CN1078364C - 存储器管理方法 - Google Patents
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- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
- G06F12/023—Free address space management
- G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
- G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
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- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
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- G06F3/0664—Virtualisation aspects at device level, e.g. emulation of a storage device or system
Abstract
一种闪速存储器，虚拟映射系统允许数据可被连续地写入空白的物理地址单元。虚拟存储图和闪速存储器的物理单元地址相关，以跟踪数据在存储器里的位置。
Description
本发明涉及一种改进的在闪速存储器(flash memory)里存储和检索信息的系统，更具体地涉及一种组织和管理写入闪速存储器的数据的系统。
正如本领域的一般技术人员所了解的那样，由闪速型、浮栅晶体管组成的电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)已得到技术上的说明而且目前在商业上是可得到的。这些所谓的闪速存储器是在功能上和性能上与EPROM存储器相类似的非易失性存储器，并具有额外的功能性即可允许电路内、可编程操作来擦除存储器块。在闪速存储器中在之前不先对该区域进行块擦除而要对以前已写过的存储器区域进行重写是不实际的。尽管本发明描述于闪速存储器情况，但是本领域的一般技术人员可以理解该技术内容同样可应用于那些具有类似于闪速存储器的写、读和写之前块擦除特性的数据存储部件。
在典型的计算机系统里，操作系统程序负责对作为系统一部分的数据存储部件的数据管理。数据存储部件能和操作系统程序相容的一个必要的、通常是充分的特性是它能对数据存储媒体的任何位置读出数据和写入数据。这样，闪速存储器和典型的现存操作系统程序是不相容的，因为数据不能写到闪速存储器那些先前已被写进过数据的区域，除非这些区域首先被擦除。
现在技术中已提出用软件产品在不必修改现有的操作系统程序下允许现有的计算机操作程序来管理闪速存储器。但是，这些现有技术的程序把闪速存储器作为“写一次读多次”的部件来运行。现有技术的软件产品不能够重复利用以前已写过的位置。当所有的位置最终写完后如果没有特定的用户干预存储器不能得到进一步的使用。
本发明的目的是提供一种控制和管理闪速存储器存取的方法(软件，硬件的固件)，使得对计算机操作系统而言闪速存储器好象是一个数据存储部件，因而有可能对闪速存储器的任何单元读出数据和写进数据。一种允许闪速存储器仿真随机存取存储器和允许现有计算机操作系统提供所有其它所需支持的方法，这种支持和标准随机存取存储器提供的支持具有相同的方式并和仿真方法无关。
简言之，本发明设想提供一种闪速存储器虚拟映射系统，它允许数据被连续写入空白的物理地址单元。虚拟存储器图和闪速存储器物理单元地址相关，以跟踪数据在存储器里的位置。
闪速存储器的物理位置组织为字节阵列。阵列里的各个字节被分配若干地址(anumber of)，用这个方法该字节是物理上可存取的，本文中称之为物理地址空间。阵列中的各个字节具有第二个地址，称为虚拟地址空间。一个称为虚拟图的表把虚拟地址转换为物理地址。在这里须注意，虚拟地址空间不必具有和物理地址空间相同的规模。
相连的、固定长度的物理字节地址组形成块。例如，假设块的长度为512个字节，具有物理地址256211的字节是块500中的211号字节(256211∶512＝500＋211)。一个或多个物理上相连的闪速存储器区域(称为区)组成单元，该区域可用适当的现有闪速存储器技术物理地擦除，每个单元包含整数的块。
虚拟存储器图是一个表，其中第一项目属于虚拟块0，第二个项目属于虚拟块1，依此类推。有一相应的物理地址和表中各个虚拟块地址相关联。在读闪速存储器的操作中，计算机生成的地址译码为虚拟块地址和该块中的字节位置。虚拟存储器图用来把虚拟块地址转换为物理块地址；在虚拟地址空间和物理地址空间中字节的位置相同。
在写操作中，计算机生成的地址再次解释为虚拟块地址和块中的字节位置。虚拟存储器图把它转换成物理存储器块地址。如果对应于该物理地址的闪速存储器块当前已被写过，则通常不可能对该物理地址进行写。一个空白的块则被定位并被写入。虚拟存储器图被改变，使得空白的物理块地址变换给原来的虚拟地址，而原来的物理地址标志为不可使用的并保持为不可使用，直到区擦除操作擦除包含该块的单元为止。要注意写操作假设整个块可被重写。这是计算机系统通常在存储媒体中存取数据的方式。但是，将会理解通常任何所需数据数量的字节可被写进新的存储位置。
