CN1112852C - Method for producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a manufacturing method for materials for meat product processing, more specifically a manufacturing method for an edible protein sausage casing, in which a plurality of animal hides such as pig skin and ox skin are made into alkali collagen which is used as raw materials. The method comprises the process steps: collagen extrusion molding, pre-fixing, drying and fixing, finished product sausage casing collecting and shortening, etc. The method has easy operation, and equipment can easily prevent corrosion and can be simplified; the needed raw materials have wide sources, and the obtained shortened sausage casing finished product can satisfy the requirements of the production of sausages and other sausages.

Description

The method and apparatus of producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material

The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of making carnivorous bowel lavage class artificial casing of animal skins;

Utilize for example pig of animal skins, the cow split leather is made edible man-made protein casing, be used for meat food processing and make sausage, products such as bowel lavage, solved the natural casing contradiction that there is lack of raw materials, and artificial casing is than the natural casing uniform specification, health, be easy to suitability for industrialized production, be substituted most of natural casing, the U.S., Germany, states such as Poland are tending towards ripe substantially from the seventies production method and equipment, so some open source literatures have also disclosed the technology of these artificial casings successively, as United States Patent (USP) 3123482 (1964), 3123645 (1964), 3346402 (1971), 3375358 (1971) are the documents that early discloses the artificial casing production technology, the food scientific research institution of China and scientific research personnel have also begun to explore and research from the eighties, as " agriculture and animal husbandry and food machinery " in May, 1980 version introduced external meat products machining profile, 1989 the 2nd phases disclosed the Collagent casing for sausages production overview of more domestic producers.

The production method of the Collagent casing for sausages of introducing in the above-mentioned open source literature comprises that mainly earlier animal skins being carried out soda acid handles, make it to obtain the collagen of homogeneous, add some chemical substances then, strengthen its film forming, by extruding or fixer is fixed, drying, obtain the tubular proteins casing again.

But take a broad view of the production method of existing Collagent casing for sausages, by affiliated technical field, it can be divided in two kinds of method and wet methods, two kinds of methods respectively possess some good points, also there is country to adopt respectively, but also there is weak point separately, dry method adopts the country of dry method to mainly contain the U.S. at present, Germany, Poland etc.), the weak point of its existence is to control the collagen moisture content about 90% before requirement production process collagen is made the casing moulding, this collagen material viscosity is bigger, need to adjust collagen viscosity and fibre length with chemical substance, the production equipment needed thereby is huge, complex structure, and the product hardness of making is bigger, with the performance of natural casing big gap is arranged, be not suitable for making the Guangdong style sausage that Chinese and Asians like; And wet production (being representative with states such as Britain, Australia mainly) requirement formation casing precollagen moisture content is more than 95%, viscosity is less, the collagen processing procedure is easy, but intensity is lower, product quality is not easy to stablize, method and apparatus was complicated when the typing of production process middle and later periods was handled, length consuming time.

It is that raw material is made Collagent casing for sausages with pig, ox-hide that the Wuzhou Municiple Protein Sausage-Casing Factory, Guangxi takes the lead in China, in achieving success several years ago, but key technology has been carried out secrecy processing, the scientific research personnel of our factory all studies wet method and dry method, create out with wet method or dry method and all can produce the Guangdong style sausage casing that suitable Asians likes, also can produce the production technology of large-scale European casing, the state that makes China rely on natural casing and the external artificial casing of part import has for a long time obtained solution.

Staff's Chen Zhiqiang of Wuzhou Municiple Protein Sausage-Casing Factory is applied for " alkaline collagen and preparation method thereof " (application number 95107528.4 to Patent Office of the People's Republic of China on July nineteen ninety-five 4, CN1139522A) and " protein sausage casing making method " (application number: 95116018, CN1146284) patent of invention, now this right to patent by administrative authority for patent be judged to the ownership of the Wuzhou Municiple Protein Sausage-Casing Factory all, this method discloses with alkaline process carries out pretreated technology to collagen, concrete steps are: 1. animal skins is softening with lime earlier, 2. cutting, washing and pickling, wash with water again to neutrality, 3. cut with scissors brokenly, add NaOH or Na ₂CO ₃Immersion makes it to expand, and 4. compressing tablet 5. adds entry, alkali, cellulose and stirs, and making PH is 11.5-12.5,6. the elimination coarse grain deposit alkaline collagen, standby.

Report according to open source literature, at present in the manufacturing process of collagen, no matter be dry method or wet method, handle at soda acid, rub, obtain collagen, it is preceding to enter moulding (one-tenth casing), the PH of collagen generally is controlled at about 2-4, and this is that technology according to the physical property of collagen and extrusion molding (wet method is fixed) determines, because collagen is acid, can cause corrosion to production equipment, so the equipment of most of collagen casing factory adopts stainless steel material, the cost height, it is long to produce the investment payback time.

The scientific and technical personnel of Wuzhou Municiple Protein Sausage-Casing Factory, Guangxi carried out many valuable tests to alkaline collagen, had grasped alkaline collagen and with the method and apparatus of producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly on the basis of the described making alkaline collagen of CN1139522A albumen, further makes the intensity height, the production method and the equipment of the man-made protein casing that mouthfeel is good.

