理方面指引这些人员的目的。
图17A例示图16的系统1600的用于检测和减轻在通信网络中发生的干扰的方法1700的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。方法1700可开始于步骤1702,在步骤1702,波导系统1402发送和接收嵌入沿着电力线1410的表面行进的调制电磁波或另一种电磁波中,或者形成所述电磁波的一部分的消息。所述消息可以是在通信耦合到通信系统1605的通信设备之间交换的语音消息、流式视频和/或其他数据/信息。在步骤1704,波导系统1402的传感器1404可收集感测数据。在实施例中,可在步骤1702中的消息的发送和/或接收之前、期间或之后,在步骤1704中收集感测数据。在步骤1706,波导系统1402(或者它们的传感器1404)可根据感测数据,确定通信系统1605中的会影响源于波导系统1402(例如,由波导系统1402发送)或者由波导系统1402接收的通信的干扰的实际或预测发生。波导系统1402(或传感器1404)可处理温度数据、信号反射数据、能量损失数据、噪声数据、振动数据、环境数据或者它们的任意组合,以进行所述确定。波导系统1402(或者传感器1404)还可检测、识别、估计或预测干扰的来源和/或其在通信系统1605中的位置。如果在步骤1708,既未检测/识别出干扰又未预测/估计干扰,那么波导系统1402可进入步骤1702,在步骤1702,波导系统1402继续发送和接收嵌入沿着电力线1410的表面行进的调制电磁波中,或者形成所述调制电磁波的一部分的消息。
如果在步骤1708,检测/识别出干扰,或者预测/估计将发生干扰,那么波导系统1402进入步骤1710,以判定干扰是否不利地影响(或者替代地,可能不利地影响,或一定程度上可不利地影响)通信系统1605中的消息的发送或接收。在一个实施例中,在步骤1710,可使用持续时间阈值和出现频率阈值来判定何时干扰不利地影响通信系统1605中的通信。只是用于例示的目的,假定持续时间阈值被设定为500ms,而出现频率阈值被设定为在10秒的观察期中出现5次干扰。从而,持续时间大于500ms的干扰将触发持续时间阈值。另外,在10秒时间间隔中出现超过5次的任意干扰将触发出现频率阈值。
在一个实施例中,当仅仅持续时间阈值被超过时,可认为干扰不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性。在另一个实施例中,当持续时间阈值和出现频率阈值两者都被超过时,可认为干扰不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性。从而,对于分类不利地影响通信系统1605中的信号完整性的干扰,后一实施例比前一实施例更保守。要意识到按照示例实施例,许多其他算法和相关联的参数及阈值可被利用用于步骤1710。
返回参见方法1700,在步骤1710,如果在步骤1708检测的干扰不满足不利地影响通信的条件(例如,既未超过持续时间阈值,又未超过出现频率阈值),那么波导系统1402可进入步骤1702,并且继续处理消息。例如,如果在步骤1708中检测的干扰具有1ms的持续时间,同时在10秒时间段中只出现一次,那么两个阈值都未被超过。从而,这样的干扰可被认为对通信系统1605中的信号完整性的影响微不足道,从而不会被标记成需要减轻的干扰。尽管不被标记,不过干扰的出现、其出现时间、其出现频率、频谱数据和/或其他有用信息可作为用于监视目的的遥测数据被报告给网络管理系统1601。
返回参见步骤1710,另一方面,如果干扰满足不利地影响通信的条件(例如,超过任何一个或两个阈值),那么波导系统1402可进入步骤1712,并向网络管理系统1601报告该事件。报告可包括由传感器1404收集的原始感测数据、干扰的描述(如果波导系统1402已知的话)、干扰的出现时间、干扰的出现频率、与干扰相关联的位置、诸如比特差错率、分组丢失率、重传请求、抖动、等待时间之类的参数读数。如果干扰基于波导系统1402的一个或多个传感器的预测,那么当所述预测基于由波导系统1402的传感器1404收集的历史感测数据时,报告可包括预期的干扰的类型,以及(如果可预测的话)干扰的预期出现时间和所预测干扰的预期出现频率。
在步骤1714,网络管理系统1601可确定减轻、回避或校正技术,所述技术可包括指示波导系统1402重新路由通信量以回避干扰,如果干扰的位置可被确定的话。在一个实施例中,检测到干扰的波导系统1402可指示如图18A中所示的转发器1802,把波导系统1402从受所述干扰影响的主电力线1804连接到次电力线1806,以使波导系统1402能够把通信量重新路由到不同的传输介质,从而避免干扰1801。在其中波导系统1402被配置成转发器(比如转发器1802)的实施例中,波导系统1402本身可以进行通信量从主电力线1804到次电力线1806的重新路由。此外注意对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),转发器1802可被配置成把通信量从次电力线1806重新路由回到主电力线1804,以用于由波导系统1402处理。
在另一个实施例中,波导系统1402可通过按照避免如图18B中所示的干扰1801的方式,指令位于干扰的上游的第一转发器1812和位于干扰的下游的第二转发器1814把通信量从主电力线1804临时重定向到次电力线1806并且重定向回到主电力线1804,重定向通信量。此外,注意对于双向通信(例如,全双工或半双工通信),转发器1812和1814可被配置成把通信量从次电力线1806重新路由回到主电力线1804。
为了避免中断次通信线路1806上正在发生的现有通信会话,网络管理系统1601可指引(图18A-18B的实施例中的)波导系统1402,以指令(一个或多个)转发器利用次电力线1806的(一个或多个)未用时隙和/或(一个或多个)频带,用于将数据和/或语音通信量重定向离开主电力线1804,以回避干扰1801。
在步骤1716,在通信量被重新路由以避免干扰的同时,网络管理系统1601可把检测到的干扰及其位置(如果知道的话)通知公用事业公司1602的装备和/或通信服务提供商1604的装备,公用事业公司1602的装备和/或通信服务提供商1604的装备转而可把检测到的干扰及其位置(如果知道的话)通知公用事业公司的人员1606和/或通信服务提供商的人员1608。来自任一方的现场人员可在确定的干扰的位置,参与解决所述干扰。一旦干扰被公用事业公司的人员和/或通信服务提供商的人员消除或以其他方式减轻,那么所述人员可利用通信耦合到网络管理系统1601的现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机、智能电话等)和/或公用事业公司和/或通信服务提供商的装备,通知他们各自的公司和/或网络管理系统1601。所述通知可包括如何减轻干扰和对于电力线1410的可改变通信系统1605的拓扑的任意改变的描述。
一旦干扰已被解决,在步骤1720,网络管理系统1601就可指导波导系统1402恢复由波导系统1402使用的在先路由配置,或者按照新的路由配置路由通信量,如果用来减轻干扰的恢复策略导致通信系统1605的新的网络拓扑的话。在另一个实施例中,波导系统1402可被配置成通过在电力线1410上传送测试信号以判定干扰何时已被消除,监视干扰的减轻。一旦波导系统1402检测到不存在干扰,它就可以无网络管理系统1601的帮助地自动恢复其路由配置,如果它确定通信系统1605的网络拓扑未被改变的话,或者它可利用适合于检测到的新网络拓扑的新的路由配置。
图17B例示图16的系统1600的用于检测和减轻在通信网络中发生的干扰的方法1750的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。在一个实施例中,方法1750可开始于步骤1752,在步骤1752,网络管理系统1601从公用事业公司1602的装备或通信服务提供商1604的装备,接收与维修计划相关联的维修信息。在步骤1754,网络管理系统1601可从维修信息,识别在维修计划期间要进行的维修活动。从这些活动中,网络管理系统1601可检测由维修(例如,电力线1410的预定替换、电力线1410上的波导系统1402的预定替换、电网1603中的电力线1410的预定重新配置,等等)引起的干扰。
在另一个实施例中,在步骤1755,网络管理系统1601可从一个或多个波导系统1402接收遥测信息。所述遥测信息可包括提交遥测信息的各个波导系统1402的身份、由每个波导系统1402的传感器1404进行的测量、与由各个波导系统1402的传感器1404检测的预测、估计或实际干扰相关的信息、与各个波导系统1402相关联的位置信息、检测到的干扰的估计位置、所述干扰的标识,等等。网络管理系统1601可根据遥测信息,确定可能对波导管的操作和/或沿着导线表面的电磁波的传输不利的干扰的类型。网络管理系统1601还使用来自多个波导系统1402的遥测信息来隔离和识别干扰。另外,网络管理系统1601可向在受影响的波导系统1402附近的波导系统1402请求遥测信息,以通过从另外的波导系统1402接收相似的遥测信息,三角测量干扰的位置和/或证实干扰的标识。
