CN1120428C - 在不断电情况下去除数据处理系统的部件的设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在不对数据处理系统断电下提供增添或去掉该系统的部件的能力(“热插入”)的方法和系统。该系统包括一个驻留在主桥路(202)的仲裁器(202a),控制及电源逻辑电路(208)以及多个和总线连接的线内切换模块(326,328)。每个线内切换模块(326,328)为和其连接的负载提供隔离。主桥路(202)会同控制及电源逻辑电路(208)实现诸如向选定的槽斜坡式加电或断电的热插入操作,并且激活适当的线内开关以与负载(目标/控制主体)通信。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及数据处理系统,并更具体地涉及允许在不断电下对系统添加或去除部件的方法和设备。
背景技术
计算机已成为当前社会的一个组成部分。对计算机的要求以及期望已经提高到计算机本质上必须在连续的基础上运行。遗憾的是,随着时间的推移,可能需要更新或修理计算机的某些部件。在出现修理或更新时,典型地会引起断开系统的电源。在当今的健壮环境下,须使系统断电是不能接受的解决办法。对于服务器型环境,这是尤为确实的。
因此,具有一种允许在进行修理或更新期间不必对系统断电的方法和设备是很有好处的。若该系统和设备允许该系统以及其部件在修理和更新期间继续运行也应是有好处的。本发明提供这样的设备和方法。
欧洲专利申请0 674 274公开一种带有包含一条SCSI总线的底板的计算机系统,该SCSI总线用于把主处理机和一些盘驱动器连接起来。该底板包括若干开关,它们可用于在热交换下对某盘驱动器断电。该底板还具有指示何时热交换盘机是安全的LED。
“Electronic Engineering”杂志,Vol.67,No.827,1 November1995,Page 14,“Hot docking PCI-to PCI has link to ISA past”,公开一种对接系统,其对便携式系统提供对对接站的热、温、冷对接。
PCT专利申请93 15459公开一种方法,用于在不断开系统电源下插入或去除计算机总线网络中的板。检测信号指示板的插入或去除。插入板时,槽控制器等待现有总线业务的停止,然后对该板加电并复位。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于在不断电下去除数据处理系统的构件的方法,该设备包括:一条主总线;多条各具有一个可容纳电子部件的槽的辅助总线;用于选择性地建立从主总线到一条辅助总线的物理连接并且用于去掉该连接的选择装置,该选择装置包括多个各用于建立从主总线到一条辅助总线的物理连接的并用于去掉该连接的开关;用于允许在不对数据处理系统断电下去除各个部件的去除装置,该去除装置包括用于检测何时在一个槽中驻留部件的装置。本发明特征在于,该选择装置还包括一个具有一个用于接收控制主总线的请求的以及用于把一个请求选为控制的主体的仲裁器的主桥路;并且去除装置还包括用于检测操作员何时希望去除一个部件的装置。
本发明还提供一种数据处理设备,包括如上所述的一个设备,以及和主总线连接的存储器,和主总线连接的输入装置,用于接收来自用户的输入;一个中央处理单元,用于执行存储的指令;以及一个显示器,用于显示执行指令的结果和显示接收的输入。
附图说明
现在参照附图仅以示例的方式说明本说明,附图是:
图1是在其中实施本发明的数据处理系统;
图2是一个高层方块图,表示依据本发明的原理可在图1的数据处理系统中包括的可选部件;
图3是一个电路图,更详细地示出用于依据本发明的原理的热插入的图2PCI总线的配置,以及
图4A-4B是流程图,说明依据本发明的原理的用于热插入的由图3的控制和电源逻辑电路以及主桥路所使用的方法的组成步骤。
具体实施方式
现参照图1,图中示出可实施本发明的数据处理系统20。数据处理系统20包括处理机22、键盘82和显示器96。通过电缆28,键盘82和处理机22连接。显示器96包括显示器屏幕30,可利用阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器、电极发光屏等实现。数据处理系统20还包括指点器84,后者可利用跟踪球、操纵杆、触感板或屏、跟踪条或如所示的鼠标器实现。指点器84可用于在显示屏幕30上移动指针或光标。处理机22还和一个或多个外围设备连接,例如调制解调器92、CD-ROM78、网络适配器90和软盘机40,它们每个可以在外壳或处理机22的内部或外部。诸如打印机100的输出部件也可和处理机22连接。
业内的一般技术人员会注意到和认识到,显示器96、键盘82和指点器84各能用周知的若干畅销品中的任一种实施。
