CN1189224A - Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state - Google Patents
Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1189224A CN1189224A CN96195043A CN96195043A CN1189224A CN 1189224 A CN1189224 A CN 1189224A CN 96195043 A CN96195043 A CN 96195043A CN 96195043 A CN96195043 A CN 96195043A CN 1189224 A CN1189224 A CN 1189224A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reflective polarizer
- thin layer
- substrate
- convertible
- liquid crystal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Abstract
A device, comprising a switchable optical panel and means for switching the panel between a reflecting state and a transmitting state. The switchable optical panel includes a transparent optically active layer having a first and a second major surface, a first reflective polarizer disposed on the first major surface and a second reflective polarizer disposed on the second major surface. The optically active layer preferably comprises a liquid crystal device and the switching means preferably comprises a system of drying electronics for applying voltage across the liquid crystal device. The invention also includes a switchable window and a transflective optical display.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical devices, this device can be changed between reflection and transmissive state.The invention still further relates to the optical display of a kind of switchable window (switchable window) and a kind of Transflective (transflective), they all comprise this convertible optical devices.
Background of invention
Can be generally used in secret window and the secret curtain opening (transmission) and close the window of changing between (not transmission) state.The current technology of this window that is used for is usually based on optical absorption or optical scattering mechanism.When an optical absorption window is in closed condition, incide that most of light on the window is absorbed and window is dark opaque shape.Such window is unwelcome, because produce excessive heat when window is exposed to sunlight.The example of this window is electrochromic display device and liquid crystal display (LCD) optical gate (having absorptive polarizers).
When in off position, use the window of optical scattering mechanism to make light, thereby window present white in forward direction diffuse scattering.As a result, window does not stop incident light haply, and (such as family and office) is useless to energy control under construction.In the U.S.'s the 4th, 435,047 patent, this window has been described.
Optical display as LCDs and so on, is widely used in laptop computer, hand-held calculator, digital watch or the like.In traditional LCD assembling, liquid crystal board and electrode matrix show between the polarizer in preceding absorptive polarizers and back.In LCD, lcd segment is by applying the optical states that electric field changes them.This processing produces needs to show frame element, the perhaps contrast of pixel in the polarized light.
Typically, absorptive polarizers is used the dichroism dyestuff, and the light that this dyestuff absorbs a polarization direction is stronger than the light that absorbs its orthogonal polarization orientation.Usually, the transmission shaft of the transmission shaft of preceding polarizer and rear polarizer " intersection ".The angle of the crossing can change between zero-sum 90 degree.
Can classify to optical display based on bright source.Reflective display is bright by the surround lighting that enters display from the front.Typically, aluminum reflector is placed on the back of LCD device.When the polarization direction of light of reflecting surface was incided in reservation, this reflecting surface made light get back to the LCD device.
When the environment light intensity is not enough to watching, in application, substitute reflecting surface with a background light device usually.Typical background light device comprises the device of an optical cavities and a lamp or other generation light.Under the situation of portable type display device such as laptop computer, bias light is battery-powered.Display will be at surround lighting all can be watched under the bright and backlit bright condition is called as " Transflective ".A problem of transflective display is that the light bias light is effective reverberator not as traditional aluminium plated surface like that.Bias light also makes the polarization randomization of light, has also reduced the quantity of the useful light of bright LCD.As a result, bias light is added to the LCD device make around show when watching under the light not too bright.
A passive transflector (transflector) can place between the LCD and bias light of transflective display, to improve display brightness under and the backlit bright situation bright at surround lighting.Passive transflector is optical devices, and it not only can be made transilluminator but also can make reverberator under a single state.Unfortunately, passive in both cases transflector s is invalid, and typically, transmission only is from 30% of the light of bias light, 60% of reflection ambient light, and absorb remaining 10%.
The third type of optical display has merged the bias light of a special use, and when display was worked, no matter the rank of surround lighting how, it was all opened.This bias light is great expending to battery in a portable display device.
Brief summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of device, this device comprises convertible tabula rasa, and this tabula rasa comprises the transparent optically-active thin layer with first and second first type surfaces, is installed in first reflective polarizer on first first type surface and is installed in second reflective polarizer on second first type surface.This device also comprises and be used to device that tabula rasa is changed between reflective condition and transmissive state.
In one embodiment, the optically-active thin layer comprises and has a pair of parallel registration, during form cavity the liquid-crystal apparatus of transparent substrates.Each substrate has surface, inside and the outer surface in the face of cavity.Liquid-crystal apparatus also comprises conductive (on the surface, inside of each substrate) and is limited to liquid crystal material in the cavity.In this embodiment, conversion equipment is one and is connected to the system that the driving electronics of voltage is provided for liquid-crystal apparatus on the conductive material.Conductive material can be included in the addressable electrode model of the lip-deep film in inside of each substrate, with formation pixel liquid-crystal apparatus, or forms continuous transparency conducting layer on the surface, inside of each substrate.Liquid-crystal apparatus should be the twisted nematic liquid crystal device.
First and second reflective polarizers should each all comprise right multi-stacked of adjacent materials thin layer, each thin layer is to presenting refractive index difference between the adjacent thin layer on the first direction in the plane of polarizer, and do not present refractive index difference in the plane of polarizer and on the second direction of first direction quadrature between the adjacent thin layer substantially substantially.
