CN1121423C - 极性改性聚丙烯蜡 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及经极性改性的部份结晶聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且软化点(环/球)为90至165℃,其制备是使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡与α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应或丙烯与更高级1-烯烃的共聚合反应,且软化点(环/球)为90至165℃。此蜡可作为塑料添加剂使用,供水性分散液或供熔融粘合剂配方。
Description
本发明是涉及经极性改性的聚丙烯蜡,其是以非极性的聚丙烯蜡前体为基,其中后者是在聚合反应过程中使用齐格勒或金属茂型的催化剂制备。
经极性改性的聚烯烃蜡有许多用途,例如供制备用于保护或清洁剂及工业领域的水性分散液,在塑料加工中作为添加剂或在热熔化组合物中作为配方成份。改性聚乙烯蜡通常使用空气氧化进行。在以更高级烯烃例如丙烯为基的聚合物蜡的情形下,不能使用此方法,因为此种蜡经空气氧化后将导致软化、褪色的产品,无法在大多数的应用中使用。在此种蜡的情形下,上述应用所需的极性改性可通过与含烯属双键的极性化合物的自由基反应而达到。
美国专利3,481,910揭示极性蜡状的聚烯烃,其是由聚烯烃与不饱和的聚羧酸或其衍生物在搅拌装置中反应得到。改性所使用的聚烯烃蜡是通过高分子量聚烯烃塑料的热分解反应制备。在改性中的反应温度为200至400℃,在实例中不低于325℃。它的第一个缺点是在制备由聚合及随后分解的两阶段法中获得的蜡原料需要高的费用,另一个缺点是实际的改性反应需要高的温度并因而带来热伤害反应产物的危险。
美国专利3,480,580及美国专利5,290,954揭示从热分解聚烯烃塑料极性改性聚烯烃蜡的其他方法。与极性成份的反应发生在自由基形成剂的存在下且温度在150至300℃或低于190℃,改性反应伴随着熔体粘度增加,此表示同时发生交联反应。从美国专利5,290,954的实例可看出,产物的熔体粘度及其均匀性的再现性都不理想。失控的反应混合物的粘度增加或交联也使搅拌器有阻塞的风险。
美国专利4,041,056揭示通过使石蜡及聚乙烯蜡与顺丁烯二酸酐反应及相关的化合物制备的产物。虽然在文中叙述了可以相对应地改性来源没有进一步说明的聚丙烯蜡,但是文中没有更详细地说明且其并非本专利申请案的实际主题。
因此本发明的目的是提供一种极性的聚丙烯蜡,其可简单、经济且再现性地制备,同时可避免上述的缺点。
已经发现在经济的方法下,藉由齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂的直接聚合反应而制备的聚丙烯蜡,可在添加的过氧化物存在下且在相当低的温度下与适当的单体反应,具有良好的再现性及均匀性,没有粘度增加的危害及热伤害极性蜡的风险。
据此本发明提供部份结晶的聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其经极性改性且酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且软化点(环/球)为90至165℃,其制备是通过使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡与α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应或丙烯与乙烯或更高级1-烯烃的共聚合反应,且软化点(环/球)为90至165℃。
使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂合成未经改性也就是非极性的起始蜡,可得知自许多文献。例如DE-A-2329641揭示在直接聚合反应中使用齐格勒催化剂,将α-烯烃聚合而得到均聚物或共聚物蜡的方法。DE-A-3148229及EP-A-480190揭示同样使用含钛的催化剂通过聚合反应制备高结晶性的聚丙烯蜡。此外,使用金属茂催化剂也可得到丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡(例如EP-A-321 852、EP-A-384 264、EP-A-416 566)。
合适的起始物质为低分子量丙烯均聚物,其是使用齐格勒或金属茂催化剂制备且在170℃测量的熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s,此蜡的软化点(环/球)通常为90至165℃,较宜为90至145℃。合适的蜡同时包括高结晶性的有高比例等规或间规结构的产物,及低结晶性且主要是无规结构的产物。在已知方法下,通过适当选择聚合反应使用的催化剂以及通过聚合反应条件,可在大的范围内改变丙烯均聚物的结晶程度。这特别适用于使用金属茂催化剂体系。
其他合适的起始物质为丙烯共聚物蜡,其是使用齐格勒或金属茂催化剂制备且含丙烯及不同量的其他烯烃,例如乙烯或链长范围在C4-C30的更高级α-烯烃,其中共聚单体单元可主要无规地分布或主要是嵌段地-在等规、间规或部份无规聚丙烯序列之间-分布,此蜡的软化点(环/球)通常为约90至165℃,较宜为90至145℃。
合适的极性成份为α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物,可列举的实例为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸或其酯类或酰胺类、顺丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、顺丁烯二酸的单酯类例如顺丁烯二酸单烷酯、顺丁烯二酸的二酯类例如顺丁烯二酸二烷酯、或顺丁烯二酸的酰胺类例如顺丁烯二酰亚胺或N-烷基取代的顺丁烯二酰亚胺。也可使用这些化合物的混合物,较佳的是顺丁烯二酸及其衍生物,特别适宜为顺丁烯二酸酐。此极性成份的用量以聚丙烯蜡为基准为0.1-20重量%。
