CN1144570C - 身体传感器的保护层 - Google Patents

身体传感器的保护层 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1144570C
CN1144570C CNB001225979A CN00122597A CN1144570C CN 1144570 C CN1144570 C CN 1144570C CN B001225979 A CNB001225979 A CN B001225979A CN 00122597 A CN00122597 A CN 00122597A CN 1144570 C CN1144570 C CN 1144570C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
pick
protective layer
diaphragm
described device
vibration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB001225979A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1293348A (zh
Inventor
S
S·卡普兰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microsense Cardiovascular Systems (1996) Ltd
Original Assignee
Microsense Cardiovascular Systems (1996) Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microsense Cardiovascular Systems (1996) Ltd filed Critical Microsense Cardiovascular Systems (1996) Ltd
Publication of CN1293348A publication Critical patent/CN1293348A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1144570C publication Critical patent/CN1144570C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0031Implanted circuitry
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12131Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A61B17/12168Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device having a mesh structure
    • A61B17/12172Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device having a mesh structure having a pre-set deployed three-dimensional shape
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/0215Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6862Stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6867Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive specially adapted to be attached or implanted in a specific body part
    • A61B5/6876Blood vessel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6879Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6882Anchoring means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91525Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other within the whole structure different bands showing different meander characteristics, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91533Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
    • A61F2002/91541Adjacent bands are arranged out of phase
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155Adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91558Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to peak
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/005Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0058Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements soldered or brazed or welded
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0054V-shaped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0001Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
    • A61F2250/0002Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants for data transfer

Abstract

在体腔中固定传感器的装置和方法,其中传感器支撑连接到固定装置,该固定装置插入到体腔内。然后例如通过膨胀或通过缝合到体腔将固定装置固定在体腔内。固定装置可以是具有相连接的传感器支撑的专用紧固环或膨胀件。在介入的过程中或在特殊的插入过程中插入固定装置。可以周期地或连续地从体腔外查询传感器。此外,传感器具有永久和/或临时的保护层以保护它免受损坏。

Description

身体传感器的保护层
本申请是美国专利申请No.09/004,420的部分继续。
一般地说,本发明涉及一种在体腔内固定传感器以及在插入到体腔的过程中保护该传感器的方法和装置。
在本领域中人们已经知道监测和/或记录人体各种物理、化学和/或生理参数的传感器。美国专利US 4,485,813描述了一种在可植入的医疗器械比如起搏器中的传感器,该传感器可以永久地植入人体内的特定位置上。这种传感器用来监测已经植入了该传感器的被监测者的某些物理和/或生理参数。这种传感器可以保留在被监测者体中较长的时间以持续地监测有关被监测者的信息。
在美国专利US 4,485,813中所描述的传感器的严重局限性是传感器能够植入的可能位置数有限,因为它要求该传感器必须位于医疗器械比如起搏器中,并且难以独立地固定。这种传感器的植入位置和固定的局限性限制了该传感器在体腔内的应用。
用于监测体腔内的参数的传感器包括由非常薄的膜片制成的对机械压力很敏感的传感器。因此,在插入、调配和/或定位的过程中存在传感器被损坏的极大危险。传感器被损坏可能造成该传感器的性能变坏或不能工作。例如,如果在插入的过程损坏了传感器的膜片,则该传感器将会变得不能使用。由于在传感器的插入过程中存在危险,因此如果在插入的过程中某一传感器被损坏或被毁坏就可能要付出昂贵的代价并且带来危险。因此,在插入和固定的过程中还需要一种装置和方法来保护传感器。
对于这些传感器(包括由硅加工制成的传感器),存在的另一个问题是腐蚀,当将传感器植入在患者体内并长时间地暴露在体液以及在患者体内自然产生的其它物质中时压敏膜片就受到这种腐蚀。与一般的看法相反的是,发现当将传感器植入患者体内时由硅加工的传感器与该传感器所接触的自然产生的体液和物质并不具有满意的生物相容性。在一定的时间后,这些液体和介质慢慢开始溶解该传感器,降低该传感器所产生的数据的精度,实际上,在经过几个月后完全溶解传感器的薄的膜片和其它部件。因此,所需要的是用于传感器的具有生物相容的保护层,这种保护层能够阻挡人体自然产生的液体的腐蚀作用。通过使传感器膜片受到的腐蚀作用最小,这种保护层不仅能够延长这种传感器的使用寿命,该保护层还能够在该传感器植入患者体内时维持该传感器所产生的数据的精度。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种在体腔内固定传感器的方法和装置。通过使用这种方法和装置,可以将可远程查询的传感器固定在体腔内。这种传感器可以用于记录和/或监测参数,比如生理参数(例如流体的压力和速度)、生物化学参数(例如气体水平)和在包含在体腔内的液体中的生化物质。
如今体内状况的监测规定了插入和/或侵入的一定级别,并且这种监测的频率受所需的插入的相对危险性限制。因此,本发明提供一种传感器装置,这种传感器装置可以临时或永久地植入在体腔内,并且在任何时候不需物理侵入就可以从外部位置(例如,身体表面)进行查询。
本发明提供一种在体腔内的特定的所需位置和/或优选位置上固定这种传感器的方法和装置。在任何所需的外科插入时或通过独立的导管插入就可以实现这种传感器的固定。此外,可以将该传感器连接到修复装置(例如旁路缝合线、动脉瘤恢复装置、膨胀件等)或安装到它本身的专用的固定装置上。
可以采用许多手段将传感器固定在体腔内,包括在某位置直接连接传感器(例如包括通过在传感器上的孔,例如围绕它的周边的孔)、在外科手术的过程中将传感器连接到旁路的缝合线上或通过应用外科粘接剂。也可以应用托板或支撑(任何形状和任意大小)将传感器设置在腔的内部,该托板或支撑可以是修复装置的一部分或连接到修复装置,例如,在修复装置附近的位置中的保持传感器的膨胀件或动脉瘤校正装置。此外,可以应用专用的装置(例如,紧固环)将传感器设置在腔内,比如通过气囊导管膨胀将该专用的装置保持在腔内并固定在合适的位置。例如,当需要固定但是在所需的位置不应用校正装置时可以应用专用的装置。紧固环并不是必须为环形,可以是椭圆形或其它的最适合于所放的位置的形状。此外,紧固环必须有分离的托板或支撑以保持该传感器。托板或支撑可以是任何形状或大小,例如包括环形、方形、矩形、菱形、有或没有弯曲端的线形等等,并且它可以构造为仅有一边缘或一种材料的实心件。如下文所讨论,可以通过气囊导管使紧固环可膨胀,或通过其它方法比如自膨胀法使其可膨胀。
可以将多个传感器连接到一个托板或多个托板上,例如连接两个传感器,在膨胀件的每侧上各放一个传感器,或者将两个传感器都连接到旁路段的两连接端上,例如一个传感器在动脉瘤套管的入口,而另一个在套管的外部以监测套管周围的可能的渗漏。此外,传感器可以具有多个修复装置或专用装置,以应用或不应用托板将其支撑在腔内,例如传感器支撑在两紧固环之间。
例如,可以通过将托板的一部分插入到在传感器上的槽状凹进部分或沟状凹进部分来支撑传感器或将其连接到托板,或者,可以这样构成传感器,使传感器的一部分(例如唇状延伸部分或突起)可以延伸过托板的尺寸以支撑它。此外,例如还可以通过焊接和/或粘接或上述方法的任意结合将传感器连接到托板。
例如,在插入过程中(比如动脉瘤装置植入、PTCA(经皮的冠动脉血管再建)、冠状动脉搭桥手术等等),在将传感器固定在腔内后,可以周期性地监测以跟踪任何参数的变化或评估所执行的疗法的有效性。例如,可以周期性地监测传感器以评估矫正效果是长期进步,还是恶化以及疾病的相关症状的发展。
可以植入多个传感器并单个或同时进行监测以得出沿着体腔和整个修复装置或修复部分的梯度。这种传感器可以固定在腔内的任意多个位置,例如在通过具有膨胀件或没有膨胀件的PTCA进行治疗的伤痕的两侧上、在旁路部分的两侧上以及在动脉瘤修复装置之前、之后和周围等等。
首先可以通过比如一薄的不锈钢金属片或某些其它的材料(例如任何金属、非金属的或生物可吸收的材料)生产平面型的所需模式的固定装置来构造这种固定装置。可以通过任何适合的技术产生这种平面模式,比如通过很细微的激光切割或任何其它技术将结构图案蚀刻在金属片上。
一旦材料已经切割好后,就使它变形以使它的边缘相接。为通过平的金属片生产固定装置,辗轧扁平的金属直到边缘相接。保持传感器的部分位于固定装置的周边,并且可以在垂直于所形成的环的横截面方向上延伸或从由固定装置所形成的环以其它的方式延伸。比如通过点焊将边缘相接触的位置连接在一起。此后,应用机械或电化学的方法对该固定装置进行磨光。如图所示,例如也可以通过管材蚀刻、导线组装(例如,成为圆筒)等方式形成固定装置。
本发明也涉及具有应用在表面的保护层的传感器。保护层能够防止比如由出现在体液(例如血)和/或人体的活的组织中的物质引起传感器膜片的老化。这种老化能够损害传感器的操作性能或使其不工作。依据本发明,该保护层包括应用在该传感器上的惰性的且生物相容的材料,其中可取的是该层足够薄、均匀且柔软,以使其不干扰传感器的灵敏度。适合的材料的实例包括硅橡胶、特氟隆或聚亚二甲基苯聚合物材料(比如,Parylene C)。在应用硅橡胶和特氟隆作为保护层的情况下,可以通过旋涂操作将保护层施加到传感器。在应用聚亚二甲基苯聚合物材料作为保护层的情况下,可以通过汽相淀积法将保护层施加到传感器。
本发明还提供用于在插入过程中辅助的或可替换的临时保护传感器的方法和装置。为在插入的过程中保护传感器并消除在插入或设置过程中损坏或毁坏传感器的危险,可以在传感器上包裹辅助的或可替换的临时保护层(例如,生物相容的层),这种保护层可溶解在水溶液中,并且在传感器在体内展开后不久或立即消失。例如根据传感器的位置、传感器的型号、要求的保护级别以及所需的溶解速率,该层所使用的材料以及其厚度和硬度都可变化。
从以下结合附图所作的详细描述可以更充分地理解和领会本发明。
图1A所示为依据本发明的优选实施例的用于传感器的第一种固定装置;
图1B表示为依据本发明的优选实施例在体腔内固定图1A所示的传感器的方法;
图2A和2B所示分别为依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前和之后的传感器的第二种固定装置。
图3A和3B所示分别为依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前和之后的传感器的第三种固定装置。
图4所示为依据本发明的优选实施例应用图3A和3B所示的第三种固定装置在体腔内固定传感器的第二种方法。
图5所示为依据本发明的优选实施例蚀刻图3A和3B所示的固定装置的平面图案的掩模。
图6所示为依据本发明的优选实施例蚀刻图2A和2B所示固定装置的平面图案的掩模。
图7所示依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前传感器的第四种固定装置。
图8所示为依据本发明的优选实施例以平面的形式说明图7的固定装置。
图9A和9B所示为依据本发明的两个不同实施例沿着图3A中的点a′和a′之间形成的线传感器支撑的横截面的放大侧视图。