Device preferably comprises convertible tabula rasa, this tabula rasa comprises the twisted nematic liquid crystal device, this liquid-crystal apparatus comprises with first and second transparent planar substrate of parallel registration (forming a cavity between them), each substrate has an outer surface and inner surface, and liquid crystal material is limited in the cavity.Liquid-crystal apparatus also comprises continuous transparency conducting layer (on the surface, inside of substrate), is installed in first reflective polarizer on the outer surface of first substrate and is installed in second reflective polarizer on the outer surface of second substrate.Each all comprises at least 100 right stacking of thin layer first and second reflective polarizers, and wherein each stacks all comprising the birefringence thin layer adjacent with another condensate thin layer, and it is isotropic or birefringent.This device also comprises the system that is connected to conductive layer driving electronics, thereby tabula rasa can the electronics mode be changed between reflective condition and transmissive state.
Perhaps this device also can comprise convertible optical devices (comprise a pair of with parallel registration and during form the reflective polarizer of cavity), respectively have one in the face of the surface, inside of cavity and the reflective polarizer of outer surface.Liquid-crystal apparatus also comprises the liquid crystal material that is formed in the cavity and at the lip-deep transparency conducting layer in the inside of reflective polarizer.Device also comprises and is connected to conductive layer, drive the system of electronics, thereby tabula rasa can the electronics mode be changed between reflective condition and transmissive state.
The present invention also provides a kind of convertible window, comprises above-mentioned convertible tabula rasa and is used for providing the device of electric field to change to convertible tabula rasa between open mode and closed condition.Each reflective polarizer in convertible tabula rasa should be multi-stacked as mentioned above.Window also can comprise near at least one clear window glass (it is and in parallel to be positioned at convertible tabula rasa).
Window can be designed to " normally opening " or " normally closing " structure.In normal Unclosing structure, window is transmission when no electric field, and in normal closing structure, and window is not transmission during no electric field.
The present invention also provides a kind of window, but its opening and closing state is a mechanical switch.Window comprises first clear window glass with first and second first type surfaces, be installed in first reflective polarizer on first clear window glass, comprise the optical gate of second clear window glass with at least one, be installed in second reflective polarizer on second clear window glass, be installed in second clear window glass on the optically-active thin layer relative with second reflective polarizer.Window also can comprise and be used for the optical gate rotation with location optically-active thin layer or second reflective polarizer and the device parallel with first reflective polarizer.
Convertible window of the present invention allows to be used to the window transmission of attempting to maintain secrecy, and in the buildings, the light control in the family and in the automobile and the electronics or the machinery of energy control are controlled.This window does not absorb a large amount of outdoor light, has therefore avoided the excessive window heat generation characteristic of optical absorption window.
The present invention also provides a kind of Transflective optical display, it comprises LCD and (comprises preceding absorptive polarizers, back absorptive polarizers and therebetween pixel liquid-crystal apparatus), contiguous LCD is used for the bias light of bright liquid crystal indicator, convertible transfoector between LCD and bias light, optical diffuser device between liquid crystal indicator and bias light, and the convertible transflector between optical diffuser device and bias light.Convertible transflector comprises front surface and the rear surface with contiguous back absorptive polarizers, liquid-crystal apparatus has forward direction column direction (relevant with front surface) and back to column direction (relevant with the rear surface) and reflective polarizer (be installed on the rear surface of no pixel liquid-crystal apparatus, and be close to bias light).Optical devices also comprise the device that is used for electronic switch transflector between reflective condition and transmissive state.The polarization direction of back absorptive polarizers is parallel to liquid-crystal apparatus forward direction column direction.Reflective polarizer Yidu City is composite wafer as mentioned above.
At transmissive state and the convertible transflector of reflective condition all is effectively, allows Transflective optical display of the present invention to use at least 80% the bright using light of giving LCD, regardless of its light source.Because the efficient of transflector in order to increase the serviceable life of battery, can be closed bias light under the condition of home light.
Summary of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of switchable optical devices according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the local sketch map of the reflective polarizer that uses together with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of switchable tabula rasa according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is when having applied the sketch map of the tabula rasa of Fig. 3 (panel) behind the electric field.
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of window capable of reversing according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 a, 6b, 7a and 7b are side view outline, and the operation of the window capable of reversing of Fig. 5 has been described.
Fig. 8 is the sketch map of window capable of reversing according to an embodiment of the invention.
The side view outline of Fig. 9 xx. Transflective according to an embodiment of the invention optical devices.
Figure 10 and 11 is side view outline, and the operation of the xx. Transflective optical devices of Fig. 9 has been described.
Figure 12-14 has shown the optical property of reflective polarizer among the example 1-3 respectively.
Describe in detail
Device of the present invention comprises tabula rasa capable of reversing (this tabula rasa comprises the transparent optically-active layer with two first type surfaces), is positioned over first reflective polarizer on the first type surface of optically-active layer and is positioned over second reflective polarizer on another first type surface.This device also comprises and be used for the device changed between reflective condition and transmissive state.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of preferred embodiment of this device.Device 8 comprises tabula rasa 10 capable of reversing, and the optically-active layer comprises liquid-crystal apparatus 12 in this tabula rasa.Liquid-crystal apparatus 12 comprise a pair of parallel registration, cover and transparent planar substrate (planar substrate) 14 and 16 disconnected from each other.With sticking sealant in addition combination and sealing (not shown), form a cavity that seals around the substrate.This cavity is full of liquid crystal material 18.Conductive material is arranged on the surface, inside of two substrates, can be applied on the liquid crystal material to allow voltage.Conductive material can be as shown in fig. 1 continuous transparency conducting layer 20 and 22 form, or the addressable electrode of film like is to form the pixel liquid crystal device.A pixel liquid crystal device is by several thousand little image cells, or " pixel " formation, and they can produce black, and white maybe may be grey.When as a typical liquid crystal (LCD) a part of, the pixel out of the ordinary by suitable processing can show piece image.
