CN1177266C - 工业过程中现场的过程设备及其形成方法 - Google Patents
工业过程中现场的过程设备及其形成方法Info
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Abstract
一个过程设备(32)适合于连接到一个过程控制回路(36),并在过程控制回路上通信。在过程控制回路(36)的通信是按照网际协议进行的。还提供了过程通信设备(34),器连接到过程控制回路(36)和因特网(42)。过程通信设备(34)向引特网(42)提供从过程控制回路(36)接收的过程控制信息。反过来,过程通信设备(34)还过程控制回路(36)提供从因特网(42)接收的信息。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及流体过程控制行业。更具体地说,本发明涉及使用于过程控制工业的现场设备和那些现场设备的通信方式。
背景技术
现场设备例如变送器被使用于过程控制工业以遥测过程变量。现场设备例如传动器被用于过程控制工业以遥控一个过程的物理参数,例如流动速度、温度等等。过程变量可以从一个现场设备例如从变送器传送到一个控制室,用于向一个控制器提供有关的处理过程。然后一个控制器可以传送控制信息到一个现场设备例如一传动器,以改变该过程的参数。例如,与过程流体的压力有关的信息可以被传送到一个控制室并且用于控制一个处理过程例如油的提炼。
过程变量变送器用于监视与流体有关的过程变量,例如在化学、制浆、石油、气体、制药、食物和其他流体处理工厂中的浆体、液体、汽化物和气体。过程变量包括压力、温度、流量、水平、PH值、传导率、混浊度、密度、浓度、化学的成分和其它流体属性。过程传动器包括控制阀门、泵、加热器、搅拌器、冷却器、螺线管、通风孔和其他流体控制装置。
一个用于传送信息的典型的在先技术包括控制流动通过一个过程控制回路的电流量。电流是从控制室中的电流源提供的,而变送器控制来自现场中它的位置的电流。例如,一个4mA(毫安)信号可用于显示一个零读数,而一个20mA信号可用于显示一个满刻度读数。
近来,变送器已经使用数字电路,其利用数字信号与控制器通信,数字信号是重叠在流动通过过程控制回路的模拟电流信号上。这样的技术的一个例子是Hart基金会HART通信协议。HART协议和其他这样的通信协议典型情况下包括一组命令或者指令,它们可以被发送给现场设备以引起一个所期望的响应,比如设备控制或者询问。
另外一个通信协议,现场总线(Fieldbus)由基金会TM现场总线提出,并是要定义一种通信层或者通信协议用于在一个过程控制回路上传送信息。现场总线通信协议规范是ISA-S50.01-1992,由美国仪器协会在1992发布的。现场总线是一种过程工业通信协议,它在位于明尼苏达州,Eden Prairie的,罗斯蒙德公司的“理解现场总线技术的基础TM现场总线技术的概述”(1998)中有描述。一些可以与现场总线相比较的通信协议包括控制器区域网络(CAN),Lonworks,以及Profibus。在现场总线通信协议中,流动通过过程控制回路的电流未用于传送模拟信号。改为,全部信息是数字化传送的。此外,现场总线通信协议允许现场设备将被配置成一个多次下降结构,在其中有一个以上的现场设备被连接在同一过程控制回路上。
HART通信协议等更新的现场总线通信协议在过程控制回路上的通信处理信息方面已经是相对地有效的。当前的过程控制系统通常包括结合到一给定的过程控制回路的许多现场设备和传动器,该过程控制回路依次连接到一控制器。如果需要在一个企业范围的层次上提供过程控制信息,例如在整个公司的各处,那么该控制器本身被连接到企业范围的数据网络,例如以太网数据网络,而且控制器向该企业提供有关该过程的信息。
发明内容
本发明包括一个过程设备,其适合于连结到一个过程控制回路并在该过程控制回路上通信。在该过程控制回路上的通信是根据因特网(Internet)协议完成的。
提供了一个过程通信设备,其适合于连结到一个过程控制回路以及因特网。过程通信设备向因特网提供从过程控制回路收到的过程控制信息。反过来,过程通信设备又向过程控制回路提供从因特网收到的信息。
本发明提供一种适合于连接到一个流体过程控制回路的过程设备,该设备包括:
回路接口电路,其适合于连接到过程控制回路以在过程控制回路上发送和接收回路信号;
处理器电路,其连接到适合于向回路接口电路提供因特网兼容的数据的回路接口电路,用于在过程控制回路上传输;
一个存储器,其连接到处理器并且适合于存储与因特网通信有关联的数据;
其中还包括:
调节器电路,它用从过程控制回路接收的电力为整个设备提供电力;
其中回路接口电路被设置成接收来自过程控制回路的包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包,并且在过程控制回路上发送包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包;
其中所述的电力是通过传输所述数据包的所述过程控制回路传送的。
本发明还提供了一种用于形成上面所述的过程设备的方法,该方法包括步骤:
使过程设备的回路接口电路适合于连接到过程控制回路;
将回路接口电路连接到过程控制回路;