现参照图2,图中以高层方块图表示依据本发明的原理可以在图1的数据处理系统20中包含的可选用部件。数据处理系统20主要由计算机可读的指令控制,指令可以以软件的形式,或通过任何存储软件或访问软件的装置。这样的软件可在中央处理机(CPU)50内执行,以使数据处理系统20工作。
和系统总线5连接的存储器包括随机存取存储器(RAM)56、只读存储器(ROM)58和非易失性存储器60。这些存储器包括允许存储和检索信息的电路。ROM容纳不能修改的存储数据。RAM中存储的数据可由CPU50或其它硬件部件改变。非易失存储器是当对它去掉电源时不会丢失数据的存储器。非易失性存储器包括ROM、EPROM、快闪存储器或电池组CMOS RAM。如图2中所示,这种电池组CMOSRAM可用于存储配置信息。
扩充卡或板是一种包括着芯片或其它电子器件的电路板,以对计算机增添功能或资源。典型地,扩充卡增添存储器、盘驱动控制器66、视频支持、并行和串行端口以及内部调制解调器。对于膝上机、掌上机以及其它便携式计算机,扩充卡通常采取PC卡的形式,PC卡是信用卡大小的器件,设计成插入到计算机的侧面或背面的槽中。这种槽的一个例子是PCMCIA槽(个人计算机存储器卡互连协会),其定义类型1、2、3卡槽。从而,空槽68可用于容纳各种类型的扩充卡或PCMCIA卡。
盘控制器66和软盘控制器70都包括专用集成电路及相关电路,分别引导及控制对硬盘机72或软盘74的读出和写入。这些盘控制器处理诸如定位读/写头、在驱动器和CPU50之间调停、控制对和从存储器的信息传送等任务。单个盘控制器可以控制多于一个的盘驱动器。
数据处理系统20中可包括用于从CD-ROM78(只读紧致盘存储器)读出数据的CD-ROM控制器76。这种CD-ROM利用激光代替磁装置读数据。
数据处理系统20中设置键盘鼠标控制器80,用于和键盘82及指点器84接口。这样的指点器典型地用于控制例如光标的屏幕元素,后者可采取具有热点的箭头的形式,当用户按鼠标器按钮时热点确定指针的位置。其它指点器包括图形输入板、指示笔、光笔、操纵杆、操纵盘、跟踪球、跟踪板以及以IBM的“TrackPoint”商标出售的指点器。
通过都和系统总线5连接的串行控制器88以及网络适配器可以便利处理系统20和其它数据处理系统之前的通信。串行控制器88用于在计算机之间或者计算机和外围部件之间发送信息,在单根线上一次一位。串行通信可以是同步的(由某个标准例如时钟控制)或者是异步的(通过交换控制信息流的控制信号管理)。串行通信标准的例子是RS-232接口和RS-422接口。如所示,这样的串行接口可用于和调制解调器92通信。调制解调器把数字计算机信号转换成适合于在电话线上通信的互锁信号。调制解调器92可应用于把数据处理系统20连接到联机信息服务上,例如由IBM公司和Sear公司的服务商标“PRODIGY”提供的信息服务。这种联机服务提供商可以提供能够经过调制解调器92下载到数据处理系统20的软件。调制解调器92可提供对其它软件源的连接,诸如服务器、电子公告牌、互联网或万维网。
网络适配器90可用于把数据处理系统20连接到局域网94。网络94可以向计算机用户提供电子通信及电子传送软件和信息的手段。此外,网络94可提供分布式处理,其中涉及若干计算机以共享工作负载或者在执行任务中相互合作。
由显示器控制器98控制的显示器用于显示数据处理系统20生成的可视输出。这样的可视输出可包括文本、图形、动画以及视频。显示器96可以用基于CRT的视频显示器、基于LCD的平板显示器或基于气体等离子体的平板显示器实现。显示器控制器98包括生成发送到显示器96的视频信号所需的电子器件。
可经过并行控制器102把打印机100连接到数据处理系统20。打印机100用于把文本或计算机生成的图象记在纸上或者诸如透明软片的其它介质上。其它类型的打印机可包括图象设定器、绘图仪或胶片记录器。
并行控制器102用于在系统总线5和另一个并行通信部件(例如打印机100)之间连接的线上同时发送多个数据位和控制位。
CPU50读取、译码并执行指令,并且通过计算机的主数据传送路径、系统总线5对和从其它资源传送信息。这种总线连接数据处理系统20中的器件并定义数据交换媒体。系统总线5把存储器56、58、60、CPU50及图2中所示的其它部件连接到一起并且允许在它们之间交换数据。
如图2中所示,系统总线5和用于与PCI总线204通信的PCI主桥路202连接。如前面所述,PCI总线204用于要求快速通信响应时间的部件206-206N。
请注意,并且业内的一般技术人员容易理解,虽然把许多部件连接到系统总线5,这些部件中的任一个可替代地连接到PCI总线204(或PCI总线组)或者标准扩充总线(例如ISA或EISA)上。例如,系统总线5或主PCI总线204可以附带一个附加的桥路电路,以便为连接这些部件建立一条标准扩充总线。