在另一个实施例中,在步骤1756,网络管理系统1601可从维修现场人员接收非预定活动报告。作为计划外的现场呼叫的结果,或者作为在现场呼叫或预定维修活动期间发现的意外现场问题的结果,可能发生非预定维修。活动报告可识别由解决通信系统1605和/或电网1603中的已发现问题的现场人员引起的对电网1603的拓扑构造的改变、对一个或多个波导系统1402的改变(比如波导系统1402的替换或修理)、进行的干扰的减轻(如果有的话),等等。
在步骤1758,网络管理系统1601可从按照步骤1752至1756接收的报告,基于维修计划判定是否将发生干扰,或者基于遥测数据判定是否已发生或者预测要发生干扰,或者判定是否归因于在现场活动报告中识别的计划外维修发生了干扰。根据这些报告任意之一,网络管理系统1601可判定检测或者预测的干扰是否需要通信系统1605的受影响的波导系统1402或其他波导系统1402的通信量的重新路由。
当在步骤1758检测到或预测到干扰时,网络管理系统1601可进入步骤1760,在步骤1760,网络管理系统1601可指引一个或多个波导系统1402重新路由通信量,以回避与图18A或图18B的例示类似的干扰。当归因于电网1603的永久性拓扑改变,干扰是永久性的时,网络管理系统1601可进入步骤1770,并且跳过步骤1762、1764、1766和1772。在步骤1770,网络管理系统1601可指引一个或多个波导系统1402使用适合于所述新拓扑的新的路由配置。然而,当已从由一个或多个波导系统1402供应的遥测信息中检测出干扰时,网络管理系统1601可把干扰的位置、干扰的类型(如果知道的话)和有助于公用事业公司的维修人员1606或通信服务提供商的维修人员1608减轻所述干扰的相关信息通知所述维修人员。当预期干扰是由维修活动引起的时,网络管理系统1601可指引一个或多个波导系统1402按(与维修计划一致的)给定计划,重新配置通信量路由,以在维修计划期间避免由维修活动导致的干扰。
返回步骤1760,并且当步骤1760完成时,处理可继续步骤1762。在步骤1762,网络管理系统1601可监视(一个或多个)干扰何时已被现场人员减轻。在步骤1762,通过分析由现场人员利用现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机或手持式计算机/设备)通过通信网络(例如,蜂窝通信系统)提交给网络管理系统1601的现场报告,可以检测干扰的减轻。如果现场人员已经报告干扰已被减轻,那么网络管理系统1601可进入步骤1764,以根据现场报告确定拓扑改变是否是为了减轻干扰所必需的。拓扑改变可包括使电力线1410改线、重新配置波导系统1402以利用不同的电力线1410、以其他方式利用备选链路以绕开干扰,等等。如果已经发生了拓扑改变,那么在步骤1770,网络管理系统1601可指引一个或多个波导系统1402使用适合于新拓扑的新的路由配置。
然而,如果现场人员未报告拓扑改变,那么网络管理系统1601可进入步骤1766,在步骤1766,网络管理系统1601可指引一个或多个波导系统1402发送测试信号,以测试在检测到的干扰之前已被使用的路由配置。测试信号可被发送给在干扰附近的受影响的波导系统1402。测试信号可用来确定波导系统1402任意之一是否检测到信号干扰(例如,电磁波反射)。如果测试信号确认在先的路由配置不再经受先前检测到的干扰,那么在步骤1772,网络管理系统1601可指引受影响的波导系统1402恢复先前的路由配置。然而,如果由一个或多个波导系统1402分析并向网络管理系统1601报告的测试信号指示所述干扰或新的干扰存在,那么网络管理系统1601将进入步骤1768,并向现场人员报告该信息,以进一步解决现场问题。在这种情况下,在步骤1762,网络管理系统1601可继续监视干扰的减轻。
在前述实施例中,波导系统1402可被配置成自适应于电网1603中的改变和/或干扰的减轻。即,一个或多个受影响的波导系统1402可被配置成自监视干扰的减轻,并重新配置通信量路由,而不需要由网络管理系统1601向它们发送指令。在该实施例中,可自配置的一个或多个波导系统1402可把其路由选择通知网络管理系统1601,以使网络管理系统1601可以保持通信系统1605的通信拓扑的宏观层面认识。
尽管为了解释的简单起见,相应的处理在图17A和图17B中分别被示出和描述成一系列的方框,不过要理解和意识到要求保护的主题不受所述方框的次序限制,因为一些方框可按照与本文中描绘和描述的次序不同的次序发生和/或可与其他方框同时发生。此外,并非所有例示的方框都是为实现本文中描述的方法所需要的。
图19例示用于减轻图20的通信系统中的故障的方法1900的非限制性实施例的示例的流程图。方法1900可开始于步骤1902,在步骤1902,诸如图14中所示的波导系统检测通过图20的附图标记2030描绘的主通信链路(本文中称为主通信链路2030)中的故障。对于长程通信,主通信链路2030可代表电网的高压电力线(例如,100kV-138kV)、超高压电力线(例如,230kV-800kV)或者特高压电力线(例如,>800kV)。通常,在一个实施例中,为了安全原因和减小树枝引起的障碍物的可能性,这样的电力线被放置在电线杆上的高海拔处。对于短程通信(例如,市区、郊区或农村地区),主通信链路2030可代表中压电力线(例如,4kV-69kV),其一般布置在低压电力线、电话线和/或同轴电缆线路上方。从而要意识到在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,主通信链路2030也可包括在电线杆上的各个位置的非高压(例如,中压或低压)电力线。
然而,在这样的电力线上会发生来自树枝的障碍物,如前所述,所述障碍物可以通过图14中描述的波导系统的传感器感测。通常,故障可代表由波导系统的传感器感测或检测到的会不利地影响在主通信链路2030的表面上传播的运送数据的电磁波的发送或接收的任何干扰。数据的非限制性例示可包括语音通信服务、因特网服务、广播视频服务、用于控制内容的分发和/或用于建立语音和/或数据通信会话的控制数据、来自其他网络的语音或数据通信或者它们的任意组合的其他类型的数据服务。
在步骤1904,波导系统1402可向诸如图14和图16中所示的网络管理系统1601报告所述故障或者与之相关联的信息。例如,波导系统1402可识别故障的类型、故障的位置、(本文中描述的)质量指标和/或与故障相关联的其他通信参数信息,包括信号强度、信号损失、等待时间、分组丢失等。在一个实施例中,倘若主通信链路2030处发生故障,那么网络管理系统1601可通过指令波导系统1402在步骤1906选择提供备份通信服务的一个或多个备份通信介质或链路,采取回避动作。在另一个实施例中,波导系统1402可通过在步骤1906选择一个或多个备份通信介质或链路,自主采取回避动作以维持通信服务有效。波导系统1402可被配置成基于选择标准选择备份通信介质或链路。选择标准可包括可用于验证备份通信介质适合于备份通信服务的质量指标。质量指标可包括(但不限于)期望的通信带宽、期望的服务质量(QoS)、期望的信噪比、期望的比特差错率性能、期望的分组丢失性能、期望的数据吞吐量、期望的抖动性能、期望的等待时间性能,等等。
可通过图20的附图标记2006、2008或2010任意之一代表的波导系统(本文中称为波导系统2006、2008或2010)可具有用于发起备份通信服务的多种选项。例如,波导系统2006可具有天线2012,天线2012可耦合到诸如图14的附图标记1408之类的通信接口,以使波导系统2006能够参加与基站2002、基站2004或其他波导系统(比如部署带有天线2012的无线通信接口的波导系统2008)的无线通信(例如,LTE、WiFi、4/5G或其他)。波导系统2006从而可以通过第一无线链路把数据重定向到基站2002。基站2002又可通过第二无线链路把数据重定向到波导系统2008。波导系统2008随后可利用在主链路2030上传播的电磁波,重传所述数据。
类似地,波导系统2006可通过第一无线链路把数据重定向到基站2004。基站2004又可通过高速有线链路2013(例如,光纤)把数据重定向到陆线网络2020。陆线网络2020也可通过另一个高速链路2013把数据重定向到本地基站2014(例如,微小区)。本地基站2014随后可把所述数据供应给波导系统2010,波导系统2010利用在主通信链路2030上传播的电磁波,重传所述数据。另外,波导系统2006可通过无线链路,把数据重定向到波导系统2008。波导系统2008随后可利用在主通信链路2030上传播的电磁波,重传所述数据。
在各个上述示例实施例中,数据由波导系统2006发送给备份通信介质或链路,备份通信介质或链路把所述数据重定向回到主通信链路2030的未受故障影响的部分。主通信链路2030的未受影响的部分可由网络管理系统1601识别。网络管理系统1601又可与由波导系统2006选择的备份通信介质的通信节点协调通信量的流动,以把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030的未受影响的部分。