将处理器电路适合于接收传感器输出,并连接到适合于向回路接口电路提供因特网兼容的数据的回路接口电路;
将存储器连接到处理器电路,存储器中存储有所述过程设备的因特网地址,所述因特网地址至少包括每组至少八位的四组数据;
使处理器电路适合于向回路接口电路提供因特网兼容数据,用于在过程控制回路上传输;其特征在于使存储器适合于存储与因特网通信相关的数据;
在过程设备内设置调节器电路,它用从过程控制回路接收的电力为整个过程设备提供电力;
其中将回路接口电路设置成接收来自过程控制回路的包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包,并且在过程控制回路上发送包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包;
通过传输所述数据包的所述过程控制回路传送所述的电力。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的一个过程控制系统的系统方块图。
图2是本发明实施例的一个过程设备的系统方块图。
图3是本发明实施例的一个过程设备的剖面图。
图4是本发明实施例的一个过程设备的剖面图。
图5是本发明实施例的一个过程设备的剖面图。
图6利用软件实现本发明的实施例的一序列处理过程步骤的流程图。
图7是根据本发明实施例的一个数据结构的概略视图。
图8是根据本发明实施例的一过程通信装置的系统方块图。
优选的实施例的详细描述
图1是显示出本发明一个实施例的外界环境的过程控制系统的一个系统方块图。过程控制系统30包括通过过程控制回路36连接到一个过程通信设备34的过程设备32。过程通信设备34通过通信链路40、因特网42和节点链路44连接到计算机38(也称作客户节点38)。过程通信设备34可以布置在提供真正的安全屏障的一个控制室中,其符合1988年10月由工厂共有研究机构(Factory Mutual Research)发布的,正式批准的真正的安全装置和关联的装置的标准,用在分类I、II和III,HAZARDOUS(分类的)位置分区1,分类号3610中。
流体处理环境是过程设备例如变送器和传动器的一种特殊的应用,因为在这些环境中可能存在汽化物,其可能被足够大的能量的电火花点燃以点燃汽化物。相应地,在流体处理环境中典型情况下通信总线的能量是有限的。多个冗余电路被用于确保在总线上的能级低于安全的能量水平,所以他们无法造成易燃的汽化物的点燃,甚至在故障状态之下也是如此。变送器和传动器是限制能量的。经过流体处理环境的安全的区域到外部装备例如控制室装备的总线通常经过能量限制的障碍,以使流体处理环境外部的一个故障无法在时常爆炸的流体处理环境内引起火花。具有在故障状态下可以产生火花的较高电平信号电势的总线经常是不允许经过或者连在流体处理环境中的装备上的。因此,一个典型的因特网连接,比如通信链路40或者节点链路44通常是从流体处理环境中排除的,因为它的物理层缺乏电能限制安全特性。在某些情况下,防爆建筑和导管被用于容纳高能量或者功率电路以提供能量限制。
过程设备32被连接到一个过程流体容器例如图1所示的管道46。过程设备是即可涉及到过程参数的一个信号或者是对过程参数中的变化起响应作用的任何设备。同样地,过程设备32可以侦测过程变量,例如在一个过程容器例如管道46中的压力、温度或水平。此外,过程设备32也可以是控制过程变量例如流体流量或温度的传动器,或者是监视过程操作或发送与过程控制回路上的过程相关的信息的一个设备。
过程控制回路36连接过程设备32到过程通信器件34并且向过程器件32提供激励电流。过程控制回路可以是其中两个或者更多的导线为该回路上的设备提供通信。同样地,过程控制回路36可以是按照如下协议的一个过程控制回路,如低速现场总线协议(H1),高速现场总线协议(H2),HART通信协议,或其它在过程控制回路上提供数字信息传输的相配的通信协议。
过程通信设备34连接到通信链路40。通信链路40可以是任何适当的数据连接,比如以太网数据连接(由电气和电子学工程师协会发布的IEEE 802.3所确定的),或者点对点串行调制解调器连接。如将在稍后详细描述的,过程通信设备34适合于在过程控制回路36上和在通信链路40上通信。同样地,当过程通信装置34接收来自通信链路40的数据时,过程通信设备34将这样的数据放置在过程控制回路36上。反过来,当过程通信装置34接收到来自两线过程控制回路36的过程控制数据时,过程通信设备34将这样的数据放置在通信链路40上。
如在图1看到的,通信链路40被连接到因特网42。因特网42是两个或者更多连接在一起的数据网络的任何组合。例如,因特网42可以是公用因特网,或者因特网42也可以是专用的、企业内部互联网。因特网42通过节点链路44连接到客户机节点38。与通信链路40一样,节点链路44可以是任一适当的连接物链路连接,例如以太网连接,或者点对点串行调制调解器连接。
如将在本说明书中稍后详细描述的,设备32、34、38适合于因特网通信;这样的因特网匹配的一例子包括通常所说的传输控制协议/网际协议(也被称作TCP/IP)的网际协议组的使用。传输控制协议/网际协议在一种已知的网际协议组,它通常用于在公众因特网上的数据通信。TCP/IP网际协议组的一个简短的教程可以从网络工作站如RFC1180中获得,其是1991年1月公布的。
当设备32、34和38适合于使用传输控制协议/网际协议用于因特网通信时,经过向过程设备32中的一个的因特网地址发送一个过程信息请求,客户节点38可以存取过程设备32。通过识别方法,信息请求最终经过因特网到达进程通信设备34。过程通信设备34将该请求变换为适合于在过程控制回路36传送的一个形式,而且根据包含在这个请求中的目的地信息将这个请求发送到正确的过程设备。
该请求被目标过程设备32收到,它通过通信链路40、因特网42与节点链路44,应答的提供过程控制信息回到客户节点38。这个过程控制信息可以是合乎超级文本传递协议或者任何其他适合的协议的。超级文本传递协议已经被全球网全球信息从1990年开始使用。反映这个议定书的公共用途的一个详细说明可以从网络工作组如RFC:1945获得。
与超级文本传递协议匹配的数据可以包括例如超文本标识语言命令,Java小应用程序,信息,或者ActiveX数据。那些在本领域中的熟练者从图1和关联论述中将理解,过程设备32可以充当对于客户节点38的Web服务器。此外,客户机节点38可以通过工业标准化Web浏览器软件,比如可从微软公司得到的Internet Explorer浏览器,存取过程设备32。
图2是根据本发明实施例的一过程通信装置48的系统方块图。根据连接到过程设备48的变换器的类型,过程设备48可以是一个过程可变的变送器或者一个过程致动器。过程变量变送器被用于监控与流体相关的变量,这些流体有在化学、制浆、石油,气体、药剂、食物和其他流体加工厂中的稀浆、液体、汽化物和气体。过程变量包括压力、温度、流量、水平、PH值、传导率、混浊、密度、浓度化学组成成分和其他流体属性。过程设备48包括调节器电路68,包括回路接口电路70的通信整机电路67,处理器电路66和存储器62,以及变换器电路63。变换器电路63连接到一个变换器65,变换器65即可以是过程设备48的一部分,也可以是由一个短的电缆外部的连接。流体变换器65转换一个流体显示的性质。变换器65可以是一个传感器或者也可以是一个致动器。电路,例如回路接口电路70,可以是任何有关电的结构(硬件,软件或者两者的组合),其被安排为产生一个给定的结果。
调节器电路68可以是任何电路,其利用从过程控制回路72收到的功率向过程设备48的不同的组件供电。调节器电路68可以是任何电路,其适合于连接到过程控制回路72,以利用从过程控制回路72收到的功率给过程设备48供电。事实上,调节器电路68甚至可以对过程设备48的所有的电的组件供电。同样地,调节器电路68被连接到回路接口电路70、处理器电路66和储存器62,以对那些分别的电路提供电力。
回路接口电路70可以是适合于在过程控制回路上数字通信的任何电路。通过回路接口电路70,过程设备48适合的连接到过程控制回路72,以便向过程控制回路72发送回路信号和从过程控制回路72接收回路信号。例如,如果过程设备48是按照一个现场总线通信协议运转,那么回路接口电路70是适合于在过程控制回路72上发送和接收现场总线数据信息包。
存储器62可以是具有多于一个状态的任何结构,并且既可以是永久地也可以是选择的保持在任一状态,例如电的、磁性的等等。存储器62可操作的连接到处理器电路66。存储器可以储存过程信息、通信信息、设备状态信息或者将由处理器电路66执行的程序步骤的顺序。此外,存储器62可以包含提供随机访问或者只读访问的部分。另外,存储器62可以是电可擦除的,例如电可擦除的可编程的只读存储器。存储器62为过程设备48存储表示因特网地址的数据。
过程设备48适合于变换一种流体属性并且通过一个流体处理过程环境(图1)与一个远程位置就有关该流体属性的过程控制信息进行通信。变换器电路63适合于连接到流体变换器65并且连接到处理器电路66或来自处理器电路66的表示变换的流体属性的一个信号,处理器电路66将该信号传递到通信整机电路67或从通信整机电路67传递该信号。通信整机电路67适合于连接到经过流体处理环境的限制能量的通信总线72。通信整机电路在通信总线上传达与变换的流体属性有关联的过程控制信息。连接到通信整机电路的存储器62适合于存储表示识别过程设备地址的数据。储存的地址数据代表因特网地址,通信整机电路以限制能量的形式向限制能量的通信总线传达伴随有表示因特网地址的数据的过程控制信息。在存储器62中储存的表示因特网地址的数据可以储存作为它本身的因特网地址、作为指示在另一设备中储存的过程设备的因特网地址的数据,或者作为通过它可以估计它的地址的数据,或者储存一个请求的地址的其他方便的方法。这个独有的安排允许过程设备48以能量限制方式,在总线72上安全地通信,通信中包括表示该设备48的因特网地址的数据。当该总线经过一未保护的区域时,该地址在流体处理区域外面对于与没有能量限制的特性的因特网通信是直接可用的。
处理器电路66可以包含在分立的电路、微处理器、可编程逻辑阵列或者任何其它适当的装置中。处理器电路66可工作地连接到回路接口电路70和存储器62中。处理器电路66可以适合于来自变换器电路63的一个传感器输出,其表示一个过程变量。处理器电路66适合于向回路接口电路70传送数据和从回路接口电路70接收数据,这些数据是适合于因特网传送的。
图3是根据本发明实施例的一过程设备49的剖面图。过程设备49是与过程设备32(图1所示)一个类型的。-过程设备49可以构造成将适合于危险的环境。同样地,按照在上面规定的真正的安全标准,或者按照由工厂共有研究机构1989年三月发布的用于防爆电设备通用要求的正式批准的标准,过程设备可以是真正的安全的或者防爆的。因此,这样的一个过程设备可以适合于在危险的环境中的操作。
过程设备49包括壳体50,其与盖子52合作装入变送器电子装置56。过程设备49还包括传感器单元64,其适合于连接到一个过程并且与一个过程变量有关联的一输出。在某些实施例中,传感器单元64可以布置在过程设备49的外部。传感器单元64可以是连接到一个物理过程并且提供与一个过程变量有关联的电的输出的任何一个系统。传感器单元64可以包括一个过程传感器,例如一个压力传感器,以及传感器电路,例如可以提供如信号线性化等特性的电路61。传感器单元64连接到变送器电子部件56的处理器66。
在本发明的一个实施例中,至少在处理器电路66和回路接口电路70之间传输的部分数据是基于超文本传输协议的。
在本发明的另一实施例中,存储器62储存因特网地址数据,因特网地址数据在因特网上是唯一地识别过程设备49的。地址数据可以包括至少四组数据,其中每一组至少有八比特。这样一个地址可以用与它的十进制等同对应的每个比特组表示。例如,一因特网地址可以是201.138.92.5,其可能相对应于一命名为“Rosemount.com”的电脑。然而应该注意到,因特网地址可以包括另外的地址信息,例如子网屏蔽地址等等。
在这个实施例中,在过程控制回路72适合于因特网寻址的情形中,过程设备49是特别有用的。因此,代替含有过程控制回路源和目的地地址,过程控制回路信息包将具有源互连网地址和目的地互连网地址。在这样的情况中,处理器电路66与回路接口电路70合作以便选择的与过程控制回路数据信息包交互作用,该过程控制回路数据信息包具有与在存储器62中储存的因特网地址匹配的一因特网地址。一个信息包是一组数字信息,例如一系列数字位。
在本发明的另一实施例中,存储器62存储合乎超文本标识语言的数据。存储器62连接到处理器电路66,以致处理器电路66从存储器62向回路接口电路70选择的提供超文本标识语言。
在这个实施例中,过程控制设备49是有益于向过程控制回路72发送超文本标识语言数据和从过程控制回路72接受超文本标识语言数据。
在本发明的另一实施例中,处理器电路66适合于根据网际协议格式化从传感器单元64收到的传感器输出。网际协议可以是任何适当的网际协议,例如由因特网工程任务组在1981年9月发布的RFC:791中说明的网际协议。处理器电路66提供因特网格式的传感器输出到回路接口电路70,然后回路接口电路70更进一步格式化因特网格式的传感器输出用于在过程控制回路72上传输。
例如,传感器输出可以是表示过程变量的一个字节的数字信息。那么处理器电路66可以将表示传感器输出字节将移动到那里的因特网地址的附加的数字信息与这字节压缩在一起。因特网地址和数据字节的组合可以当做一因特网数据信息包,其是由处理器电路66向回路接口电路70提供的。回路接口电路70接收数据信息包并且格式化数据信息包用于在过程控制回路72上传输,过程控制回路72可以是一个现场总线过程控制回路。同样地,在这个实施例中,回路接口电路70向因特网数据信息包增加另外的数据,以便在过程控制回路72上传递因特网数据信息包。
图4是本发明另一实施例的过程设备74的剖面图。除了监控电路76之外,过程设备74与进程设备49(图3所示)相同,相似的组件被标以同样地标号。监视电路76可以是侦测或者确定一事件的出现并且提供与该发生事件有关联的一个信号的任何电路。监视电路76可工作的与传感器系统64和处理器电路66连接。此外,监视电路76还可以连接到调节器电路68,以接收经过调节器电路68的来自过程控制回路72的电力。监视电路76监视传感器系统64的输出以确定一事件的发生,例如传感器错误、报警状态等。
回答该事件的出现,监视电路76使处理器电路66产生符合网际协议的一事件数据信息包用于在过程控制回路72上传输。事件数据信息包可以是与该事件有关联的任何文体的数字信息。事件数据信息包可以是表示事件本身的,表示传感器输出的,或表示两者的。事件数据信息包可以是与超文本传输协议相一致的。另外,事件数据信息包可以被选择为以使一个目标设备例如客户节点38(在图1所示)基于接收该事件数据信息包执行一个查询。事件数据信息包也可以是选择为使过程控制回路上的或者跨过因特网的另一过程设备执行一操作,例如关闭一个阀门。此外,过程电路66可以产生另外的信息包,其响应该事件报告处理器66采取的操作,并且这样的报告信息包将通过一因特网对一字母数字寻呼机或类似装置编址。
在一个例子中,监视电路76可以确定一个传感器已经错误并且提供与这样的事件有关联的一个信号到处理器66。然后处理器66可以发送命令到其它过程设备以进入一个出错-安全模式。然后处理器66发送附加的信息到一寻呼机,向管理者警报该状态。
图5是根据本发明另一实施例的另一过程设备80的剖面图。过程设备80包括与在上面描述的实施例中的组件相似的或相同的一些组件,而且这样的组件被标以同样地标号。过程设备80包括调节器68,回路接口电路70,处理器电路66,存储器62,网际协议电路84和传输电路82。
回路接口电路70被连接到网际协议电路84,网际协议电路84更进一步连接到传输电路82。传输电路82被连接到处理器电路66。
处理器电路66可以适合于来自传感器系统64的一输出信号,其表示一个过程变量。处理器电路66提供输出数据,例如,其可以代表该传感器的输出信号。另外,处理器电路66可以适合于接收来自传送电路82的输入数据。
传送电路82被连接到处理器电路66以接收来自处理器电路66的输出数据。传输电路82同时可以向处理器电路66提供输入数据。传输电路82将从处理器电路66收到的输出数据变换成为将被提供到网际协议电路84的输出数据段。反过来,传输电路82又将从网际协议电路84收到的输入数据段汇编成为将被提供到处理器电路66的输入数据。一个数据段是在传输电路82和因特网电路84之间传递的任何数据。
传输电路82可以按照各种的传输控制协议操作,例如由因特网工程任务组发布的RFC 793定义的传输控制协议(TCP),或者由因特网工程任务组发布的RFC 768定义的用户数据报通信协议(UDP)。此外,在传输电路82和处理器电路66之间交换的数据可以是多种适当的通信协议中的任何一种,比如超文本传输协议,文件传输协议(FTP),简单邮件传输协议(SMTP),远程登录协议,简单文件传输协议(SFTP),或者普通文件传输协议(TFTP)。
网际协议电路84可工作的连接到传输电路82,并且适合于为从传输电路82收到的每一输出数据段提供一个输出信息包。输出信息包通常包括由传输电路82提供的输出数据段,表示传输电路82使用的传输协议的数据,以及该信息包将移动到那里的一因特网地址。因此,如果传输电路82使用传输控制协议(TCP)以创建该输出数据段,那么该输出信息包将那么显示。
网际协议电路84可以适合于接收来自回路接口电路70的输入信息包并且向传输电路82选择的提供输入数据段。这样的选择是基于检验在输入信息包中的数据,以确定该输入信息包是否已经与传输电路82提供的传输协议相同的传输协议被格式化。如果输入信息包已经是那么格式化的,那么对应于该输入信息包的输入数据段从网际协议电路84提供到传送电路82。
回路接口电路70适合于响应并且基于接收的来自网际协议电路84的输出信息包,产生过程控制回路信号。此外,回路接口电路70还可以适合于基于收到的过程控制回路信号,向网际协议电路84选择的提供输入信息包。
虽然根据在一个过程控制回路上提供传感器信息的过程设备描述了本发明,那些在本技术领域的熟练者将理解,本发明同样地适用于从过程控制回路接收信息的和在一个过程中响应地引起物理变化的过程设备。
例如,在图5中,用一传动器系统比如一个阀门替代传感器系统64将允许处理器电路66向该传动器系统提供数字输出信号,从而改变过程变量。这个代替本质上将在上面描述的任何过程设备转换成为物理上影响一个过程的过程设备。此外,在本发明范围内提供了一种过程设备,其不只是侦测过程变量,而且也影响过程变量。此外,虽然在图2至图5中所示的实施例是相对于分立电路描述的,这样的表示法只是为了清楚而提供的。因此,本发明可以是通过组合在专用集成电路上的不同的组件,或者通过利用软件在微处理器中实现的各种电路被实施。
图6是一序列程序步骤的方块图,其可以在处理器66上被实现以实施本发明。在图6中显示的顺序描述了按照本发明实施例的过程设备如何担当一因特网信息服务器。
当处理器接收一个信息请求时,服务器开始操作,如程序块90所示。这样的一个请求可以出自一个设备比如客户节点38(图1所示),或者来自一内部的设备例如一个定时器。那些在本技术领域熟练者将应理解,如果使用一个定时器,那么过程设备本质上将过程信息推进到目标器件。
在程序块92,处理器确定什么信息被请求并且存取该被请求的信息。例如,该请求可以是要获得过程控制信息、过程设备信息,或者两者。当处理器在存储器例如存储器62(图2-5所示)中储存请求信息时,程序块92被完成。
在程序块94,处理器格式化该请求信息用于因特网传输。当相对地大量的信息要被传输时,信息必须被分类成不连续的信息段。在这种情况下格式化将有可能承担将该请求数据断开成为数据段,比如合乎传输控制协议的数据段。然而,如果请求信息的数量十分地小,那么其它适当的通信协议可以被使用,例如用户数据报协议。随着格式化协议的特别的类型的指示被使用,当处理器在存储器中储存格式化的信息时,程序块94被终止。
在程序块94之后,处理器执行程序块96显示的程序步骤。更具体地说,附加的信息例如目标设备(通常称为请求设备)的因特网地址,以及该过程设备的因特网地址随着该格式化的申请信息一起被储存在存储器中。
在步骤98,附加的信息被处理器访问以确定一个将向因特网上转发信息的通信设备的过程控制回路地址。这样的信息随着该过程设备的过程控制回路地址(源地址)一起被储存在存储器中。
在步骤100,处理器向与硬件交互作用的一个回路接口组件提供储存的存储器内容(格式化的请求信息;格式化类型;因特网地址;以及过程控制回路地址),以将信号引入到符合存储器内容的过程控制回路。
图7是根据本发明实施例的一数据结构102的系统方块图。数据结构102包括数据块104、传输控制协议标头106、网际协议标头108和过程控制回路标头110。在图7中所示的数据结构可以使用各种特定的形式,例如当数据104是过程信息和超文本标识语言数据的组合时;传输控制协议标头106合乎用户数据报通信协议;IP标头108合乎因特网通信协议;回路标头110合乎现场总线通信协议。此外,数据追踪器也可以被使用,例如用于过程控制回路的一结束分界符。那些本技术领域的熟练者将应理解本发明可能有多种的组合。在过程控制回路上传输之前,在图7中所示的数据结构在一个过程设备中组合,并且又被从一个过程控制回路接收到以便具有提取的数据104。同样地,数据结构102可以在一个给定的过程设备中的存储器中、在传送通过一个过程控制回路的过程中,或者在一个过程通信设备的存储器中被发现。
图8是根据本发明实施例的一过程通信装置34的系统方块图。过程通信设备34包括回路通信整机电路116、因特网通信整机电路120、存储器122和电源电路124。回路通信整机电路116适合于连接到过程控制回路126,以向过程控制回路126发送过程控制回路信号和从过程控制回路126接收过程控制回路信号。应该注意到过程控制回路126可以是任何合适的过程控制回路,其在过程控制回路上的设备之间提供数字通信。回路通信整机电路116被连接到存储器122,存储器122包含表示在过程控制回路126上的通信设备34的回路地址的数据。因此,通过将包含在存储器122中的回路地址与从过程控制回路126收到的目标设备信息比较,回路通信整机电路116能够确定何时过程控制回路数据是对于过程通信设备34编址的。回路通信整机电路116被连接到因特网通信整机电路120。
因特网通信整机电路120适合于通过通信链路40连接到一因特网。因特网通信整机电路120被连接到存储器122,存储器122包含表示通信设备34的因特网地址的数据。
当过程通信设备34进行操作以便从过程控制回路126向一因特网传送数据时,回路通信整机电路116接收来自过程控制回路126的一个回路信息包,它包含过程通信装置34的回路地址,与在存储器122中储存的一样。回路通信整机电路116适合于从自过程控制回路126收到的回路信息包中提取因特网信息包。一因特网信息包是任意文体的数据,它包括因特网路径数据比如IP地址。回路通信整机电路116向因特网通信整机电路120提供提取的因特网信息包,因特网通信整机电路120格式化该信息包以便通过链路40传输。然后因特网通信整机电路120将格式化的因特网信息包通过链路40传输进入链路40连接的因特网。
当过程通信设备34在相反的方向工作时,为了传输已经格式化的一因特网信息包通过链路40到达因特网通信整机电路120。因特网通信整机电路120从自链路40收到的数据中提取因特网信息包。然后因特网通信整机电路120确定接收因特网信息包的目标是否属于过程控制回路的一个过程控制设备,如果是的,因特网通信整机电路120将因特网信息包传递到回路通信整机电路116,回路通信整机电路116将因特网信息包与过程控制回路路径信息压缩组合并且将那么格式化的信息包引入到过程控制回路126,用于向目标过程控制设备传输。
如图8中可以看到的,通信设备34还包括电源124,其适合于连接到过程控制回路126,以便向过程控制回路126注入电力。电源124可以被连接到过程控制回路126外部的一个功率源。
在本发明的某些实施例中,回路信息包的格式可以与从链路40收到的信息的格式一样。例如,当链路40是与以太网数据网络一致时,而且过程控制回路126是与高速现场总线(H2)一致时,信息包可以是那么相似的,以致需要重新格式化的可能性很小。在本实施例中,过程通信设备34还适应信号电平变化的数据。因此,虽然以太网网络可能不是真正安全的,但是通信设备34可以影响信号电平到这样一个程度,即保持过程控制回路126的真正的安全承诺。
如可以理解的,本发明提供了多种的过程设备,和一个过程通信设备,其允许单独的过程设备作为因特网通信设备。因此,根据本发明的变送器可以执行容许各种采用不同平台的用户的一个Web服务器的功能,以便存取变送器数据和接收过程信息。此外,目前可以通过公众因特网对过程设备提供软件更新,因此减少管理的力度。另外,本发明的用户通过因特网与过程设备交互作用可以完成过程修改。还可以理解,因为本发明使用传统的过程控制回路,所以本发明可以利用真正安全的过程控制设备实施,而没有危及真正安全的承诺。在此处所述的各种实施例可以单独或根据希望的或适当的组合实现。
虽然本发明已经参照优选的实施例进行了描述,在本领域的熟练者将认识到可以做出形势和细节上的改变,而没有偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (20)
1.一个适合于连接到一个流体过程控制回路的过程设备(74),该设备包括:
回路接口电路(70),其适合于连接到过程控制回路以在过程控制回路上发送和接收回路信号;
处理器电路(66),其适合于接收传感器输出,并连接到回路接口电路;
一个存储器,其连接到处理器电路,存储器中存储有所述过程设备的因特网地址,所述因特网地址至少包括每组至少八位的四组数据;
其特征在于还包括:
调节器电路(68),它用从过程控制回路接收的电力为整个过程设备(74)提供电力;
其中回路接口电路被设置成接收来自过程控制回路的包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包,并且在过程控制回路上发送包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包;
