CN1084890C - 智能打印系统 - Google Patents

智能打印系统 Download PDF

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CN1084890C
CN1084890C CN95107550A CN95107550A CN1084890C CN 1084890 C CN1084890 C CN 1084890C CN 95107550 A CN95107550 A CN 95107550A CN 95107550 A CN95107550 A CN 95107550A CN 1084890 C CN1084890 C CN 1084890C
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subsystem
ink powder
processor
xerox
light
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CN1128364A (zh
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E·厄尔·汤普森
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Texas Instruments Inc
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Abstract

一种智能打印系统(110)。整个系统包括一个光成像子系统(120)、一个静电复印子系统(130)和一个打印基片子系统(140)。系统处理器(126)监视系统的所有特性，包括静电复印墨粉的容量和数量、光接受器的磨损和用法、熔凝器的热量、打印基片的剩余数量、光源功率以及空间光调整器的外形。监视处理用于调整打印处理以达到最佳的打印质量。此外，接受到的信息有助于在维修周期内保证系统处于最佳功能的状态。

Description

智能打印系统
本发明涉及需要一般是通过用户介入的过程定期移去或替换消耗部件的系统。这种实例常见于打印机机芯中，特别是在为了保持打印质量和性能而必须定期更换所有消耗材料和关键的复印部件的静电复印系统之中。本发明涉及一种系统及其操作方法，该方法提供动态监视和调整所有受使用和损耗影响的有关的系统特性参量的功能以在消耗组件使用寿命期内无需用户介入而使系统发挥最佳性能。系统还提供数据作消耗组件的维护、整修和最后去除之用。
对硬拷贝输出的需求是信息革命一个随处可见的组成部分。特别是，静电复印术已经成为最为广泛使用的系统中的一种，而干法墨粉处理已在许多场合下成为文件拷贝和打印最为通行的方法之一。对该技术的专家来说，已经非常了解静电复印的基本概念。采用干法静电粉末处理的静电复印打印机或复印机的基本部件包含一光敏介质，典型的是一个以设定电压和极性注入静电荷的有机光接收器(OPC)。经过在反射或光调制系统产生的光学成像下曝光后，原先静电荷均匀分布的OPC上受光照的区域电荷消去。因此，就在OPC上创建了一幅原先的(或电子的)文件的静电潜像。在大多数现代系统中，潜像的传递过程是利用一种由带静电的、被铁磁载体珠吸引的墨粉组成的显影剂材料来完成的。使用载体是便于通过位于空心圆柱体——典型的称作显影滚筒内的磁场和旋转磁铁的作用运送与上述潜影接触在一起的显影材料。通过预先确定的静电荷的相互作用，墨粉，其直径一般为10微米左右，与直径一般为50微米的载体珠分离开来，并在残留于OPC表面的潜像的相应区域保持原样。由显影滚筒产生的磁力将被消耗的铁磁载体珠带回原位，在那里它们与其余的墨粉再次混合以显影随后的影像。
众所周知，墨粉通常是含有促流剂、电荷控制剂和在设定温度下熔化的彩色颜料的塑料。在离开显影滚筒邻近区域后OPC表面就携带了被显影的潜像。随后，携带潜像的光接收器表面与影像接收器相接触，在静电复印系统的大多数应用场合下，影像接收器是纸张，但是也可以是满足彩色印刷中构造多重彩色影像需要的过渡材料。静电注入系统典型的用途是将墨粉从OPC表面转移至影像接收器。