图10A所示为依据本发明具有保护层的传感器的局部侧视图。
图10B所示为依据本发明具有保护层和表面粘接促进剂层的传感器的局部侧视图。
图10C所示为将保护层应用到包含单个传感器的晶片上的方法的流程图。
图11所示为包括可以应用本发明的保护层的无源传感器的超声无源传感器系统。
图12A所示为应用在图11所示的系统中的无源传感器的示意图。
图12B所示为在有压力的情况下图12A所示的传感器的示意图。
图12C所示为对温度敏感的无源传感器的示意图。
图13A所示为可替换的具有两个相连接的振动横梁和一个基准横梁的无源传感器侧视图。
图13B所示为图13A所示的传感器的顶视图。
图14A为可替换的两膜片无源传感器的示意图。
图14B所示为对化学成分敏感的无源传感器的示意图。
图15所示为具有由聚亚二甲基苯聚合物材料形成保护层的无源传感器的示意图。
图16所示为将图15所示的保护层淀积到无源传感器上的汽相淀积设备的示意图。
现在参考图1A和1B,它们分别表示依据本发明的优选实施例传感器的第一种固定装置和在体腔内固定传感器的第一种方法。
在图1A中,所示为在其外围具有两个孔3以连接到腔内的缝合线的传感器1。在图1B中,示出了冠状动脉5,该冠状动脉5自主动脉7开始并具有闭塞点9。旁路11连接在主动脉的点13和点15之间并跨过闭塞点9。传感器1放置在近侧的门孔17上或在旁路的近侧部分19上。或者,传感器1可以放置在远侧门孔21上、在远侧门孔之前的远端部分23上或在远侧门孔的之后的远端部分25上。可以使用任意数量的传感器,它们可以放在上述位置的任意组合位置上或任何其它所需的位置上。应用连接到缝合线的两个孔3将传感器1固定在适当的位置。或者,可以通过外科粘胶剂或外科沟环将传感器1固定在适当的位置。
参考图2A和2B,该图所示分别为依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前和膨胀之后的传感器的第二种固定装置。
在图2A中,所示为处于未膨胀状态下具有第一传感器支撑32和第二传感器支撑34的膨胀件30。或者,膨胀件30可以仅包括一个或包括两个以上的传感器支撑。例如,在与第一传感器支撑32相对位置设置一个第三传感器支撑。在附图2B中,所示为在附图2A中的膨胀件30处于膨胀状态。例如,可以通过气囊导管或其它的方法(比如自膨胀)完成膨胀过程。为在腔内固定传感器,按照在使用膨胀件的任何医疗过程中常规的使用方式设置膨胀件30。在膨胀之前以及在将膨胀件30插入到腔内之前或之后,将传感器放入、放在或连接到第一传感器支撑32和/或第二传感器支撑34。然后使膨胀件30膨胀,或插入到腔内而后膨胀。通过将每个传感器放在与它相应的传感器支撑之中、之上或将每个传感器连接到与它相对应的传感器支撑上的附加步骤,可以应用相同的过程来在腔内固定任意数量的传感器。
参考图3A和3B,所示分别为依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前和膨胀之后的传感器的第三种固定装置。
在图3A中,所示为处于未膨胀状态下紧固环42连接到传感器支撑44的固定装置40。固定装置40由有展性的材料形成,这种有展性的材料在膨胀后不能自动地恢复到它的最初形状。紧固环42由许多椭圆部分46制成,这些椭圆部分46的长边部分48的中部一个连接到另一个以形成环。传感器支撑44连接到一个椭圆部分46的短边部分49上,并垂直于形成环形平面的紧固环42的横截面。传感器支撑44为菱形,但也可以是其它所需的任何形状。此外,可以有多个传感器支撑连接到紧固环42上。或者,由于紧固环42对腔不起任何支撑作用,紧固环42可以制成单个的正弦形环,具有一个或多个连接到尖顶的传感器支撑。
图3B所示为在膨胀状态下图3A中的固定装置40。为在腔内固定传感器、呈紧固环42的形式的固定装置40比如在插入过程中设置在腔内,例如通过气囊导管或其它的方法使其膨胀。在膨胀之前以及在将固定装置40插入到腔内之前和之后,将传感器放在传感器支撑44中或之上或连接到传感器支撑44上然后使固定装置40膨胀或插入到腔中然后膨胀。通过将每个传感器放在与它相应的传感器支撑之中、之上或将每个传感器连接到与它相对应的传感器支撑上的附加步骤,可以应用相同的过程来在腔内固定任意数量的传感器。
现在参照图4,图4所示为依据本发明的优选实施例应用在图3A和3B中所示的第三种固定装置在体腔内固定传感器的第二种方法。如图1B所示,自主动脉7开始并具有闭塞点9的冠状动脉5装配有旁路11,该旁路11连接在主动脉上的点13和15之间并跨越闭塞点9。将由连接到图3A和3B的紧固环42的传感器支撑44支撑的传感器50放置在旁路的近端部分19、远端门孔21、远端门孔之前的远端部分23或远端门孔之后的远端部分25上。可以应用任何数量传感器,可以将它们放在上述位置的任意组合位置上或任何其它的能够使用紧固环的所需的位置上。通过应用气囊导管膨胀将传感器50固定在适当的位置。
现在参照图5,图5所示为依据本发明的优选实施例蚀刻图3A和3B所示固定装置的平面结构图案的掩模。产生掩模52以蚀刻固定装置的平面结构图案。然后将平面图案蚀刻到薄的金属片上或其它的有延展性的材料上。接着例如应用精密激光从金属片上切割下平面图案。然后将所切割的平面图案磨光并弯折为环行(或其它形状)。在弯折之后,例如通过焊接在点54和56所示的位置连接平面图案结构。焊接后得到紧固环。传感器支撑58大致设置在掩模52的中点,但是也可以放在任何其它位置。此外,例如在固定装置图案结构的两侧有多个传感器支撑。
现在参照图6,图6所示为依据本发明的优选实施例蚀刻附图2A和2B所示的固定装置的平面结构图案的掩模。生产掩模60以蚀刻膨胀件的平面结构图案。然后将平面图案蚀刻到薄的金属片上或其它的有延展性的材料上。接着例如应用精密激光从金属片上切割下平面结构图案。然后将所切割的平面图案磨光并弯折为环形(或其它形状),在弯折之后,比如通过焊接进行连接。传感器支撑62大致设置在掩模60的中点,但是也可以放在任何其它位置。此外,例如在膨胀件图案结构的两侧可以有多个传感器支撑。
现在参考附图7,附图7所示为依据本发明的优选实施例在膨胀之前的传感器的第四种固定装置。双紧固环形式的固定装置70包括处于未膨胀状态下的第一环72和第二环74以及设置在两环72和74之间的传感器支撑76。固定装置70可以由任何由延展性的材料形成,这种延展性的材料在膨胀之后不能自动恢复到最初的形状。固定装置70由许多段78组成,这些段78一个连接到另一个以形成两个紧固环72和74。一传感器支撑76连接在每个紧固环72和74的一个段78上,垂直于形成环行平面的每个紧固环72和74的横截面,并设置在两个环72和74之间。传感器支撑形成为菱形,但也可以是其它所需的形状。此外,可以有多个传感器支撑连接到固定装置70。或者,由于固定装置70对腔不起任何支撑作用,因此固定装置70可以制成两个单正弦形环,具有一个或多个连接到尖峰的传感器支撑。或者,固定装置70可以由两个膨胀件制成,在传感器支撑的每一侧上有一个膨胀件,或者具有多个相连接的传感器支撑。
现在参照图8,图8以平面形式表示图7所示依据本发明的优选实施例的固定装置。生产掩模80以蚀刻固定装置的平面结构图案。然后将平面结构图案蚀刻到薄的金属片上或其它的有延展性的材料上。接着例如应用精密激光从金属片上切割下平面图案。然后将所切割的平面图案磨光并弯折为环行(或其它形状)。在弯折之后,例如通过焊接在点82和83以及点84和85所示的每个位置连接平面图案。焊接后得到两个紧固环。传感器支撑87大致设置在掩模80的中点,但是也可以放在任何其它位置。此外,例如在固定装置图案结构的两侧有多个传感器支撑。
现在参照图9A和9B,图9A和9B所示为沿着图3A中的点a′和a′之间形成的线传感器支撑的横截面的放大侧视图。如图9A所示,例如通过钢丝绳切割、蚀刻、激光切割等方法在传感器92的周边的两部分上形成槽90,然后将传感器92插入到传感器支撑44中,以使传感器支撑44的两部分设置在支撑传感器92的槽90中。或者,不用槽,而是在传感器92的周边形成两个凹口,传感器支撑44的两部分可以定位在这两凹口中。
如图9B所示,传感器94在其上部边沿98上具有唇缘96。传感器94也可以沿着其上部边沿98形成有一个或多个突起。或者,唇缘或突起可以位于传感器的底面或任何其它位置。例如通过粘接、焊接等方法将唇缘96或突起连接到传感器支撑的边沿或部分99,以将传感器94连接到传感器支撑44。或者,传感器94可以放置在传感器支撑44上,并通过突起或唇缘96支撑。
已经放在体内的特定解剖学位置处的传感器1连续地暴露在体液(比如血液)和/或活组织中。这种体液和活组织可能包括使传感器1的膜片品质下降的某些成分,因而使传感器1部分或整个都不能工作。图10A所示为能够避免这种品质下降的传感器1。具体地说,传感器1(包括膜片120)具有能够防止体液和/或组织中的成分使传感器膜片120性能下降的保护层10,该保护层10的厚度为3000-5000。传感器膜片120响应能够使它的机械参数变化的各种外部环境的影响,这些环境影响包括压力、流量、组织厚度或温度。在膜片120之下,传感器包括实心材料(比如PYREX玻璃(耐热玻璃))或包括有孔的介质。虽然图10A和10B所示的传感器在其每一侧具有传感器膜片120,但是本发明也应用到仅在其一侧包含传感器膜片120的传感器,在这种情况下,保护层10可以应用到具有膜片120的侧面上。保护层10由惰性、生物相容的材料形成,这种材料能够在传感器1的整个预期使用寿命中在与体液和组织接触时保持稳定。此外,形成保护层10的材料能够以薄层的形式淀积在传感器1的膜片上,这种薄层足够均匀并有柔性以避免干扰传感器1的正常操作。可以用作保护层10的合适材料包括(但并不限于)硅橡胶(市场上可买到的实例有由NuSil Technology生产的MED-1511型硅橡胶)、含氟聚合物比如聚四氟乙烯(市场上可买到的实例有由E.I.DuPont De Nemour Co.生产的TEFLON AF-1601)和聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物(实例有Parylene C)。
图10C所示为在传感器1上涂覆由硅橡胶或特氟隆组成的保护层10的方法实例的流程图。在这种情况下,保护层的厚度大约为5000。应用Parylene C作为保护层10将结合在下文描述的其它实施例一起讨论。图10C所示的过程可以应用到切成小片的晶片上以便得到单个的传感器1。还可以在切割操作之后将保护层10应用到传感器1。返回到图10C,在将保护层10的材料应用到包含传感器1的晶片上之前,为确保保护层10牢固地粘接到晶片上,可以在晶片上预先涂覆表面粘接促进剂比如1H、1H、2H、2H全氟癸基三乙氧基甲硅烷(Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane)。具有保护层10和表面促进剂层20的传感器如图10B所示。依据附图10C,根据任何适合的稀释操作应用合适的溶剂将依据附图10C所示的步骤淀积的起保护层10作用的材料(可以是硅橡胶或特氟隆)首先稀释到所需的程度(步骤200)。然后依据合适的旋涂操作将保护层10的材料施加到晶片,在旋涂的过程中晶片以高达每分钟5000转(RPM)的转速水平地转动。在这种旋涂操作过程中,晶片以所需的速率转动(步骤210),并将包含保护层10的材料的溶液滴到旋转晶片的膜片侧面(步骤220)。晶片的旋转速率以及溶液粘度决定所得到的保护层10的厚度。淀积在传感器膜片120上的保护层10的厚度可以高达4500,而不会显著地影响传感器1的振动特性以及精度,尽管淀积在传感器1上的层10的厚度可以小于4500而并不降低层10的保护水平。例如,具有厚度小于2500的层的传感器1仍然能够保护传感器1抵抗所接触的人体成分及体液的腐蚀性。在晶片上涂覆有保护层10的材料后,对该晶片进行干燥操作(步骤230)。淀积层10的方法可以应用到晶片的每一侧(该晶片为将要淀积层10的晶片)。如果保护层10的材料为硅橡胶,则可以对所涂覆的晶片进行空气干燥,并消除该点的任何溶剂残余,并排放乙酸;如果保护层10的材料为特氟隆,则对所涂覆的晶片进行热循环,该热循环是对晶片进行处理,包括在高温循环后的低温循环,在低温循环的过程中除去任何残留的溶剂。
在晶片干燥之后,将晶片切割为小片以便制成单个的传感器1。如果保护层10包含特氟隆,则可以首先从划片机的轨道中除去特氟隆,以便使在切割操作过程中特氟隆保护层10不被损坏。可以通过任何适合的方法从划片机的轨道中除去特氟隆。例如,通过等离子蚀刻操作将特氟隆从切割轨道中除去,通过抗蚀剂掩模仅使切割轨道暴露出来以进行等离子蚀刻操作。此外,上述的过程可以应用到晶片的两侧以产生在多侧上具有保护层10的传感器1。
图11-14所示为具有传感器1的功能的传感器实例,可以将上述所讨论的保护层(或将在下文讨论的保护层)应用到该传感器上。这些具有传感器1的功能的示例性的传感器描述在美国专利US5,619,997中。现在参照图11,图11所示为超声传感器系统。该系统包括无源传感器1和外部超声激振和检测系统14。传感器1可植入到超声相容的介质12中(比如人体),或可以安装到包围的内壁上。
传感器1可以是任何适合的传感器,下文将应用图12-14描述这种传感器的实例,在超声波中这种传感器可以机械振动,类似于音叉在声波中振动。因此,在图11中传感器1大致以一个音叉表示。传感器1的振动频率为它的电流振动频率,该电流振动频率至少是所检测的物理量的函数。
激振和检测系统14一般包括超声波发生器20、至少一个超声波传感器22频率检测器24和数据处理器25。超声波发生器20和传感器22构成激振元件传感器22、频率检测器24和数据处理器25组成检测元件。
发生器20(比如无损检测单元,IIB USDF型,由Balteu Sonates/Schlumbergerof Milton Keynes,England生产)产生的超声波经过介质12由超声波传感器22发射到传感器1。一般地,在介质12的外部边沿28使用超声波凝胶26来将传感器22连接到介质12。一般地,所发射的超声波由单一频率或一定的频率范围的声波组成。例如,任何适合的鸣叫发射过程都可以由上述的超声波发生系统实施,在该系统中将许多超声音频脉冲串(大约间隔20微秒,每个音频对应于不同的频率)连续地发射到传感器1。因此,这种操作相当于频率扫描操作,在频率扫描操作中将传感器1暴露在时间上分开的并对应于不同频率的许多超声音频脉冲串中。作为这种鸣叫操作的一种替换,上述超声波发生系统可以依据任何适合的发射方案来发射单脉冲,这种单脉冲包括了包含许多频率并传播到传感器1上的超声信号。这种脉冲的频域分布类似于高斯(Gaussian)分布。对于这两种超声波发生技术,所发射的超声波的频率值的范围在500kHz到1MHz之间。
超声波传感器22(比如无损检测单元的一部分)一般地也从介质12接收超声波。这些超声波中的一些声波是所发射的超声波的反射波,其它的声波则来自传感器1。在一种变型实施例中,有两个超声波传感器22,一个用于发射,一个用于接收。
如果所发射的超声波包括传感器1的电流共振频率,则传感器1将会以该频率进行振动。由于传感器1吸收在该振动频率下的超声波能量,所以传感器22所接收的在该振动频率下的反射波的幅值就小于在其它频率下的反射波的幅值。此外,甚至在超声波发射已经停止后传感器1仍然继续振动。
频率检测器24(类似于由Hewlett Packard Inc USA生产的8590A频谱分析仪)分析所接收的超声波以确定哪些频率已经被传感器1吸收和/或当不再通过发射超声波激励时传感器1在哪些频率下进行共振。
数据处理器25将频率检测器24所确定的频率转换成被测量的物理量的值。这种转换所需的信息取决于传感器1的实际结构,如在下文更详细地描述。
可以理解的是图11所示的系统可深深地植入到活组织中或在传导的外壳中。如上文所解释,该系统以机械振动方式运行而不是以电磁振动的方式运行
现在参照图12A和12B,该图所示为起传感器1作用的示例性的无源传感器。图12A和12B所示的传感器(标号为30)响应压力。图12A和12B所示分别为有压力和没有压力下的传感器30。