合适的自由基形成剂为在反应条件下,可分解成足够程度的自由基的化合物,特别适宜的自由基形成剂为有机过氧化物,例如烷基、芳基或芳烷基过氧化物例如二叔丁基过氧化物或二枯基过氧化物、过氧酯类例如过醋酸叔丁酯或过苯甲酸叔丁酯,或氢过氧化物类例如丁基过氧化氢或枯烯过氧化氢。其他合适的自由基形成剂为脂族偶氮化合物例如偶氮双(2-甲基丙腈)或2,2’-偶氮双-(2,4-二甲基戊腈),较宜为二烷基过氧化物,特别适宜为二叔丁基过氧化物。自由基形成剂的使用浓度以使用的聚丙烯蜡为基准为0.1-5重量%。
聚丙烯蜡与极性成份的反应可在连续或不连续下进行,在不连续步骤中,将蜡加热至高于其软化点,在搅拌下将极性成份及过氧化物同时添加至熔化物中,在适当的期间下连续加入或分成一或多份,必要时在惰性气体下进行。反应温度高于蜡的软化点,较宜为100至200℃,特别适宜为130至180℃。完成计量加入后,必要时加入额外量的过氧化物后可使混合物在相同温度或不同温度下进一步反应。在反应过程中形成的挥发性成份或过量的挥发性起始物质可例如在减压下蒸馏去除和/或用惰性气体汽提去除。
本发明极性蜡的酸值或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20-50,000mPa.s,且软化点(环/球)为90-165℃,优选为90-145℃。其为浅色且均匀的,其熔体粘度低于使用的蜡原料,顶多大约相等,且其中没有高分子量或交联的物质。
此种经极性改性的聚丙烯蜡有许多用途,其可在熔融粘合剂配方中使用、在供塑料染色的颜料母体制剂中作为无机或有机色料的分散剂、在光调色剂混合物中作为脱模剂或在塑料加工中作为添加剂。如果极性足够高,此蜡可在惯用辅剂存在下加工而得到微细分的稳定水性分散液。此分散液适于在例如地板、汽车、家具及鞋子保护产品中作为配方成份,并可在工业乳化液中使用,例如供纺织品加工。
实例:
下列叙述的蜡产物的熔体粘度是用旋转粘度计测量。酸或皂值是根据“DGF Standard Methods-Section M-Waxes”的方法M-IV 2(75)测量,软化点(环/球)是根据相同部分后面的方法M-III 13(75)测量,用DSC法测量熔化热。实例1-11:用顺丁烯二酸酐改性
在配备有搅拌器、内部温度计及蒸馏桥的玻璃装置中,将500克根据DE-A-2329641制备且在170℃测量的熔体粘度为1950mpa.s,软化点为159℃且熔化热为83焦耳/克的聚丙烯蜡在氮气氛下熔化。在165℃的温度下,从滴液漏斗中经3小时连续加入35.0克加热至约60℃的液态顺丁烯二酸酐,同时从第二个滴液漏斗连续加入10.0克二叔丁基过氧化物。完成计量加入后,再度将1.1克二叔丁基过氧化物添加至反应混合物中,将反应温度增加至170℃并使混合物再反应2小时。然后施加约30毫巴的低压,并将挥发性成份蒸馏去除。约30分钟后,通过加入氮气使压力恢复至大气压力,使氮气通过蜡熔化物15分钟,将残留的挥发性成份去除,然后将熔化物倒出。得到具有表1实例1所列出的性质的浅黄色蜡。
实例2及3为实例1的重复,以检查其再现性。比较实例1:
用顺丁烯二酸酐改性从聚丙烯塑料通过热分解法制备的蜡。
通过在350℃热分解,得自MFI230/2.16为22克/10分钟且微晶熔点为165℃的均聚聚丙烯塑料的蜡,其熔体粘度为1850mPa.s/170℃且软化点(环/球)为162℃,如实例1所述与顺丁烯二酸酐反应。反应混合物的粘度持续增加,开始计量加入顺丁烯二酸酐及二叔丁基过氧化物约4小时后,混合物完全交联化所以必须停止反应。比较实例2及3:
用顺丁烯二酸酐改性EpoleneN-15(聚丙烯分解的蜡,得自Eastman Chem.Corp.在190℃的熔体粘度约600mPa.s且软化点为163℃):
通过类似于实例1的方法,进行与顺丁烯二酸酐的反应。所得改性的蜡的酸值为40毫克KOH/克且熔体粘度为4030mPa.s/170℃。使用相同的原料并在相同的条件下进行第二次实验,所得改性的蜡的酸值为41毫克KOH/克且熔体粘度为8680mPa.s/170℃。比较实例4:
用顺丁烯二酸酐改性聚丙烯分解的蜡。
在氮气氛下,通过450℃的热处理,从MFI230/2.16为7克/10分钟且微晶熔点为144℃的共聚PP塑料制备在170℃的粘度为350mPa.s且软化点为152℃的分解蜡。相同于实例1的方法,使分解蜡与顺丁烯二酸酐反应,反应必须在2小时后停止,因为烧杯内的物质交联化且不能再搅拌。实例12:
使用丙烯酸改性。
在氮气氛下,在配备搅拌器、内部温度计及蒸馏桥的玻璃装置中,将500克实例1-5使用的齐格勒均聚物蜡熔化。在160℃的温度下,持续从滴液漏斗加入50.0克丙烯酸及10.0克二叔丁基过氧化物的混合物历时4小时。完成计量加入后,使混合物再反应1小时,随后施加真空并将挥发性成份蒸馏去除。经约30分钟后,通过加入氮气使压力回复至大气压力,得到酸值为52毫克KOH/克、熔体粘度为580mPa.s且软化点为146℃的浅黄色蜡。表1:实例1-11
实例 | 所用PP蜡 | 顺丁烯二酸酐用量(基于所用PP蜡) | 产品 | ||||||
类型 | 制备方法 | 粘度170℃ | 软化点(R/K) | 熔化热 | 粘度/170℃ | 软化点(R/K) | 酸值 | ||
1 | 均聚物 | DE 2329641(齐格勒催化剂) | 1950 | 159 | 83 | 7 | 980 | 151 | 38 |
2 | 均聚物 | DE 2329641(齐格勒催化剂) | 1950 | 159 | 83 | 7 | 1050 | 149 | 39 |