不管最终的影像消耗品是纸张还是其它材料，都可以连续地在其上面完成多光接收器、单光接收器或成像消耗过渡部件的操作以构造全彩色图像。在经过一个称之为熔断器的站后完成了印刷过程，在那里适量的热量和(或)压力加载到影像接收器上，因此得到了永久的影像。
近年来，出现了多种彩色电子静电复印系统，从大多数角度看，它们多次重复了普通单色静电复印系统的打印过程从而得到彩色影像。在一种类似于采用普通打印技术的标准彩色系统的打印方式中，采用光学或电学的方式将图像进行色彩分离，然后每一种分离色都再现为一打印图像。在打印过程中，不论是胶版印刷或者彩色静电复印打印机，适量的彩色图像交叠在一起以获得最终的图像。用于打印的彩色墨水是称为相减原色的洋红、蓝绿色、黄色及典型的黑色，与诸如阴极射线管之类的软发射显示系统中的红、绿、蓝色相对应。后者称为加色法系统，在这里三色组合产生白色，与打印的情况相反，在那里三种相减原色的组合产生名义上黑色。
众所周知，在彩色电子打印技术中，可以采用顺序的方式利用建立在光接收器上的层来创建彩色图像，可以在OPC和最终的图像接收器之间的中间转移介质上建立彩色，最后不是经过依次与图像接收器接触的单光接收器就是从与图像接收器依次接触的一系列光接收器在最终的图像接收器上建立图像。不论完成该图像的方式如何，最终的静电复印图像由相减原色和黑色构成的彩色墨粉的多层组成，这些层在每一步过程中以高精度定位方式交叠在一起直到打印过程结束时最终的图像熔在图像消耗部件上。
从概念上讲，彩色静电复印术与普通的胶版印刷是相似的，但是彩色静电复印打印机在印刷时间和费用上有着不同寻常的优点。在商用打印环境下需要几个彩色分离中间步骤和制版过程，一个受过训练的专家需要小批量的几百张相片来进行分色、套色和配色以提供标准。在彩色静电复印术中，能在非常短的时间内以极低的单位成本不经过中间步骤就可得到一张相片，但是一般来说用户是无法精确调整并获得优化的输出质量的。
虽然在先前的彩色静电复印术中可以利用超高精度的设计和相对昂贵的打印系统得到质量可以令人接受的彩色图像，但是影响套色和其它印刷效果的机械部件的自然磨损，以及诸如OPC、墨粉和显影剂之类易耗物品的消耗都是先前全彩色静电复印系统中很重要的维护问题。这些机器的复杂性和高成本一直是使这类系统的成本大大高于单色打印系统的主要因素之一，并且使它们与使用不便但勿庸置疑输出质量较高的普通胶版印刷和摄影方法相比缺乏吸引力。
在八十年代早期推出的桌面单色激光打印机取得的显赫的成功有许多原因。其中最令人瞩目之处是推出了一种由用户更换的机芯作为易耗品，该机芯一般包含OPC、墨粉和显影配件。由于大多数的这种系统都使用单色墨粉，对于典型的桌面系统来说，不存在准确地把显影剂混合时夹杂铁氧体载体所带来的复杂性。机芯引人注意的特征是在一定的使用寿命内，典型的为几千页，以一种便于没有经验的用户/操作者更换的方式配置一种相对比较便宜、精度可以接受而又便于处理的机芯。
结果在有各自特点的静电复印打印过程中的易耗品被定期更换，每次机芯更换后就产生象换了新的机芯的效果。在这种方式下单色系统的打印质量达到方便性和稳定性的新的标准。这样的话，最为令人困扰的八十年代办公室日常事务的问题，需要更换复印机的易耗物品问题就从一件乱糟糟而有困难的事务变为简单明了、高效率的替换工作。停机、不得不有的服务要求、相关的服务和定期的维修费用、用户使用的不便都通过这种途径得到了改善。更深一层的优点是可替换的机芯包括一个已知来源、兼容性和性能的匹配部件的系统。用户可以轻松地依籍于(简单地替换机芯将使一切都恢复刚购买时的性能和质量)这样的事实。同样，由于易耗品设计和包装在一起，用过的产品很容易处理。
与普通的需要有经验的服务和另外的瓶装墨粉的办公室用复印机相比，这种提供便于处理的机芯包的方便型打印机的单位成本略有增加。便于使用、质量和性能因素和由服务合同提供的维护的减少带来的利益超过了略微增加每页成本的损失。这些系统总的运行费用富有竞争力，用户可替换机芯的概念已经为工业界所接受。