一般地传感器30由硅制成,并且一般地包括具有凹进部分34的杯形壳体32、可振动的横梁36、膜片38和连接杆40。制造传感器30(包括膜片38)的材料也可以包括氮化硅或二氧化硅。一般地可振动的横梁36整体地连接到壳体32并延伸进凹进部分34中。连接杆40一般连接在膜片38和横梁36的远端42之间。连接杆40整体地连接到膜片38或可振动横梁36。可以对传感器30进行机械加工以使横截面厚度为100m,可以对每侧进行机械加工以使长度为400m。此外,膜片38的厚度范围为0.3至0.5m。在不脱离本发明的范围内除了上述给定的尺寸外传感器30可以构造为其它尺寸。此外,这里所描述的任何其它传感器的尺寸都具有这些尺寸特征。
如图12B所示,一般地膜片38由于响应外部压力弯曲到凹进部分34中。这就使刚性的连接杆40挤压远端42(包括横梁36),以致弯曲,由此使它产生应变。如本领域所公知,产生了应变的横梁比没有产生应变的横梁的振动频率更高。因此,在膜片38上的压力越高,横梁36的振动频率越高。此外,当横梁36振动时,膜片38同样振动。压力和横梁36的振动频率的具体的关系取决于横梁36的材料、它的长度和横截面积,以及某种程度上还取决于其它因素,比如在凹进部分34内的介质的温度和粘度。
需指出的是,如果膜片38是由多种材料制成或表面上涂覆有其它材料,则它的弯曲也会对其它的物理量作出反应,比如温度。例如,图12C所示为种对温度敏感的传感器,图14B(下文将要描述)所示为一种对化学成分敏感的传感器。
现在参考图12C,在这种传感器中,膜片37由两种材料41和44制成,每种材料具有不同的热系数。例如这些材料为硅和氮化硅。由于材料以不同的速率进行膨胀和收缩,膜片37的弯曲就是温度的函数。
现在参考图13A和13B,该图所示为具有不同的发送和接收频率的无源传感器的变型实施例。此外,图13A和13B所示的传感器也具有相同的参考频率。图13A是传感器(标号为50)的侧视图,图13B所示为沿着图13A中的IIIB-IIIB线的顶视图。
传感器50类似传感器30,它具有一壳体(标号为52)和凹进部分54 。然而,传感器50的可振动元件是整个长度的横梁58。与传感器30类似,传感器50也具有膜片38和连接杆40。在这种实施例中,连接杆40连接到横梁58的除中间以外的地方,以便形成分开的但相连接的两个振动横梁60和62,这两个横梁以不同的频率振动。
如图13A所示,横梁60是从壳体52的左边缘64到连接杆40的横梁58的长度,横梁62是从壳体52的右边缘66到连接杆40的横梁58的长度,横梁60比横梁62更长。因此,横梁60以比横梁62更低的频率振动。
在有压力的情况下,膜片38弯曲,将连接杆40进一步推进凹进部分54中,横梁58弯曲,横梁60和62产生应变。当在运行时,传感器系统以频率范围大致在横梁60的振动频率范围内的频率的超声波激励传感器50。较长的横梁60受到激励,它的激振又使较短的横梁62也产生振动,但是它以它的电流振动频率振动。膜片38也产生振动以响应横梁60和62的振动。
由于较短的横梁62的振动频率范围通常完全不同于较长的横梁60的振动频率范围,为进行接收,仅需要将超声波传感器22和频率检测器24调谐到较短的横梁62的频率范围。由于仅在较短的横梁62的振动频率范围它才有效,由传感器22所接收的信号的信噪比(S/N)将会很高,因为与激励频率相关的噪声很小甚至没有。
传感器50也可以有选择地包括位于与横梁58邻近的基准梁68(附图13B)。基准梁68的两端都连接到壳体52,但再两端都不连接到连接杆40。因此,基准梁68的振动频率并不随着压力改变。因此它的振动频率的任何变化都是由于其它的因素引起的,比如温度、粘性阻尼等,而这些因素也可以影响横梁60和62。因此通过数据处理器25利用基准梁68的输出来校正由横梁60和62所测定的压力值。
现在简要地参考图14A,其所示为由两个硅晶片70和72所形成的传感器的进一步变型实施例。一般地,每个晶片大致为方形化的杯形,并将这两个晶片粘接在一起以形成封闭的空间74。每个杯形的底部是扁平的,形成能够自由振动到空间74的膜片。为使图14A所示的传感器具有两个不同的共轭频率,使膜片(标号为76和78)的厚度不同。
如图13A所示的实施例,具有较低的振动频率的振动元件(即,较薄的膜片78)接收超声信号,而其它的膜片(即较厚的膜片76)发射所反射的超声信号。两个振动元件经过晶片70和72的侧面以及放在所包围的空间74中的任何介质进行耦合。
类似于图14A所示的传感器的传感器可以用于测量化学成分。现在参照表示这种传感器的图14B。图14B中的膜片76涂覆有较薄的且较柔软的聚合膜79,这种聚合膜能够吸收气相的待分析物。待分析物增加了膜79的重量,并改变了它的粘弹性。因此,改变了振动频率。
与当前的看法相反的是,发现当将由硅加工而成的传感器30(包括一个由单晶硅制成的膜片38)植入到患者的体内时,它与它所遇到的人体自然产生的体液和成分并不具有满意的生物相容性。实际上,当这种传感器30的膜片38暴露在这种环境中足够长的时间,比如三个月,膜片38就可能完全溶化,使传感器30变得无用。上述所讨论的其它类型的传感器同样具有这种易损性。为解释通过保护层使这种易损性最小化的方法,参照附图12A-12C所示的对压力敏感的传感器30,可以理解的是,保护在图12A-12C中所示的传感器30所采取的步骤同样可以应用到上文所讨论的其它类型的传感器。
如上所述,传感器30包括膜片38,响应所施加的压力而产生的一定的挠曲可以使该膜片38变形。当膜片38依据这种挠曲变形时,同样改变膜片38的共振频率,一旦具有与膜片共振频率相匹配的频率的超声波作用在膜片38上时,膜片38沿着横梁36吸收该频率的超声波能量并以该共振频率开始机械振动,产生反射波,该反射波被图11所示的系统接收。也可以说,当将通过傅里叶变换具有特殊的频域特性的超声波发射到传感器30时,膜片38吸收在膜片的特定的共振频率下的声波能量,膜片38的这种特定共振频率取决于外部影响比如压力使膜片38挠曲的量。由于膜片38是在膜片38的共振频率下吸收能量,由膜片38产生的反射波的傅里叶变换曲线在这种频率处具有特定的凹口(幅值急剧下降)。这种凹口是在膜片38吸收所发射的超声波能量的频率处。因此,这种凹口处的频率就认为是膜片38的共振频率。通过合适的分析装置就可以检测这种频率,或者通过检查在任何合适显示器上的傅里叶变换图象能够可视地确定这种频率。由于膜片的共振频率与作用在膜片上的压力成比例,所以作用在膜片38上的压力就可以通过所测得的共振频率得出。
如上所述,如果膜片38暴露在人体内自然产生的液体或成分中足够长的时间,硅膜片38外的硅将开始被腐蚀,这种腐蚀就会影响到膜片38的振动特性。随着膜片38继续腐蚀,通过如上所讨论的这种共振频率确定提供的测量的精度就会下降。为防止这种精度下降,在膜片38上应用具有保护性的涂层。
图15所示为在膜片38上淀积有聚亚二甲基苯(polyxylylene)聚合物材料的保护层150的传感器30。当然在图15中保护层150的材料并不限于聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物,而是也可以如上所讨论的相同的方式由硅橡胶或聚四氟乙烯形成。当应用聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物作为保护层150的材料时,可以应用到传感器30的聚亚二甲基苯的实例有Parylene C(聚对氯亚二甲基苯(poly(p-chloroxylylene)))。可以应用到传感器30的其它的聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物包括(但并不限于)Parylene N(聚对亚二甲基苯)、Parylene D(聚对二氯亚二甲基苯)和Parylene VIPTMAF-4(聚对四氟亚二甲基苯)。因此,虽然下文的讨论将集中在以Parylene C作为保护层150的材料,可以理解的是上述的任何聚亚二甲基苯材料都可以作为保护层150。此外,虽然在图12A中所示为具有ParyleneC保护层150的传感器30的实例,但是Parylene C保护层150不仅可以应用到这种传感器30,而且也可以应用到这里所描述的任何传感器。此外,对于在图15中所示的特定的实施例,传感器30可以构造为在图12A中所提到的尺寸400m×400m×100m,膜片38的厚度可以对应于在图12A中所讨论的厚度范围0.3-0.5m。最后,虽然在图15中所示的保护层15仅淀积在传感器30的一侧,但是在传感器30的需要淀积的任何侧面上都可以淀积保护层150。
在图15中,传感器30的保护层150不超过约4500。保护层150对在人体内的体液和其它的有损害的成分具有足够的抵抗性,以便保护膜片38的结构和功能不严重受到损害。也可以通过比4500更薄的保护层150实现这种保护功能。实际上,也可以将厚度小于2500的层150应用到膜片38而不降低层150的保护性能。因为保护层150的厚度比膜片38的厚度更小,具有保护层150的膜片38的灵敏度仍然保持与没有保护层150的膜片的灵敏度一样。另一方面,如果将保护层150的厚度增加到超过约4500以上,则对膜片38的灵敏度的干扰就很大以致影响从传感器30所得到的数据的精度。具体地说,当涂层厚度超过4500时,共振的幅值(或Q因子)减小,这就使传感器30所提供的读数更不精确。这与先前所提出的应用可挠曲的膜片的有源传感器大不相同。在这种有源传感器中,膜片响应外部条件而挠曲,但是并不在响应超声波的共振频率下振动。因此,与传感器30的膜片38(这种膜片能够在预定的共振频率下挠曲并振动)不同,这种先前所提出的传感器的膜片在被挠曲的结构下仍然保持静止。这种有源传感器不通过超声反射波提供所测量的人体特征的相关数据,而是产生与膜片挠曲的量成比例的电信号。因为,这种先前所提出的有源传感器的膜片并不振动,因此它们可以应用比4500厚得多的保护涂层。
返回到图15,根据适合于淀积聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料的任何适合的汽相淀积技术将保护层150淀积在传感器30上。如图16所示,例如,汽相淀积设备包括蒸汽室300、经过管310连接到蒸汽室300的热解(反应)室320、连接到热解室320并包括凝结阶段370的淀积室330和经过管340连接到淀积室330的真空泵360。蒸汽室300在温度大约150℃、压力大约1乇下使聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物(二对亚二甲基苯)的二聚物材料蒸汽化。然后大约在680℃和0.5乇下使二聚物热分解以产生单体比如对亚二甲基苯(p-xylylene)。然后在环境温度(室温)下使单体进入到淀积室330,这里使传感器30(独立或作为包含了许多传感器30的晶片的一部分)定位。这里,单体被吸收或聚合到传感器30上以产生保护层150。如果将传感器30独立地放在淀积室330中,则保护层150将会施加到传感器30所暴露的所有的表面上。另一方面,如果传感器30是作为包含了许多传感器30的晶片的一部分放在淀积室330中,则以与附图15所示的方式将聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料淀积在传感器30上。在这种情况下,在切割晶片形成单个的传感器30之后,这种传感器的侧面将没有涂覆上聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料,因为在淀积的过程中这些表面没有暴露出来。在这种情况下,如附图15所示,仅在传感器30的膜片38涂覆有聚业二甲基苯的聚合物材料的保护层150。
为使在传感器30上淀积的保护层150能够小于4500,以比先前所提出的汽相淀积过程更慢地执行上述的汽相淀积过程。例如,一些先前所提出的汽相淀积过程仅需10秒钟来在该表面上淀积聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料,而在本发明中依据汽相淀积方法淀积保护层150需要长达十分钟的时间。通过以这种速度执行淀积过程,就可以更精确地控制在传感器30上淀积保护层150的汽相淀积过程以实现所需的保护层的厚度并防止形成小孔。可以将任何适合的淀积监测器(未示)连接到淀积室330,以使在淀积的过程中人可以操作淀积室,以当保护层材料积累在传感器30上时一直监测该保护层材料。一旦保护层150的厚度达到了所需的值,监测淀积的人就可以切断淀积过程,或者一旦所监测的厚度实现了所需的值自动终止这种过程。此外,由于淀积室330的不同区域具有不同的淀积速率,为了确保保护层150的材料以所需的速率淀积在传感器30上,可以将传感器30放在具有比其它的区域更低的淀积速率的淀积室330的区域中。
当将传感器30植入到患者体内时,具有淀积在膜片38的保护层150的传感器30对所遇到的体液具有更强的抗腐蚀特性。由于具有这种保护层150,传感器30在患者体内仍然保持原样,因此能够比没有这种保护层150的传感器更长时间地产生精确数据。
除了如上所述的永久层或适合的变形层外,可以将临时的涂层设置在传感器上以在展开的过程保护它们避免受到损坏和/或毁坏。临时的涂层可以由可溶于水溶液的材料制成,并在传感器展开后不久或立即溶化。所使用的材料、临时涂层的厚度以及临时涂层的硬度在很大程度上取决于传感器的位置、传感器的类型以及其它因素(包括所涉及的生理学因素、所测量的参数以及所需的展开速度)。
临时涂层的第一实例是由包括大致等量的葡萄糖和蔗糖制成的固化的糖浆的组合物。然而,根据应用的不同葡萄糖和蔗糖的比份可以变化。
临时涂层的第二实例是由包括羟基丙基甲基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素和胶体的二氧化硅的组合物,所有这些都细微地研磨并混合在水中,这种组合物可以用于涂覆药丸,并在市场上可以买到,比如由意大利的Colorcon Ltd.生产的Opadry-Oy-34817。
其它材料也可以用作传感器的临时保护涂层。临时保护涂层可以由任何其它的物质制成,条件是这些物质足够硬或足够厚以能够在插入的过程中保护传感器不被损坏,并且还能够在插入之后不久或立即溶化,且在体内在所希望的展开位置是生物相容的。
可以通过任何涂覆对象的方法涂覆传感器,这些可利用的方法例如包括在传感器上喷射涂层、在液池中浸渍传感器、在传感器上浇注或滴定涂层、在传感器上油漆涂层等。此外,涂层还可以仅覆盖传感器的膜片或覆盖传感器的大部分或整个传感器。

Claims (18)

1.一种植入体内的解剖学位置中的装置,包括:
包括可机械地振动的膜片的传感器;和
由聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料制成并至少淀积在可机械地振动的膜片上的保护层。
2.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的保护层的厚度小于4500。
3.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的保护层的厚度小于2500。
4.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的可机械地振动的膜片由半导体材料制成。
5.依据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所说的半导体包括硅、氮化硅和二氧化硅中的一种。
6.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的可机械振动的膜片对人体的解剖学特性敏感。
7.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的保护层防止体液和组织使可机械振动的膜片的操作性能下降。
8.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的保护层包括惰性材料。
9.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的保护层包括生物相容材料。