Be positioned over the lip-deep collimation layer 24 and 26 in the inside of transparency conducting layer make liquid crystal material 18 with the interphase of each substrate on the correction for direction (orientation) that obtains wanting.How arrow 28 and 30 expressions liquid crystal material molecules when not having electric field is about 90 ° distortion by collimation layer 24 and 26.Liquid-crystal apparatus is preferably twisted-nematic (TN) the type liquid crystal with the rotation angle between 0 ° and 90 °.The rotation angle that better is between 80 ° and 90 °.Perhaps, liquid-crystal apparatus can be to have the supertwist of the anglec of rotation between 180 ° and 270 ° to array apparatus (STN).Can also use the LCD of other type, as ferroelectric LCD.
Substrate 14 and 16 can be by optically transparent, has than low-birefringence, and in the manufacturing of optical devices capable of reversing and the glass or the plastic material that have suitable spatial stability in using under institute's chance condition make.In order to keep between the substrate space uniformly, must use a kind of of several known partitioning methods.For example, can with glass pellet or and fiber be combined in the cavity between the substrate, or at least one substrate is carried out molded to form as at United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 268 space of the integral body described in No. 782.
With reference to figure 1, reflective polarizer 32 and 34 is positioned over respectively on the outer surface of substrate 14 and 16.Usually, reflective polarizer of the present invention has the effect that random polarized light is separated into the plane polarization component.Random polarized light can be counted as the summation of the component of the identical plane orthogonal polarization of two (having polarization state (a) and (b)) size.Under optimum condition, all have light with the polarization state (a) of polarizer bearing of trend quadrature the reflective polarizer transmission, and reflection has the light of polarization state (b).The polarization direction of reflective polarizer 32 can be oriented to as by the direction of collimation parallel (e pattern) or the quadrature (o pattern) of the liquid crystal 12 of arrow 30 expression.Can mutually orthogonal (intersections) or are parallel in reflective polarizer 32 and 34 polarization direction.
Device 8 preferably also comprises birefringence-compensated film (not shown), as optical delay, such as the negative birefringence optical delay.Birefringence-compensated film is arranged between substrate 14 and reflective polarizer 32 and/or substrate 16 and the reflective polarizer 34.Such film makes device keep the optical characteristics of wanting in visible wavelength region and on fleet angle.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the part of a preferable reflective polarizer 36.This figure comprises a coordinate system 38, points out x, y, z direction.Reflective polarizer 36 is folded standards of multilayer of the alternate layer of two kinds of different materials.These two kinds of materials are called as material " A " and material " B " in accompanying drawing and description.The thin layer 41 and 43 of the vicinity of materials A and material B comprises a thin layer of making sample to (lay pair) 44.Thin layer occurs the difference of refractive index to 44 along the x direction between adjacent thin layer 41 and 43, and does not have the difference of refractive index basically along the y direction.
In a preferred embodiment of device of the present invention, each all comprises thin layer multilayer laminated of the alternation of materials A and material B in first and second reflective polarizers, and wherein the average thickness of each layer is no more than 0.5 μ m.It is right that the materials A layer adjacent with the material B layer comprises a thin layer.The right quantity of thin layer should be from about 10 to 2000, preferably in about scope of 200 to 1000.
By materials A and material B are squeezed into thin-layer tablet form composite wafer (multilayered sheet) definition stretching ratio for the back size that stretches divided by the size value before stretching.Stretching ratio should be from 2: 1 to 10: 1 scope, better is from 3: 1 to 8: 1, preferably in 4: 1 to 7: 1 the scope, such as 6: 1.Thin slice does not significantly extend along the y direction.Materials A is selected a kind of polymeric material, with the birefraction of generation stress induction, or with the change refractive index that stretches.For example, the thin slice of the uniaxial tension of a materials A can have a refractive index, n
Ax, it is relevant with draw direction (n for example
Ax=1.88), the refractive index n different with one
Ay, it is relevant with horizontal direction (n for example
Ay=1.64).Materials A is at the refractive index (n of stretching and horizontal direction
Ax-n
Ay) seem variant, at least 0.05, be preferably at least 0.10, quite a lot ofly again be at least 0.20.Material B is selected a kind of material of polymerization, its refractive index, n
By, after multilayer film are stretched, equal n haply
AyWhen stretching, n
BxPreferably reduce.
The composite wafer of this embodiment after stretching (multilayered sheet) (is defined as Δ n with draw direction
x=n
Ax-n
Bx) refractive index between the relevant adjacent thin layer demonstrates bigger difference.But along horizontal direction, the difference of refractive index is substantially zero and (is defined as Δ n between the adjacent thin layer
y=n
Ay-n
By).These optical properties make multilayer laminated as a reflective polarizer, and it will transmit the random polarization polarisation of light component parallel with the transmission axle that shows 40 among Fig. 2, this component and.Light portion by reflective polarizer 36 transmission is considered to have polarization state (a).The light portion that does not pass reflective polarizer 36 has polarization state (b), it and extinction axis (extinction axis) 42 correspondences shown in Fig. 2.Extinction axis is parallel to draw direction x.Therefore, (b)-polarized light runs into refractive indices n
x, cause its transmission.Reflective polarizer should be more preferably at least 90% reflection at least to 50% reflection of (b)-polarized light.The 3rd refringence, Δ n
z, be important to the reflection from axle of control reflective polarizer.For the high extinctivity of (b)-polarization, and (a)-the high transmission of polarized light, when bigger incident angle, Δ n
z=n
Az-n
Bz＜0.5 Δ n
xBe preferably, less than 0.2 Δ n
xBetter, be preferably less than 0.1 Δ n
x
The optics behavior of this reflective polarizer and design are described in No. 08/402041 patent of the procuratorial U.S. in examination that is entitled as " optical thin film " of application on March 10 nineteen ninety-five in more detail.
Those skilled in the art can select the material that is fit to that obtains the index of refraction relationship wanted.Usually, from translucent polymeric material, for example a kind of translucent how polynary ester of alkane dicarboxylic acid or tygon Phthalate (PEN) and their isomeride (as, 2,6-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 2,7-and 2 selects materials A in 3-PEN).Can also be from other translucent polymeric material, for example different benzoate of tygon (PEI), and PEN is selected materials A in the interpolymer of PET and PEI.As used herein, coPEN comprises the copolymer of PEN, and coPET comprises the copolymer of PET.Material B can be a kind of semi-crystalline state or amorphous polymeric material, for example syndyotactic polyphenyl ethyl (sPS), and multipolymer, as, the coPEN of Eastar, coPET, and multipolymer, the described coPEN of poly-cyclohexane two formicester terephthalates that it can Eastman chemical company purchases usefulness can also be the potpourri of powder, wherein at least a composition is a condensate, and as the basis, and other composition is other polynary fat or PC to this condensate with the benzoic acid dicarboxylic acid, for example PET, PEN or coPEN.Materials A and B preferably select to have similar rheological properties (for example melt viscosity), and they can be squeezed into one like this.
By co-extruded materials A and material B with form multilayer film then by under selected temperature substantially along a direction (single shaft) with its direction that stretches to determine film, perhaps under selected temperature, heat subsequently, prepare reflective polarizer.Film can along the direction that is stretched across (quadrature) from be stretched across size naturally the decay (equaling the square root of draw ratio) to the intersection the zero-decrement value of size (equaling to retrain fully) ranged space relaxing.Film can stretch along the machining direction by (as with the length orientation device time), or broad ways stretch (as with the tentering device time).
Obviously, concerning those skilled in the art, select the combination of a treatment variable, as draft temperature, draw ratio, the heating arrangement temperature and be stretched across loose to produce a reflective polarizer with index of refraction relationship of wanting.
In a special embodiment, the thin slice of multilayer comprises right the stacking of thin layer of aforesaid materials A and B, and the wherein this thin layer that is divided into one or more sections that stacks is right.Each section by make each thin layer right approximately be half of centre wavelength of every section bandwidth in conjunction with thickness, be designed to the maximum reflectivity that light has this bandwidth.Has the light that different thin layers allow reflective polariser reflects to have relatively large bandwidth to the combination of the section of thickness.
For example, composite wafer can comprise ten sections, thin layer right in conjunction with thickness range from 100nm to 200nm.Every section thin layer that can comprise between 10 and 50 is right.This polarizer can the light of reflection wavelength from 400 to 800nm scope.On the other hand, thin layer can be continuously at 100 to 200nm internal classifications to thickness.400 and the light coverage pattern of 2000nm, right thickness should be in the scope of 100-500nm to wavelength.
Though aforesaid multilayer optical film is preferably to reflective polarizer, but still can use other reflective polarizer, for example the cholesteric polarizer of the MacNeille polarizer of fine structure and the quarter-wave plate that is provided with.
Reflective polarizer can stackingly be attached on the LCD or with mechanical system to LCD or at the edge of LCD and be fastened on the LCD.
Referring to Fig. 1, can use one to drive electronic system again, for example, apply an electric field for liquid crystal material 18 by conductive layer 20 and 22 by the power supply 19 of lead-in wire 21 and 23.After having applied electric field, because the dielectric anisotropy of molecule causes liquid crystal molecule on the whole zone by reorientation and " unclamping ".This performance allows when at twisted state molecule with the polarized light half-twist, when at non-twisted state, and transmitted ray rotatably not.When using together with reflective polarizer 32 and 34, the ability of rotatory polarization light provides the device that is used for the convertible tabula rasa 10 of conversion between reflective condition and transmissive state.
Right for identical reflective polarizer, when the reflectivity of (ignoring the reflection of the front and rear surfaces of condensate and conductive material) tabula rasa when transmissive state is transformed into reflective condition becomes about twice.The value of reflectivity changes very little with the quality of reflective polarizer.But the transmissivity of transmission and reflective condition greatly depends on the extinction value of two polarizers.Each is had the polarizer of light leak, with 50% (desirable delustring is 100%) delustring of higher delustring polarization, the transmissive state tabula rasa be transmitted as 75%, and be 50% at reflective condition.The transmittance of " light leak " tabula rasa only is 1.5.Though it is not too useful in as secret optical gate that transmittance is 1.5 tabula rasa, but still can on the window of buildings or automobile, provide effective energy control.To the polarizer preferably of 99.9% delustring, descending transmission in off position only is 0.1%, and is about 50% transmission under transmissive state, and the generation size is 500 transmittance.
The extinction value of the polarizer that provides depends on the light wave bandwidth of user's perception interest.Narrow bandwidth is enough for the application of laser.The bandwidth of secret window (privacy window) must cover all visible spectrums at least, and the control window of sun power will cover spectrum (400-1200nm) visible and the near infrared ray part.Aforesaid multilayer film (multilayer film) reflective polarizer can cover any in the above-mentioned bandwidth.
In order to describe the notion of conversion, Fig. 3 has shown the simple transmission plot of a convertible tabula rasa 46, and the ray 48 that has wherein comprised polarization state (a) and random polarization light (b) incides reflective polarizer 50.In the light that is comprised in the ray 48, the light (by ray 52 expression) with polarization state (b) is reflected, and the light (by ray 54 expressions) with polarization state (a) is by reflective polarizer 50 transmissions.When having electric field, liquid crystal 56 makes the polarization state of ray 54 rotate about 90 °, and after this it is by reflective polarizer 58 transmissions (it is with respect to reflective polarizer 50 quadratures).Therefore, having the reflective polarizer 50 of quadrature and 58 convertible tabula rasa is transmission substantially.This is referred to as " opening " state.Under optimum condition, the convertible film of optics is 50% transmission.Because residual absorption, the incomplete rotation of polarization, the front and back reflection, and from the reflection of conductive layer (not shown), transmission is usually from about scope of 25 to 40%.
When having applied electric field for convertible tabula rasa 46 as Fig. 4, ray 48 is divided into transmitted ray (with ray 55 expressions) and reflected ray 53 by reflective polarizer 50 again.In this case, ray 55 does not pass liquid crystal 56 rotatably, and by reflective polarizer 58 reflections.Reflected light with ray 60 expressions does not pass liquid crystal 56 once more rotatably, at last by reflective polarizer 50 transmissions.Therefore, almost be all reflexible at the convertible tabula rasa 46 of this state.Absorption loss in conductive layer and the reflective polarizer is less, as ≈ 1-5%.
Be appreciated that by reflective polarizer 50 and 58 being parallel to each other rather than placing orthogonally light behavior that can the convertible tabula rasa 46 of conversion (promptly tabula rasa is a transmissive when applying electric field, and when not having electric field for reflection).This is referred to as " normally closed " state.
On the other hand, perhaps wanting the reflectivity of convertible tabula rasa is adjustable to gray scale.Can obtain this adjustable by using voltage that a twisted nematic liquid crystal device and change apply to adjust transmitted intensity.This method may compare difficulty because uniformly gray scale need the accurate placement of substrate and the liquid crystal molecule in big zone arrangement, and temperature and electric field.Small variation can cause the reflectivity change in the display in these conditions, produces spotted demonstration.On the other hand, to provide the demonstration (from afar) of gray scale to the beholder, can produce an effective gray scale by certain part of using the pixel liquid crystal and only changing pixel.
In another embodiment, convertible tabula rasa comprises a pair of reflective polarizer (aforesaid those), parallel registration also is separated from each other the cavity of placing at interval with the liquid crystal material of packing into that forms a sealing, and by this, reflective polarizer replaces above-mentioned liquid crystal substrate to carry out work.Be appreciated that this embodiment comprises conductive layer, collimation layer, the relevant suitable element of substrate of diffusion impervious layer and any other and front embodiment.
Other embodiments of the invention can comprise the various birefringent material except above-mentioned liquid-crystal apparatus in the optical effect layer, these materials comprise the birefringence thermoplastic of uniaxial orientation and convertible condensate-chromatic dispersion liquid-crystal apparatus (as the 4th, those that are disclosed in 435, No. 047 United States Patent (USP)s).According to the character of birefringent material and use the application of film to select the device that is used for film is transformed into from reflective condition reflective condition therein.For instance, the device that is used to change can comprise stretching optical effect layer changing its birefringence, or with the optical effect layer from moving between the reflective polarizer, to prevent the rotation of linearly polarized light.
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of convertible window 62 of the present invention.Window 62 comprises a pair of transparent glass pane 64 and 66 and the convertible tabula rasa 68 between glass pane.Aforesaid convertible tabula rasa 68 should comprise liquid-crystal apparatus 70 (this device comprises a pair of in the transparent planar substrate 72 and 74 of parallel registration), in the cavity of liquid crystal material between substrate, and the lip-deep conductive layer 78 in inside and 80 that is positioned over substrate 72 and 74.Reflective polarizer 82 and 84 is positioned over respectively on the outer surface of substrate 72 and 74, and can be mutually orthogonal or parallel.Absorptive polarizers 86 and 88 should be positioned over the surface (as shown in Figure 5) of reflective polarizer 82 and 84, and the polarization direction of each absorptive polarizers is parallel with the polarization direction of the reflective polarizer of being placed thereon.Conductive layer 78 and 80 is connected to power supply 94 by 90 and 92 and so on the device of going between.
Clear window glass 64 and 66 can be made by glass or other material transparent, hard, ambient stable that is suitable for use on the window.In the reflective polarizer 82 and 84 each should comprise the multilayer laminated of aforesaid and mutual polymeric material layer as shown in Figure 2.Absorptive polarizers 86 and 88 can be any kind in the several types of knowing in the prior art, as the branch light polarizer according to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of iodine or dyeing orientation.On the other hand, absorptive polarizers can be comprised in the epidermal area of reflective polarizer.
Fig. 6 a, 6b, 7a and 7b have described the operation of convertible window 62.In Fig. 6 a,, make liquid crystal material 76 " unclamp (untwist) " as mentioned above by going between 90 and 92 to being applied electric field.The illustration ray 96 of the outdoor light of one random polarization as sunshine (comprise the polarization state (a) of equal amount and (b)), fully passes through glass pane 64.That part of (concerning a good reflective polarizer near 50%) by reflective polarizer 82 reflection of ray 96 is represented as the have polarization state ray 98 of (a).Remaining that part of (the having polarization state (b)) of light that is expressed as ray 100 do not passed through absorptive polarizers 86 and liquid crystal 70 rotatably, gives indoor beholder by reflective polarizer 84 and absorptive polarizers 88 transmissions at last.In this state, because window is 50% transmissive, it is referred to as the open to the outside world state.
In equal state, as shown in Fig. 6 b, the illustration ray 102 of the indoor light of random polarization is through glass pane 66.The composition that ray 102 has (a) polarization state was absorbed by absorptive polarizers 88 before arriving reflective polarizer 84.The remaining part that is expressed as the light of ray 104 be (b) polarization state and also the remaining part of transmission by window.Therefore the absorptive polarizers 88 indoor light of absorption (otherwise this light is indoor by reflective polarizer 84 reflected backs) prevent undesirable reflective mirror phenomenon by this.