要把采用用户可替换机芯的易耗部件所得到实惠延伸到彩色静电复印领域的愿望是显而易见的。但是完成这种延伸仍然存在巨大的障碍。与彩色系统相比，最佳品质的单色桌面激光打印机的静电复印过程非常简单。前者通常装配一个使用不带载体珠的单色墨粉(MCT)的更为简单的显影剂系统，而彩色系统为了得到彩色和成像性能需要二元墨粉(DCT)，从而增加了复杂性。黑白打印机通常只产生二进制点(黑或白)，基本上使OPC充电处于饱和状态。彩色系统为了获得好的色调范围和彩色色调一般要求在每个像点上有灰度，因此，对过程控制的要求远为苛刻。另一个重要区别是彩色系统必须在输出页面上连续精确地套色，而单色图像无此要求。每个彩色墨粉输送系统都必须分离以避免颜色沾污。为了准确处理这些相互作用和其它参数以从打印过程中得到精确的颜色转换和各打印页间的稳定必须配备彩色处理软件。
正如为了获得彩色输出不得不进行连续四种彩色图像的处理增加了打印过程的复杂性，这也不可避免地扩大了尺寸，增加了重量，增大了体积。仅用单个用户可替换机芯构成硬件和易耗品的概念不再适用。需要构造一种方法对各种操作及其各自的单元进行分割，与此同时保证质量的可控制性、兼容性，并能够使整个成像过程适合于单独的情形或所有构成一个整体的单元。
很显然，需要一种系统级概念，即，不管过程如何划分，能够控制和管理静电复印打印过程的单独单元以在一个条件和变量范围内获得好的彩色打印能力和经济性。从开始制造到最后用完过程中，与现有的单色或彩色打印机系统相比，配置跟踪和参量数据功能更有必要。这种概念可以适用于广泛的技术和媒质，从电子印刷术(干法显影和湿法显影)，到喷墨、染料和蜡印系统、膜基系统和热介质。
有可能建立一种打印系统，在打印过程中监视系统所有的相关特性以进行动态调节获得最佳打印质量。在监视时跟踪所有因使用和损耗而受影响的系统特性，在每次打印前允许系统调整参数。此外，过程中参数的调节对用户是透明的，当系统需要服务时仅仅提醒用户，并且允许在填料过程中跟踪系统的维护。
按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种打印系统包含：a.一个光成像子系统；b.一个静电复印子系统，包括：i.至少一个从所述光成像子系统接收光线的光接收器；ii.至少一个将墨粉转移至光接收器的墨粉分配器；以及iii.一个将所述墨粉转移至打印基片的接口；c.一个基片处理子系统，其中所述至少一个光接收器通过所述接口将墨粉转移至打印基片；以及d.一个根据从所述静电复印子系统接收的信息连续调整所述系统操作的处理器，其中所述调整包括控制用户可用的灰度级别和颜色的数量和选择。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了一个静电复印子系统包含：a.一个光接收器；b.一个监视光成像子系统产生的光线的光传感器；c.至少一个将墨粉转移至所述光接收器的墨粉分配器，其中所述墨粉分配器包含监视功能；以及d.一个处理器，其中所述处理器处理涉及下列至少一个方面的数据：i.所述传感器从光成像子系统接收的光线，其中所述传感器向所述处理器提供所述光线的光强信息；ii.所述光接收器的特性，其中所述特性包括所述光接收器的磨损情况；iii.所述墨粉分配器的容量，包括数量上的和成份上的；以及iv.用于基于所述处理器接收数据的所述子系统的选定子部件和所述光成像子系统的操作参数；以及e.一个非易失存储器，这些参数被写入其中，所述存储器在所述静电复印子系统打开时被删除。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了一种墨粉分配器包括：a.一个墨粉材料的容器；b.用于存储所述的墨粉材料特性信息的存储电路；c.一个诸如在振动时测量其反电动势并将所述的测量结果用于确定墨粉剩余数量的线圈；以及d.用于将所述的数量和特性信息送往系统处理器的通讯电路。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于校准一个空间光调制器打印系统的方法包括：a.将一个空间光调制器的所有单元都激发至一个预定状态，这里所述的预定状态是对所有元素都相同的状态；b.光照射到所述的调制器上；c.监视传感器接受到的来自所述调制器的光，诸如通过接受到的来自那些失效元件的光的差别鉴别出失效元件；以及d.利用所述失效元件的所述信息调整所述调制器的操作以校正任何由所述失效元件引起的打印图像中的缺陷。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于升级打印系统的方法包括：a.将机芯插入所述的系统；以及b.在所述的处理器与所述系统的子部件之间进行通讯，在这里所述的通讯包括对每一个与之通讯的子部件设置操作参数。
为了更加完整地理解本发明及其优点，现对以下的详细描述及其相关的附图作出说明，在附图中，
图1表示一个智能打印系统的侧视图。
图2表示监视过程的流程图。
图3说明一个单OPC的静电复印机子系统。
图4说明一个多OPC的静电复印机子系统。
图5表示维修过程的流程图。
图6表示一个能与智能打印系统进行通讯的手持式单元。
图1表示打印系统110的框图。本实施例中的外壳112包含模塑塑料，除了观察面板114外其它部分联为一体。这种外壳已在美国专利NO.5,172,161，“一体化印刷系统和过程”(“UnibodyPrinting System and Process”)中公开。塑料被模塑成带支架、架子或槽的形状，使得独立子系统120、130、140，和/或其内的单独组件能插入已经对齐并准确安置的位置上。
子系统120是光成像子系统。它至少包含一个光源118、一个调制器128、电子控制线路126、电源，如果需要还可以包含网络接口，还包含通向基纸路径116的出口。端口122使电子控制线路(此处称为系统处理器)和计算机系统联接起来以接受图像数据并转换成光成像子系统的命令。光源可以有许多选择。例如可以是钨光源之类的弧光灯、发光二极管(LED)或激光器。调制器可以是在激光打印机中使用的多角扫描镜，或者空间光调制器，如数字式微型镜面器(DMD)。采用空间光调制器的光成像系统的例子可以在美国专利NO.5,072,239，“空间光调制器曝光单元及其操作方法”(“Spatial Light Modulator Exposure Unit and Method ofOperation”)中找到。
光成像子系统将印刷信息组织成一幅将最终再现于纸上的图像。所用的空间光调制器是典型的由单独的可寻址的单元组成的阵列的成像系统。图像经端口118传送到静电复印(EP)子系统130。光线中未用部分“留在”或被光成像子系统目吸收以保证打印清晰度。这部分与光电池有关的光还可用以监视空间光调制器，后面将详细讨论。一种用于处理未用光的方法见于美国专利NO.5101236，“光能控制系统及其操作方法”(“Light Energy Contool Systemand Method of Operation”。
除了传输端口118以外还有另外一个通讯端口。经过介于光成像子系统120和EP子系统130之间的端口122进行电子通讯。EP子系统130至少包含一个光接受面，如现在在许多打印系统中使用的有机光接收器(OPC)。它还包含必要的一个或多个墨粉容器以及一个处理器或控制电路以使EP子系统的表现象一个具有智能的或“聪明”的“机芯”。
EP子系统至少包含一个OPC132、一个充电装置136、一个介于OPC和光成像子系统之间的接口116、一个墨粉传输装置138、一个介于OPC和打印基片之间的接口144以及一种清除OPC上粉末的手段134。这里表示的系统带有一个OPC132，它从电荷滚筒136接收电荷。充电的OPC表面经过其与光成像子系统之间的界面，接收一个潜影，在受到光照时OPC表面的电荷会发生变化。然后潜影将墨粉吸住，在本例中墨粉是由磁性滚筒138传送的。在OPC上由墨粉形成的图像传送到位于第二接口144处的打印基片。墨粉经过打印基片后，通常被一种刮铲134从OPC上清除下来，并送入一个容器内。
在图中未画出熔凝器，它将墨粉图像熔在纸上，避免了墨点飞舞。这种过程典型的是利用加热的滚筒系统作为实现手段，在这里热封的墨粉(典型的为塑料)熔在纸上。
子系统140是打印基片子系统。打印基片为平面，通过来自光接收器的墨粉将图像最终传送到它们上面。通常用于打印静电复印图像和幻灯片的是纸和静电复印纸。皮带可用于系统内的多传送器，或者如这里所示，采用加速滚动器146。一种介于基片子系统和EP子系统之间的界面可以采用如端口144的开口或端口，基片经过该处时，光接收器将墨粉传送到基片上。基片子系统加载和输送基片。熔凝器过程既可由EP之系统也可由基片子系统完成。需要指出的是，虽然这三个子系统以分离的块的形式出现，这样做只是便于理解本系统的功能，并不意味着任何或所有部件不能集成到一个系统中。
在整个操作过程中，从激发光成像子系统的命令开始到基片送出打印机，都具有固有的非线性特征。大多数的光接收器的放电曲线和光敏特性是非线性的，这与大多数的墨粉成份的性质一样。为了获得高品质的打印效果，必须监视每一个部件的运行情况，其状态必须连续改变以达到最佳性能。
一种实现这些目标的过程在图2的流程图中示出。当在步骤210中打印机接通电源时该过程开始，但是正如下面将要讨论的，该过程可以在设计者要求的任何时刻重新开始。打印机启动后，在步骤211中系统对光源进行检测。如前所述，一种可能的方式是采用光电池或光电池阵列。例如，光源照亮一个所有元件都处于关闭状态的空间光调制器。光电池接收来自所有元件的光线，测量其强度并通过比较预期值与接受值之间的差异记录下调制器中任何一个功能异常的元件。随后，EP子系统生成一张失效元件图。
采用由一行行独立的可寻址元件构成的空间光调制器的优点在于能够校正这些失效点。该阵列只在沿处理方向上通过增加元件行的方式将行数扩展至一预定值。当某一行上存在一个失效点时，位于这些扩展行其中一行上并与该失效点属于同一列的位置上的工作点接受原先指定给失效点的数据并使相应数量的光线射向OPC。
在步骤212，系统测量在开机时剩余的墨粉量，还计算出需要预留的数量。这种计算是根据包含灰度的点数得到的。如果在实际测量值和计算值之间，即实际持有量对需要用量有一缺额，系统将在步骤213中提示用户。如果不存在缺额，过程将进入步骤214。
EP子系统接收来自入射光和复印静电粉末开机检测的数据。系统部件上的各种传感器将信息发送至EP子系统处理器。一些具有自监视能力的部件处于主动状态，另外一些其参数必须由主处理器计算或检测出来的部件处于被动状态。影响的参数例如有湿度、墨粉密度、OPC直径(由于清除粉末，有些部位会磨损)、熔凝器温度、光输出及其功率波动。然后在步骤217中，处理器计算出在由那些特性参数确定的不同的强度下所必需的曝光时间。在系统处理器于步骤218中接收打印数据之前，EP子系统将来自被监视的过程的信息送往系统处理器。
接下来，在步骤219中，系统处理器计算出生成满足要求的打印图像所需要的墨粉用量并确认有足够的实际供应量。如果实际供应量不足，如在步骤220中一样，系统将是提示用户。步骤221中的用户响应将确定系统如何调整打印图像以节省墨粉用量，可能是减少图像的灰度级别，或者是只允许用户打印灰度级别与墨粉用量相适应的图像。此外，也可以限制使用给定的彩色。系统另外一个附加功能是监视基片供应情况并提示用户基片是否用完。
纸张打印实际上在步骤222中完成，并且在步骤223中EP子系统进行更新信息，这种更新信息包括OPC的转数或者墨粉的消耗量。然后从流程图上的某处再次开始循环。有些参数，如墨粉剩余量，需要储存起来供开机检测时使用。这些参数存放在永久性存储器中。其它参数只在相应阶段的运行期间内需要使用。
系统的应用要求决定了它的运行方式，例如在完成每页打印后必须检测光源。过程也可以在不同的步骤之间重复。另一种可能的情形是根据系统运行的次数的不同返回至不同的起始点。例如，在前10页的打印中，系统每次都返回至步骤214，随后每次返回至步骤212。每经过5次这样的过程返回至步骤211。EP子系统和系统处理器完成流程图所示的整个过程。