3 | 均聚物 | DE 2329641(齐格勒催化剂) | 1950 | 159 | 83 | 7 | 910 | 150 | 40 |
4 | 均聚物 | DE 2329641(齐格勒催化剂) | 1950 | 159 | 83 | 1 | 930 | 150 | 38 |
5 | 均聚物 | DE 2329641(齐格勒催化剂) | 1950 | 159 | 83 | 10 | 1000 | 152 | 59 |
6 | 均聚物 | DE-OS 3148229(齐格勒催化剂) | 720 | 161 | 86 | 7 | 380 | 149 | 40 |
7 | 均聚物 | EP 571882(金属茂) | 2390 | 153 | 93 | 7 | 630 | 147 | 39 |
8 | 均聚物 | EP 571882(金属茂) | 1500 | 131 | 61 | 7 | 1370 | 126 | 40 |
9 | 丙烯/乙烯共聚物 | EP 571882(金属茂) | 2110 | 143 | 93 | 7 | 980 | 136 | 38 |
10 | 丙烯/乙烯共聚物 | EP 571882(金属茂) | 2000 | 112 | 48 | 7 | 1360 | 108 | 41 |
11 | 丙烯/乙烯共聚物 | EP 571882(金属茂) | 1050 | 100 | 38 | 7 | 890 | 95 | 41 |
mPa.s | ℃ | J/g | %(重量) | mPa.s | ℃ | mgKOH/g |
Claims (5)
1.一种经极性改性的部份结晶聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且环/球软化点为90至165℃,其制备是通过使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡与基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-20重量%的α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-5重量%的自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应或丙烯与乙烯或更高级1-烯烃的共聚合反应,且环/球软化点为90至165℃。
2.根据权利要求1的经极性改性的部份结晶聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且环/球软化点为90至165℃,其制备是通过使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物蜡与基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-20重量%的α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-5重量%的自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应,且环/球软化点为90至165℃。
3.根据权利要求1的经极性改性的部份结晶聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且环/球软化点为90至145℃,其制备是通过使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡与基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-20重量%的α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-5重量%的自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应或丙烯与乙烯或更高级1-烯烃的共聚合反应,且环/球软化点为90至145℃。
4.根据权利要求1的经极性改性的部份结晶聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物蜡,其酸或皂值为0.5至120毫克KOH/克,熔体粘度为20至50,000mPa.s/170℃,且环/球软化点为90至145℃,其制备是通过使非极性的聚丙烯均聚物蜡与基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-20重量%的α,β-不饱和的羧酸或其衍生物在基于聚丙烯蜡计为0.1-5重量%的自由基形成剂存在下反应,其中非极性聚丙烯蜡的制备是使用齐格勒或金属茂型催化剂通过丙烯的直接聚合反应,且环/球软化点为90至145℃。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一的蜡的用途,用于水性分散液、熔融粘合剂配方或作为塑料添加剂。
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DE19648895A DE19648895A1 (de) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Polar modifizierte Polypropylen-Wachse |
DE19648895.8 | 1996-11-26 |