10.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的聚亚二甲基苯的聚合物材料包括聚对氯亚二甲基苯、聚对亚二甲基苯、聚对二氯亚二甲基苯和聚对四氟亚二甲基苯之中的一种。
11.依据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所说的传感器是无源传感器。
12.依据权利要求6所述的装置,其中所说的可机械振动的膜片响应的所说的解剖学特性至少包括压力、温度和化学成分中的一种。
13.一种植入体内的解剖学位置中的装置,包括:
包括可机械地振动的膜片的非电子传感器;和
由硅橡胶材料制成并至少淀积在可机械地振动的膜片上的保护层。
14.依据权利要求13所述的装置,其中所说的保护层的厚度小于5000。
15.一种植入体内的解剖学位置中的装置,包括:
包括可机械地振动的膜片的非电子传感器;和
由聚四氟乙烯材料制成并至少淀积在可机械地振动的膜片上的保护层。
16.依据权利要求15所述的装置,其中所说的保护层的厚度小于5000。
17.依据权利要求16所述的装置,进一步包括在至少传感器的一个表面和保护层之间应用的粘接促进剂层。
18.依据权利要求17所述的装置,其中所说的粘接促进剂层包括全氟代癸基三乙氧基甲硅烷。
CNB001225979A 1999-07-16 2000-07-15 身体传感器的保护层 Expired - Fee Related CN1144570C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/354,631 1999-07-16
US09/354631 1999-07-16
US09/354,631 US6331163B1 (en) 1998-01-08 1999-07-16 Protective coating for bodily sensor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1293348A CN1293348A (zh) 2001-05-02
CN1144570C true CN1144570C (zh) 2004-04-07

Family

ID=23394243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB001225979A Expired - Fee Related CN1144570C (zh) 1999-07-16 2000-07-15 身体传感器的保护层

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US6331163B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1068836A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP2001061790A (zh)
KR (1) KR100397197B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1144570C (zh)
AR (1) AR024750A1 (zh)
AU (2) AU779088B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR0002803A (zh)
CA (1) CA2313859C (zh)
DE (1) DE10033943B4 (zh)
EE (1) EE200000306A (zh)
GB (1) GB2355532B (zh)
HK (1) HK1036394A1 (zh)
IL (1) IL137231A0 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA00006966A (zh)
NO (1) NO20003608L (zh)
NZ (1) NZ505711A (zh)
PL (1) PL341197A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2220749C2 (zh)
SG (1) SG83801A1 (zh)
SK (1) SK10302000A3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2001005301A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (152)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6036924A (en) 1997-12-04 2000-03-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Cassette of lancet cartridges for sampling blood
US20030036746A1 (en) 2001-08-16 2003-02-20 Avi Penner Devices for intrabody delivery of molecules and systems and methods utilizing same
WO2003092492A1 (en) * 1998-01-08 2003-11-13 Microsense Ltd. Anchor for a sensor implanted in a bodily lumen
US20020188207A1 (en) * 1998-01-08 2002-12-12 Jacob Richter Anchor for sensor implanted in a bodily lumen
US6391005B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2002-05-21 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for penetration with shaft having a sensor for sensing penetration depth
US9522217B2 (en) 2000-03-15 2016-12-20 Orbusneich Medical, Inc. Medical device with coating for capturing genetically-altered cells and methods for using same
US8088060B2 (en) 2000-03-15 2012-01-03 Orbusneich Medical, Inc. Progenitor endothelial cell capturing with a drug eluting implantable medical device
US6442413B1 (en) * 2000-05-15 2002-08-27 James H. Silver Implantable sensor
US7181261B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2007-02-20 Silver James H Implantable, retrievable, thrombus minimizing sensors
US8133698B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2012-03-13 Silver James H Sensors for detecting substances indicative of stroke, ischemia, infection or inflammation
US7769420B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2010-08-03 Silver James H Sensors for detecting substances indicative of stroke, ischemia, or myocardial infarction
US7006858B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2006-02-28 Silver James H Implantable, retrievable sensors and immunosensors
US6932838B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2005-08-23 Tricardia, Llc Venous valvuloplasty device and method
US8641644B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2014-02-04 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Blood testing apparatus having a rotatable cartridge with multiple lancing elements and testing means
US6666821B2 (en) * 2001-01-08 2003-12-23 Medtronic, Inc. Sensor system
US7026052B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2006-04-11 Dielectric Systems, Inc. Porous low k(<2.0) thin film derived from homo-transport-polymerization
US20020183628A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2002-12-05 Sanford Reich Pressure sensing endograft
US7981056B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-07-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US7344507B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-03-18 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for lancet actuation
ATE485766T1 (de) 2001-06-12 2010-11-15 Pelikan Technologies Inc Elektrisches betätigungselement für eine lanzette
US9427532B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2016-08-30 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US7025774B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2006-04-11 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Tissue penetration device
ATE497731T1 (de) 2001-06-12 2011-02-15 Pelikan Technologies Inc Gerät zur erhöhung der erfolgsrate im hinblick auf die durch einen fingerstich erhaltene blutausbeute
US8337419B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-12-25 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US7316700B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2008-01-08 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Self optimizing lancing device with adaptation means to temporal variations in cutaneous properties
CA2448905C (en) 2001-06-12 2010-09-07 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Blood sampling apparatus and method
US9795747B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2017-10-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US9226699B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-01-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling module with a continuous compression tissue interface surface
WO2002100254A2 (en) 2001-06-12 2002-12-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for lancet launching device integrated onto a blood-sampling cartridge
US20050267326A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2005-12-01 Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Eng. At The University Of Southern California Percutaneous chemical sensor based on fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET)
EP1519678A2 (en) * 2001-10-02 2005-04-06 Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering at the University of Southern California Internal biochemical sensing device
US7232451B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8784335B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2014-07-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling device with a capacitive sensor