图3表示一个单OPC132彩色EP子系统，与图1所示的EP子系统相似。在这个彩色EP子系统中一个墨粉容器被换成四个容器138a-138d以提供三种减色基元色(洋红、青和黄)和黑色。四种颜色的墨粉，每次一种颜色依次经过基片从而生成图像。系统监视增加了使用墨粉的性质和基片位置的校准度这两个参数。
由于使用的墨粉的缘故，为了在静电复印过程中将墨粉均匀送到光接收器上必须振动墨粉以产生所需的摩擦电荷。不过，通过一种振动方法可以在产生摩擦电荷过程的同时测量墨粉的剩余量。音频线圈的激励可以提供所需的振动，以不断产生墨粉。随后测量线圈的反电动势以确定墨粉的剩余量。
另外，为了防止粉末结块、促进混合，也有必要进行振动。为了防止在输送粉末的过程中引起不同种类粉末的沾污，必须限制振动幅度。如果光接收器旋转或由皮带传送，就必须进行附加的机械补偿。在计算光接收器的损耗时要考虑旋转圈数或完整回路数，并且它们需要作一些机械的调整。随后，光接收器按箭头的方向把墨粉传递到打印基片上。为了优化系统功能，需要调整所有这些步骤，并借助来自其它子系统的光。
考虑到光的监视作用，双向端口122(图1)允许光成像子系统和EP子系统进行通讯。光成像子系统知道传输到EP子系统的光通量。EP子系统能够监视接受到的光通量的大小，并设置程序为在上述两个光通量不同时发出警告，以表明子系统处于未对准或失效状态。此外，EP子系统能够引导光成像子系统进行电学调整以改变其它部件的特性，如光接收器的摩损。由于摩擦力，光接收器的直径最终会有所减小，从而导致轻微的图像偏移。EP子系统能够引导光成像子系统进行电学调整以使图像回复到原点。
一种监视光成像子系统的方法是将一个光电池或一个光电池阵列，或一个电荷耦合器件(CCD)阵列放在未用光的路径上。光电池还可以实时监视未用光和空间光调制器的状态。该信息可以令系统校正晒印部件，从而提供高质量的打印图像。
如果系统采用发光二极管(LEDS)阵列，光电池可能用来监视灰度等级。采用发光二极管后，通过调制LED的功率(满负荷，1/2，1/4等)，系统与用空间光调制器的相比增加了分辨率。当每个LED都开启时，系统得到了不同的灰度等级。光电池能够监视与LEDS的各种组合相关的各级灰度的强度。子系统将接受到用于每级灰度所必需的时间量，在调整曝光时将这些时间考虑进去。此外，如前面所述，系统能够监视空间光调制器的阻塞或未响应像元并作出相应调整。
除了灰度等级的时间以外，EP子系统也将监视墨粉、光接收器特性和磨损情况、墨粉的用法。当涉及彩色系统时，接受到的能使EP子系统调整曝光时间以获得灰度的光信息特别重要。
在图4的4-OPC EP子系统中需要进行不同的监视和补偿。在本实施例中，每个滚筒是一个自带墨粉分配器138a-138d、电晕放电136a-136d和清除刮铲134a-134d的光接收器132a-132d。EP子系统必须始终监视每个分开的站并保证打印质量。
为了调整系统的操作，EP子系统必须预置能够容纳和限制特殊的光接收器、墨粉和用于光成像系统的器件的软件。打印系统在操作过程中能够动态调整几个因素。例如，打印机含有控制OPC转速的步进电机或伺服控制器和用于产生静电(电晕放电)与控制熔凝器温度的控制器。因此，这些参数很容易改变，使得系统仅仅替换EP的机芯就可使整个系统升级。此外，墨粉的数量和每个部件的使用时间必须由EP子系统内的软件加载。该软件使得用户在出现任何问题或异常时轻而易举地替换墨粉和修理系统。
在操作过程中软件处于运行状态，当参数变化时软件将其写入非易失存储器内。在需要替换墨粉、部件或修理时诊断功能能够向用户发送警告或消息。非易失存储器需要某种备用电池以在关闭打印机时保存信息。非易失储存器具有另外一个优点。
主要的优点是，例如在打印机告知用户需要更多的墨粉时，用户将打印机送至一个销售中心，在这里有监视部件与非易失存储器相联。然后销售商可以了解需要替换什么或问题出在那里，并且将打印机送往维修中心或甚至可能在那里被重新整修一番。同时，用户得到了一个作为替换的新的或重新填粉的打印机，每台都带有自己独有的软件。为了避免任何混乱或错误的可能性，EP子系统一打开后，软件和操作参数即被抹去。这避免了一切原有系统参数保留的可能性及可能随之而来的较低的打印质量。于是能够对系统进行整修、重新编程工作，并重新销售。整修的方法如图5所示。
