CN1147308A - 计算机化的股票交易系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及对计算机自动股票交易的改进,用带有鼠标和显示的图形用户界而来选择诸如股票代号、价格选择、定单数量和交易类型以及其它指示的参数,以把交易定单发送给股票交易计算机的定单输入系统,进一步的改进还包括一可编程的界面,用该界面可以从被格式化成一定单的电子表格中读取有关股票组的数据,并把该数据自动地或响应于操作者的信号进行发送,以基本上同时进行股票指数或者股票篮的交易。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在股票交易所进行股票买卖的自动装置。尤其涉及一种操作者可以对大量公司的股份同时进行转移的计算机软件和硬件。
背景技术
许多年来,股票交易所列出的股票的交易是由被称为交易员的人在股票交易所的交易大厅内进行的,并通过一些符号或文字形式来确认。一旦生效,以交付或者不交付股份证明的形式向买方和卖方的经纪人正式报告股份的交易或者转移。近年来,交易已经自动进行了,所以交易可以由交易员操作键盘,把必要的命令输入连接到股票交易所的主机上的终端或者具有终端仿真器的小型个人计算机来完成。有了这种自动系统,交易员可以输入一张买或卖的定单,该定单被传送给股票交易所的中央系统,在中央系统把它与另一个要卖或买同一股票的交易员配对,然后计算机向每个交易员确认交易完成,并在打印机上产生硬拷贝,以确认和报告该交易。
虽然计算机化的自动系统比交易大厅快得多,但它仍需要交易员用手键入要交易的各股票必须的数据和命令。根据终端上提供的信息,交易员/操作者必须输入公司股票代号、价格、交换、定单数量(the size of the order)和买、卖、套购套售(cross)或者卖空(short)交易股票的指令。
甚至可以在它们到达某一价格水平时自动地进行某些股票的交易。
然而,现代投资战略涉及到在一大组或者一“篮”(basket)所列的股票上进行投资,作为所有有价证券的一部分,它们是经战略性选择的,用以平衡成长潜力、收益产生和风险的避免。这些有价证券往往是由共同基金、银行、保险公司或者其它机构投资者持有,它们经常被交换,以调节影响成长、收益和风险诸因素间的平衡。
一些机构投资在诸如TSE35、TSE100、TSE300和美国的道-琼斯或者其它有代表性的有价证券等已建立的反映国家当前经济环境的股票综合上。在某些情况下,机构投资者将建立他们自已的股票集合,代表他们的投资战略和目的。这些可能是被投资管理者看重而优先采用的工业集团,诸如采矿公司、金融机构、制造业或者其它认为较优惠的集团。
这种在股票混合“篮”的投资战略的结果是,机构投资者常常增加或减少他们在股票篮或者指数的整个范围内的投资。因此这就需要大量的交易以进行一笔投资的移动。迄今为止,这是由交易员/操作者通过计算机终端在每笔股票上键人必要的交易。在有价证券包括例如100个股票表时,这是一个漫长的程序,事实上会出现这样的问题,即在键入各种定单的过程中许多股票的价格将变化,必须满足特定交易要求的原始条件可能不再出现。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种自动的计算机化的交易系统,在该系统中,交易员/操作者在键盘上进行一些输入就可以在数秒内自动地进行多种股票定单的输入。该交易方法是通过本发明来实现的,在本发明中,连续地监视股票表,把它们的价格记录在个人计算机的“电子表格格式(spreadsheet format)”上,并在屏幕上显示出来。当该股票表的组合价格与某一预定参数一致时,交易员可以执行必要的指令,在个人计算机(连接到股票交易所的大型计算机化的定单输入系统)上把该表变换成定单,计算机将立即处理该定单,并把它送至交易所的定单输入系统。因此,可以在价格或者其它条件改变之前在数秒种内进行包含不同数目(量)的各种股票篮的买卖。
用根据本发明编制的程序系统,能与股票交易所中央计算机通信的常规终端或者个人计算机可适合于读取、处理和对股票交易所的信息和/或对操作者的指令作出反应,并以上述的方式自动快速地进行多项交易。
附图概述
通过参照附图对一个实施例的描述,可以更好地理解本发明。
图1是与包含有显示屏和键盘的一系列终端或者个人计算机连接的股票交易主机的示意图;
图2是适用于执行单笔股票交易的图形用户界面;
图3是用于在一篮中包含各种数量的股票表进行多笔交易的图形用户界面;
图4是说明使用本系统的数据和命令的顺序和流程的示意框图。
本发明的实施方式
附图1所示的系统示出了大型计算机2用于处理所有与股票交易所列出的股票有关数据,诸如可能是TSE、VSE或者NYSE等。自出现了计算机化的交易,这些大型中央计算机被连接到在市内外的经纪人场所的各交易办公室内诸如4的各种终端上。通过各终端,交易员可以在显示屏8上检查数据,并在键盘6上输入必要的信息和指令,从而以自动等效于单笔交易大厅交易的方式买或卖(套购套售或者卖空)指定数量的特定股票。
在多伦多股票交易所里,这种网络被称为“CATS”,这是“计算辅助交易系统”的缩写,许多股票交易所现在都使用相似的系统。
图2示出了一种改进,它包含带有诸如CATS的网络的图形用户界面,它可以使交易员/操作者更快更有效地使用交易系统。
然而,以前,在可以把定单发出到中央处理单元之前,交易必需的数据(股票代号、数量、价格、买或卖等)必须在键盘上输入,并在屏幕区域10上显示出来,所以本发明可以使指令更快、更容易并且错误更少地输入。
在图2所示的实施例中,交易员/操作者可以在区域12输入代表股票的代号,接着在空白区14输入待完成的交易的价格(可以是选出的价格或者是从CATS数据得到的出价或者最新的价格)。然后可以在空白区16通过选择合适的标称数字1,000、5,000、10,000、50,000或者在框18内插入精确的数量来表示定单数量(或者交易量)。该界面提供的许多指令选择(诸如出价、报价、最新价、ID、数量、交易所、交易)可以不用键盘而用图1中以10所示的鼠标来输入,它用光标或指示器指向该命令。
在所示的实施例中,可以选择其它的信息,例如在区域20内选择适当的交易所、在区域22内选择交易类型、在区域24和26内选择买和卖ID等。界面提供的另一区域28包括向操作者提供辅助的数据库的各种信息。
为了进行各交易,操作者可以用鼠标或者结合使用鼠标和键盘输入必需的数据和命令,把交易快速地传送给股票交易所。
因此,用图2所示的界面,通过计算机辅助交易系统,单品种的股票交易可以更快更高效地进行。
本发明的第二个方面图示在图3中,它是一个再现的显示屏幕,是多股票交易系统的一部分。
用本发明的软件,图1所示的终端或个人计算机可以用于把系统的电子表格连接到股票交易所主机的数据库中,并在图3所示终端的显示屏的区域30上显示信息(包括代号、股票数据、出价、第一价和最新价)。为了进行股票指数或者股票定制篮(custom basket)交易,显示还包含有关包括在所示的指数或者篮中的股票的信息。然后系统向电子表格进行动态数据链接,使电子表格把股票表读到本发明的多定单交易系统中。在下一步中,系统捕获电子表格数据,把每种股票的价格和数量作为一变量,插入到预编程的命令表中。然后单击键把该表送到股票交易所的定单输入系统内。
因此,把每种股票和与其相关的数据输入到多定单输入系统,并在适当的时候,用适当的命令,在价格或其它准则变化之前,可以用单笔交易在几秒钟内处理整个篮。
因此,本发明不需要交易员/操作者输入每种股票和交易准则,因为改变价格和它们与交易准则的关系,在有100种股票左右的情况下,这是费时的,容易出错,并难以协调。
图3还示出了方框32,在该框中,可以通过键盘输入必要的命令。
在区域34中还示出了一串命令,它们可以通过鼠标或相似的设备快速地输入,包括待交易的股票篮的标志36、交易类型(买、卖、套购套售或卖空)、适当的买ID40或者卖ID42和价格(出价、报价或者最新价)44。当合适的命令已输入时,通过按下发送按钮46执行交易,篮中所有的股票几乎同时成交。
在所有情况下,提供了口令48输入,以提供保密措施,防止未经授权而使用,并提供了通常与图形用户界面相关联的其它功能。
因此,用本系统,可以把终端或者个人计算机用于从电子表格中捕获在所选出的股票表或者组中交易所必需所有数据,通过把该数据插入到已编程的系统命令中,可以把进行所有股票交易所必需的所有命令用单组信号送到股票交易所的定单输入系统内。
应当理解,本系统能以股票篮的形式进行交易,而不论它们与准则指数(例如TSE35或者TSE100)是否相关,或者为每个客户或由每个客户设计定制的篮,能进行快速的交易而不会有由于分别输入每笔股票交易时的时间延迟产生的复杂性。
图4是图示说明本发明如何使自动交易设施更快更高效地工作的方框图和流程图。在图中,股票交易所的主机或中央计算机用50图示,它包括股票报价机输入系统52,它连续地产生正在交易的各种股票的价格和数量的更新数据,并把更新的数据传送给服务器54,在服务器中存储该数据,并且与网络连接的任一终端都可以访问。如图1中所示,服务器上的信息被终端的电子表格56读取,该终端被设计成读取并显示指定的股票篮及与数量、出价、报价、最新价等相关数据。方块58表示本发明的多定单交易系统,它从电子表格读取数据,包括有关指定的股票篮的所有数据,把数据组织成适于自动交易的适当格式,并向股票交易所的中央计算机50的定单交易系统60发送多个定单。
有了用多定单发送器格式化后的数据,可以快速、简便、几乎没有错误并且在交易的准则或指令有效的时间帧内进行所有股票篮的交易。
通过提供这种诸如多定单发送器等能捕获电子表格上的所有数据、选择什么是需要的和把它组织成定单的形式的装置,本发明在包含有关于股票组的必要数据的电子表格与对那些股票进行交易的股票交易所的定单输入系统间架起了一座桥梁。
而且,因为它可以比操作者在键盘上更快更正确地使用和格式化数据,所以能在快速变化的时间和参数内以操作者不能实现的方式进行交易。因此,不仅仅对处理数据,它还能进行和控制股票交易。在这一方面,当某些准则满足时系统可以自动地使交易开始,或者当该准则满足时,可以把系统设计成产生一个信号,这样,交易员/操作者可以最后决定或者判断是否进行交易,然后可以在一旦作出决定后基本上同时进行交易。
一旦交易系统接收到定单输入,交易就完成,并且以通常的方式产生适当的记录和确认文件,而不需要交易员进一步动作。
当然,应当认识到,可以对所示实施例作各种改动和变化而不脱离此处所述的本发明的原理。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于计算机系统的控制系统,所述计算机系统具有从股票交易所的中央计算机接收电子表格的数据的装置、显示装置以及把定单传送给股票交易计算机的定单输入系统的装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置包含:
从所述电子表格读取所选的所述数据组的装置;
以股票交易计算机或者输入系统可以接收的方式格式化所述数据的装置;
把所述定单发送给股票交易计算机的定单输入系统的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其特征在于,所述发送装置响应于从所述电子表格读取的数据。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述发送所述定单装置响应于操作者的命令。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述读取装置、公式化装置和发送装置通过带有显示装置的图形用户界面和适合于与图形用户界面显示上所选的控制通信的鼠标进行操作。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,所述图形用户界面显示包括股票代号、价格选择、定单数量和交易类型的命令。
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CA002119921A CA2119921C (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-03-23 | Computerized stock exchange trading system |
CA2,119,921 | 1994-03-23 |
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EP (1) | EP0752135B1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN1147308A (zh) |
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BR (1) | BR9507141A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2119921C (zh) |
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CA2119921C (en) | 2009-09-29 |
MXPA96004198A (es) | 2004-08-19 |
ATE176535T1 (de) | 1999-02-15 |
NO963951D0 (no) | 1996-09-20 |
CA2119921A1 (en) | 1995-09-24 |
JPH10500788A (ja) | 1998-01-20 |
HU9602581D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
NO963951L (no) | 1996-11-21 |
EP0752135B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
EP0752135A1 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
WO1995026005A1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
BR9507141A (pt) | 1997-09-30 |
US6134535A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
HUT74896A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
AU1752095A (en) | 1995-10-09 |
DE69507693D1 (de) | 1999-03-18 |
DE69507693T2 (de) | 1999-09-16 |
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