然而,在一些实施例中,利用无线链路连接到备份通信介质或链路任意之一可能导致比受影响的主通信链路2030的初始带宽容量小的带宽。在这样的实施例中,波导系统2006会需要调整数据的带宽,以适应通过所选择的备份通信介质的重传,如将由方法1900在步骤1920、1922和1924所解决的那样。为了减少或消除对带宽调整的需要,波导系统2006可选择多个无线备份通信介质,以通过在所选择的备份通信介质之间分配数据的各个部分,缓解调整数据的带宽的需要。
除了无线备份链路之外,波导系统2006还可使用可以耦合到在其附近的未受影响线路(比如线路2040)的(包含在波导系统2006中的)波导管2005,线路2040可以充当次通信链路(本文中称为次通信链路2040),用于提供备份通信服务。对于长程通信,次通信链路2040可代表另一条高压电力线(如果不止一条高压电力线可用的话)或者中压电力线(如果可用的话)。对于短程通信(例如,市区、郊区或农村地区),次通信链路2040可代表用于向商业和/或住宅设施分配电力的低压电力线(例如,小于1000V,比如240V)、电话线或同轴电缆线路。为了例示的目的,线路2040将被假定为电力线,并且从而在本文中被称为电力线2040。然而,注意,线路2040可以是波导系统2006可以接入的非电力线,比如电话线或同轴电缆。此外注意,低压电力线、电话线或同轴电缆线路通常被布置于中压电力线下面,并且从而对可能导致不利地影响次通信链路2040的表面上的电磁波的发送或接收的干扰的障碍物(比如树枝)更敏感。
次通信链路2040使波导系统2006能够与波导系统2008通信,波导系统2008还具有并入其中并且耦合到次通信链路2040的波导管2009。在该构造中,次通信链路2040可用来绕过可能出现在波导系统2006和波导系统2008之间的主通信链路2030中的故障。在该例示中,波导系统2008可使通信服务重新回到主通信链路2030的未受波导系统2006检测到的故障影响的部分。然而,如果主通信链路2030上的故障影响波导系统2006和波导系统2008两者,那么波导系统2006可使用次通信链路2040以与本地基站2014通信,本地基站2014可配置有如图14中所示的它自己的波导系统,以接收和发送在次通信链路2040的表面上传播的运送数据的电磁波。本地基站2014又可把数据供应给波导系统2010,波导系统2010可把其向主通信链路2030的传输重定向到下游波导系统(未示出)。
此外注意,可按几种方式把数据重定向到次通信链路2040。在一个实施例中,在主通信链路2030上传播的电磁波可被重定向到次通信链路2040。这可通过把波导管2005的一端连接到次通信链路2040,以及把波导管2005的另一端连接到主通信链路2030的未受影响的部分来实现。在该构造中,在主通信链路2030上流动的电磁波可由波导管2005重定向到次通信链路2040,并且在次通信链路2030上流动的电磁波可由波导管2005重定向到主通信链路2040。
在一个实施例中,在主通信链路2030的方向上或者在次通信链路2040的方向上,通过波导管2005传播的电磁波可以是未放大的。例如,波导管2005可以是分别耦合到主通信链路2030和次通信链路2040的两端的无源介电波导设备,不具有用于修改在任一方向上流过波导管2005的电磁波的有源电路。替代地,可把一个或多个放大器添加到波导管2005中,以放大在主通信链路2030的方向上和/或在次通信链路2040的方向上通过波导管2005传播的电磁波。例如,波导管2005可包括放大在主通信链路2030的方向上传播的电磁波的有源电路,和/或放大在次通信链路2040的方向上传播的电磁波的有源电路。
在另一个实施例中,波导设备2005可通过如图8中所示的转发器代表,所述转发器可利用诸如图9中所示的有源电路,提取包含在主通信链路2030中传播的电磁波之中的数据,并用发送给次通信链路2040的新的电磁波重传相同的数据。类似地,图9的电路可用于提取包含在次通信链路2040中传播的电磁波中的数据,并利用发送给主通信链路2030的新的电磁波重传该相同的数据。
在另一个实施例中,波导系统2006还可包括把波导系统2006耦合到本地基站2015(例如,微小区)的链路2007。链路2007可代表使波导系统2006能够把数据重定向到本地基站2015的高速通信链路(比如光纤),本地基站2015又可以把数据定向到陆线网络2020,陆线网络2020再把所述数据供应给另一个本地基站2014,所述另一个本地基站2014可把这样的信号提供给波导系统2010,以用于把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030。
基于上面的例示,波导系统2006具有在步骤1906,取决于其带宽需求选择一个或多个备份通信介质或链路的几种选项,包括:(1)经由高速链路2007与本地基站2015的有线连接,这使波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2010把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,(2)经由波导系统2006的波导管2005与次通信链路2040的连接,这使波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2008把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,(3)经由波导系统2006的波导管2005与次通信链路2040的连接,这还使波导系统2006能够利用本地基站2014,经由波导系统2010把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,(4)与基站2002的无线链接,这使波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2008把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,(5)与基站2004的无线链接,这使波导系统2006能够利用本地基站2014,经由波导系统2010把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,以及(6)与波导系统2008的无线链接,这可把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030。
一旦波导系统2006已选择了一个或多个备份通信链路,它就可进入步骤1908,在步骤1908,波导系统2006可确定特定的备份通信链路是否是电网的一部分或者其他(例如,与本地基站的无线链接或有线链接)。由于可能的是波导系统2006可以选择不止一个备份通信链路,因此对于电网的备份链路、备份无线链路和/或与本地基站的备份有线链路的每个实例,步骤1910和1914可被同时或者按顺序调用。
对于电网的备份链路,波导系统2006可被配置成在次通信链路2040上传送电磁波测试信号。电磁波测试信号可被波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014(假定它具有集成的波导系统)接收。该测试信号可由波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014分析。例如,可针对信噪比、数据吞吐量、比特差错率、分组丢失率、抖动、等待时间和可由波导系统2006与选择标准比较的其他指标,测量测试信号。在步骤1912,测试结果可由导波系统2008和/或本地基站2014通过次通信链路2040、或者在波导系统2008的情况下通过无线链路、并且在本地基站2014的情况下通过有线链路2013和2011,传回给波导系统2006。除了按照选择标准分析从波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014发送回的测试结果,波导系统2006还可对次通信链路2040进行自主测试,比如信号反射测量和在本主题公开中描述的其他测量。
对于非电网备份链路,波导系统2006可发送适合于使用的传输介质的类型的测试信号。在无线链路的情况下,波导系统2006可向基站2002、基站2004和/或波导系统2008发送无线测试信号。波导系统2006可确定每个无线链路的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)、每个无线链路的信噪比、数据吞吐量、比特差错率、分组丢失率和适用于确定每个无线链路的适用性的选择标准的其他测量。在步骤1912,测试结果也可由波导系统2006通过无线链路从基站2002、2004和/或波导系统2008接收。在诸如链路2007之类的有线(非电网)链路的情况下,波导系统2006可发送用于测试与波导系统2010的通信的测试信号。类似地,测试结果也可从波导系统2010和/或中间节点(例如,陆线网络2020和/或本地基站2015)接收,以用于与选择标准比较。
在步骤1916,波导系统2006可按照由波导系统2006使用的选择标准,评估备份链路是否适合于备份通信服务。如果备份链路不可用于或者不适合于备份通信服务,那么波导系统2006可进入步骤1918,并经由可用的备份链路向网络管理系统1601报告该问题,并且在步骤1906进行选择另一个备份链路(如果可用的话)。如果选择另一个备份链路,那么波导系统2006可进行如前所述的步骤1908-1912。如果在步骤1916已验证一个或多个备份链路适合于备份通信服务,那么波导系统2006可进入步骤1920,以确定备份链路是否提供支持在主通信链路2030中用于运送数据的带宽的足够带宽。
如果备份链路不能支持最初用于主通信链路2030上的数据的传输的带宽,那么波导系统2006可进入步骤1922,以调整数据的带宽,以使它适合于备份链路。如果存在实时传输,例如,实时音频或视频信号,那么转码器可对这些实时信号转码以降低比特率,从而与调整后的带宽相符。在另一个实施例中,可以降低非实时信号的传输速率,以保持与包含在数据中的实时信号相关联的服务质量。在该步骤中,波导系统2006可经由可用备份链路向网络管理系统1601通知数据的带宽将被调整。在一个实施例中,网络管理系统1601可(例如,通过备份链路)通知受故障影响的设备通信带宽必须被调整,以适应备份服务。替代地,波导系统2006可经由备份链路把带宽的改变通知受影响的设备。
一旦在步骤1922已调整了带宽,则波导系统2006就可进入步骤1924,并且开始经由备份链路重定向数据。如果带宽调整不是必需的,那么波导系统2006可进入步骤1926,并且按照数据的初始带宽重定向所述数据。在另一个实施例中,如果备份链路的带宽容量不能支持初始用于主通信链路2030上的数据的传输的带宽,那么波导系统2006可进入步骤1906,以选择不同的备份链路。
在一个实施例中,可与其他通信设备(例如,波导系统或其他通信节点)共享备份链路(即,次通信链路)。在一个实施例中,波导系统2006可被配置成选择与由其他通信设备使用的操作频率不同的用于通过备份链路发送和接收数据的操作频率。在另一个实施例中,波导系统2006可被配置成选择与由其他通信设备使用的时隙分配不同的用于通过备份链路发送和接收数据的时隙分配。在另一个实施例中,波导系统2006可被配置成选择与由其他通信设备使用的一个或多个操作频率和一个或多个时隙分配不同的一个或多个操作频率和一个或多个时隙分配的组合,以用于通过备份链路发送和接收数据。
在其中备份链路在主通信链路2030未受故障影响的地点可通信接入电网的实例中,在步骤1928,波导系统2006可指令备份链路中的一个或多个通信节点在由波导系统2006确定的电网中的未受影响的位置,或者在由网络管理系统1601识别并输送给波导系统2006的未受影响位置,把数据重定向回到主通信链路2030,从而回避故障。
在备份链路在使用中的同时,网络管理系统1601可如先前在本主题公开中所述,在指引供电公司或通信公司的人员解决故障。一旦在步骤1930故障已被解决,则在步骤1932,网络管理系统1601就可按照用于解决所述故障的减轻策略,指令波导系统2006(和备份链路中的其他通信节点)恢复或者重新配置数据的路由。替代地,波导系统2006可针对故障的减轻监视电网,并基于电网的网络拓扑中的可检测的改变,自主判定它是否可以重新使用先前的路由配置,或者它是否必须使用新的路由配置。要意识到由一个或多个波导系统2006检测到的故障可以是由天气条件引起的破裂电力线、发生故障的变压器或其他引起的停电的结果。网络管理系统1601也可用于基于由一个或多个波导系统2006发送给网络管理系统1601的故障通知,协调停电的减轻。还要意识到次通信链路(例如,备份链路)也可由地下传输介质(比如管道、地下电力线等)代表。
尽管为了解释的简单起见,在图19中,相应的处理被示出和描述成一系列的方框,不过要理解和意识到要求保护的主题不受所述方框的次序限制,因为一些方框可按照与本文中描绘和描述的次序不同的次序发生和/或可与其他方框同时发生。此外,并非所有例示的方框都是为实现本文中描述的方法所必需的。此外注意,图19的处理可被进一步修改,以进行在本主题公开中描述的任意实施例,比如例如与回避诸如图18A和图18B中所示的电网中的干扰相关的实施例。
现在参见图21,图21例示了按照本文中描述的各个方面的计算环境的方框图。为了提供本文中描述的实施例中的各个实施例的附加上下文,图21和下面的讨论旨在提供其中可实现本主题公开的所述各种实施例的合适的计算环境2100的简要描述。尽管上面已经在可在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了各个实施例,不过本领域的技术人员会认识到实施例也可与其他程序模块结合地实现和/或被实现成硬件和软件的组合。
通常,程序模块包括进行特定任务或者实现特定的抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。此外,本领域的技术人员会意识到本发明的方法可用其他计算机系统构造实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器或者可编程的消费电子产品,等等,它们都可操作地耦合到一个或多个相关联的设备。
除非另外通过上下文明确,否则如权利要求中使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等只是为了清楚起见,并不以其他方式指示或暗示任何时间次序。例如,“第一判定”、“第二判定”和“第三判定”并不指示或暗示第一判定是在第二判定之前作出的,或者反之亦然,等等。
本文中的各个实施例中的例示实施例也可在分布式计算环境中实践,在分布式计算环境中,特定任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备进行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储设备两者中。
计算设备通常包括各种介质,所述各种介质可包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质,本文中如下彼此不同地使用这两个术语。计算机可读存储介质可以是可以被计算机访问的任何可用存储介质,并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可拆卸和不可拆卸介质。例如(但不限于),计算机可读存储介质可以与用于诸如计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据之类信息的存储的任何方法或技术结合地实现。
计算机可读存储介质可包括(但不限于)随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、压缩盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用光盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储装置、磁带卡、磁带、磁盘存储装置或其他磁存储设备或者可用于存储所期望的信息的其他有形和/或非暂态介质。在这方面,本文中应用于存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的术语“有形”或“非暂态”应被理解成作为修饰语只排除传播的暂态信号本身,并不放弃对于并非仅仅传播暂态信号本身的所有标准存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
例如,经由访问请求、查询或其他数据检索协议,计算机可读存储介质可由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备访问,用于关于由所述介质存储的信息的各种操作。
通信介质通常把计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者其他结构化或非结构化数据具体体现在数据信号(比如调制数据信号)中,例如载波或其他运送机制中,并且包括任何信息递送或运送介质。术语“调制数据信号”或信号指的是使其一个或多个特性按照以便把信息编码在一个或多个信号中的那种方式被设定或改变的信号。例如(但不限于),通信介质包括有线介质,比如有线网络或者直接有线连接,和比如听觉、RF、红外和其他无线介质之类的无线介质。
再次参见图21,示出了用于经由基站(例如,基站设备102、104或520)或者中心局(例如,中心局101、1411或2000)发送和接收信号,或者形成所述基站或中心局的至少一部分的示例环境2100。示例环境2100的至少一部分还可用于转发器设备(例如,转发器设备710或806)。所述示例环境可包括计算机2102,计算机2102包括处理单元2104、系统存储器2106和系统总线2108。系统总线2108把包括(但不限于)系统存储器2106的系统组件耦合到处理单元2104。处理单元2104可以是任意各种市售处理器。双微处理器和其他多处理器体系结构也可被采用作为处理单元2104。
系统总线2108可以是利用任意各种市售总线体系结构可进一步互连到存储总线(有或没有存储控制器)、外围总线和本地总线的几种总线结构任意之一。系统存储器2106包括ROM 2110和RAM 2112。基本输入/输出(BIOS)可被存储在非易失性存储器(比如ROM)、可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM中,BIOS包含有助于比如在启动期间在计算机2102内的元件之间传递信息的基本例程。RAM 2112还可包括高速RAM,比如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机2102还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)2114(例如,EIDE、SATA)、磁软盘驱动器(FDD)2116(例如,读取或写入可拆卸磁盘2118)和光盘驱动器2120(例如,读取CD-ROM光盘2122或者读取或写入其他大容量光学介质,比如DVD),所述内部硬盘驱动器2114也可被配置成供在合适的机壳(未示出)中外部使用。硬盘驱动器2114、磁盘驱动器2116和光盘驱动器2120可分别通过硬盘驱动器接口2124、磁盘驱动器接口2126和光盘驱动器接口2128连接到系统总线2108。用于外部驱动器实现的接口2124包括通用串行总线(USB)接口技术和/或电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394接口技术。其他外部驱动器连接技术在本文中描述的实施例的构思之内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性存储。对于计算机2102,驱动器和存储介质适应按合适的数字格式的任何数据的存储。尽管上面的计算机可读存储介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可拆卸磁盘和可拆卸光学介质,比如CD或DVD,不过本领域的技术人员应意识到在示例操作环境中,也可使用计算机可读的其他类型的存储介质,比如zip驱动器、磁带卡、闪存卡、盒式磁带等,此外,任何这样的存储介质可包含用于进行本文中描述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
许多程序模块可被存储在驱动器和RAM 2112中,包括操作系统2130、一个或多个应用程序2132、其他程序模块2134和程序数据2136。所有或部分的操作系统、应用、模块和/或数据也可被高速缓存在RAM 2112中。本文中描述的系统和方法可以利用各种市售操作系统或者操作系统的组合实现。可由处理单元2104实现和以其他方式执行的应用程序2132的示例包括由转发器设备806进行的分集选择确定。图5中所示的基站设备508也把可由本示例性计算环境2100中的处理单元2104执行的许多应用和程序存储在存储器上。
通过一种或多种有线/无线输入设备(例如键盘2138)和指向设备(比如鼠标2140),用户可把命令和信息输入计算机2102中。其他输入设备(未示出)可包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏手柄、记录笔、触摸屏等。这些和其他输入设备通常通过可耦合到系统总线2108的输入设备接口2142,连接到处理单元2104,不过可通过其他接口(比如并行接口、IEEE 1394串行接口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等)连接。
监视器2144或其他类型的显示设备也可经由诸如视频适配器2146之类的接口,连接到系统总线2108。还要意识到在备选实施例中,监视器2144也可以是用于经由任意通信手段(包括经由因特网和基于云的网络)接收与计算机2102相关联的显示信息的任意显示设备(例如,具有显示器的另一个计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等)。除了监视器2144之外,计算机通常还包括其他外围输出设备(未示出),比如扬声器、打印机等。
利用经由有线和/或无线通信与一个或多个远程计算机(比如远程计算机2148)的逻辑连接,计算机2102可在网络化环境中操作。远程计算机2148可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐器械、对等设备或其他公共网络节点,并且通常包括关于计算机2102描述的许多或所有元件,不过为了简洁起见,只例示了存储器/存储设备2150。描绘的逻辑连接包括与局域网(LAN)2152和/或更大的网络(例如广域网(WAN)2154)的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN网络化环境在办公室和公司中很平常,并且便利全企业计算机网络(比如内联网),所有这些计算机网络都可以连接到全球通信网络,比如因特网。
当在LAN网络化环境中使用时,计算机2102可通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器2156连接到局域网2152。适配器2156可以便利与LAN 2152的有线或无线通信,LAN2152还可包括布置在其上用于与无线适配器2156通信的无线AP。
当在WAN网络化环境中使用时,计算机2102可包括调制解调器2158,或者可连接到WAN 2154上的通信服务器,或者具有通过WAN 2154(比如通过因特网)建立通信的其他装置。可在内部或外部并且可以是有线或无线设备的调制解调器2158可经由输入设备接口2142连接到系统总线2108。在网络化环境中,关于计算机2102或其各个部分描绘的程序模块可被存储在远程存储器/存储设备2150中。要意识到所示的网络连接是示例,并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其他手段。
计算机2102可与操作上按无线通信布置的任意无线设备或实体(例如,打印机、扫描仪、桌上型和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助手、通信卫星、与无线可检测标签相关联的任意一个装备或位置场所(例如,信息亭、书报亭、休息室)及电话机)通信。这可包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和无线技术。从而,通信可以是预定结构,如同常规网络一样,或者仅仅是至少两个设备之间的自组织(ad hoc)通信。
Wi-Fi可允许从家中的长沙发椅、宾馆客房中的床或者工作处的会议室无导线地连接到因特网。Wi-Fi是与在蜂窝电话中使用的无线技术类似的无线技术,其使例如计算机之类的那些设备能够在室内和户外;在基站的范围内的任意地方发送和接收数据。Wi-Fi网络使用称为IEEE802.11(a、b、g、n、ac等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可用于使计算机互相连接、把计算机连接到因特网以及连接到有线网络(所述有线网络可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网)。Wi-Fi网络例如在非授权2.4和5GHz无线电频带中操作,或者利用包含两种频带(双频带)的产品操作,从而网络可以提供与许多办公室中使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络类似的真实世界性能。
图22代表可以实现并采用本文中描述的公开主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台2210的示例实施例2200。在一个或多个实施例中,移动网络平台2210可生成和接收由与公开的主题相关联的基站(例如,基站设备102、104或520)、中心局(例如,中心局101、1411或2000)或转发器设备(例如,转发器设备710或806)发送和接收的信号。通常,无线网络平台2210可包括便利分组交换(PS)(例如,网际协议(IP)、帧中继、异步传递模式(ATM))和线路切换(CS)通信量(例如,语音和数据)两者,以及控制网络化无线电信的生成的组件,例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台。作为非限制性示例,无线网络平台2210可包含在电信运营商网络中,并且可被视为运营商侧组件,如本文中在别处所讨论的。移动网络平台2210包括CS网关节点2212,CS网关节点2212可接口连接从传统网络(比如电话网络2240(例如公共切换电话网络(PSTN),或者公共陆地移动网络(PLMN)))或者信令系统#7(SS7)网络2270接收的CS通信量。电路切换网关节点2212可授权和认证从这些网络产生的通信量(例如,语音)。另外,CS网关节点2212可以访问通过SS7网络2270生成的移动或漫游数据;例如,存储在可驻留于存储器2230中的访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动数据。此外,CS网关节点2212接口连接基于CS的通信量及信令和PS网关节点2218。例如,在3GPP UMTS网络中,CS网关节点2212可至少部分在网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现。应意识到CS网关节点2212、PS网关节点2218和服务节点2216的功能和具体操作由移动网络平台2210为电信所利用的无线电技术提供和规定。
除了接收和处理CS切换的通信量和信令之外,PS网关节点2218还可以授权和认证与被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可包括与在无线网络平台2210之外的网络(比如广域网(WAN)2250、企业网2270和服务网络2280)交换的通信量或内容,服务网络2280可被具体体现在局域网(LAN)中,也可通过PS网关节点2218与移动网络平台2210接口连接。要注意WAN 2250和企业网2260可至少部分具体体现服务网络,比如IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。基于技术资源2217中可用的无线电技术层,当建立数据会话时,分组交换网关节点2218可以生成分组数据协议上下文;也可生成便利分组化数据的路由的其他数据结构。为此,在一方面,PS网关节点2218可包括可以便利与完全不同的无线网络(比如Wi-Fi网络)的分组化通信的隧道接口(例如,3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道终结网关(TTG)(未示出))。
在实施例2200中,无线网络平台2210还包括服务节点2216,基于技术资源2217内的可用无线电技术层,服务节点2216输送通过PS网关节点2218接收的数据流的各种分组化流。要注意对于主要依赖于CS通信的技术资源2217,服务器节点可不依赖PS网关节点2218地递送通信量;例如,服务器节点可至少部分具体体现移动交换中心。例如,在3GPP UMTS网络中,服务节点2216可具体体现在服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中。
对于采用分组化通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台2210中的服务器2214可以执行众多应用,所述应用可以生成多种完全不同的分组化数据流,并管理(例如,调度、排队、格式化…)所述数据流。这些应用可包括由无线网络平台2210提供的标准服务(例如,服务提供、计费、客户支持…)的附加特征。数据流(例如,作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的内容)可被输送给PS网关节点2218,用于数据会话的授权/认证和启动,并且输送给服务节点2216用于之后的通信。除了应用服务器之外,服务器2214可包括实用程序服务器,实用程序服务器可包括服务提供服务器、运维服务器、可以至少部分实现证书颁发机构和防火墙以及其他安全机制的安全服务器,等等。在一方面,除了CS网关节点2212和PS网关节点2218可以制定的授权和认证过程之外,安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台2210服务的通信,以确保网络的操作和数据完整性。此外,服务提供服务器可以提供来自外部网络,比如由完全不同的服务提供商操作的网络;例如WAN 2250或全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)的服务。服务提供服务器还可以通过与无线网络平台2210相关联的网络(例如,由相同的服务提供商部署和操作的网络),比如图1中所示的通过提供更大的网络覆盖来增强无线服务覆盖的分布式天线网络,提供覆盖。诸如图7、图8和图9中所示的转发器设备之类的转发器设备也改善网络覆盖,以便通过UE 2275,增强订户服务体验。
要注意,服务器2214可包括配置成至少部分具有宏网络平台2210的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此,所述一个或多个处理器可执行存储在例如存储器2230中的代码指令。应意识到服务器2214可包含内容管理器2215,内容管理器2215按照大体上和上面所述相同的方式操作。
在示例实施例2200中,存储器2230可存储与无线网络平台2210的操作相关的信息。其他操作信息可包括通过无线平台网络2210服务的移动设备的服务提供信息、订户数据库;应用智能、定价方案,例如促销费率、包价收费计划、优惠券活动;与用于完全不同无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议一致的技术规范;等等。存储器2230还可存储来自电话网络2240、WAN 2250、企业网2260或SS7网络2270至少之一的信息。在一方面,存储器2230例如可作为数据储存库组件的一部分或者作为远程连接的存储储存库被访问。
为了提供公开的主题的各个方面的上下文,图22和下面的讨论旨在提供其中可以实现公开的主题的各个方面的合适环境的简要描述。尽管上面已经在在一个和/或多个计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般背景中,描述了所述主题,不过本领域的技术人员会认识到公开的主题也可与其他程序模块结合地实现。通常,程序模块包括进行特定任务和/或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。
图23描绘通信设备2300的示例性实施例。通信设备2300可充当诸如本主题公开(例如在图1和图14中)所涉及的移动设备和建筑内设备之类设备的例示实施例。
通信设备2300可包括有线和/或无线收发器2302(本文中,收发器2302)、用户接口(UI)2304、电源2314、位置接收器2316、运动传感器2318、取向传感器2320和用于管理它们的操作的控制器2306。收发器2302可支持短程或长程无线接入技术,比如WiFi、DECT或蜂窝通信技术,仅仅提及一些(和分别是特别兴趣小组和联盟注册的商标)。蜂窝技术可包括例如CDMA-1X、UMTS/HSDPA、GSM/GPRS、TDMA/EDGE、EV/DO、WiMAX、SDR、LTE,以及出现的其他下一代无线通信技术。收发器2302还可适合于支持线路切换有线接入技术(比如PSTN)、分组切换有线接入技术(比如TCP/IP、VoIP等),以及它们的组合。
UI 2304可包括可按压或触敏小键盘2308,和用于操纵通信设备2300的操作的导航机构,比如滚动球、操纵杆、鼠标或导航盘。小键盘2308可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的集成部分,或者可以是通过系留有线接口(比如USB电缆)或支持例如的无线接口操作上耦合到通信设备2300的独立设备。小键盘2308可代表电话机常用的数字小键盘,和/或具有字母数字键的QWERTY小键盘。UI 2304还可包括用于向通信设备2300的最终用户输送图像的显示器2310,比如单色或彩色LCD(液晶显示器)、OLED(有机发光二极管)或者其他合适的显示技术。在其中显示器2310是触敏显示器的实施例中,可通过具有导航特征的显示器2310,呈现部分或整个小键盘2308。
显示器2310可使用触摸屏技术,从而还可用作检测用户输入的用户界面。作为触摸屏显示器,通信设备2300可适合于呈现具有可由用户利用手指的触摸来选择的图形用户界面(GUI)元素的用户界面。触摸屏显示器2310可配备有电容式、电阻式或其他形式的感测技术,以检测用户手指的多大表面积被放置在触摸屏显示器的一部分上。该感测信息可用于控制用户界面的GUI元素或其他功能的操纵。显示器2310可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的集成部分,或者可以是通过系留有线接口(比如电缆)或无线接口通信耦合到通信设备2300的独立设备。
UI 2304还可包括利用音频技术来输送低音量音频(比如在人耳附近听到的音频)和高音量音频(比如免提操作用扬声器电话)的音频系统2312。音频系统2312还可包括用于接收最终用户的可听信号的麦克风。音频系统2312还可用于语音识别应用。UI 2304还可包括用于捕捉静止或运动图像的图像传感器2313,比如电荷耦合器件(CCD)摄像头。
电源2314可利用常见的电源管理技术,比如可替换和可再充电电池、供电调节技术和/或用于向通信设备2300的组件供能的充电系统技术,以便利长程或短程便携式通信。替代地或者组合地,充电系统可利用外部电源,比如通过诸如USB端口或其他合适的系留技术之类的物理接口供应的直流电。
位置接收器2316可利用定位技术,比如能够基于由一群GPS卫星生成的信号帮助全球定位系统(GPS)识别通信设备2300的位置的GPS接收器,它可用于便利诸如导航之类的定位服务。运动传感器2318可利用运动感测技术,比如加速度计、陀螺仪或其他合适的运动感测技术来检测通信设备2300在三维空间中的运动。方向传感器2320可利用取向感测技术(比如磁力计)来检测通信设备2300的取向(北、南、西和东,以及按度、分或其他合适的取向指标的组合取向)。
通信设备2300还可通过感测技术(比如利用接收信号强度指示(RSSI)和/或信号到达时间(TOA)或飞行时间(TOF)测量结果),使用收发器2302来确定与蜂窝、WiFi、或其他无线接入点的接近度。控制器2306可利用计算技术(比如微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程门阵列、专用集成电路和/或视频处理器),以及相关联的存储器(比如闪存、ROM、RAM、SRAM、DRAM或其他存储技术)来执行计算机指令、控制并处理由通信设备2300的上述组件供应的数据。
在本主题公开的一个或多个实施例中,可以使用未在图23中示出的其他组件。例如,通信设备2300可包括用于添加或移除诸如订户身份模块(SIM)卡或通用集成电路卡(UICC)之类的身份模块的插槽。SIM或UICC卡可用于识别订户服务、执行程序、存储订户数据,等等。
在本主题说明书中,诸如“储存库”、“存储装置”、“数据储存库”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”及实质上与组件的操作和功能相关的任何其他信息存储组件指的是“存储组件”或者包含在“存储器”中的实体或者包含存储器的组件。要意识到本文中描述的存储组件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者,例如(但不限于)易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁盘存储装置和内存存储器。此外,非易失性存储器可包含在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦ROM(EEPROM)或闪存中。易失性存储器可包括充当外部高速缓冲存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。例如(但不限于),可以多种形式获得RAM,比如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接存储总线RAM(DRRAM)。另外,本文中公开的系统或方法的存储组件旨在包括(但不限于包括)这些和任何其他合适类型的存储器。
此外,应注意公开的主题可用其他计算机系统构造实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、微型计算设备、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如,PDA、电话机、手表、平板计算机、上网本计算机等)、基于微处理器或者可编程的消费或工业电子产品,等等。也可在分布式计算环境中实践例示的各个方面,在分布式计算环境中,任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备进行;然而,本主题公开的一些方面(如果不是所有方面的话)可在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储设备中。
本文中描述的一些实施例也可采用人工智能(AI),以便利使本文中描述的一个或多个特征自动化。例如,人工智能可用于确定为了使传递效率最大化,在导线周围介电波导管604和606应被放置在的位置。(例如,与自动识别获取的在加入现有通信网络之后提供最大值/好处的小区站点有关的)实施例可采用各种基于AI的方案来实现其各种实施例。此外,可以采用分类器来确定获取的网络的各个小区站点的排序或优先级。分类器是一种把输入属性向量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,…,xn)映射到该输入属于类别的置信度的函数,即,f(x)=置信度(类别)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或统计的分析(例如,考虑分析效用和成本因素),以预测或推断用户期望自动进行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可采用的分类器的示例。SVM通过在可能输入的空间中寻找超曲面进行操作,所述超曲面试图从非触发事件中分割出触发标准。直观地,这使分类对于接近训练数据,但是不等同于训练数据的测试数据来说是正确的。可以采用其他定向和非定向模型分类途径,例如包括Bayes、Bayesian网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型和提供不同的独立模式的概率分类模型。本文中使用的分类还包含被利用于形成优先级模型的统计回归。
易于理解,一个或多个实施例可以采用明确训练的(例如,经由通用训练数据)以及隐含训练的(例如,通过观察UE行为、操作员偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。例如,可在分类器构造器和特征选择模块内,经由学习或训练阶段配置SVM。从而,分类器可用于自动学习和进行许多功能,包括(但不限于)按照预定标准确定哪个获取的小区站点将有益于数目最多的订户,和/或哪个获取的小区站点会程度最低地增大现有通信网络覆盖,等等。
如在本申请中的一些上下文中使用的,在一些实施例中,术语“组件”、“系统”等旨在指的是或者包含与计算机相关的实体或者与具有一种或多种特定功能的操作装置相关的实体,其中所述实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。例如,组件可以是(但不限于)在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行的线程、计算机可执行指令、程序和/或计算机。例如但不限于,在服务器上运行的应用和服务器两者可以是一个组件。一个或多个组件可以驻留于进程和/或执行的线程内,并且组件可以集中在一台计算机上和/或分布在两台或更多台计算机之间。另外,这些组件可以从存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。组件可经由本地和/或远程处理,比如按照具有一个或多个数据分组(例如,来自与本地系统中的另一个组件、分布式系统、和/或经由信号通过诸如因特网之类的网络与其他系统相互作用的一个组件的数据)的信号,进行通信。再例如,组件可以是具有通过由电路或电子电路操作的机械部件提供的特定功能的装置,所述电路或电子电路由处理器执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中处理器可以在所述装置之内或之外,并且执行所述软件或固件应用的至少一部分。又例如,组件可以是通过无机械部件的电子组件提供特定功能的装置,所述电子组件可包括执行至少部分赋予电子组件的功能的软件或固件的处理器。虽然各个组件被例示成分离的组件,不过要意识到在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,多个组件可被实现成单个组件,或者单个组件可被实现成多个组件。
此外,利用标准编程和/或工程技术,产生控制计算机实现公开的主题的软件、固件、硬件或它们的任意组合,各个实施例可被实现成方法、装置或制品。本文中使用的术语“制品”旨在包含可从任意计算机可读设备或计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读存储介质可包括(但不限于)磁存储设备(例如,硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如,只读光盘(CD)、数字通用光盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪存器件(例如,卡、棒、关键驱动器)。当然,本领域的技术人员会认识到在不脱离各个实施例的范围或精神的情况下,可对该构造作出许多修改。
另外,用语“示例”和“示例性”在本文中用于意为充当实例或例示。本文中描述成“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计不一定被解释成优于其他实施例或设计。相反,用语“例子”或“示例性”的使用旨在具体地表示各个概念。本申请中使用的术语“或”旨在意为包含性的“或”,而不是排他性的“或”。即,除非另有规定或者根据上下文明确,否则“X采用A或B”意为自然包含性排列任意之一。即,如果X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B,那么在任意上述情况下,满足“X采用A或B”。另外,在本申请和附加权利要求中使用的“一”和“一个”通常应被解释成意为“一个或多个”,除非另外规定,或者根据上下文显然指的是单数形式。
此外,诸如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“移动装置”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”(和/或表示类似术语的术语)可以指的是由无线通信服务的订户或用户利用于接收或输送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或实质上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。本文中可互换地并且参照相关附图利用上述术语。
此外,除非上下文保证术语之间的特定区别是有理由的,否则自始至终可互换地采用术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等。应意识到这些术语可以指的是人类,或者通过人智能(例如,至少基于复杂的数学形式体系进行推理的能力)支持的可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等的自动化组件。
如本文中采用的,术语“处理器”实质上可以指的是任何计算处理单元或设备,包括(但不限于包括)单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单核处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;和具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。另外,处理器可以指的是被设计用来进行本文中描述的功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或者它们的任意组合。处理器可以采用纳米级体系结构,比如(但不限于)基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化空间使用或增强用户装备的性能。处理器也可被实现成计算处理单元的组合。
如本文中使用的,诸如“数据存储装置”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”和实质上与组件的操作和功能相关的任何其他信息存储组件指的是“存储组件”,或者具体体现在“存储器”中的实体或包含存储器的组件。要意识到本文中描述的存储组件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者,
上面所述的仅仅包括各个实施例的示例。当然不可能描述用于描述这些示例的目的的组件或方法的每种可想到的组合,不过本领域的技术人员会认识到当前实施例的许多另外的组合和置换也是可能的。因而,本文中公开和/或要求保护的实施例旨在包含落入附加权利要求的精神和范围内的所有这样的变更、修改和变型。此外,就在具体实施方式或权利要求书中使用的用语“包括”来说,与当作为过渡词在权利要求中采用时解释“包含”时一样,按照与类似于术语“包含”相似的方式,术语“包括”旨在为包含性的。
尽管本文中已经例示和描述了具体实施例,不过应意识到实现相同或相似目的的任意安排可以替代本主题公开描述或示出的实施例。本主题公开旨在覆盖各个实施例的任意和所有修改或变型。在本主题公开中,可以使用上述实施例的组合以及未在本文中具体描述的其他实施例。例如,一个或多个实施例的一个或多个特征可以与一个或多个其他实施例的一个或多个特征组合。在一个或多个实施例中,肯定地陈述的特征也可被否定地陈述,和在用或未用另一个结构和/或功能特征替代的情况下从实施例中排除。关本本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可按照任意次序进行。关于本主题公开的实施例描述的步骤或功能可以单独进行,或者与本主题公开的其他步骤或功能以及源于本主题公开中未描述的其他实施例或者其他步骤的其他步骤或功能结合地进行。此外,也可利用比关于实施例描述的所有特征更多或更少的特征。
Claims (15)
1.一种波导系统,包括:
第一波导管,其中第一波导管是相对于电网的第一导线布置的,其中第一波导管便利沿着第一导线的第一表面传播的第一电磁波的发送或接收,其中第一电磁波运送数据,并且其中第一导线对应于主通信链路;
第二波导管,其中第二波导管是相对于电网的第二导线布置的;
存储指令的存储器;以及
耦合到存储器的处理器,其中响应于执行所述指令,所述处理器进行操作,所述指令包括:
检测主通信链路中的故障;以及
响应于检测到故障,把数据重定向到次通信链路。
2.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中通过经由第二波导管在次通信链路上发送或接收第一电磁波,数据被重定向到次通信链路。
3.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中通过经由第二波导管在次通信链路上发送或接收第二电磁波,数据被重定向到次通信链路,所述第二电磁波运送所述数据。
4.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中第一导线包括电网的第一电力线,其中第二导线包括电网的第二电力线,其中第一电力线和第二电力线用于向住宅或商用机构分发电力,并且其中第一电力线位于第二电力线上方。
5.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中次通信链路具有比主通信链路低的带宽容量,并且其中所述操作还包括在重定向之前调整数据的带宽。
6.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,还包括便利感测主通信链路中的故障的传感器,其中所述操作还包括向网络管理系统报告所述故障。
7.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中向次通信链路的数据的重定向还响应于从网络管理系统接收请求把数据重定向到次通信链路的指令。
8.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,还包括用于通过无线或有线接口向网络管理系统报告所述故障的通信接口。
9.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中所述操作还包括经由第二波导管通过次通信链路向下游波导系统发送消息,所述消息指令下游波导系统把数据从次通信链路重定向到主通信链路的未受所述故障影响的部分。
10.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中次通信链路是与其他波导系统共享的,以用于发送或接收具有用于第二数据的运送的第一操作频率的第三电磁波,其中波导系统的第二波导管在第二操作频率下在次通信链路上发送或接收第二电磁波,并且其中选择第一操作频率和第二操作频率,以防止源于波导系统的第二波导管的第二电磁波与源于其他波导系统的第三电磁波之间的通信冲突。
11.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中次通信链路是与其他波导系统共享的,以用于在用于第二数据的运送的第一批多个时隙分配期间发送或接收第三电磁波,其中波导系统的第二波导管在第二批多个时隙分配期间在次通信链路上发送或接收第二电磁波,并且其中选择所述第一批多个时隙分配和第二批多个时隙分配,以防止源于波导系统的第二波导管的第二电磁波与源于其他波导系统的第三电磁波之间的通信冲突。
12.按照权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中所述操作还包括经由第二波导管在次通信链路上传送电磁波测试信号,其中数据到次通信链路的重定向还响应于根据测试信号确定次通信链路适合于备份通信,其中电磁波测试信号由耦合到次通信链路的下游波导系统接收,其中所述操作还包括从下游波导系统接收测试结果,以用于确定次通信链路是否适合于备份通信。
13.按照权利要求12所述的波导系统,还包括用于与无线基站通信的无线接口,并且其中所述操作还包括响应于根据测试信号确定次通信链路不适合于备份通信,把数据重定向到将波导系统的无线接口连接到无线基站的无线通信链路。
14.一种方法,包括:
通过波导系统检测主通信链路中的故障,所述波导系统包括第一波导管和第二波导管,第一波导管是相对于电网的第一导线布置的,第一波导管便利沿着第一导线的第一表面传播的第一电磁波的发送或接收,第一电磁波运送数据,所述第一导线对应于主通信链路,并且第二波导管是相对于电网的第二导线布置的;以及
响应于检测到故障,通过波导系统把数据重定向到次通信链路。
15.按照权利要求14所述的方法,其中第二导线对应于次通信链路,并且其中通过经由第二波导管在次通信链路上发送或接收第一电磁波,数据被重定向到次通信链路。
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US20180262929A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
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