The present invention is achieved in that and produces alkaline collagen by the described method of Chinese patent CN1139522A earlier, it comprises following processing step: 1. lime treatment cladding, pig, ox-hide washed be placed in the water, add the lime of 5-10%, cladding was softened 10-20 days; 2. cut apart, washing, pickling, the cladding that lime is softening cuts into pieces, little, is washed to neutrality earlier, adds watery hydrochloric acid again, makes solution ph 2-3, wash 2-3 time, again with water rinse neutrality extremely; 3. rub and alkali swelling, above-mentioned cladding is rubbed with meat grinder, add NaOH or sodium carbonate, the about 0.2-0.3 of alkali concn soaks, and the maintenance solution PH is 13-14, treats the cladding shape that is translucent, usefulness clear water flush away alkali lye, and making PH is 11.5-13; 4. compressing tablet is pressed into thin slice with tablet press machine with the cladding of alkali swelling; 5. stir and the adding additive, in above-mentioned cladding, add suitable quantity of water and edible cellulose (as methylcellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose), stir, and add alkali NaOH or Na ₂CO ₃, make PH keep 11.5-13; 6. filter, with above-mentioned alkaline collagen albumen elimination coarse grain, preserve standbyly under 10-20 ℃ condition, this alkaline collagen hide collagen weight content is 3-7%, but edible cellulose 0.1-0.5%, the about 93-97% of water.

Processing step with above-mentioned producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material is as follows:

One, extrusion molding is put the above-mentioned collagen that stirs to continuous extruder and to be extruded into the uniform cylinder casing film of thickness by rotary nozzle;

Two, acid brine is fixed, and the casing film that will extrude from extruder is rapidly with fixing more than 4 minutes the hydrochloric acid of PH3-5 and the mixed sodium-chloride water solution, and is predrying to half-dried in the time of 40-50 ℃ then;

Three, cleaning and back are dry fixing, above-mentioned half-dried casing film is attached to top acid and salt with the rapid flush away of clear water, in dry tunnel, spray clear water on one side, dry on one side, several times repeatedly, spoon the aqueous solution of forming by 0.1-0.5% glutaraldehyde, 2.0-4.0% glycerine, food antiseptics Sodium Benzoate [claiming the back fixer] for the last time and spray once, dry again;

Four, cover contracts, and above-mentioned dry casing is contracted with overlapping the mantle that contracts, and obtains the finished product casing.

Five, post processing at 70-85 ℃, under the condition of relative humidity 80-95% is handled above-mentioned finished product casing 30 hours, obtains the better finished product casing of flexibility.

Below sketch the key equipment and the operation principle of producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material:

1. extruder, extruder is a continuous extruder, the termination of extruder is provided with a collagen shower nozzle, shower nozzle is made up of two concentric axle sleeves, and one is axis, and two is overcoat, they are nested together, one circular slit in the middle of forming, and collagen can form tube by this slit, road; For strengthening product strength, also be provided with a rotating casing in the shower nozzle, tooth is arranged in the sleeve pipe, earlier it is enclosed within outer tube, be placed in again on the axis, form an annulus minizone with the axis of fixing, when rotating casing rotates, make collagen by the overlapping in a lateral direction braiding of fiber, make product enough intensity all be arranged in direction in length and breadth; Axis, rotating casing, overcoat are separately fixed on the pedestal, and to guarantee invariant position, circular slit guarantees constant substantially, makes casing forming dimension unanimity; In addition, also be provided with an aperture, from then on flow into acid chlorization sodium fixer in the aperture at the shower nozzle axis, promptly the shower nozzle overcoat with pre-fix liquid bath and directly link to each other; Alkaline collagen is extruded into shower nozzle, after the rotating casing braiding, passes through slit between axis and the overcoat again, enters to pre-fix in the liquid bath, feeds fixer from shower nozzle axis aperture, touches fixer immediately behind the formation tube, obtains the casing of certain intensity.

2. pre-fix liquid bath, the container of main splendid attire acid chlorization sodium solution, the shower nozzle of its extruder is at an end of groove, and certain-length is arranged, make the casing of extruding that enough 4 minutes time of staying be arranged in groove, its operation principle is to contact with fixer when the extruder shower nozzle is sprayed into tube, the fixing rapidly sclerosis of collagen, because collagen is alkalescence, fixer is that Aci-Jel albumen also can quicken sclerosis in the acid-base neutralization reaction.

3. the casing drying alley is provided with in the tunnel by dragging the linkage that wheel, jockey wheel, aerator and spray thrower constitute, and drags the end that wheel is located at the tunnel, be used to spur casing, deliver to a trustship after the casing inflation, jockey wheel is that casing is held up, and makes casing unsettled, the similar conveyer belt of its structure, allow casing pass to the other end from of tunnel, spray thrower is located at a trustship top, is used to spray clear water or fixer, the casing adhesion is easy to drying when making spray.