For window 62 being transformed into reflection (" closing ") state, be returned to the distortion form thereby delete electric field liquid crystal material 76.In this state, as shown in Fig. 7 a, the illustration ray 106 about 50% of outdoor light is by reflective polarizer 82 reflections (being described to " opening " state).Reflected light is expressed as the ray 108 with (a) polarization state.Be expressed as ray 110, the remaining part of light with (b) polarization state is by absorptive polarizers 86 transmissions, but rotates to (a) polarization state by liquid crystal 70.Remaining last light rotated by liquid crystal 70, and by absorptive polarizers 86, reflective polarizer 82 and glass pane 64 transmissions is returned outdoor by reflective polarizer 84 reflections again.With reference to figure 7b, (a) polarization state composition of the ray 112 of outdoor light is absorbed by absorptive polarizers 88, and (b) polarization state composition (being expressed as ray 114) is absorbed by absorptive polarizers 86.Therefore the beholder under the 62 pairs of outdoor daylight of window in " closing " state is rendered as mirror-like, and indoor beholder is rendered as dark.
In another embodiment, convertible window 1 14 is described in Fig. 8.Window comprises optical gate 116, transparent glass pane 118 and reflective polarizer 120.Optical gate 116 comprises clear window glass 122 (wherein on one side birefringent layers 124 is arranged, reflective polarizer 126 is arranged on the another side).Birefringent layers 124 is preferably condensate thin slice such as PET.To the highest transmission, thin slice is achromatism (achromatic) 1/2 wavelength retarder (retarder) or a LCD.Under any circumstance, reply thin layer 124 is determined direction for max transmissive.Transmission-polarizing device 120 and 126 quadratures.
In the example of " an opening " position, thus rotation optical gate birefringent layers 124 near reflection polarizers 120 and in parallel.At this position birefringent layers 124 between reflective polarizer 120 and 126.Therefore because by the rotation of the linearly polarized light of birefringent layers 124, the random polarization light ray of injecting window 114 be the described same method of front embodiment of convertible window, a part of by transmission and a part is reflected.Corresponding " a closing " position, thus rotation optical gate reflective polarizer 120 near reflection polarizers 126 and in parallel, and birefringent layers 124 departs from reflective polarizer 120.In this position, birefringent layers 124 is not on the position of influence by the rotation of the linearly polarized light of reflective polarizer 120 and 126 transmissions.Because reflective polarizer 120 and 126 is quadratures, by another reflective polariser reflects,, all be reflexible substantially no matter cause when from outdoor or from indoor by the linearly polarized light of a reflective polarizer transmission.
Perhaps, in the inside (observer's there) of reflective polarizer 120, or between reflective polarizer 126 and glass pane 122 or at them, place an absorptive polarizers on both at least.The polarization direction of absorptive polarizers is parallel to the polarization direction of its reflective polarizer of vicinity.Absorptive polarizers provides an anti-reflection characteristic as describing among the embodiment in front.
No matter special characteristics of present embodiment are windows is open to the outside world or " closing " state, always optical gate close to form continuous plate face.These characteristics provide from the good transmission of the unspecified angle in the visual field to window, and provide such as the fruit optical gate is actual and open better heat insulation.
Fig. 9 is the sketch map of Transflective optical display 128, and this display comprises liquid crystal display (LCD) device 130, bias light 132, optical diffuser device 134 and convertible xx. transflector 136.Typically, as the optical display 128 of the complete Transflective of the words of looking squarely by fieldworker 129 will be the plane with rectangle, relative narrower in the cross section (assembly is reciprocally approaching).Optical display 128 also comprises the electronic installation (not shown) that is used for conversion xx. transflector between reflective condition and transmissive state, power supply as previously described and lead-in wire.
Usually, when LCD device 130 was become clear by bias light 132, convertible transflector 136 was transmissions.When turning off bias light 132 and see the LCD device in surround lighting, convertible transflector 136 reflects, thereby increases the brightness and contrast who shows.Operating in Figure 10 and 11 of Transflective optical display 128 described.
Shown in Figure 10, in the preferable backlighted pattern of xx.transfoective optical display 128, apply electric field for xx. transflector 136 and reflective polarizer 144 is parallel with 148.The illustration ray 164 that the guarantor comprises polarization state (a) and random polarization light (b) is produced by bias light 132.Because the voltage that imposes on convertible transflector makes liquid crystal material " non-warping " wherein, ray 164 that part of that (b) polarization state is arranged by the not transmission rotatably of convertible xx. transflector 136, and reflective polarizer 144 is parallel with 148 polarization direction.Be expressed as 168 transmitted light and pass diffusing globe 134, have by the correct polarization state of reflective polarizer 140 transmissions.Simultaneously, be expressed as 166, have that part of of ray 164 of (a) polarization state to be reflected by reflective polarizer 148, and get back to bias light, it is scattered and depolarization there.This light will occur with ray 170 once more from bias light 132, and by partly transmission and the partly reflection of convertible xx. transflector 136.By the reflection and the depolarization of by this way repetition,, and pass convertible xx. transflector 136 with correct polarization state from the major part final " recycle " of the light of bias light 132.
If should notice that liquid crystal board 146 does not just need reflective polarizer 144 the complete optically inactive of the state that applies power supply (promptly all light by reflective polarizer 148 transmissions do not rotate) in convertible xx. transflector 136.If but liquid crystal board 146 keeps birefringences when having applied electric field, then by some part of the visible light of convertible transflector 136 transmissions relative absorptive polarizers 140 there is correct polarization state usually.