主桥路202便利PCI总线204和系统总线5之间的通信。部件206-206N和PCI总线204连接。控制及电源逻辑电路208和主桥路202以及PCI总线204连接,并且在PCI总线204上提供控制以在仍向系统20提供电源的同时交换该总线连接的部件(以下称为“热插入”)。更具体地,在线切换模块(未示出)和控制及电源逻辑电路208的组合提供这样的手段,即允许在不对整个数据处理系统20“断电”下交换或拆下和PCI总线204连接的某部件。
现参照图3,图中电路详细示出依据本发明的原理的用于热插入的图2PCI总线204的配置。请注意,为了便利说明,已经简化了本发明的某些表现方式,如图3中所示。例如,虽然实际上它们各为独立的信号线,请求和授权线用单根信号线代表。如图3中所示,线内切换模块(in-lineswitch module)302-302N和PCI总线204连接。线内切换模块302是切换模块302A-320N的代表,从而对其解释等同地适用于切换模块302A-302N。线内切换模块302包括一组用标志326表示的开头,其用于切换适当的PCI总线204信号线,为闭合时其建立一条物理上分离的顺依PCI的总线扩展(辅助PCI总线),并用标志“a”表示。
取决于所需的配置,这些PCI总线扩展可以和一个槽或一个焊接器件连接。在该特定实施方式中,单个槽和各PCI总线扩展连接,如分别由用于PCI总线扩展“a”和“d”的槽304及306所示。每个槽和各个时钟信号、电源、切换使能信号、复位信号、预置引脚(PRSN T1、PRSNT2)和门切换信号连接,如用时钟信号Clock A 310、电源312、切换使能316、复位信号314、PRSNT1 330、PRSNT2 332以及门切换334所示。
随着线内切换模块302-302N接通和断开,PCI总线204与通过控制及电源逻辑电路208和主桥路202的仲载器a造成的负载结果隔开。换言之,当由控制及电源逻辑电路208以及相应的SW(切换)使能316线所决定,一组开关(例如开关326和328)断开时,对应的PCI总线扩展和PCI总线204实际上隔开。
这种隔开是断开状态下的开关高阻抗的直接结果。相反,当由控制及电源逻辑电路208和相应的SW使能316-316N线所决定这些开关“接通”时,对应的PCI总线扩展看起来好象是PCI总线的一个整体部分。在本发明的优选实施例中,切换模块302-302N具有可在少于1纳秒的时间内在断开接通状态间触发的开关。
通常,仲裁器202A和控制及电源逻辑电路208一起提供隔开一个槽的手段,以便把某部件热插入到槽0 304或槽3 306之一中。简言之,仲裁器202A提供PCI总线204上的控制仲裁。
控制及电源逻辑电路208通过REQ/GNT线342和仲裁器202A连接,并且通过HPREQX-Z线324和控制及电源逻辑电路350连接。控制及电源逻辑电路208利用REG/GNT线342接收PCI总线204的瞬时控制(即,几个PCI时钟周期),以通过相应的SW使能线316-316N使能或禁止线内切换模块302-302N。控制及电源逻辑电路接口350利用HPREQ X-Z通知控制及电源逻辑电路使能或者禁止哪一个线内切换模块302-302N。
通常,控制及电源逻辑电路208会同主桥路202控制,1)接入各个辅助PCI总线(总线扩展);2)对所连接的各个槽加电(例如槽0 304和槽3 306);以及3)选通(激活/去活)线内切接模块302-302N。
现参照图4A-B,该流程图示出依据本发明的原理用于热插入操作的由图3的控制及电源逻辑电路和主桥路所采用的方法的组成步骤。
在说明图4中引用图3中的许多器件,因此,这些器件的标志代表着图3中所说明的标志。该方法从步骤400开始,此刻数据处理系统20的操作员打开带有要去掉的适配卡的槽(例如槽0 304或槽3 306)的门。出于说明的目的,下面假定槽0 304用于该目的。
接着方法进入步骤402,此刻操作员通过启动O.S.系统管理操作或者其它装置(例如热插入服务软件)启动热插入序列。
然后方法进入步骤404,此刻操作系统静止并复位适当的适配器。本文中所使用的术语“静止”意味着适度完成现行活动同时不接受新活动。接着方法进入步骤406,其中操作系统和/或控制及电源逻辑电路接口350通过HPREQ X-Z324通知控制及电源逻辑电路208需要使槽0304离线并断电。在本发明的优选实施例中,HPREQ X-Z324信号编码成热插入0,1,2,3,…n。然而,请注意并且业内的一般技术人员容易理解,也可以为每个槽304和306采用替代的唯一信号。在断电或加电期间,控制及电源逻辑电路208通过RESET线314保持对该适配器的复位。
接着方法进入判定槽0 304是否是现用的步骤408。若在步骤408判定槽0 304是现用的,方法进入步骤410。然而,若在步骤408判定槽0 304不是现用的,方法进入步骤416。