其中所述的电力是通过传输所述数据包的所述过程控制回路传送的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于:
所述存储器还适合于容纳与超文本标识语言一致的数据。
3.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于:
在其中至少在处理器电路和回路接口电路之间通信的一部分数据是符合超级文本传送通信协议的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于:
所述处理器电路还适合于根据网际协议格式化传感器输出,并向回路接口电路提供格式化的传感器输出,用于在过程控制回路上传输。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的过程设备,其特征在于所述网际协议是由因特网工程任务组在1981年9月发布的RFC 791定义的网际协议。
6.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于:
回路接口电路适合于响应接收的输出信息包,按照一过程控制回路通信协议产生过程控制回路信号,以及基于收到的过程控制回路信号选择的提供输入信息包;
过程设备还包括:
网际协议电路,它可工作地连接到回路接口电路,并且适合于按照网际协议和基于由网际协议电路接收的输出数据段向回路接口电路提供输出信息包,每一输出信息包包括一输出数据段,一源因特网地址,一目标因特网地址,以及表示传输类型的数据,网际协议电路还适合于接收来自回路接口电路的输入信息包;
传输电路可工作地连接到网际协议电路,并且适合于将传输电路接收的输出数据变换成输出数据段,并且将从网际协议电路接收的输入数据段汇编组合成输入数据;以及
其中处理器电路适合于接收传感器输出,并且向传输电路提供输出数据和接收来自传输电路的输入数据。
7.根据权利要求6所述的过程设备,其特征在于传输电路按照由因特网工程任务组发布的RFC 793定义的传输控制协议变换数据。
8.根据权利要求6所述的过程设备,其特征在于传输电路按照由因特网工程任务组发布的RFC 768定义的用户数据报通信协议变换数据。
9.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于:
所述存储器适合于储存用于处理器电路执行的指令,这些指令包括:
一因特网格式化例程,用于按照网际协议格式化传感器输出;
一回路格式化例程,其用于更进一步格式化因特网格式化的输出,用于在过程控制回路上传输;
一输出例程,以造成处理器提供格式化的传感器输出到回路接口电路,用于在过程控制回路上传输。
10.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于该过程设备还包括:
因特网通信整机电路,其连接到回路接口电路和存储器,并适合于连接到因特网在因特网上通信;以及
在其中因特网通信整机电路设置成将从因特网收到的信息传递到回路接口电路用于在过程控制回路上传输,并且回路接口电路设置成将从过程控制回路收到的信息传递到因特网通信整机电路用于在因特网上传输。
11.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其适合于转换一流体的属性和通过一流体处理环境向一远程位置传达与该流体属性有关联的过程控制信息,该设备还包括:
变换器电路,其适合于连接在流体变换器和表示变换的流体属性的信号之间;
通信整机电路,其适合于连接到通过流体操作环境的一限制能量的通信总线,通信整机电路在通信总线上传达与变换出的流体属性相关的过程控制信息;
所述存储器适合于存储表示识别过程设备的地址的数据;
在其中地址是一因特网地址,通信整机电路以限制能量的形式,向限制能量的通信总线通信传达与表示因特网地址的数据一起的过程控制信息。
12.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于流体过程控制回路是一个两线过程控制回路。
13.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于处理器电路是以微处理器体现的。
14.根据权利要求1所述的过程设备,其特征在于过程设备是内在地安全的。
15.一种用于形成权利要求1所述的过程设备的方法,该方法包括步骤:
使过程设备的回路接口电路(70)适合于连接到过程控制回路(72);
将回路接口电路(70)连接到过程控制回路(72);
将处理器电路(66)适合于接收传感器输出,并连接到适合于向回路接口电路提供因特网兼容的数据的回路接口电路(70);
将存储器(62)连接至处理器电路,存储器中存储有所述过程设备的因特网地址,所述因特网地址至少包括每组至少八位的四组数据;
使处理器电路(66)适合于向回路接口电路(70)提供因特网兼容数据,用于在过程控制回路(72)上传输;其特征在于使存储器(62)适合于存储与因特网通信相关的数据;
在过程设备(74)内设置调节器电路(68),它用从过程控制回路接收的电力为整个过程设备提供电力;