用户将打印机或一些部件送到零售商处，可能是在打印机提示用户之后，维修过程从此时开始。随后，零售商在步骤510中测量系统的使用方法。该信息用于在步骤511中更新用户外观。此外，在步骤511中，零售商获悉有关部件或为了提高替换部分的兼容性而出现的系统的名称的信息。在步骤512中，零售商对打印机软件出现任何错误的条件进行检查。
随后，错误的条件决定了零售商的工作。在步骤513中，如果零售商有能力修理或替换引起错误的部件，他或她就解决掉问题。可能的话任何无法修理的替换下来的部件再循环使用。如果零售商没有能力解决错误，用户将得到替换部件，而损坏的部件送往销售商那里。在步骤514中，假设零售商能够解决问题，系统就以通常的用途重新检验并更新操作参数以适合于新的信息。至此，该部件或系统返还至用户。
如果在步骤513中零售商无法处理这个问题，他或她就在步骤515中把系统送往销售商处作补给品仓库级修理。销售商对系统进行讯问和检查以确定问题并确认最佳解决方案。在步骤516中销售商最小程度地进行替换或修理工作。这在最大程度上保持了系统的兼容性。在步骤517中，系统的特性作了更新。最后，留在系统内的软件作了更新并被加载上去以显示新的部件。此外，在这一阶段任何必要的历史记录也被加载上去。如前所述，有些部件是能够监视和存储自身历史的主动式部件。被动式部件的历史必须输入系统内，这样系统能够监视那些部件的用法的操作特性。
EP子系统与系统处理器、EP子系统与销售商之间的通讯可以利用多种途径实现。一种特别方便的方式是采用手持式部件。该部件通过图6所示的电缆线610与打印机系统连接。手持式部件也可以采用无线的方式进行通讯，如光学的或其它方法。在EP子系统内可以插入或附加在其上一个脉冲转发器以在子系统与销售商之间进行通讯之用。来自EP子系统先前的系统或部件的信息将删除并输入新的子系统或部件的信息。为了追踪信息或控制环境，有必要保留一些信息。
非易失存储器的另一个优点是能够跟踪反映任何未按正确方式丢弃的EP子系统。墨粉一般具有一些很强的毒性和/或会危害环境。不当的丢弃可能会危害环境。
非易失存储器或脉冲转发器能够存储一个识别这些子系统的制造商和/或销售商的标题，因此在防止环境受到破坏的同时也提供了清除工作责任方的名字。
上述系统使得在具备那些与计算比较发挥最大用途的部件时能完成高质量的打印工作。扩展的用途和容易整修使得用户花费最少的努力就能完成较为便宜、高质量的打印工作。
因此，虽然已经描述了一个带有智能EP子系统的打印系统的特别实施例，但是除了以下权利要求中的前序部分以外并无将这样的特别说明视作对本发明范围进行限制的目的。

Claims (12)

1.一种打印系统，其特征在于，包含：
a.一个光成像子系统；
b.一个静电复印子系统，包括：
i.至少一个从所述光成像子系统接收光线的光接收器；
ii.至少一个将墨粉转移至光接收器的墨粉分配器；以及
iii.一个将所述墨粉转移至打印基片的接口；
c.一个基片处理子系统，其中所述至少一个光接收器通过所述接口将墨粉转移至打印基片；以及
d.一个根据从所述静电复印子系统接收的信息连续调整所述系统操作的处理器，其中所述调整包括控制用户可用的灰度级别和颜色的数量和选择。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述的静电复印子系统至少有一个部件具有与所述处理器进行通讯的主动式监视功能。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述静电复印子系统至少有一个部件是被动式的，因此所述处理器必须计算其操作参数。
4.一个静电复印子系统，其特征在于包含：
a.一个光接收器；
b.一个监视光成像子系统产生的光线的光传感器；
c.至少一个将墨粉转移至所述光接收器的墨粉分配器，其中所述墨粉分配器包含监视功能；以及
d.一个处理器，其中所述处理器处理涉及下列至少一个方面的数据：