在步骤410,控制及电源逻辑电路208通过REQ/GNT线342请求对PCI总线204的瞬时控制。接着方法进入步骤412,此时仲裁器202A经REQ/GNT线342向控制及电源逻辑电路208发出控制许可。方法接着进入步骤414,其中控制及电源逻辑电路通过切换使能线316的使能信号为槽0 304去活开关326。从而,从PCI总线204除掉槽0 304.还通过仲裁器202A释放REQ/GNT线342,从而去掉控制及电源逻辑电路208对总线的控制。但是,请注意,控制及电源逻辑电路208控制总线的总时间仅为几个PCI总线204时钟周期量级。
方法接着进入步骤416,其中控制及电源逻辑电路208以避免对电子线路冲击并造成损害的方式对槽0304(即适配器)进行斜坡式断电。该步骤是按欧洲待决专利中请号0772134标题为“用于热插入的适配器卡槽的隔离”所提出的类似方式实施的。
然后,方法进入步骤418,在其中控制及电源逻辑电路208通知操作系统已去掉电源。操作系统通过LED或其它装置通知现在从槽0304拆除适配器是安全的。在本发明的优选实施方式中,为该目的采用一个操作员可视的LED(发光二极管)。具体地,下述LED显示代表适配器的下述状态:(1)接通=适配器(槽)正在接收电源(2)断开=适配器目前不接收电源;以及(3)闪烁=授予从槽中去掉适配器的许可。
此刻,用于槽0的LED应在闪烁,并且从而,操作员可随意去掉槽中驻留的适配器。
方法接着进入物理上从槽0 304拆除适配器卡的步骤420。然后,方法进入步骤422。此刻,请注意,当槽中不存在适配器并且操作员希望在其中插入一个时,可从该步骤继续向前行进。
在步骤422,操作员把替代的适配器卡(或驱动器)插入到槽0304中。然后,方法进入步骤424,在其中,响应适配器卡的插入,控制及电源逻辑电路208通过卡预置引脚PRSNT1 330和PRSNT2 332,并且可选用地通过连带利用槽门开关334检测该卡的存在,该槽门开关334指示适配器卡就位锁定。
现参照图4B。方法接着进入步骤426,其中操作员为槽0304启动加电请求。然后方法进入步骤428,其中操作系统启动对控制及电源逻辑电路208的加电请求。接着方法进入步骤430,其中控制及电源逻辑电路208向槽0 304进行斜坡式加电。然后,方法进入步骤432,其中控制及电源逻辑电路208启动指令序列以得到对PCI总线204的控制。接着方法进入步骤434,其中控制及电源逻辑电路208通过REQ/GNT线342请求对PCI总线204的瞬时控制。
方法进入步骤436,其中仲裁器通过REQ/GNT线342向控制及电源逻辑电路208授予控制许可。然后,方法进入步骤438,其中控制及电源逻辑电路208通过切换使能线316上的使能信号激活用于槽0 304的开关326。这样,把槽0 304重新连接到PCI总线204。
然后,方法进入步骤440,其中控制及电源逻辑电源208通过中断或者其它装置通知主桥路202已完成热插入。接着方法进入步骤442,其中由操作系统使能并配置该适配器卡,然后方法在步骤442结束。
业内技术人员容易理解,操作系统或热插入服务软件可以直接和控制及电源逻辑电路208交互,以支持PCI总线204上的部件的热插入。备择地,热插入服务软件可和主桥路202交互,后者转而和控制及电源逻辑电路208交互以支持PCI总线204上的热插入部件。通过把热插入控制逻辑电路的一部分加入到主桥路202中并使热插入服务软件和主桥路202交互以支持PCI部件的热插入,可以得到成本较低的实施。
Claims (18)
1.一种在不断开电源的情况下去除数据处理系统的部件的设备,该设备包括:
一条主总线(5)
多条辅助总线(a,d),每条辅助总线具有一个可容纳一个电子部件的槽(304,306);
选择装置(302,302n),用于选择性地建立从主总线到一条辅助总线的连接并且用于去掉该连接,该选择装置包括多个开关(326,328),每个开关用于建立从主总线到一条辅助总线的物理连接并且用于去掉该连接;
去除装置(312,314,330,332,334),用于允许在不断开对数据处理系统的供电下除去各个部件,该去除装置包括用于检测何时某部件驻留在槽中之一中的装置(402);
其特征在于:
该选择装置还包括一个具有一个仲裁器的主桥路,用于接收控制主总线的请求并且用于选择一个请求作为该控制的主体;以及
去除装置还包括用于检测何时操作员需要去除一个部件的装置(332,334)。
2.权利要求1所述的设备,其中选择装置(302,302n)包括:
控制逻辑装置(208,316),用于使能和禁止各个开关(326,328),从而建立或者去掉物理连接;以及