US9795334B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2017-10-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8702624B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-04-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Analyte measurement device with a single shot actuator
US8579831B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2013-11-12 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US9248267B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-02-02 Sanofi-Aventis Deustchland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US7371247B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-05-13 Pelikan Technologies, Inc Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7648468B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-01-19 Pelikon Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7909778B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-03-22 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7291117B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-11-06 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8221334B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-07-17 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7892183B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-02-22 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling and analyte sensing
US7297122B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-11-20 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7901362B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-03-08 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7674232B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-03-09 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7547287B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2009-06-16 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7717863B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2010-05-18 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7226461B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-05 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for a multi-use body fluid sampling device with sterility barrier release
US8360992B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2013-01-29 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7229458B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-06-12 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7331931B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-02-19 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7976476B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-07-12 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Device and method for variable speed lancet
US7491178B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2009-02-17 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8267870B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2012-09-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling with hybrid actuation
US9314194B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-04-19 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US7892185B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2011-02-22 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for body fluid sampling and analyte sensing
US7261733B1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2007-08-28 Endovascular Technologies, Inc. Endovascular graft with sensors design and attachment methods
FR2843742B1 (fr) 2002-08-26 2005-10-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Microstructure a surface fonctionnalisee par depot localise d'une couche mince et procede de fabrication associe
US8303511B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2012-11-06 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable pressure transducer system optimized for reduced thrombosis effect
US20070010726A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2007-01-11 Alfred E. Mann Inst. For Biomedical Engineering At The University Of Southern California Internal biochemical sensing device
US7043969B2 (en) * 2002-10-18 2006-05-16 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Machine fluid sensor and method
US20040093928A1 (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-05-20 Dimeo Frank Rare earth metal sensor
US8574895B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2013-11-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus using optical techniques to measure analyte levels
US7134341B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2006-11-14 Zuli Holdings Ltd Methods and devices for determining the resonance frequency of passive mechanical resonators
ATE476137T1 (de) 2003-05-30 2010-08-15 Pelikan Technologies Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zur injektion von flüssigkeit
WO2004107964A2 (en) 2003-06-06 2004-12-16 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Blood harvesting device with electronic control
WO2006001797A1 (en) 2004-06-14 2006-01-05 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Low pain penetrating
US20050038476A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Team Brown Enterprises, Llc Coating/covering materials for the enhancement of defibrillation thresholds of implantable defibrillators/leads
US7415883B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2008-08-26 Zuli Holdings Ltd Method for protecting resonating sensors and open protected resonating sensors
US8162839B2 (en) 2003-08-27 2012-04-24 Microtech Medical Technologies Ltd. Protected passive resonating sensors
US20050124896A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-06-09 Jacob Richter Method for protecting implantable sensors and protected implantable sensors
EP1671096A4 (en) 2003-09-29 2009-09-16 Pelikan Technologies Inc METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING IMPROVED SAMPLE CAPTURING DEVICE
US7225024B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2007-05-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Sensors having protective eluting coating and method therefor
EP1680014A4 (en) 2003-10-14 2009-01-21 Pelikan Technologies Inc METHOD AND APPARATUS PROVIDING A VARIABLE USER INTERFACE
US7416530B2 (en) * 2003-11-04 2008-08-26 L & P 100 Limited Medical devices
JP4667393B2 (ja) * 2003-12-12 2011-04-13 シー・アール・バード・インコーポレーテッド フッ素化ポリマーコーティングを有する植込み型医療器具、およびその塗布方法
EP1706026B1 (en) 2003-12-31 2017-03-01 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Method and apparatus for improving fluidic flow and sample capture
US7822454B1 (en) 2005-01-03 2010-10-26 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Fluid sampling device with improved analyte detecting member configuration
US7572228B2 (en) * 2004-01-13 2009-08-11 Remon Medical Technologies Ltd Devices for fixing a sensor in a lumen
US8828203B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2014-09-09 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Printable hydrogels for biosensors
US9775553B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2017-10-03 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device