本发明的最佳实施例中，对各个单元分配了一个逻辑单元地址，该逻辑单元地址在该单元被重写到闪速存储器的新的物理地址位置时保持不变。“虚拟图”包含对逻辑单元地址的引用而不是对物理单元地址的引用，这样单元转移期间的数据移动不会影响虚拟图。
各个单元具有使用图，它包括该单元的所有的块，块的虚拟地址，如果它(单元)被映射，还包括标志自由块和标志不可使用块的特定字符。
通过把包括不可使用块的存储器单元转移到闪速存储器的保留空白空间，以前写过的闪速存储器的不可使用块被回收。只有可使用块在转移操作中被写入，这样，当重写时，不可使用块的位置不被重写到保留空间，进而成为可使用的。在重写之后，原来的存储器单元空间被闪速擦除为一个单元并且变为空白保留空间对它可进行后续的转移。
此外，在本发明的最佳实施例中，虚拟图主要是存储在闪速存储器里只有少量的次要虚拟映射存储在随机存取存储器里。闪速存储器的虚拟图存储在块中并按页面组织，页面的长度等于块中字节数量乘以字节所代表的物理块地址数量的乘积。次要的随机存取存储器包含页面地址。当对一给定的虚拟地址读数据时，通过地址被页面长度除来确定页面号。该结果索引次要的虚拟图来寻找正确的主要虚拟图块。余数被存储在闪速存储器里的虚拟图用来计算所需的物理地址。为改变闪速存储器里的虚拟图，改变后的图写入到自由块并且随机存取存储器的次要图，也被改变以反映主要图位置里的变化，被替换的块被标记为删除。
通过下述对本发明最佳实施例的说明并参照附图可对上述的和其它的目的、概念和优点得到更好的理解，附图为：
图1是一个方块图，说明按照本发明技术内容的一个系统实施例中系统的功能部件。
图2是按照本发明的技术内容的闪速存储器组织的一层图示。
图3图示一个单元是如何格式的。
图4图示说明计算机产生的地址是怎样变换为物理地址的。
图5是说明读操作的流程图。
图6是说明写操作的流程图。
图7图示说明在转移操作之前和之后的一个单元的状态。
图8为转移操作的流程图。
图9为一个流程图，说明把虚拟对物理图的主要部分存入闪速存储器的操作。
现参照附图1，在一个典型的系统里，处理器10结合其操作系统软件发出一系列读和写命令，对随机存取存储器的特定地址单元读写数据。如本领域的一般技术人员所理解的那样，在随机存取存储器部件里，诸如磁盘存储器，数据可被写或读到任何地址单元。在图1的系统里，处理器10对闪速存储器12中的特定地址单元按块写入数据和读出数据。尽管闪速存储器12的区可被擦除，但是当前已写地址单元不能被重写，除非整个区被擦除。根据本发明的技术内容，闪速存储器控制器14提供一个完整的可重写虚拟地址空间，这样闪速存储器仿真为一个随机存取存储器，如磁盘存储器，并且处理器操作系统软件按照它对标准随机存取存储器提供运行支持的相同方式和按照一种和闪速存储器12和其控制器14无关的方式提供所有其它必需的运行支持(例如文件系统)。典型的系统还包括一个常规的随机存取存储器16。可以理解控制器14的功能由软件、硬件的固件来实现，这就不再需要如图中所建议的那样存在一个物理上分离的装置。
现看图2，它部分地表示闪速存储器的组织。闪速存储器具有若干区，在这里标号为区A和区B等。每个区由许多相连的物理存储位置所组成，它们可利用常规的、周知的闪速存储器技术来进行块擦除。区组织为单元，图中只显示了4个单元，标号为1号单元、6号单元，单元N—1和转移单元。每个单元至少由多个相连区中的一个区组成。如在这里所图示的，每个单元由2个区组成(即，1号单元—区A和区B；2号单元—区C和区D；转移单元—区xz和区zy)。
每个单元由整数个可寻址块组成并且每个块本身又由相连的固定长度字节组所组成。在所有的时候，在存储器12里总有一个单元是空白的(即转移单元)，这样在擦除一个单元之前可把该要擦除单元中的有效块写进到该空白单元中。
现有图3，每个单元含有整数的相连数据块21，块反过来又由相连的字节地址组成，字节地址可编址为块号和在块中的偏移。单元里的各个块可编址为块号和在单元中的偏移。每个单元具有一个单元标题23及单元里各块的分配状态图25。单元标题23包括格式标识符和单元的逻辑单元号。因为数据在单元转移期间必须物理地运动，即使单元的物理位置在闪速存储器中发生变化单元号最好保持不变。另外，标题还可包括系统范围的信息。块分配图25对每个块具有一个字，它标记块的状态和块在单元里的偏移。状态指示为“块自由和可写”，“块删除和不可写”，“块分配和含有用户数据”以及块的虚拟地址(背面指针)。
如前所述，最好每个单元被分配一个不变的逻辑单元号，即使单元在存储器里的物理位置改变了该逻辑单元号也不变。如图4所示，计算机10生成地址29由块号和块偏移组成。这些地址被闪速控制器14解释为虚拟地址，而虚拟图用来建立虚拟地址空间和物理地址空间之间的对应。当块重写时虚拟图改变从而虚拟地址空间是动态的。还要注意，在任何给定时刻，虚拟地址空间的一个块或多个块可能不映射到物理地址空间，在物理地址空间里的块可能是空白的，因而可被自由写入。