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US (1) | US5998547A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0941257B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4526603B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1121423C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE192459T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5552798A (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19648895A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2147677T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW374783B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998023652A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9710582B (zh) |
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1997
- 1997-11-18 ES ES97951908T patent/ES2147677T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 EP EP97951908A patent/EP0941257B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 AT AT97951908T patent/ATE192459T1/de active
- 1997-11-18 AU AU55527/98A patent/AU5552798A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-18 CN CN97180045A patent/CN1121423C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 DE DE59701608T patent/DE59701608D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 JP JP52422998A patent/JP4526603B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-18 WO PCT/EP1997/006415 patent/WO1998023652A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-24 TW TW086117594A patent/TW374783B/zh active
- 1997-11-24 US US08/977,088 patent/US5998547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-25 ZA ZA9710582A patent/ZA9710582B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4159278A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1979-06-26 | The Upjohn Company | Dioxamic acids and salts |
WO1989001951A2 (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1989-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Highly amorphous olefin terpolymer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5552798A (en) | 1998-06-22 |
CN1238786A (zh) | 1999-12-15 |
ATE192459T1 (de) | 2000-05-15 |
JP4526603B2 (ja) | 2010-08-18 |
US5998547A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
WO1998023652A1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
EP0941257B1 (de) | 2000-05-03 |
DE59701608D1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
ES2147677T3 (es) | 2000-09-16 |
TW374783B (en) | 1999-11-21 |
ZA9710582B (en) | 1998-05-26 |
JP2001504542A (ja) | 2001-04-03 |
DE19648895A1 (de) | 1998-05-28 |
EP0941257A1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
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