EP1765194A4 (en) 2004-06-03 2010-09-29 Pelikan Technologies Inc METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING A DEVICE FOR SAMPLING LIQUIDS
US20060064134A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for deriving relative physiologic measurements
US20060064142A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for deriving relative physiologic measurements using an implanted sensor device
US7813808B1 (en) 2004-11-24 2010-10-12 Remon Medical Technologies Ltd Implanted sensor system with optimized operational and sensing parameters
US20060122522A1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2006-06-08 Abhi Chavan Devices and methods for positioning and anchoring implantable sensor devices
US8652831B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2014-02-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for analyte measurement test time
US10390714B2 (en) 2005-01-12 2019-08-27 Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. Devices for fixing a sensor in a lumen
CA2613241A1 (en) 2005-06-21 2007-01-04 Cardiomems, Inc. Method of manufacturing implantable wireless sensor for in vivo pressure measurement
US7742815B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2010-06-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Using implanted sensors for feedback control of implanted medical devices
US7682313B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2010-03-23 Vital Sensors Holding Company, Inc. Implantable pressure monitor
US7686768B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2010-03-30 Vital Sensors Holding Company, Inc. Implantable pressure monitor
US20070142727A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for analyzing cardiovascular pressure measurements made within a human body
US8060214B2 (en) 2006-01-05 2011-11-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with inductive coil configurable for mechanical fixation
US7955268B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2011-06-07 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Multiple sensor deployment
US8057399B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2011-11-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Anchor for an implantable sensor
US8676349B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2014-03-18 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Mechanism for releasably engaging an implantable medical device for implantation
CA2669224A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-10-23 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. Assembling and utilizing rfid sensors in containers
US8894582B2 (en) 2007-01-26 2014-11-25 Endotronix, Inc. Cardiac pressure monitoring device
US20080226694A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Daniel Gelbart Method for introducing superhydrophobic articles into the human body
US8570186B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2013-10-29 Endotronix, Inc. Wireless sensor reader
US8154389B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2012-04-10 Endotronix, Inc. Wireless sensor reader
US10003862B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2018-06-19 Endotronix, Inc. Wireless sensor reader
US8493187B2 (en) * 2007-03-15 2013-07-23 Endotronix, Inc. Wireless sensor reader
US8204599B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2012-06-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System for anchoring an implantable sensor in a vessel
AU2008266678B2 (en) 2007-06-14 2013-06-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Multi-element acoustic recharging system
US8725260B2 (en) 2008-02-11 2014-05-13 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc Methods of monitoring hemodynamic status for rhythm discrimination within the heart
WO2009102640A1 (en) 2008-02-12 2009-08-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling wireless signal transfers between ultrasound-enabled medical devices
EP2265324B1 (en) 2008-04-11 2015-01-28 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Integrated analyte measurement system
WO2009132396A1 (en) * 2008-05-02 2009-11-05 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Method and apparatus for determining the pressure of a fluid
JP5362828B2 (ja) 2008-07-15 2013-12-11 カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド 音響的にイネーブルされる埋め込み型医療デバイス用のインプラント補助装置
EP2334230A1 (en) 2008-10-10 2011-06-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for determining cardiac output using pulmonary artery pressure measurements
US8632470B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2014-01-21 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance via pulmonary artery pressure
US9375169B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2016-06-28 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Cam drive for managing disposable penetrating member actions with a single motor and motor and control system
US8694129B2 (en) 2009-02-13 2014-04-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Deployable sensor platform on the lead system of an implantable device
US8965476B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2015-02-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US8475372B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2013-07-02 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Implantable medical sensor and fixation system
US8864676B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2014-10-21 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Implantable medical sensor and fixation system
US9775982B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2017-10-03 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device fixation
US8727996B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-05-20 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Delivery system for implantable medical device
US8401643B2 (en) 2011-05-17 2013-03-19 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Implantable medical sensor and anchoring system
US10105067B2 (en) * 2011-09-01 2018-10-23 Microtech Medical Technologies Ltd. Method of detecting portal and/or hepatic pressure and a portal hypertension monitoring system
US9717421B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2017-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device delivery catheter with tether
US10485435B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2019-11-26 Medtronic, Inc. Pass-through implantable medical device delivery catheter with removeable distal tip
EP2941179A1 (en) * 2012-07-20 2015-11-11 NAVAB, Nassir Intelligent implanted health sensing device and assembly
US9351648B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2016-05-31 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device electrode assembly
EP2895059B1 (en) 2012-09-14 2019-11-06 Endotronix, Inc. Delivery system