As shown in Figure 11, illuminate in the pattern, turn off bias light 132, and apply electric field for convertible xx. transflector 136 at the surround lighting of same xx. Transflective optical display.Therefore, convertible transflector 136 is at reflective condition, as described in earlier in respect of figures 4.The illustration ray 172 of the light around the random polarization is by partly transmission and partly reflection of absorptive polarizers 138.If ray 72 is injected the clean pixel of LCD130, light will be also by absorptive polarizers 140 transmissions by the part (be expressed as ray 174, have polarization state (b)) of absorptive polarizers 138 transmissions.Ray 174 continues by diffusing globe 134, and by 136 reflections, and same polarization state is got back to absorptive polarizers 140 when leaving with it.LCD130 is returned in ray 174 transmissions, produces the eyes that bright pixel is given the beholder.If ray 172 is injected dark pixel (not shown), ray 174 will be absorbed by absorptive polarizers 140.
In this pattern, need diffusing globe 134 to make pixel seem bright from various visual angles.As in the backlit bright pattern,, can remove reflective polarizer 144 if liquid crystal board 146 correctly rotates most of light.Parallax between reflective polarizer 148 and the absorptive polarizers 140 can cause the significantly sacrificing of the brightness that the absorption by the light near the dark pixel causes, it is important therefore doing diffusing globe 134 and liquid crystal board 146 thin as much as possible.Accordingly, in order to put reflective polarizer 148 more approaching with absorptive polarizers 140, deletion reflective polarizer 144 is favourable.
In a preferred embodiment, convertible xx. transflector comprises a pair of reflective polarizer, and this polarizer is as the substrate of restriction liquid crystal material.This structure provides minimum potential range between reflective polarizer 148 and absorptive polarizers 140.
Transflective optical display of the present invention can also be designed to reflective polarizer 144 and 148 quadratures, the configuration of absorptive polarizers 140 and reflective polarizer 148 quadratures when perhaps as not using reflective polarizer 144.In this case, convertible transflector does not add power supply in the backlit bright pattern, in the surround lighting bright mode power supply is arranged.
In the optical display of Fig. 9, the behind of bias light and/or LCD device can be suppressed in flakes or be attached to similarly or install to convertible transflector.Convertible transflector is pressed into sheet installs to bias light and eliminated space between them, therefore reduced otherwise in surface reflection that air/convertible xx. transflector border can take place.These reflections have reduced total transmission of the polarization wanted.
To describe in more detail the present invention by following Example now.All sizes all are similar to.
Example 1
Now construct a reflective polarizer that is used for the present invention.Reflective polarizer comprises two 601 thin layer polarizers, and they and optical cement are suppressed together in flakes.By to the film co-extrusion pressure with go up to determine that at a drawing machine (tenter) direction of film produces 601 thin layer polarizers two days later.Intrinsic viscosity is that tygon (polyethylene) Phthalate (naphthalate) of 0.5dl/g (60wt.% phenol (phenol)/40wt.% dichloro-benzenes (dichlorobenzene)) transmits pressure by an extruder (extruder) with 34kg speed hourly, intrinsic viscosity is CoPEN (70 moles of % of 0.55dl/g (60wt.% benzene/40wt.% dichloro-benzenes), 2,6NDC (naphthalane (naphthalene) dicarboxyl (dicarboxylic) acid) and 30 moles of %DMT (dimethyl terephthalate (dimethylterephthalate)) transmit pressure by another extruder with 30kg speed hourly.
PEN is on superficial layer, and they are become thick extexine (by identical feeding) by co-extrusion pressure, and folds with the thin layer outside as inside by multiplier.Inside and outside superficial layer comprises 8% of polarizer gross thickness.Feedback material method is used to produce 151 layers of thin layer, and they pass two polarizers, produce an extrudate of 601 thin layers.The U.S. the 3rd, 565, No. 985 patent has been described similar co-extrusion pressure floor.All stretchings are all carried out in drawing machine.To film about 140 ℃ carried out preheating about 20 seconds and when horizontal direction stretches with about 6% per second speed reach one about 4.4 draw ratio.This film relax in a heating furnace device at 240 ℃ then (approximately be it maximum ga(u)ge 2%).The thickness of the film of finishing is 46um.
Shown the transmission of single 601 films among Figure 12.Curve a represents the transmission of (a)-polarized light in the incident of normal direction, and curve b represents the transmission of (a)-polarized light 60 ° of incident angles, and curve c represents the transmission of (b) polarized light at the normal incidence angle.Note, (a)-polarized light is in the uneven transmission of normal and 60 ° incident angle.Be also noted that (400-700nm) (b) inhomogeneous delustring of polarized light in visible range of representing by curve c.
Example 2
Now construct another and be used for reflective polarizer of the present invention.This reflective polarizer comprises 603 thin layers, and makes through the processing of a co-extrusion pressure on a continuous flat film.Intrinsic viscosity is that the tygon Phthalate PEN of 0.47dl/g (60% phenol adds 40% dichloro-benzenes) transmits pressure with 38kg speed hourly, and CoPEN transmits pressure with 34kg speed hourly by another co-extrusion press.CoPEN is 70 moles of %, 2,6, and alkane dicarboxylic acid Propylene Glycol ester how, 15 moles of %DMT and 15 moles of %1 have the multipolymer of the different benzoic acid salt of two formicesters of ethylene glycol.Feedback material method is used to produce 151 thin layers.Feedback material is designed to produce the distribution (to PEN and CoPEN, the thickness of optics thin layer be 1.22) of an inclination of thin layer.Stacking by two continuous multipliers of this optics increases.The nominal multiplication of multiplier is than being respectively 1.2 and 1.4.Between back multiplier and die, superficial layer has been coupled with and has comprised above-mentioned identical CoPEN, is 48 per hour to transmit by the 3rd co-extrusion press in total speed.This film is subsequently 150 ℃ of preheatings 30 seconds, and stretches along horizontal direction, reaches about 6 draw ratio with the starting velocity of about 20% per second.The film thickness that is done is approximately 89um.