其中将回路接口电路设置成接收来自过程控制回路的包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包,并且在过程控制回路上发送包含所述过程设备的因特网地址的数据包;
通过传输所述数据包的所述过程控制回路传送所述的电力。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:
使所述存储器(62)还适合于启用将被存储在其中的与超文本标识语言一致的数据。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:
使存储器适合于向处理器装置提供与超文本标识语言一致的数据。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:
至少在处理器电路和回路接口电路之间通信的一部分数据是符合超级文本传送通信协议的。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:
使处理器电路还适合于接收传感器输出,并根据网际协议格式化传感器输出,并向回路接口电路提供格式化的传感器输出,用于在过程控制回路上传输。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于还包括步骤:
将回路接口电路和存储器连接到因特网通信整机电路,并从而与因特网连接;
将从因特网接收的信息传递到回路接口电路,从而传递到过程控制回路,反之亦然。
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- 1998-10-12 CN CNB988098172A patent/CN1177266C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-12 US US09/169,873 patent/US6370448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-12 BR BR9812913-9A patent/BR9812913A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-12 WO PCT/US1998/021339 patent/WO1999019782A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-12 EP EP98952201A patent/EP1023650B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1998-10-12 JP JP2000516269A patent/JP4611517B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-12 DE DE69818494T patent/DE69818494T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-10-12 AU AU97955/98A patent/AU9795598A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
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US6370448B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
JP2001520413A (ja) | 2001-10-30 |
BR9812913A (pt) | 2000-08-08 |
US20020183863A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
EP1023650A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
EP1023650B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
WO1999019782A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
DE69818494D1 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
JP4611517B2 (ja) | 2011-01-12 |
AU9795598A (en) | 1999-05-03 |
DE69818494T2 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
CN1273647A (zh) | 2000-11-15 |
CA2306767A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
CA2306767C (en) | 2007-05-01 |
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