4. overlap the machine that contracts, the effect of overlapping the machine that contracts is the shape that casing is vertically shortened into easy packing, it is by dragging wheel, ventilation wheel, collect bar, collect wheel, changing parts such as linkage and aerating mechanism and constitute, and the gas that feeds casing feeds by collecting the bar mesopore, and casing is through dragging wheel, the ventilation wheel is dragged to the collection bar, promote through collecting wheel, be collected in to collect to overlap on the bar and contract, change another bar again behind the full bar of receipts, casing after the extrapolated cover of the bar of changing contracts promptly obtains the finished product casing.

The method of producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material of the present invention is compared with other method, and its outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement is:

1. use the collagen of alkali treatment, can alleviate the equipment corrosion of production process, present most dry method or wet production, collagen is the acid medium about PH2-4 before shaping, equipment there is corrosion, major part all needs to use stainless steel equipment, and the present invention can be with common through antiseptic steel, and equipment investment cost can reduce a lot.

2. the processing procedure method is simplified, and operating procedure is simple, and alkaline collagen viscosity is low, extrusion molding easily, but because of using rotary nozzle, direction braiding collagenous fibres do not influence casing intensity in length and breadth.

3. fixer is the acid chlorization sodium solution, and when alkaline collagen touches acid solution after extruder ejection, both fixing casing can play neutralization again, did not need to neutralize in addition with alkali after obtaining casing again.

4. equipment is reasonable in design, and particularly the gathering-device of the shower nozzle of extruder and folding and reducing machine is that the our factory scientific and technical personnel are through long-time practice and improved scientific and technological achievement.

5. drying alley directly links to each other with casing, by the casing aerating of gathering machine in drying alley, can obtain foldable albumen sausage casing after the collection.

6. the intensity of finished product casing can reach the food hygiene of national regulation and the intensity that bowel lavage factory requires.

7. casing has hear resistance, but close with natural casing, and eating mouth feel is good, chews easily.

The embodiment of the invention:

1. make according to the described method of Chinese patent CN1139522A and contain collagen hide collagen 3.0-7.0% (its heifer albumen accounts for total protein concentration more than 70%, Pigskin Protein accounts for total protein concentration about 30%, methylcellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1-0.5%, PH11.5-13.0, the alkaline collagen albumen of water content, be present in below 18 ℃, in extruder, extrude, use rotary nozzle, fixer uses the edible salt saturated aqueous solution, and transfers to PH3.0-5.0 with hydrochloric acid, ejection is promptly fixedly being fixed sclerosis in the liquid bath, transfer to drying alley predryingly then at 40-50 ℃, drying is once with clear water spray, then sprays with fixer for 2-3 time, back fixer glutaraldehyde 0.1-0.5%, glycerine 2.0-4.0%, food antiseptics 0.08-0.1%, all the other are water, collect also foldable with collecting bar again, at 70-85 ℃, relative humidity 80-95% handled 30 hours down then, and packing can be dispatched from the factory.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of method of producing protein sausage casing by using basic collagen as raw material, comprise the several steps that alkaline collagen is made: (1) softens animal skins with lime, (2) chopping of the cladding after will softening, add acid rinse and water cleans, (3) rubbing and adding alkali soak and make it to expand: (4) compressing tablet, (5) stirring and adding edible cellulose and alkali, making PH is 11.5-13, is stored in low temperature, but the more above-mentioned alkaline collagen that obtains is made edible protein casing, it is characterized in that:

A, extrusion molding, alkaline collagen put to the continuous extruder by shower nozzle extrude the cylinder casing film;

B, acid brine are fixed, and the cylinder casing film is fixed with the hydrochloric acid saturated sodium-chloride water solution of PH3-5, and be predrying to half-dried when 40-50 spends;

C, cleaning and back are dry fixing, and casing film is sprayed clear water and drying in drying alley, and several times spoon the aqueous solution by 0.1-0.5% glutaraldehyde, 2.0-4.0% glycerine, food antiseptics Sodium Benzoate 0.08-0.1% repeatedly, and be dry again;

D, foldable and post processing use the foldable back of folding and reducing machine at 70-85 ℃ casing, handle under the condition of relative humidity 80-95%, obtain finished product protein casing.

2, a kind of equipment of implementing the described making alkaline collagen of claim 1 protein method, it is characterized in that it comprises continuous extruder, pre-fixes liquid bath, the casing drying alley, collect the cover machine that contracts, wherein continuous extruder is equipped with rotary nozzle, rotary nozzle is packed into and is pre-fixed in the liquid bath, rotary nozzle is made of concentric shafts and overcoat, described axis and outer inner room form circular slit, have one to flow into the hole that pre-fixes liquid in the axis.

3, the equipment of making alkaline collagen albumen sausage casing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that collecting the cover machine that contracts comprises and drags wheel, collect bar, collect wheel, change linkage and aerating mechanism, wherein drag wheel and be contained in the front of collecting wheel, collect wheel and be contained in by the collection bar, be provided with passage in the middle of the collection bar, the air of aerating mechanism feeds in the middle passage of collection bar.