US9949692B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-04-24 Canary Medical Inc. Stent graft monitoring assembly and method of use thereof
US10123775B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2018-11-13 Volcano Corporation Transducer with protective layer and associated devices, systems, and methods
JP6497561B2 (ja) 2013-03-15 2019-04-10 マイクロテック メディカル テクノロジーズ リミテッド ブリッジを備えた植込装置
CN105050489B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2018-02-13 微创医学科技有限公司 可植入的锚固件
CN103454325B (zh) * 2013-09-04 2015-07-22 上海移宇科技有限公司 一种光催化型葡萄糖微电极传感器及其制备方法
CN103462595B (zh) * 2013-09-22 2015-10-21 天津普仁万合信息技术有限公司 一种便携式传感器组件
WO2015200718A1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-12-30 Hunter William L Devices, systems and methods for using and monitoring tubes in body passageways
CN106573274B (zh) 2014-07-11 2021-02-05 微创医学科技有限公司 多胞元换能器
WO2016028583A1 (en) 2014-08-18 2016-02-25 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Sensors for prosthetic heart devices
WO2016028585A1 (en) 2014-08-18 2016-02-25 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Sensors for prosthetic heart devices
US10433791B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2019-10-08 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Prosthetic heart devices having diagnostic capabilities
US20170258404A1 (en) * 2014-11-25 2017-09-14 Diagnostic Biochips, Inc. Coated Biosensor and Method for Preserving Biosensor During Implantation into the Brain or Other Tissues
US9757574B2 (en) 2015-05-11 2017-09-12 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Dual chamber transvenous pacemaker
US9996712B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2018-06-12 Endotronix, Inc. Self test device and method for wireless sensor reader
EP3524164A1 (en) * 2016-08-03 2019-08-14 PI-Harvest Holding AG A system, method and software for non-invasive measurement of intravascular, in particular intracardiac blood pressure
EP3478184A1 (en) * 2016-08-03 2019-05-08 PI-Harvest Holding AG A system and method for non-invasive measurement of pressure inside a body including intravascular blood pressure
GB201616092D0 (en) 2016-09-21 2016-11-02 Imp Innovations Ltd Apparatus for securing a device in a vascular lumen
EP3585252A1 (en) 2017-02-24 2020-01-01 Endotronix, Inc. Wireless sensor reader assembly
US11615257B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2023-03-28 Endotronix, Inc. Method for communicating with implant devices
EP3612084A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-02-26 Endotronix, Inc. Anchoring system for a catheter delivered device
CN107510509A (zh) * 2017-07-10 2017-12-26 北京万特福医疗器械有限公司 一种微型传感器封装结构及其制造方法
EP3654835A1 (en) 2017-07-19 2020-05-27 Endotronix, Inc. Physiological monitoring system
WO2019046837A1 (en) 2017-09-02 2019-03-07 Precision Drone Services Intellectual Property, Llc SEED DISTRIBUTION ASSEMBLY FOR AERIAL VEHICLE
EP3883465A1 (en) 2018-11-19 2021-09-29 Microtech Medical Technologies Ltd. System and method for deployment of an implantable device having an attachment element and methods of monitoring physiological data using multiple sensor devices

Family Cites Families (79)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL127872C (zh) 1965-03-19
US3958562A (en) 1974-05-30 1976-05-25 Hakim Company Limited Implantable pressure sensor
US4022190A (en) * 1974-07-16 1977-05-10 Hittman Corporation Apparatus for sensing pressure
JPS5921495B2 (ja) 1977-12-15 1984-05-21 株式会社豊田中央研究所 細管型圧力計
US4240438A (en) 1978-10-02 1980-12-23 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method for monitoring blood glucose levels and elements
US4468948A (en) 1981-03-11 1984-09-04 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gaseous or volatile substance in a liquid
US4485800A (en) 1981-11-13 1984-12-04 Stevenson Robert L Stove construction
US4485813A (en) 1981-11-19 1984-12-04 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable dynamic pressure transducer system
GR77132B (zh) 1982-03-25 1984-09-07 Coats Ltd J & P
EP0094924A3 (en) 1982-05-14 1985-01-30 Astra Meditec AB Articles exhibiting a biocompatible surface layer and process for providing articles with such a surface layer
US4485831A (en) 1982-09-02 1984-12-04 D.O.C.E Corporation Cooking oil salvage system
FR2585944B1 (fr) 1985-08-12 1988-07-08 Alvar Electronic Sa Sonde a ultrasons implantable et son pro cede de fabrication
US4732042A (en) 1986-04-22 1988-03-22 Motorola Inc. Cast membrane protected pressure sensor
US5075127A (en) 1986-10-10 1991-12-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Sensor with overcoating and process for making same
US5286364A (en) 1987-06-08 1994-02-15 Rutgers University Surface-modified electochemical biosensor
US5540828A (en) 1987-06-08 1996-07-30 Yacynych; Alexander Method for making electrochemical sensors and biosensors having a polymer modified surface
US5059211A (en) 1987-06-25 1991-10-22 Duke University Absorbable vascular stent
US4938827A (en) 1987-11-10 1990-07-03 Hewlett-Packard Company Preparation of a silicone rubber-polyester composite products
EP0398932A1 (en) 1988-01-25 1990-11-28 Baylor College Of Medicine Implantable and extractable biological sensor probe
JP2672561B2 (ja) 1988-01-29 1997-11-05 テルモ株式会社 膜被履センサ
US5019096A (en) 1988-02-11 1991-05-28 Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Infection-resistant compositions, medical devices and surfaces and methods for preparing and using same
US5212988A (en) 1988-02-29 1993-05-25 The Reagents Of The University Of California Plate-mode ultrasonic structure including a gel
US5189914A (en) * 1988-02-29 1993-03-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Plate-mode ultrasonic sensor
US4993265A (en) 1988-03-03 1991-02-19 The Foxboro Company Protected pressure sensor and method of making
JPH0631422Y2 (ja) 1988-07-30 1994-08-22 日本碍子株式会社 酸素センサの端部構造
US5456251A (en) 1988-08-26 1995-10-10 Mountpelier Investments, S.A. Remote sensing tonometric catheter apparatus and method
US5053048A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-10-01 Cordis Corporation Thromboresistant coating
US5045151A (en) 1989-10-17 1991-09-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Micromachined bonding surfaces and method of forming the same
US5067491A (en) 1989-12-08 1991-11-26 Becton, Dickinson And Company Barrier coating on blood contacting devices
GB8928533D0 (en) 1989-12-18 1990-02-21 Lesny Jan Ultrasonic instrument
US5197952A (en) 1990-06-13 1993-03-30 Dlp, Inc. Auto-inflating catheter cuff
US5224972A (en) 1990-09-11 1993-07-06 Frye Gregory C Coatings with controlled porosity and chemical properties
US5682899A (en) * 1991-05-16 1997-11-04 Ami-Med Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous cardiac output monitoring
US5205292A (en) 1991-06-03 1993-04-27 Applied Biometric, Inc. Removable implanted device
US5411550A (en) 1991-09-16 1995-05-02 Atrium Medical Corporation Implantable prosthetic device for the delivery of a bioactive material
