CN1094409C - Method for making speed changer gear - Google Patents
Method for making speed changer gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN1094409C CN1094409C CN98100699A CN98100699A CN1094409C CN 1094409 C CN1094409 C CN 1094409C CN 98100699 A CN98100699 A CN 98100699A CN 98100699 A CN98100699 A CN 98100699A CN 1094409 C CN1094409 C CN 1094409C
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- gear
- nitriding
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- speed changer
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for making a speed changer gear, which comprises the steps that after hot forging blanking, recrystallization heating is carried out; the cooling speed in the cooling process is controlled, and thus, the hardness of the speed changer gear is in accordance with the brinell hardness of HB165 to 210; then, cutting processing and hobbing are carried out for tooth blanks; induction heating hardening and tempering are carried out to the tooth part of the gear of which the teeth are cut, and thus, the hardness of the gear is regulated within the range of the rockwell hardness of HRC30 to 48 to be in machine work to shave teeth; finally, gas nitriding is carried out. The present invention realizes the high efficiency processing of the gear. Through the strengthening and toughening treatment of a base body and flexible nitriding, the strength of the nitrized gear exceeds the carburizing and quenching level of 20CrMnTi steel.
Description
The invention belongs to the preparation method of gear, particularly a kind of automobile, tractor method for making speed changer gear.
Automobile, tractor transmission gear mainly adopt the low-carbon alloy steel carburizing quenching process to realize the reinforcement of gear at present, form typical gear manufacturing processes as shown in Figure 1 thus, the shortcoming of this technology is to carry out high temeperature chemistry heat treatment again and be implemented in quenching in the oil after the fine finishining of tooth portion, thereby distortion is bigger.In order to reduce distortion, although use quenching degree control steel grade and through the special use quenching oil product of modification, heat treatment deformation is still bigger.As carry out heat back roll flute, cost is improved, and might reduce the bearing capacity of gear.
The nitriding gear is a kind of atomic little surface peening gear that is out of shape, this is favourable for noise abatement, but this gear does not still have the intensity of steel alloy carburizing and quenching gear so far, and the high efficiency tooth punching processing of the difficult realization of this class steel grade, therefore, be used for automobile, the tractor transmission gear is still infeasible although its heat treatment deformation amount is gratifying.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for making speed changer gear, overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and defect.Improve the gears engaged quality and reduce the top priority that noise has become the speed changer industry thereby reduce heat treatment deformation, on the basis of the modern carburizing and quenching technology that becomes better and approaching perfection day by day, it is very difficult further to reduce heat treatment deformation.The objective of the invention is to give full play to the small advantage of nitriding gear shifting quadrant texturing, with gear hobbing, shaving is that tooth portion is thick, the fine finishining means, by adopting the new gear nitrided steel and implementing the level that novel heat treatment technics is brought up to the bearing capacity of nitriding gear carburizing and quenching gear.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of method for making speed changer gear is characterized in that, adopts structural steel, carries out tooth portion quenching or modified again behind gear hobbing or gear shaping, the gear preparation method of carrying out gas nitriding again.
Concrete is to adopt chemical composition to be:
C：0.25-0.40％，
Mn：0.6-1.5％，
Cr：1.5-3.0％，
Mo：0.15-0.6％，
V：0.15-0.25％，
O
2＜30PPM does not have the steel that quenching degree requires; Through forging base, the initial forging temperature of this steel grade is greater than 1050 ℃, and final forging temperature is for being not less than 900 ℃; To the forging stock heating that is recrystallized, heating-up temperature is 880 ℃-920 ℃, controls cooling velocity in cooling procedure subsequently then, and cooling velocity is 9 ℃/minute-36 ℃/minute, makes it obtain Brinell hardness HB165-210; After this different accuracy according to gear requires to select following corresponding process route:
To 7 class precision gears: carry out the processing of tooth base,,, carry out tooth portion thereafter and quench, carry out gas nitriding then again through shaving again through smart gear hobbing; Gear surface Vickers hardness after the nitriding is≤HV900 that the effective case depth of its nitriding layer should be less than 0.15mm; Effectively the computational methods of hardened layer are the distance from surface to HV513 place.
