CN1135738C - 拥有物理可分离模式的双模式卫星/蜂窝电话体系结构 - Google Patents

拥有物理可分离模式的双模式卫星/蜂窝电话体系结构 Download PDF

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CN1135738C
CN1135738C CNB988081393A CN98808139A CN1135738C CN 1135738 C CN1135738 C CN 1135738C CN B988081393 A CNB988081393 A CN B988081393A CN 98808139 A CN98808139 A CN 98808139A CN 1135738 C CN1135738 C CN 1135738C
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satellite
cellular
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low power
closely
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CN1267412A (zh
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P・D・卡拉比尼斯
P·D·卡拉比尼斯
C・赖德贝克
N·R·C·赖德贝克
靼
M·科恩拜
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Ericsson Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18563—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18569—Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction operations control, administration, maintenance
    • H04B7/18571—Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction operations control, administration, maintenance for satellites; for fixed or mobile stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

在一个双模式卫星/蜂窝电话系统里，用户可以选择蜂窝网/PCS电话或完整的独立卫星电话打卫星网络电话或接听卫星网络电话。如果用户用蜂窝网/PCS电话打电话或接电话，蜂窝网/PCS电话的通信信号将首先在它和卫星电话之间通过一条近距离低功率通信链路传输。卫星电话则在蜂窝网/PCS电话的近距离内直接跟卫星网络通信，它的位置最好还在组成卫星网络的一个或多个卫星的视距内。

Description

拥有物理可分离模式的双模式卫星/蜂窝电话体系结构
发明背景
本发明涉及无线通信系统。更具体地说，本发明涉及能够通过本地蜂窝网/PCS(个人通信系统)的空中接口，或者通过卫星空中接口进行通信的无线通信系统。
双模式卫星/蜂窝式电话在本领域里众所周知，它们既能工作在蜂窝网/PCS模式，又能工作于卫星模式。但跟普通蜂窝电话比起来，这种电话体积相对较大，重量相对较重。这个问题现在越来越突出，因为蜂窝技术使得蜂窝电话手机的大小和重量已经接近一张信用卡。
跟标准蜂窝电话相比，卫星电话和双模式蜂窝/卫星电话相对较大较重的原因是，通过卫星空中接口进行通信所需要的元件一般都比通过蜂窝网/PCS空中接口进行通信所需要的元件大得多。例如，卫星电话的定向天线很大，这样它的定向增益才能克服卫星信号传输所固有的高损耗。此外，卫星电话和/或双模式蜂窝/卫星电话里安装了较大功率的放大器和电池，这些也是克服相对高损耗所必需的。这些元件增加了卫星电话和/或双模式电话的体积和重量，使得它们又笨又重难以携带。
已经做出了很多努力来减少双模式卫星/蜂窝电话的体积和重量。其中的一些努力集中于制作完全集成化的基带芯片组，将陆地(即陆地蜂窝式)和卫星模式的功能集成在一起。但这种结构仍然较笨重，因为在基带部分以外，上面提到的通过卫星空中接口进行通信的元件仍然是必不可少的。
在标题为“蜂窝手机的卫星通信适配器”的第08/756709号美国专利申请里，一部分或全部较重的功率卫星元件，例如定向天线、电池和功率放大器，都放在卫星信号中继装置里，而不是放在双模式卫星/蜂窝电话手机(即人机接口)里。因此，手机的重量和体积都有所下降。在卫星模式中，双模式卫星/蜂窝手机通过卫星信号中继装置跟卫星网络通信。更具体地说，要接收卫星网络的信号时，卫星信号中继装置将射频信号下变频成低功率的蜂窝信号，然后用本地蜂窝频率将该信号发送给相对轻巧一些的手机。同样，要从手机接收卫星通信信号时，卫星信号中继装置将信号上变频，然后发送给轨道卫星网络。
但有时不是先经过另一条蜂窝链路而是直接通过卫星进行通信更好。如上所述，除了传输卫星信号的损耗天生很大以外，在某种情况下，如果除了卫星链路损耗很大以外，本地蜂窝环境里的干扰电平和失真效应使通信信号进一步变坏，用户很可能很难获得质量很好的链路。在这种情况下，用户会希望选择直接接收卫星呼叫，以避免本地蜂窝网/PCS链路进一步降低信号质量。
另一个因素是卫星用户希望获得全球覆盖，或者接近全球覆盖。而卫星模式依赖于蜂窝网/PCS链路的双模式卫星/蜂窝系统，很可能会被限制在兼容蜂窝业务的区域以内。例如，在美国，跟欧洲GSM标准兼容的双模式卫星/蜂窝电话即不能用作卫星电话又不能用作蜂窝电话，因为在美国采用的是AMPS标准，本领域里的技术人员当然了解这一点。即使没有这种局限性，本地蜂窝网/PCS运营商(或者管理机构)仍然会反对将蜂窝网/PCS的频率用于将信息中继给卫星信号中继装置，因为在特定的情况下，这会对本地蜂窝网/PCS网络造成干扰。
显然，需要一种卫星/蜂窝电话系统，它允许用户用一个轻便的卫星/蜂窝手机打蜂窝电话或者卫星电话。或者，用户应当仍然能够通过一个独立(即设备是齐全的)单元打卫星电话，其中的通信信号既不会跟本地蜂窝业务不兼容，也不会出现本地蜂窝环境中的那种干扰和/或失真。此外，还需要更好地保证卫星用户有真正的全球或接近全球的通信能力。
发明简述
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种双模式卫星/蜂窝(PCS)电话系统，它让用户通过轻便的手机既能打普通蜂窝电话又能打卫星电话。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种双模式卫星/蜂窝(PCS)电话系统，需要时它能让用户利用独立、设备齐全的卫星电话单元打卫星电话。
本发明又一个目的是提供一种双模式卫星/蜂窝(PCS)电话系统，它能保证提供全球或接近全球的服务，而不管它的蜂窝模式是否跟本地蜂窝系统兼容。
一方面，本发明在前面介绍过的目的和其它目的是用包括一个蜂窝电话手机和辅助电话来达到的。这里的蜂窝电话手机和辅助电话都有一个近距离低功率收发信机。该系统还有一个近距离低功率通信链路，直接跟蜂窝电话手机和辅助电话相连。
另一方面，本发明在前面介绍过的目的和其它目的是用包括一个蜂窝电话手机和一个独立卫星电话的系统来达到的。这里的蜂窝电话手机和卫星电话都有一个近距离低功率收发信机。该系统还有一个近距离低功率通信链路，将蜂窝电话手机和独立卫星电话相连。
再一方面，本发明在前面介绍过的目的和其它目的是用包括一个蜂窝电话手机和一个独立卫星电话的一种装置来达到的。该装置还包括在蜂窝电话手机和独立卫星电话之间建立近距离低功率通信链路的装置。
附图简述
通过阅读以下详细说明并参考附图，将会对本发明的目的和优点有一个更清晰的了解。其中：
图1是双模式卫星/蜂窝电话系统的一个示意图；和
图2是本发明中卫星和蜂窝网/PCS电话的内部结构示意图。
发明详述
下面参考附图说明本发明的各种特征，其中相同的部件用相同的字符标识。
图1说明本发明的基本思想，其中一个完全能使用的蜂窝网/PCS电话105和一个完全能使用、完整的独立卫星电话110物理上都是互相独立的。蜂窝网/PCS电话105和独立卫星电话110都能够单独工作。例如，可以用蜂窝网/PCS电话通过本地蜂窝业务打蜂窝电话，如同蜂窝基站塔115所示的那样。同样，可以用卫星电话110通过卫星通信网打电话，图中用卫星120表示。
图1还说明在蜂窝网/PCS电话105和卫星电话110之间有一条近距离低功率的通信链路125。当卫星电话110接到电话(即当卫星电话振铃时)，蜂窝网/PCS电话105通过卫星电话110也会接到这一电话，卫星电话110的功能主要是将来自卫星120的呼叫通过短程低功率通信链路125重新发送给蜂窝网/PCS电话105。这样，用户就可以选择蜂窝网/PCS电话105接听卫星电话，也可以选择卫星电话110接听卫星电话，因为这一卫星电话110是设备齐全的独立单元。
为了保证最好的质量，最好将卫星电话110放在轨道卫星120的视距范围内某一位置上或它的附近。例如，如果本发明用在室内，卫星电话110就可以放在窗户边。另一方面，如果本发明用在室外，就可以将卫星电话110夹在或用某种方式附着在一个静止的或半静止的物体上，例如用户的腰带上，这样用户就不用拿着笨重的卫星电话110。
有卫星电话打进来时，如上所述，用户可以选择用蜂窝网/PCS电话105来接电话。当然，这里假定蜂窝网/PCS电话105在卫星电话110的有效范围内，近距离低功率通信链路125指的就是这个意思。用户会发现至少有两个理由需要用蜂窝网/PCS电话105来接听卫星电话。首先，蜂窝网/PCS电话105比卫星电话110更灵活，因为蜂窝网/PCS电话105相对较轻，体积较小。其次，蜂窝网/PCS电话105应当更适合于贴近人的头部，因为它一般不会大量发热。事实上，蜂窝网/PCS电话105辐射的功率只是毫瓦量级，而卫星电话110辐射的峰值射频功率却会达到几瓦的量级。尽管有这些原因，用户可能仍然想用卫星电话110，而不是用蜂窝网/PCS电话105，来接听卫星电话，本发明将允许用户这样做，因为，如上所述，卫星电话110是完整的独立单元。
要打卫星电话时，用户又一次可以选择使用蜂窝网/PCS电话105，也可以选择独立卫星电话110。在这种情况下，蜂窝网/PCS电话105通过短程低功率通信链路125将信号发送给卫星电话110。然后卫星电话110通过远距离高功率射频链路将信号重新发射给轨道卫星。
不管是用蜂窝电话105来打卫星电话，还是用它来接卫星电话，独立的卫星电话110都是用作一个无线电信号转发器，在轨道卫星120和蜂窝网/PCS电话105之间接收和重新发射信号，这里的卫星电话110跟蜂窝网/PCS电话105之间的通信是通过前面介绍过的近距离低功率通信链路125进行的。
图2更详细地说明本发明一个优选实施方案中蜂窝网/PCS电话105和完整独立的卫星电话110的内部结构。如图所示，除了其它东西以外，卫星电话110包括一个MMI(人机接口)205。MMI205使得用户可以不用蜂窝网/PCS电话105就直接跟卫星网络通信。卫星电话110还有一个相对较大的定向天线210；一个中频/射频模块215，它包括一个收发信机(没有画出)，用来跟轨道卫星120通信；进行信号处理的一个逻辑单元220；一个微处理器225；和一个SIM(用户识别模块)卡230，其中有唯一的电话识别码，供卫星电话110识别和接收合适的卫星信号并对其解码。特别是，卫星电话110有一个收发信机单元235。当使用蜂窝网/PCS电话105打卫星电话和接卫星电话时，这一收发信机单元235是用来通过近距离低功率通信链路125跟蜂窝网/PCS电话105通信的。
图2还说明蜂窝网/PCS电话105有一付天线240；一个中频/射频模块245，它包括一个收发信机(没有画出)，用来跟本地蜂窝系统通信；一个逻辑单元250，一个微处理器255；一个MMI260；和一个SIM卡265。相比之下，蜂窝网/PCS电话105的天线240没有卫星电话110的定向天线210那么大。同样，中频/射频模块245也不象中频/射频模块215那样大，因为中频/射频模块245没有卫星电话110用来克服大损耗那样的高功率放大器。同样跟卫星电话110不同，蜂窝网/PCS电话105中安装的SIM卡265有两个唯一的用户识别码。第一个识别码允许蜂窝网/PCS电话105识别和接收蜂窝网/PCS电话呼叫并对信号解码，而第二个识别码跟SIM卡230里的用户识别码一样，从而允许蜂窝网/PCS电话105通过卫星电话110也能识别和接收来自卫星网络的电话并对信号解码。另外，蜂窝网/PCS电话105有一个收发信机270。收发信机270允许蜂窝网/PCS电话105通过前面介绍过的近距离低功率通信链路125跟卫星电话110通信。
在另一个实施方案里，蜂窝网/PCS电话105可以包括SIM卡265，这个SIM卡只有一个唯一的用户识别码。这个用户识别码将允许蜂窝网/PCS电话105识别和接收打进来的电话并对其解码，而不管这一打进来的电话是通过蜂窝网/PCS网络还是卫星网络打进来的。
为了使这一单个用户识别码方案能够工作，用户应当事先选择将蜂窝网/PCS网设置成首选网，或者将卫星网作为首选网。当蜂窝网/PCS电话105第一次开机时，它就确定首选网是否可用。如果首选网可用，就在首选网里注册用户码。如果首选网不可用，它就确定辅助网是否可用。如果辅助网可用，就在辅助网里注册用户码。于是蜂窝网/PCS电话105就可以用一个用户码跟两个网络通信。
在另一个实施方案里，独立卫星电话110或蜂窝网/PCS手机105或者这两个，没有SIM卡。在这种情况下，可以将用户识别码存在相应单元的存储器里。
蜂窝网/PCS电话105和卫星电话110可以利用近距离低功率通信链路125互相通信。接卫星网呼叫时，最初由卫星电话110收到轨道卫星120发射的射频信号，将该信号下变频到基带，然后重新调制并通过通信链路125发送给蜂窝手机。同样，在往外打电话时，蜂窝网/PCS电话105通过通信链路125将通信信号发送给卫星电话110，卫星电话110则对信号编码并发射给轨道卫星120。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案里，通信链路125是一个射频(RF)链路，工作在大约是2.5GHz的ISM(工业、科学及医药设备)频带内，尽管还可以使用其它频率，这在本领域里众所周知。另外，将用大约1W的相对较低的功率电平发射微波信号。因此，这一微波链路不使用蜂窝网/PCS的频带，也不会出现与这些频带有关的任何干扰、失真或调节。此外，这一微波链路利用ISM频带使得本发明可以在全球使用，而不会受到当地政府的法规的限制，因为ISM频带是不受管理的。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案里，在蜂窝网/PCS电话105和卫星电话110之间的微波信号将采用跳频方式发射，以保证通信链路的高质量。但本领域里的技术人员明白，还可以采用其它的扩频方式，这在本领域里众所周知。有利的是，特定的卫星电话110和跟它对应的蜂窝网/PCS手机105之间的跳频序列最好是从它们使用的卫星SIM码导出的，这样就能为每一对卫星电话110和蜂窝网/PCS手机105提供唯一的跳频序列。这样就能减少临近用户之间的干扰。
虽然前面的讨论集中于双模式卫星/蜂窝电话体系，但是本发明的概念仍然可以扩展到其它的实施方案，其中的双模式蜂窝网/PCS手机105跟一个或更多的辅助蜂窝电话一起使用，这里每一个辅助蜂窝电话都有它自己的用户识别码。这种实施方案的优点是注册了几个蜂窝业务的用户不必携带多个蜂窝手机。同样，双模式蜂窝网/PCS手机105也可以跟任何其它的高功率通信装置一起使用，例如，跟汽车电话一起使用。当然，蜂窝网/PCS手机105仍然可以通过前面介绍过的近距离低功率链路跟一个或多个辅助蜂窝电话或高功率通信装置通信。
描述本发明时参考了一个优选实施方案。但对本领域里的技术人员来说显而易见，可以用其它的形式而不是这一优选实施方案来实现本发明，这样做不会偏离本发明的实质。这一优选实施方案是一个说明性的方案，根本不是什么限制性的方案。本发明的范围由以下权利要求规定，而不是前面的描述，属于权利要求的范围的所有变化和等价方案都属于本发明。

Claims (20)

1.一种通信系统，包括：
一个用第一个频带跟基站通信，并包括一个近距离低功率收发信机的蜂窝电话手机；
一个包括近距离低功率收发信机的辅助电话；和
将所述蜂窝电话手机和所述辅助电话直接连接起来的一条近距离低功率通信链路，其中的近距离低功率通信链路使用的是第二个频带。
2.权利要求1的系统，其中的近距离低功率通信链路是一条低功率微波链路。
3.权利要求2的系统，其中第二个频带在ISM频带范围以内。
4.权利要求1的系统，其中的蜂窝电话手机包括：
在第一个频带上跟基站通信的一个中频/射频模块，其中的基站是一个兼容的本地蜂窝/PCS业务的一部分；和
包含了识别信息的一个SIM卡，该信息使所述蜂窝手机既能通过本地蜂窝网/PCS业务接听蜂窝电话，又能通过辅助电话接听电话。
5.权利要求1的系统，其中的辅助电话是一个蜂窝电话手机。
6.权利要求1的系统，其中的辅助电话是一个汽车电话。
7.权利要求1的系统，其中近距离低功率通信链路工作在第二个频带内的跳频模式。
8.权利要求7的系统还包括：
所述蜂窝电话手机里的第一个SIM卡；和
第二个电话里的第二个SIM卡，
其中的第一个和第二个SIM卡确定了跳频序列。
9.权利要求1的系统，其中的辅助电话是一个汽车电话独立卫星电话。
10.权利要求9的系统，其中的近距离低功率通信链路是一条低功率微波链路。
11.权利要求10的系统，其中的第二个频带在ISM频带范围以内。
12.权利要求9的系统，其中的蜂窝手机包括：
用第一个频带跟所述基站通信的一个中频/射频模块，其中的基站是一个兼容的本地蜂窝网/PCS业务的一部分；和
包括识别信息的一个SIM卡，该信息使所述蜂窝手机既能通过本地蜂窝网/PCS业务接电话又能通过独立卫星电话和近距离低功率通信链路接听卫星电话。
13.权利要求12的系统，其中的识别信息是一个单独的用户识别码。
14.权利要求12的系统，其中的识别信息包括：
通过本地蜂窝网/PCS业务接听电话的第一个用户识别码；和
通过独立卫星电话接听电话的第二个用户识别码。
15.权利要求9的系统，其中的独立卫星电话包括：
跟轨道卫星通信的一个中频/射频模块；和
包括允许所述卫星电话直接从轨道卫星接收卫星通信信号的识别信息的一个SIM卡。
16.权利要求9的系统，其中的近距离低功率通信链路工作在第二个频带内的跳频模式。
17.权利要求16的系统还包括：
蜂窝电话手机里的第一个SIM卡；和
所述独立卫星电话里的第二个SIM卡，
其中的第一个和第二个SIM卡确定了一个跳频序列。
18.权利要求1的系统，其中的蜂窝电话手机和辅助电话包括：
接收输入信号的装置；
将输入信号下变频到基带的装置；
重新调制所述基带信号的装置；和
在所述近距离低功率通信链路上传输重新调制过的信号的装置。
19.权利要求1的系统，其中所述蜂窝电话手机中的低功率收发信机从所述辅助电话接收低功率信号并向所述辅助电话发射低功率信号。
20.权利要求1的系统，其中所述辅助电话中的低功率收发信机从所述蜂窝电话手机接收低功率信号并向所述蜂窝电话手机发射低功率信号。
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WO1998057444A1 (en) 1998-12-17
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