i.所述传感器从光成像子系统接收的光线，其中所述传感器向所述处理器提供所述光线的光强信息；
ii.所述光接收器的特性，其中所述特性包括所述光接收器的磨损情况；
iii.所述墨粉分配器的容量，包括数量上的和成份上的；以及
iv.用于基于所述处理器接收数据的所述子系统的选定子部件和所述光成像子系统的操作参数；以及
e.一个非易失存储器，这些参数被写入其中，所述存储器在所述静电复印子系统打开时被删除。
5.如权利要求4所述的静电复印子系统，其特征在于所述处理器实时监视至少一个所述被监视的处理过程。
6.如权利要求4所述的静电复印子系统，其特征在于所述处理器在开机时至少监视一个所述处理过程。
7.一个墨粉分配器，其特征在于，包括：
a.一个墨粉材料的容器；
b.用于存储所述的墨粉材料特性信息的存储电路；
c.一个诸如在振动时测量其反电动势并将所述的测量结果用于确定墨粉剩余数量的线圈；以及
d.用于将所述的数量和特性信息送往系统处理器的通讯电路。
8.一种用于校准一个空间光调制器打印系统的方法，其特征在于，包括：
a.将一个空间光调制器的所有单元都激发至一个预定状态，这里所述的预定状态是对所有元素都相同的状态；
b.光照射到所述的调制器上；
c.监视传感器接受到的来自所述调制器的光，诸如通过接受到的来自那些失效元件的光的差别鉴别出失效元件；以及
d.利用所述失效元件的所述信息调整所述调制器的操作以校正任何由所述失效元件引起的打印图像中的缺陷。
9.一种用于升级打印系统的方法，其特征在于，包括：
a.将机芯插入所述的系统；以及
b.在所述的处理器与所述系统的子部件之间进行通讯，在这里所述的通讯包括对每一个与之通讯的子部件设置操作参数。
10.在权利要求9的方法中，其特征在于，所述的操作参数是熔凝器温度。
11.在权利要求9的方法中，其特征在于，所述的操作参数是静电荷的产生。
12.在权利要求9的方法中，其特征在于，所述的操作参数是OPC的转速。
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EP0785479B1 (en) 2001-10-24
EP0785484A3 (en) 1998-05-13
EP0785479A2 (en) 1997-07-23
DE69524295T2 (de) 2002-07-18
EP0687962B1 (en) 2001-12-05
EP0785484B1 (en) 2001-10-24
DE69523466T2 (de) 2002-06-27
CA2149951A1 (en) 1995-12-18
JPH0844124A (ja) 1996-02-16
US5794095A (en) 1998-08-11
US5797060A (en) 1998-08-18
EP0791863A3 (en) 1998-05-13
US5673106A (en) 1997-09-30
EP0785479A3 (en) 1998-05-13
DE69523467D1 (de) 2001-11-29
CN1128364A (zh) 1996-08-07
TW401536B (en) 2000-08-11
EP0687962A3 (en) 1997-08-06
DE69523470T2 (de) 2002-05-23
DE69523470D1 (de) 2001-11-29
DE69524295D1 (de) 2002-01-17
US5842088A (en) 1998-11-24
EP0791863B1 (en) 2001-10-24
DE69523466D1 (de) 2001-11-29
EP0785484A2 (en) 1997-07-23
KR960001921A (ko) 1996-01-26
DE69523467T2 (de) 2002-06-20
EP0791863A2 (en) 1997-08-27
EP0687962A2 (en) 1995-12-20

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