To 6 class precision gears: carry out the processing of tooth base, modified through tooth portion more again through smart gear hobbing, quenching and tempering hardness can be regulated between the paper hardness HRC30-48 of Lip river, carries out shaving again, carries out gas nitriding then; Gear surface Vickers hardness after the nitriding is≤HV900 that the effective case depth of its nitriding layer should be less than 0.15mm; Effectively the computational methods of hardened layer are the distance from surface to HV513 place.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention has realized the high efficiency machining of gear, handles by the Strengthening and Toughening of matrix to be aided with the toughness nitriding, makes the level of the intensity of nitriding gear above 20CrMnTi steel carburizing and quenching, and its contact fatigue test the results are shown in following table:
Gear contact fatigue test result
Nitriding gear and carburizing and quenching gear (20CrMnTi steel) tooth root flexural fatigue curve is seen Fig. 6.
| Sequence number | Contact stress (Mpa) | The accumulative total cycle-index | Flank of tooth point touches situation | Remarks |
| 1 | 1976 | 5.24×10 | Pinion has tooth appearance-1 * 2mm point to touch the hole | Run off |
| 2 | 2405 | 1.56×10 | Flank of tooth light | Stop examination |
| 3 | 2545 | 2.6×10 | Pinion one tooth has-3 * 4mm point corrosion pit, and bidentate has 1.5 * 1mm point corrosion pit in addition | Stop examination |
Fig. 1 is existing typical carburizing and quenching gear manufacture process block diagram.Fig. 2 is the manufacturing flow chart of the present invention to 7 class precision gears.Fig. 3 is that the present invention forces to make flow chart to 6 class precision gears.Fig. 4 is existing typical nitriding process general precision gear manufacturing processes block diagram.Fig. 5 is existing typical nitriding process degree of precision gear manufacturing processes block diagram.Fig. 6 is nitriding gear of the present invention and existing carburizing and quenching gear tooth root flexural fatigue curve R-S-N curve map.A: be nitriding gear of the present invention, B:20CiMnTi steel carburizing and quenching gear.
The invention solves following technical task for achieving the above object, determine that promptly Cr-Mn-Mo-V is a nitriding gear steel grade, provided the forging stock heat treatment method that guarantees cutting ability, the gear Strengthening and Toughening heat treatment of little distortion and controllable gas nitriding system, provide manufacturing flow chart according to different requirements, see Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 the strength of gear teeth and precision.
Fig. 2 is to 7 class precision gears: after the forging, through giving first heat treatment, control cooling velocity, again through the processing of tooth base, again through smart gear hobbing, again through shaving, quench through tooth portion again, again through gas nitriding, last gear honing.
Fig. 3 is to 6 class precision gears: through the processing of tooth base, modified through tooth portion more again after the forging again through smart gear hobbing through giving first heat treatment, control cooling velocity, and again through shaving, at last again through gas nitriding.
This is applicable to that the high strength nitriding gear manufacturing technology of automobile, tractor speed changer relates to each key link of Gear Processing, and its content is expressed as follows:
Raw material blanking after heat forging base thereafter with cold base or utilize the heating that is recrystallized of forging stock waste heat, makes it hardness by the control cooling velocity and meets Brinell hardness HB165-210 in cooling procedure subsequently.After this carry out the turning processing and the gear hobbing of tooth base, the gear after the tooth punching is carried out quenching, the tempering of tooth portion, its hardness is regulated in Rockwell hardness HRC30-48 scope.Change machine shop over to, carry out shaving, carry out gas nitriding then.This gear had than the more excellent bearing capacity of 20CrMnTi steel carburizing and quenching gear and was out of shape atomic little this moment.
Details are as follows for the composition of relevant this invention:
(1) material
Traditional nitrided steel is for containing aluminum steel, and as 38CrMoAlA etc., this material nitriding rear surface hardness is too high, reaches Vickers hardness, HV1000-1200, and infiltration layer fragility is big, and machinability is undesirable.The material chemical composition that the present invention determines is: C:0.25-0.40%, Mn:0.6-1.5%, Cr:1.5-3.0%, Mo:0.15-0.6%, V:0.15-0.25%, O
2＜30PPM.
(2) forge and give first heat treatment
This steel grade initial forging temperature is greater than 1050 ℃, and final forging temperature should be not less than 900 ℃.The heating that must be recrystallized of blank after the forge hot, heating-up temperature is 880 ℃-920 ℃, control cooling velocity cooling velocity is 9 ℃/minute-36 ℃/minute in cooling procedure subsequently, makes it obtain Brinell hardness HB165-210.The hardness of blank is too high or too low all will to influence machinability.
(3) modifier treatment.
The modified procedure arrangement of traditional nitriding gear is before cutting and be that the tooth base is carried out the modified Fig. 4 of opinion of integral body, Fig. 5.Gear to the general precision requirement: by forging through modified (normalizing), again through gear hobbing, again through shaving, last nitriding.To the demanding gear of essence: by forging, through normalizing or annealing, again through rough turn again through modified, through half smart gear hobbing, take care of oneself again through smart gear hobbing, again through shaving, again through nitriding, at last again through gear honing through destressing more again.The for example heat treatment (China Machine Press, in November, 1994) of the heat treatment handbook second edition second volume chapter 1 gear.
It is modified that the present invention carries out tooth portion after by gear hobbing, and quenching and tempering hardness can be regulated between He Shi hardness HRC30-48.The matrix of hard intensity forms very favourable combining with nitriding layer in this.
(4) gas nitriding
At present in the nitridation technique of gear, to whether allowing the existence of nitride layer, white layer and the thickness of nitriding layer all has arguement.The present invention is by studies confirm that, during the thickness of nitride layer, white layer＜0.005mm bearing capacity do not had adverse effect, and under the condition of surperficial Vickers hardness≤HV900, the nitriding layer effective case depth should be less than 0.15mm, and the gear after the nitriding need not carry out bead.
Pure ammonia nitriding is adopted in gas nitriding, also can adopt the nitriding of ammonia hydrogenation, nitriding temperature＜540 ℃.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method for making speed changer gear is characterized in that, adopts chemical composition to be:
C：0.25-0.40％，
Mn：0.6-1.5％，
Cr：1.5-3.0％，
Mo：0.15-0.6％，
V：0.15-0.25％，
O
2＜30PPM does not have the steel that quenching degree requires; Through forging base, the initial forging temperature of this steel grade is greater than 1050 ℃, and final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃; To the forging stock heating that is recrystallized, heating-up temperature is 880 ℃-920 ℃, controls cooling velocity in cooling procedure subsequently then, and cooling velocity is 9 ℃/minute-36 ℃/minute, makes it obtain Brinell hardness HB165-210; After this different accuracy according to gear requires to select following corresponding process route; To 7 class precision gears: carry out the processing of tooth base,,, carry out tooth portion thereafter and quench, carry out gas nitriding then again through shaving again through smart gear hobbing; Gear surface Vickers hardness after the nitriding is≤HV900 that the effective case depth of its nitriding layer should be less than 0.15mm; The distance from surface to HV513 place of the computational methods of effective hardened layer.
2, according to the described method for making speed changer gear of claim 1, it is characterized in that, to 6 class precision gears: carry out the processing of tooth base, through smart gear hobbing, modified through tooth portion more again, quenching and tempering hardness can be regulated between Rockwell hardness HRC30-48, carry out shaving again, carry out gas nitriding then; Gear surface Vickers hardness≤HV900 after the nitriding, the effective case depth of its nitriding layer should be less than 0.15mm; The distance from surface to HV513 place of the computational methods of effective hardened layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98100699A CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98100699A CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1229018A CN1229018A (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| CN1094409C true CN1094409C (en) | 2002-11-20 |
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| CN98100699A Expired - Fee Related CN1094409C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | Method for making speed changer gear |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100761A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-24 | 伊顿公司 | Manufacturing is used for the method for the ring gear of heavy driving shaft |
| US4949456A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-08-21 | Eaton Corporation | Method of making ring gear and ring gear therefrom |
-
1998
- 1998-03-13 CN CN98100699A patent/CN1094409C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100761A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-24 | 伊顿公司 | Manufacturing is used for the method for the ring gear of heavy driving shaft |
| US4949456A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-08-21 | Eaton Corporation | Method of making ring gear and ring gear therefrom |
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| CN1229018A (en) | 1999-09-22 |
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