EP0575580B1 (en) * 1991-12-23 1999-03-17 Sims Deltec, Inc. Guide wire device with location sensing member
DE4208645A1 (de) 1992-03-18 1993-09-23 Bayer Ag Optischer festphasenbiosensor auf basis fluoreszenzfarbstoffmarkierter polyionischer schichten
GB9211402D0 (en) 1992-05-29 1992-07-15 Univ Manchester Sensor devices
US5306294A (en) 1992-08-05 1994-04-26 Ultrasonic Sensing And Monitoring Systems, Inc. Stent construction of rolled configuration
US5287861A (en) 1992-10-30 1994-02-22 Wilk Peter J Coronary artery by-pass method and associated catheter
US5656830A (en) 1992-12-10 1997-08-12 International Business Machines Corp. Integrated circuit chip composite having a parylene coating
US5353800A (en) 1992-12-11 1994-10-11 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable pressure sensor lead
US5433216A (en) 1993-06-14 1995-07-18 Mountpelier Investments, S.A. Intra-abdominal pressure measurement apparatus and method
US5477855A (en) 1993-07-16 1995-12-26 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Shield for conductors of an implantable device
US5516413A (en) 1993-09-01 1996-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Rugged electrode for electrochemical measurements at high temperatures and pressures
IL108470A (en) 1994-01-28 1998-12-06 Mizur Technology Ltd Passive sensor system using ultrasonic energy
US5511547A (en) 1994-02-16 1996-04-30 Biomedical Sensors, Ltd. Solid state sensors
DE4415984A1 (de) 1994-05-06 1995-11-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Halbleitersensor mit Schutzschicht
US5494562A (en) 1994-06-27 1996-02-27 Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp. Electrochemical sensors
FR2722294B1 (fr) 1994-07-07 1996-10-04 Lyon Ecole Centrale Procede d'analyse qualitative et/ou quantitative de substances biologiques presentes dans un milieu liquide conducteur et capteurs biochimiques d'affinite utilises pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US5454373A (en) 1994-07-20 1995-10-03 Boston Scientific Corporation Medical acoustic imaging
US5580699A (en) 1994-08-16 1996-12-03 Ventritex, Inc. Method for manufacturing implantable cardiac defibrillation electrodes using a laser beam material removal process
US5624537A (en) 1994-09-20 1997-04-29 The University Of British Columbia - University-Industry Liaison Office Biosensor and interface membrane
NL9401690A (nl) 1994-10-13 1996-05-01 Industrial Res Bv In een lichaamsvat implanteerbare stent.
US5823957A (en) 1994-10-17 1998-10-20 Biofield Corp D.C. biopotential sensing electrode and electroconductive medium for use therein
IL115756A0 (en) 1994-10-27 1996-01-19 Medinol Ltd Stent fabrication method
US5623275A (en) 1994-10-31 1997-04-22 Miller; Paul A. Articulated message display matrix
US5488957A (en) 1994-11-21 1996-02-06 General Electric Company System and method for promoting adhesion between lens and matching layer of ultrasonic transducer
US5676820A (en) 1995-02-03 1997-10-14 New Mexico State University Technology Transfer Corp. Remote electrochemical sensor
US5550790A (en) 1995-02-10 1996-08-27 Kistler-Morse Corporation Acoustic transducer for level measurement in corrosive chemical environments
US5564434A (en) * 1995-02-27 1996-10-15 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable capacitive absolute pressure and temperature sensor
DE19507107C1 (de) * 1995-03-01 1996-08-14 Meinhard Prof Dr Knoll Implantierbares Sensorsystem zur Bestimmung von Stoffkonzentrationen in lebenden Organismen
US5786439A (en) 1996-10-24 1998-07-28 Minimed Inc. Hydrophilic, swellable coatings for biosensors
US5561522A (en) 1995-03-27 1996-10-01 Alliedsignal Inc. Integrated birefringent-biased pressure and temperature sensor system
US5606974A (en) 1995-05-02 1997-03-04 Heart Rhythm Technologies, Inc. Catheter having ultrasonic device
US5744902A (en) 1995-05-16 1998-04-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Chemical and biological sensor based on microresonators
US5630844A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-05-20 Novamed Medical Products Manufacturing, Inc. Biocompatible hydrophobic laminate with thermoplastic elastomer layer
WO1996041654A1 (en) 1995-06-12 1996-12-27 Cordis Webster, Inc. Catheter with an electromagnetic guidance sensor
US5600071A (en) 1995-09-05 1997-02-04 Motorola, Inc. Vertically integrated sensor structure and method
US5695155A (en) 1995-09-21 1997-12-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Resonator-based, surface-condition sensor
US5711861A (en) 1995-11-22 1998-01-27 Ward; W. Kenneth Device for monitoring changes in analyte concentration
US5776324A (en) 1996-05-17 1998-07-07 Encelle, Inc. Electrochemical biosensors
US5814526A (en) 1996-06-14 1998-09-29 Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation Method of forming a DRAM stacked capacitor with a two step ladder storage node
US5767687A (en) 1996-11-29 1998-06-16 Geist; Jon Surface-capacitor type condensable-vapor sensor
WO1998029030A1 (en) 1997-01-03 1998-07-09 Biosense Inc. Pressure-sensing stent
US5759364A (en) 1997-05-02 1998-06-02 Bayer Corporation Electrochemical biosensor
US5766956A (en) 1997-05-27 1998-06-16 American Research Corporation Diode laser-based chemical and biological sensor
US5867886A (en) 1997-10-20 1999-02-09 Delco Electronics Corp. Method of making a thick film pressure sensor
SG71881A1 (en) 1998-01-08 2000-04-18 Microsense Cardiovascular Sys Method and device for fixation of a sensor in a bodily lumen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2220749C2 (ru) 2004-01-10
EE200000306A (et) 2001-04-16
HK1036394A1 (en) 2002-01-04
EP1068836A3 (en) 2002-01-02
SK10302000A3 (sk) 2001-03-12
CA2313859A1 (en) 2001-01-16
AU779088B2 (en) 2005-01-06
EP1068836A2 (en) 2001-01-17
GB2355532B (en) 2003-04-30
GB2355532A (en) 2001-04-25
AU4383700A (en) 2001-01-18
IL137231A0 (en) 2001-07-24
NO20003608D0 (no) 2000-07-13
GB0016865D0 (en) 2000-08-30
CA2313859C (en) 2003-01-14
CN1293348A (zh) 2001-05-02
MXPA00006966A (es) 2004-10-15
SG83801A1 (en) 2001-10-16
WO2001005301A2 (en) 2001-01-25
PL341197A1 (en) 2001-01-29
JP2001061790A (ja) 2001-03-13
WO2001005301A3 (en) 2001-05-10
KR20010049758A (ko) 2001-06-15
NO20003608L (no) 2001-01-17
AU5703700A (en) 2001-02-05
US6331163B1 (en) 2001-12-18
DE10033943A1 (de) 2001-02-08
AR024750A1 (es) 2002-10-23
BR0002803A (pt) 2001-03-13
KR100397197B1 (ko) 2003-09-13
DE10033943B4 (de) 2004-04-29
NZ505711A (en) 2002-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1144570C (zh) 身体传感器的保护层
AU2018286600B2 (en) Method of detecting portal and/or hepatic pressure and a portal hypertension monitoring system
JP5291931B2 (ja) 共振センサを保護する方法及びオープン保護共振センサ
US6182341B1 (en) Method of manufacturing an improved coupling of acoustic window and lens for medical ultrasound transducers
JP5092107B2 (ja) 共振センサを保護する方法及び保護共振センサ
CZ20002579A3 (cs) Ochranný potah pro tělní senzory
CN1223846A (zh) 在身体内腔固定传感器的方法和装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee