CN1155290C - 电力系统保护继电器之间对输出状态指示进行通信的系统 - Google Patents

电力系统保护继电器之间对输出状态指示进行通信的系统 Download PDF

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CN1155290C
CN1155290C CNB97113054XA CN97113054A CN1155290C CN 1155290 C CN1155290 C CN 1155290C CN B97113054X A CNB97113054X A CN B97113054XA CN 97113054 A CN97113054 A CN 97113054A CN 1155290 C CN1155290 C CN 1155290C
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埃德蒙德·O·斯维则二世
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盖里·W·斯切尔
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/20—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using protection elements, arrangements or systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

Abstract

该通信系统包括把来自电力系统的以微处理器为基础的第一保护继电器的指示该继电器的操作的输出状态位直接发送到以微处理器为基础的第二姐妹继电器。每个继电器具有通过通信链路连接的发送模块和接收模块，在各自的继电器计算中借助发送模块和接收模块可利用各个继电器产生的逻辑输出位和输入位。

Description

电力系统保护继电器之间对输出状态 指示进行通信的系统
本发明一般性地涉及电力系统中保护继电器之间的数据通信，并且更具体地涉及这种继电器之间以数据位为形式的输出操作状态信息的通信。
电力系统一般包括传输线、配电线(distribution bus)和馈线的互连布局。这种系统需要多个位于整个系统的几个位置上的、与不同的电力线连接的保护继电器(relay)，以便提供全面的和可靠的故障保护。这种全面保护确保当在系统的一个部分里发生故障时，在修复该故障之前整个系统中只有一小部分不能提供服务。准确的故障指示以使不能服务的时间最短是保护系统的一个重要目标。
全面、可靠的保护系统要求各个继电器相互通信它们各自的监视操作的状态。在一种例子里，对于涉及到本地站和远程站的单根传输线，当本地站的继电器识别出故障时，本地站处的继电站必须能够和远程站处的继电器进行通信。为了做到这一点，利用表示本地站继电器产生的故障状态的作用状态信号设定本地继电器的输出触点，常规的通信设备感测输出触点的设定，从而沿数据链路对远程站处的类似通信设备提供一种指示，例如信号频率的变化。
远程站处的通信设备继而设定输出触点，其状态由远程继电器的输入感测能力识别。远程继电器接着利用该输入触点信息以及其它的输入信息(例如电力线上的电压值和电流值)进行它自己的计算。然后远程继电器适当地设置输出触点，并且通过通信设备把这些触点的状态通信回送给本地继电器。授于Cookson等人的美国4,551,718号专利中展示了这种站的一个例子。这种通信系统具有许多种商业实现方法。上述例子中在两个继电器之间往返通信的目的是为了识别和这两个继电器有关的故障的位置。这种良好保护所需的通信处理是耗时的并且需要大量昂贵的通信设备。
上述和特定故障条件有关的本地继电器及远程继电器通信的例子在用于和电力系统有关的各种控制及监视操作的继电器之间的其它几种不同的一对一(双向)、单向或三向通信要求中具有对应的相似情况。这种电力传输系统中保护继电器之间的通信结构的缺点是其造价昂贵，以及触点输出确定、感测及通信所需要的时间；总的来说，如果能够减小或者进而消除这些缺点，对于电力保护系统是有好处的。
因此，本发明是一种在电力系统中从第一保护继电器向第二保护继电器对输出位的状态进行通信的系统，其中继电器的输出位是在该第一继电器里的故障确定计算处理的结果，该结果可常规地用于设定所述第一继电器的输出触点，该系统包括：第一继电器处把要发送的输出状态位格式化成数据包的装置；用于沿通信链路直接把该数据包发送到所述第二继电器的装置；第二继电器处接收所述数据包、验证所述数据包的有效性以及然后把该数据包里的所述输出位用作为其自身的故障确定计算处理中的输入位的装置。
图1是电力系统中现有技术的继电器至继电器的数据通信结构的方块图。
图2是本发明的继电器至继电器的数据通信系统的简图。
图3表示图2的通信系统中用于在电力系统的保护继电器之间传输的数据的结构。
图4表示图2的通信系统中所使用的完全数据包。
图5是图2的通信系统的软件流程图。
图1表示用于和传输线10一起使用的电力系统保护继电器的现有通信系统，其包括两个保护继电器12和14，继电器12和本地源16关联而继电器14和远程源18关联。电路断路器20和22分别和这两个继电器关联。每个继电器各具有它自己的相关通信设备21和23，另外一个触点输入/输出电路通过相关的通信设备和各个继电器连接。这些电路分别示意性地在25和27处表示，尽管它们可以是继电器的一部分或者是通信设备的一部分。通信链路29连接这两个通信设备。
为了确定线路10上出现的故障的位置，两个继电器12和14之间的通信是重要的。例如，如果故障位于两个继电器之间两个继电器最终会释放(它们应该释放)，然而如果故障位于本地继电器12的后面则继电器14不应该释放它的电路断路器22。为了实现这种所需的结果，当继电器12识别出在其保护区域内的线路10上的故障时，它向远程继电器14发送该识别的指示。继电器14在它自己的各逻辑计算操作中使用该指示，各逻辑计算操作中包括着所测量到的和它自己的保护区域有关的线路电压及电流。
这种双向通信产生电力系统的可靠和安全保护。此外，这种通信结构对于以微处理器为基的继电器是常见的。在这种继电器里，计算造成产生输出函数位或变量，其中位用于确定指示特定状态(例如出现故障)的存在的选定输出触点。继电器上通常数量为几个的各个输出触点的状态由和该继电器相关的通信设备监视；当识别出继电器12的一个输出触点21的状态改变时，通信设备25沿通信链路29把指示该输出触点的状态的信号发送给与其姐妹继电器14相关的通信设备27。
典型通信设备的例子是释放及保护声频音调信道设备。通信链路29可以是微波、音频、光纤或者某种其它链路。对应地，远程继电器14中产生的输出操作指示用于设定它自己的输出触点组，其自身的通信设备27对该设定做出响应并且进而把这些指示通信到本地继电器的通信设备25，后者接着相应地感测其输入触点组21的落实。
上述的例子涉及二个保护继电器之间的双向通信。如果通信布局涉及到三个继电器，则设备必须提供三个继电器中每个继电器之间的通信。
应该理解，在电力系统中二个或三个继电器之间的双向、三向以及某些情况下的单向继电器通信具有广泛的不同用途。具体的例子包括允许地过延伸(over-reaching)转接释放(POTT)、允许欠延伸(under-reaching)转接释放(PUTT)、方向比较接通(DCUB)、方向比较阻断(DCB)以及直接转接释放应用等。可能还有电力线上几个保护继电器之间的单向通信，所有的这些单向通信都馈送到保护配电线的一个继电器上。这种配电线结构允许配电线上的该保护继电器有效地分析其整个配电系统里的各继电器的状态和作用。
从而，在典型的电力系统里，为了实现上述的通信作用必须提供大量的数据通信设备和数据链路。但是，如上面指出的那样，这种通信设备是昂贵的，并且还在继电器处理操作中造成时间延迟。这种时间延迟是显著的，因为大多数固态、以微处理器为基础的保护继电器以线路电压及电流的周期的1/4、1/8或者1/16为基础实时地处理和监视电力信号。例如，如果电力系统以60Hz的频率运行，一个周期的1/16约为1.08微秒。因此，大约每一微秒进行一次计算以及其它的监视操作。需要一种通信系统其在速度上是和继电器的采样及计算操作的速度相差不大的。
图2简单化地说明本发明的继电器至继电器的通信系统。在图2中，部分地显示两个继电器30和32，它们分别带有释放部件34和36。这些释放部件的输出是一个输出操作状态位或一个变量，其在各个继电器内的电容器38和40上表现为一个输出位。在图1的现有系统中，如果继电器30在图2中所示的结构下已经产生释放指示位，该输出状态位应该用于设定继电器30里的一个输出触点。接着如为图1所解释的那样该设定得到使用。
但是，在本发明的系统里，来自继电器30的原始输出状态指示或位经继电器30里的发送模块42沿通信信道42直接发送给远程继电器32里的接收模块46。然后接收到的位和其它的数据输入由继电器32直接用到它自己的逻辑运算中，以确定是否应该发出继电器32处的本地释放。相反地，远程继电器32生成的输出状态操作位由它的发送模块48发送给继电器30里的接收模块50，接着继电器30利用该信息以及其它的输入进行逻辑运算。
这样，在本发明中，具有上述通信能力的每个继电器利用来自电力系统信号的以电压及电流数据为形式的自身的输入信息以及接收到来自其姐妹继电器和可能来自其它继电器与其它设备的其它输入信息进行连续计算并且产生保护操作。如果指示对它相关的电路断路器进行释放，则产生一个操作状态位或输出位，并接着把该位直接发送给它的姐妹继电器，后者把该信息作为自己的一种输入从执行它自己的连续运算及监视操作，并且当指示时产生释放信号。前面系统中各个继电器处所存在的输出触点组、输入触点组以及通信设备在本发明的系统里已全部取消。在本系统里，由两个继电器直接使用各个继电器产生的输出操作状态位。
图3表示所述实施方式中两个继电器之间通信使用的数据位的结构。发送的数据包括八个可能的连续位，各位用TMB1至TMB8表示，用于发送“镜象”位1-8。这些连续位中的各个位表示给定继电器的一种输出操作的输出状态。在前面的系统里，例如，则应该存在八个输出触点，每个输出触点代表继电器的一种独立操作的逻辑输出状态。经过连接这两个继电器的一条数据信道传送该位序列。数据信道可以具有不同的实现方式，例如，包括微波、光纤或者射频信道。每个继电器进而还具有一个常规的接口部件，对继电器和数据信道进行接口。
为了接收“镜象”位1-8，在另一继电器处接收到的八个数据位称为RMB1至RMB8。使用术语“镜象”以表示接收端的位和发送端的位相同。不过，TMB和RMB命名是任意的并且可以改变。此外，尽管本发明采用总数为8个的输出状态数据位或变量，根据采用的特定继电器以及通信要求，可以使用不同的数量。
典型地，在双继电器通信布局中，实际需要二位或者也许三位。例如，对于双端，A、B和C相位需要单个极释放输出状态操作即“关键”位，该位代表输出操作状态。在这种应用中从而不使用剩余的位空间。特定结构中所需的位数取决于继电器提供的具体功能并取决于把和这些操作相关的输出状态通信到姐妹继电器的要求。
因为本发明使用的继电器通常是以微处理器为基础的继电器，这种继电器可以存在用于继电器操作设定的可编程能力。继电器的可编程特性可允许操作者配置或者设定每个输入或输出元件/操作的用途，从而配置或者设定与继电器的监视能力有关的各输入和输出位的用途。例如，一个继电器可以编程为其输出状态变量组遵循用于确定该继电器操作的已编程的组选择设定，而另一个继电器可以把它的组选择设定对应于来自第一个继电器的具体接收位。从而另一个继电器将改变设定组以和第一继电器中选定的设定组匹配，对于在运行期间系统以一种已知的方式监视状态变化的情况，这样做是有好处的。
从而，当继电器具有可编程能力时，可以为上述的通信结构以及为继电器运行的其它方面采用可编程逻辑。典型地，设定命令是经过终端或个人计算机的串行端口提供的，或者可以经过前面板控制键提供，也可以通过这两种方式的组合提供。
上述所述的通信系统的另一个重要方面是传送数据的可靠性，即传送数据的安全性。典型的数据传送中将带有各种有效性校验。在图4中表示有效性校验系统的一个例子。在图4中，传送数据的八位划分成二个独立的字节62和64，它们一起形成单个数据包。每个字节总共由八位组成，每个字节的前两位是一个标志，它指示存在正在传送的数据包。从而，字节62的前二位是字节标志63。第一字节62的剩余六位是实际数据的前六位。第二字节的前二位构成第二字节标志65(它指示第二字节的存在)，之后跟着传送数据的第七位和第八位，然后再跟着四位，它们构成来自循环冗余检验(CRC)功能66的循环冗余检验。
必须在规定时间内部接收到的具有各自字节标志以及具有循环冗余检验的两个字节62、64的组合为数据包的传送提供所需的安全性。但是，应该理解，可以采用其它的数据传送安全技术。安全性提供对于错误数据的抗扰性，错误数据可能来源于噪声突发的形式或者来源于其它干扰。
图5表示用于控制输出状态变量组(位)通信的基本软件流程图。通信是实时进行的，该处理具有一个起点，如块60处所示。块62表示对从电力系统得到的电压和电池数据的收集及初步处理。块64表示从其它硬件收集输入数据，而块66表示从姐妹继电器收集输入位，这些位已由接收继电器的接收模块存储。这些位根据其它位变换或者设置。
接着接收继电器利用收集的模拟数据以及包括来自其姐妹继电器的输入位在内的其它输入数据进行它的保护临视以及计算操作，如块68中所示。另外，如上面所说明的那样，根据继电器中建立的可编程逻辑可对数据进行不同的逻辑方程推算，如块70中所示。接着把以输出位为形式的计算结果发送给该继电器的发送模块，如块72中所示。如果如块74中所示，现在为发送的恰当时间，则如块76中所示把数据发送到其姐妹继电器。当数据传送结束时，重新开始处理。这是按固定的规定间隔发生的，例如做为例子每电力系统周期的1/16一次。
这样，公开电力传输系统中保护继电器之间一种新的通信结构，这种结构取消了大量的常规硬件，从而明显地降低了整个系统的成本。这种通信系统可以用于二个或更多的继电器之间的双向布局，或者可以用于多个继电器和另一个继电器之间的单向布局，例如多个保护继电器和单个总线继电器的通信。
尽管出于说明的目的公开了本发明的最佳实施方式，应该理解在不违背后面的权利要求书中所规定的本发明的精神的前提下可以对该实施方式引入不同的修改、改进及替换。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于在电力系统中把第一保护继电器(30)的输出位(TMB1-8)的状态通信到第二个保护继电器(32)的系统，其中继电器的输出位(TMB 1-8)是在该第一继电器(30)中的故障确定运算处理的结果，常规中该结果用于设置所述第一继电器中的输出触点，常规中所述输出触点的状态通信到第二保护继电器(32)，其特征在于该系统包括：
第一继电器处的用于把所述输出位(TMB 1-8)格式化为数据包的装置，所述输出位表示故障确定运算处理的结果；
用于把所述数据包沿通信链路(44)发送到所述第二继电器(32)的装置，使得第一继电器中的故障确定运算处理的结果以输出位的形式通信到第二继电器，而不使用第一继电器(30)中的输出触点；以及
第二继电器处的用于接收所述数据包、验证所述数据包的有效性、从所述数据包获得被发送的输出位以及接着在其自己的故障确定运算处理中利用所述获得的输出位(TMB 1-8)作为输入位(RMB 1-8)的装置。
2.权利要求1的系统，其中通信为电力传输线上两个继电器(30，32)之间的双向通信。
3.权利要求1的系统，其中所述第一继电器(30)位于电力线上而通信是单向的朝向位于电力系统的上游部分的第二继电器(32)。
4.权利要求1的系统，包括被发送数据包内的装置，用于验证数据包内数据的有效性。
5.权利要求4的系统，其中数据的有效性是以数据包中附加位(66)的形式表达的。
6.权利要求1的系统，其中发送装置包括发送模块(42)，并且其中接收装置包括接收及存储被发送数据的接收模块(46)。
7.权利要求1的系统，包括用于对所述保护继电器进行编程的装置以实现所选择的监视功能，其中所述输出位表示所述监视功能的结果。
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