因为在单元转移到空白单元空间期间数据物理上移动，单元分配有逻辑单元号，当单元在存储器的物理位置变化时逻辑单元号不变。虚拟图31在二级地址转换的第一步中把块号映射为逻辑单元地址。逻辑单元地址是一个和逻辑单元号相关的地址，类似于物理地址，物理地址是和物理单元号相关的一个地址。逻辑单元号是逻辑地址的高位二进制数字，并且可通过位移位操作从逻辑地址中导出。从图31中得到的逻辑地址33包括逻辑单元号和在单元中块的偏移。
逻辑单元表35把逻辑单元号翻译为逻辑单元的物理单元号。双步地址转换过程消除了当一个单元移动到新的物理位置时改变块地址的要求。
在读操作中由块地址组成的虚拟地址，例如，最初被映射为逻辑单元号和寻址块中在这单元里的块偏移。图35把单元号33映射为单元的物理地址37以及该寻址块在该单元里的偏移37，这样该寻址数据块从这物理位置读出。这里假定象一般情况那样以块为单位读和写数据。当然，如果需要以字节为单位的数据读和写可采用相同的原则。图5是一个流程图，说明该读操作。如前面所解释的，虚拟地址29在双步地址变换的第一步中映射为逻辑地址(块40)。在第二步中，逻辑地址映射为闪速存储器里的物理地址(块41)。在该物理地址上的数据被读(块42)，然后结束该操作。
在写操作中，虚拟地址29再次首先映射为逻辑单元号和在该单元中的块偏移。控制器14算法为该单元检查块分配表25。如果对应于该地址的块已被写入，则写命令不能在该对应的物理位置上执行。控制算法扫描各个单元的分配表25，直到一个自由块被找到为止。块图25中原来单元地址上的块的状态被改变以在分配图中删除这个块，而自由块的状态改变为已写。虚拟图31被更新，以使原来的虚拟地址现在指向写操作发生处的新逻辑地址。按前面所描述的方式，该逻辑地址映射为物理地址，对这个地址进行块写入。图6是说明写操作的流程图。在写操作中虚拟地址29映射为逻辑单元地址(块45)，并对该单元的单元分配进行检查(块46)。如果在判定块47里该单元地址是自由的，则该单元地址映射为物理地址(块48)，数据写进该物理地址(块49)，然后操作结束。如果逻辑地址是不自由的(块47)，则单元表被扫描以定位单元分配表中的自由地址(块50)。该新逻辑地址映射为物理地址(块51)，数据被写入这个物理地址(块52)。单元分配表被更新(块53)，以表明原来的块被删除并是不可写的，而且新的块被分配并含有用户数据。虚拟对逻辑地址图也被更新，以指向与原来虚拟地址相对应的数据的新的物理地址(块54和块55)。
为允许读和写操作可不受限制连续进行，物理存储空间周期性地回收。如前面所述，在所有时刻至少一个存储器单元是保留的，这样它完整地组成一个自由块并且用作为转移单元。
现有图7，一个有效单元被选择(这里是单元M)，而且它的所有当前映射有效块被读并被写入转移单元。选定的单元M然后进行块擦除，并且它变成转移单元，同时有效块写入的转移单元在本例中变成单元M。图7说明这些单元在转移操作之前和之后的状态。图8是转移操作的流程图。在转移操作中一个单元被选择以供转移(块60)，该选定单元的有效数据块被读(块61)。这些有效数据块然后被写进转移块中与原来块中位置相对应的位置上(块62)。所选择的原来块然后被闪速擦除(块63)，并且逻辑对物理地址图被改变使得选定的单元变为转移单元并且把选定单元的单元号分配给转移单元(块64)。
迄今所描述的系统需要一个内容可自由更新的虚拟变换图，这个图可存储在常规的随机存取存储器里。但是，作为例子，假设块的长度为512字节，因为虚拟图含有各块的一条项目，而各条项目可能为例如4字节长(即可编址可达4GB存储器)，一个80兆字节的闪速存储器将需640K字节的存储器来存储图表。为了减少存贮虚拟图所需的随机存取存储器的总量，在本发明的最佳实施例中，该图数据的主要部分存储在闪速存储器的本身里，而把计算机的虚拟地址映射为主要虚拟图的次要虚拟图被存储在随机存取存储器里，比如存储器16。这里要提出一个重要的观点，即次要虚拟图的排列使得读和写虚拟图的过程和前面叙述的读和写常规数据的过程是相同的。对虚拟图自身的处理等同于上述的对用户数据的处理方式，并且存储在随机存取存储器里的虚拟图(即次要虚拟图)等同于前面所描述的虚拟图。
在本实施例中，虚拟图在闪速存储器12里的负虚拟地址里驻留；常规空间从虚拟地址零开始。虚拟图映射它自身使用的负地址，这样驻留在闪速存储器的虚拟图可象常规用户数据一样被读和被写，只有虚拟图中映射它本身的那一部分(即次要虚拟图)驻留在随机存取存储器里。
在一简化的例子里，假设6000字节的虚拟图存储在12个虚拟图块里，每块512字节。假设为4字节地址，每个块可存储128个物理地址。这样，每个块包含64K字节虚拟闪速存储器地址。各个虚拟闪速存储器地址块被认为是一个页面，而随机存取存储器存储页面地址，(本例中，只有48字节)，页面地址映射到地址块。。当从一给定虚拟地址读数据时，该地址除以页面长度(64K字节)以得到次要虚拟存储器里的页面号，该页面号和主要虚拟图里存储该地址的页面块相映射。利用该虚拟存储器页面块，映射特定闪速存储器物理地址的过程可按已说明的方式进行。作为例子，当虚拟地址除以页面长度后，余数可除以虚拟存储块长度(即512)以得到从闪速存储器读出的对地址阵列的索引。
当按给定虚拟地址写数据时，计算机生成的地址同样除以页面长度以获得闪速存储器里对次要虚拟图的索引。次要虚拟图映射到主要虚拟图，在那里主要虚拟图块被读；这是用来映射到被寻址的物理块，在那里进行读。如果该块不能被重写，一个空白块被识别并按前面叙述的方式写入，同时原来的数据块标记为删除。为更新驻留于闪速存储器里的虚拟图，本质上仿照同样的过程。虚拟图块，其修改形式反映地址数据新的物理位置，被写入到闪速存储器的空白块并且旧块被标记为删除。如需要，在随机存取存储器里的次要虚拟存储也被改变以反映主要虚拟存储块位置的变化。
图9是该操作的流程图。该进程的第一步是把虚拟地址转换为页面号(块70)，并利用这个页面号来定位RAM16中与存储在闪速存储器里的虚拟图相关页面块对应的地址(块71)。从闪速存储器读出该地址的虚拟图页面块(块72)，并按前述方法使用，为数据读或数据写操作的虚拟地址定位对应的物理地址。在数据写操作中，虚拟图页面块必须更新(块73)并且更新的页面块虚拟图被写入自由的闪速存储器物理地址位置(块74)。页面块虚拟图所位于的原闪速存储器地址被标记为删除(块75)，而RAM存储器16被更新，以为更新过的图指出虚拟对物理图地址(块76)。
系统启动时很容易重建虚拟图。驻留在闪速存储器里的虚拟图是非易失性的，不必重建。驻留在易失性随机存取存储器里的次要虚拟图在启动时可通过扫描驻留在各单元顶部的块使用图进行重建。标记为和虚拟地址相映射的块被识别，因此可相应地构建次要虚拟图。
尽管本发明是按单个最佳实施例来说明的，本领域的一般技术人员可认识到本发明可按所附权利要求书中所叙述的精神和范围修改实施。
Claims (6)
1.一种存储器管理方法，在该存储器中，只能在空白物理存储位置中写入数据，并且可以同时擦除邻接的存储位置的一个区，包括以下步骤：
将该存储器组织成多个单元，每个单元包含至少一个区；
将每个单元组织成多个块，每个块由多个邻接的物理存储位置组成；
为每个单元建立一个分配表，分配表指示一个单元中每块的状态，状态为有效写入、空白或删除；
建立一个用于把虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理地址的表；
在按虚拟地址向所述存储器写入数据时：
(a)将所述虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理块地址；
(b)检查在步骤(a)中所述虚拟地址已映射到其上的所述
单元的所述分配表，确定在所述物理块地址的一个块
的状态是有效写入、空白或者删除；
(c)如果在所述物理块地址的所述块是有效写入或删除
状态：
(1)检查至少一个单元的所述分配表，以识别一个
空白块地址；
(2)将所述数据写入到所述存储器中的所述空白块
地址；
(3)改变所述虚拟地址已映射到其上的所述单元的
所述分配表，将所述物理块地址标明为删除；
(4)改变在步骤(c)(2)中已将所述数据写入其中的
一个单元的所述分配表，将已在其中写入所述数据的
所述空白块地址标明为写入；
(5)改变所述用于将虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的
物理地址的表，从而所述表将所述虚拟地址映射为已
在步骤(c)(2)中将所述数据写入其中的所述空白块的
物理地址；
在所述存储器中建立一个转移单元，其中所述单元的所有块都是空白的；
周期性地识别一个除所述转移单元之外的、选定为要被擦除的单元；
读所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块；
将所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块写入所述转移单元；
更新所述转移单元分配表，将已在前一写入步骤写入的块的状态标明为写入；
擦除所述选定块；
更新虚拟地址对物理地址的所述表，将所述选定单元指示为一个转移单元，并用所述选定单元的单元标识符指示所述转移单元。
2.一种存储器管理方法，在该存储器中，只能在空白物理存储位置中写入数据，并且可以同时擦除邻接的存储位置的一个区，包括以下步骤：
将虚拟地址映射为物理地址，并且将所得到的映射的第一张表存储在所述存储器中；
将存储在所述存储器中的所述第一张表分段为多段页可寻址块；
将页地址映射为物理地址，并且将所述页可寻址块的第二张表存储在所述存储器中；
在向存储器写入时，通过将一个被改变的页可寻址块写入空白物理块位置，来改变所述存储器中存储的所述第一张表中的一个页可寻址块；以及
更新存储在所述随机存取存储器中的所述第二张表，使得该表将被改变的页可寻址块的页地址映射到在其中已经写入所述被改变的页可寻址块的空白物理块位置。
3.一种存储器管理方法，在该存储器中，只能在空白物理存储位置中写入数据，并且可以同时擦除邻接的存储位置的一个区，包括以下步骤：
将该存储器组织成多个单元，每个单元包含至少一个区；
将每个单元组织成多个块，每个块由多个邻接的物理存储位置组成；
建立用于将虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理地址的第一张表；
在所述存储器中存储所述第一张表，所述第一张表被分段为页可寻址块；
在随机存取存储器中存储第二张表，所述第二张表用于将页地址映射为在所述存储器中存储的所述页可寻址块的物理地址；
在按虚拟地址向所述存储器写数据时：
(a)从所述虚拟地址导出一个页地址；
(b)将所述页地址映射到所述存储器中的所述页可寻址块；
(c)从一个虚拟地址读所述第一张表的一个段；
(d)将所述虚拟地址映射到一个物理地址；
(e)如果在所述物理地址的所述块处于有效写入状态：
(1)将所述数据写入所述存储器中的一个空白块地址；
(2)改变所述第一张表的段，使得所述第一张表将所述虚
拟地址映射为已经在步骤(e)(1)在其中写入所述数据
的空白块的物理地址；
(3)将步骤(e)(2)得到的被改变的第一张表的段写入所述
存储器中的一个空白物理块位置；
(4)更新存储在所述随机存取存储器中的所述第二张表，
使得所述第二张表映射了所述空白物理块位置的被
改变的第一张表段的页地址。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
在按虚拟地址从所述存储器读取数据时：
(a)从所述虚拟地址导出一个页地址；
(b)将所述页地址映射到所述存储器中的一个页可寻址块；
(c)读取所述第一张表的一个段，该段将虚拟地址映射为所
述存储器中的所述页可寻址块的物理地址；
(d)将所述虚拟地址映射为一个物理地址；
(e)在所述物理地址从所述存储器读取所述数据。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
在所述存储器中建立一个转移单元，其中所述单元的所有块都是空白的；
周期性地识别一个除所述转移单元之外的、选定为要被擦除的单元；
读所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块；
将所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块写入所述转移单元；
更新所述转移单元的分配表，将前一写入步骤中写入的块的状态标明为写入；
擦除所述被选择的块；
更新虚拟地址对物理地址的所述表，将所述选定单元指示为一个转移单元，并用所述选定单元的单元标识符指示所述转移单元。
6.一种存储器管理方法，在该存储器中，只能在空白物理存储位置中写入数据，并且可以同时擦除邻接的存储位置的一个区，包括以下步骤：
将该存储器组织成多个单元，每个单元包含至少一个区；
将每个单元组织成多个块，每个块由多个邻接的物理存储位置组成；
为每个单元建立一个分配表，分配表指示一个单元中每块的状态，状态为有效写入、空白或删除；
建立一个用于把虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理地址的表；
在按虚拟地址向所述存储器写入数据时：
(a)将所述虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理块地址；
(b)检查在步骤(a)中所述虚拟地址已被映射到其上的所述
单元的所述分配表，确定在所述物理块地址的块的状态
是有效写入、空白或者删除；
(c)如果在所述物理块地址的所述块是有效写入或删除状
态：
(1)检查所述单元中至少一个的所述分配表，以识
别一个空白块地址；
(2)将所述数据写入到所述存储器中的所述空白块
地址；
(3)改变所述虚拟地址已被映射到其上的所述单元
的所述分配表，将所述物理块地址标明为删除；
(4)改变在步骤(c)(2)中已在其中写入所述数据的
单元的所述分配表，将已在其中写入所述数据的所述
空白块地址标明为有效写入；
(5)改变用于将虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的物理
地址的所述表，从而所述表将所述虚拟地址映射为在
步骤(c)(2)已在其中写入所述数据的所述空白块的物
理地址；
(d)将所述虚拟地址映射为一个单元内的一个物理块地
址：
(e)在所述物理地址从所述存储器读取所述数据；
在所述存储器中建立一个转移单元，其中所述单元的所有块都是空白的；
周期性地识别一个除所述转移单元之外的、选定为要被擦除的单元；
读所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块；
将所述选定单元中的每个有效写入块写入所述转移单元；
更新所述转移单元的分配表，将前一写入步骤中写入的块的状态标明为写入；
擦除所述选定块；
更新虚拟地址的所述表，将所述选定单元指示为一个转移单元，并用所述选定单元的单元标识符指示所述转移单元。
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1994
- 1994-02-24 IL IL10876694A patent/IL108766A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-28 DE DE69414556T patent/DE69414556T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-28 EP EP94910145A patent/EP0688450B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-28 WO PCT/US1994/001848 patent/WO1994020906A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-02-28 AU AU62699/94A patent/AU6269994A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-28 KR KR1019950703788A patent/KR100292011B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-28 JP JP6520018A patent/JPH08510072A/ja active Pending
- 1994-03-02 ZA ZA941446A patent/ZA941446B/xx unknown
- 1994-03-08 CN CN94102329A patent/CN1078364C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-07 TW TW083104170A patent/TW264547B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1995
- 1995-09-08 FI FI954235A patent/FI105726B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1323358C (zh) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-06-27 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | 一种虚拟存储模型及其方法 |
| CN100461134C (zh) * | 2007-03-27 | 2009-02-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种外部存储器控制器及基于外部存储器控制器的地址变换的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL108766A0 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
| DE69414556D1 (de) | 1998-12-17 |
| DE69414556T2 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
| EP0688450A1 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
| EP0688450B1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
| US5404485A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
| CN1098526A (zh) | 1995-02-08 |
| JP2003085037A (ja) | 2003-03-20 |
| FI105726B (fi) | 2000-09-29 |
| TW264547B (zh) | 1995-12-01 |
| ZA941446B (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| AU6269994A (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| EP0688450A4 (en) | 1995-10-20 |
| JPH08510072A (ja) | 1996-10-22 |
| KR960701402A (ko) | 1996-02-24 |
| KR100292011B1 (ko) | 2001-09-17 |
| IL108766A (en) | 1996-12-05 |
| FI954235A (fi) | 1995-11-08 |
| JP3997130B2 (ja) | 2007-10-24 |
| WO1994020906A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| FI954235A0 (fi) | 1995-09-08 |
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