电源逻辑装置(208,312),用于禁止对要去除的选定部件的供电。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中每个开关(326,328)包括用于接收指示建立或去除连接的信号(316)的装置。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备,其中主桥路(202)包括用于通知控制逻辑要去掉哪一个部件的装置(324)。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备,其中主桥路(202)包括用于通知控制逻辑隔离要去掉的部件的装置(324)。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备,其中控制逻辑装置(208)包括和仲裁器(202a)连接的装置(342),用于在隔离并对槽(304,306)断电之前授予对主总线(5)的控制。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其中控制逻辑装置(208)包括发送装置,用于在对主总线(5)进行控制期间向和需要与主总线连接的辅助总线(a,d)对应的开关发送使能信号(306)。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备,其中发送装置包括用于在对主总线(5)进行控制期间向和需要从主总线去掉的辅助总线对应的开关发送禁止信号的装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备,其中主总线和辅助总线(a,d)是外围部件互连总线。
10.一种数据处理设备包括:
一个如权利要求1所述的设备;
和主总线连接的存储器(56,58),用于存储指令;
和主总线连接的输入装置(82,84),用于接收来自用户的输入;
一个中央处理单元(50),用于执行存储的指令;以及
一个显示器(96),用于显示执行指令的结果和显示接收的输入。
11.权利要求10所述的设备,其中选择装置(302,302n)包括:
控制逻辑装置(208,316),用于使能和禁止各个开关(326,328),从而建立或者去掉物理连接;以及
电源逻辑装置(208,312),用于禁止对要去除的选定部件的供电。
12.如权利要求11所述的设备,其中每个开关(326,328)包括用于接收指示建立或去除连接的信号(316)的装置。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备,其中主桥路(202)包括用于通知控制逻辑要去掉哪一个部件的装置(324)。
14.如权利要求13所述的设备,其中主桥路(202)包括用于通知控制逻辑隔离要去掉的部件的装置(324)。
15.如权利要求14所述的设备,其中控制逻辑装置(208)包括和仲裁器(202a)连接的装置(342),用于在隔离并对槽(304,306)断电之前授予对主总线(5)的控制。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备,其中控制逻辑装置(208)包括发送装置,用于在对主总线(5)进行控制期间向和需要与主总线连接的辅助总线(a,d)对应的开关发送使能信号(306)。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备,其中发送装置包括用于在对主总线(5)进行控制期间向和需要从主总线去掉的辅助总线对应的开关发送禁止信号的装置。
18.如权利要求17所述的设备,其中主总线和辅助总线(a,d)是外围部件互连总线。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/741,466 US5784576A (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Method and apparatus for adding and removing components of a data processing system without powering down |
US08/741,466 | 1996-10-31 |
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CN1235683A CN1235683A (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
CN1120428C true CN1120428C (zh) | 2003-09-03 |
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CN97199268A Expired - Lifetime CN1120428C (zh) | 1996-10-31 | 1997-09-30 | 在不断电情况下去除数据处理系统的部件的设备 |
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US (1) | US5784576A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100304851B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1120428C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19782087B4 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2334120B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL185922B1 (zh) |
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-
1996
- 1996-10-31 US US08/741,466 patent/US5784576A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-09-30 PL PL97333006A patent/PL185922B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-30 DE DE19782087A patent/DE19782087B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-30 DE DE19782087T patent/DE19782087T1/de active Pending
- 1997-09-30 WO PCT/GB1997/002687 patent/WO1998019246A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-30 GB GB9909356A patent/GB2334120B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-30 CN CN97199268A patent/CN1120428C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-21 TW TW086115524A patent/TW388018B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
- 1999-04-20 KR KR1019997003462A patent/KR100304851B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN1235683A (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
KR100304851B1 (ko) | 2001-09-29 |
PL185922B1 (pl) | 2003-08-29 |
GB2334120B (en) | 2001-05-02 |
GB2334120A (en) | 1999-08-11 |
DE19782087T1 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
DE19782087B4 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
TW388018B (en) | 2000-04-21 |
PL333006A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
GB9909356D0 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
KR20000052679A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
US5784576A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
WO1998019246A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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