Figure 13 represents the optical property of this reflective polarizer.Curve a is illustrated in normal incidence, optical transmission at non-stretching direction polarization, curve b represents that plane incident angle and plane polarization are parallel to the optical transmission of non-stretching direction 50 ℃ incident angle, and curve C is illustrated in along the optical transmission of the inclined to one side polarization of draw direction normal incidence.Note, along the high transmission of the light of non-stretching direction polarization.The average transmission that curve a surpasses 400-700nm is 87%.Be also noted that curve c represents in the high delustring of visible range (400-700nm) along the light of draw direction polarization.Curve c 400 and 700nm between film on average be transmitted as 2.5%.The %RMS colour of curve b is 5%.The %RMS colour is the r.m.s. of transmissivity in the wavelength coverage of perception interest.
Example 3
Be configured to another reflective polarizer more of the present invention again.This reflective polarizer comprises one by the film of co-extrusion pressure, and it comprises by in an operation casting net being pushed 481 thin layers that the direction of definite thin layer is made in a laboratory thin layer stretching device then.Feedback material method and 61 thin layers feedback and three (2x) multipliers together use.In the end add upper surface layer between multiplier and the die.Intrinsic viscosity is that 0.47dl/g (60wt.% phenol/40wt.% dichloro-benzenes) tygon phthalic acid PEN is sent to this feedback material by a co-extrusion press with 11.4kg speed hourly.The polyvinyl cyclohexene diformazan that ethylene glycol changes is transmitted with 11.4kg speed hourly by another co-extrusion press at terephthalate (from the next PCTG5445 of Eastman).The casting thin slice is that 0.2mm is thick and 30cm is wide.Determine the direction of book sheet with stretching device single shaft ground, laboratory, this device use a part that eidograph catches film with even velocity along a direction stretch (when allowing in other direction when freely lax).About 5.40cm of the sample of thin slice wide (in free direction) and 7.45cm are long.With thin slice about 100 ℃ put stretcher into and be heated to 135 ℃ 45 seconds.Begin stretching (based on original dimensions) with 20% speed hourly then and be stretched to about 1: 6 (based on the size of anchor clamps) to anchor clamps up to sample.After stretching, cool off by the air that it is blown room temperature at once.Be found at the center sample and relaxed 2 times.
Figure 14 has shown the transmission of these multilayer film, wherein curve a is illustrated in along the optical transmission of the polarization of non-stretching direction normal incidence, curve b is illustrated in the optical transmission that (p-polarized light) plane incident and plane polarization on 60 ° the incident angle all are parallel to non-stretching direction, and curve c is illustrated in along the optical transmission of the polarization of draw direction normal incidence.Curve a is 89.7% from the average transmission of 400-700nm, and curve b is 96.9% from the average transmission of 400-700nm, and curve c is 4.0% from the average transmission of 400-700nm.The %RMS colour of curve a is 1.05%, and the RMS colour of curve b is 1.44%.
Example 4
Convertible tabula rasa of the present invention is like this preparation, will comprise the both sides that reflective polarizer that multilayer optical described here stacks installs to the STN pixel LCD of having deleted its absorptive polarizers.Along the edge of polarizer, reflective polarizer is fixed to LCD by sticking band.The polarization direction of each reflective polarizer places parallel with the orientation of liquid crystal on each substrate, thereby can obtain maximum visible delustring when the reflective polarizer quadrature.
Tabula rasa is placed in the surround lighting, and carries out the supervision of vision.Tabula rasa is not the transparent of part during making alive.Tabula rasa deviation mirror shape performance when applying voltage.
Example 5
The convertible window of a machinery is constructed as follows: with 4/1 wavelength, in a be added to side of 10 * 10 * 0.16cm transparency glass plate of the birefringent film of the 560nm of Polaroid Corp. wavelength.As the be added to opposition side of plate of first reflective polarizer in the example 1.With the second identical reflective polarizer of first structure, second transparency glass plate that is added to.Glass plate is installed in the parallel groove, and the conversion of available hand.
By the optical transmission that passes window in " closing " and " opening " position measurement convertible window is estimated.Light source is 12 volts of metal halogen tungsten lamps.Measured by amorphous silicon element photodiode by the light intensity of transmission, it is only to the visible light sensitivity.In " closing " position, it is parallel with second block of plate that first block of plate places, and birefringent film outwardly, perhaps from second block of plate farthest.In order to be transformed into " opening " position, thereby 180 ° of birefringent films of first plate upset are inside, perhaps at second block of plate nearby and between two polarizers.Also by 1) two glass plates 2 that do not have polarizer or birefringent film) two reflective polarizers (polarization direction is parallel, each glass plate that all is added to) carry out two kinds of control transmission measurements.Second control will be simulated the appearance of the preferable birefringent film between polarizer.The results are shown in the following table:
| The position | The relative transmission of % |
| 1) " closes " | ????5 |
| 2) " open " | ????32 |
| 3) 2 glass plates | ????100 |
| 4) 2 parallel polarizers on the glass plate | ????42 |
The transmission of two glass plates is referenced as 100%.1), 2), with 4) the relative transmission of % and that value relatively.But window is mechanical switch between 5 and 35% transmission.To a theoretic desirable birefringent film, as described in position 4, be transmitted as 42%.
Claims (17)
1. convertible optical devices (8) is characterized in that comprising:
Convertible tabula rasa (10), described tabula rasa comprises:
The transparent optically-active thin layer (12) that first and second first type surfaces are arranged;
Be installed in first reflective polarizer (32) on first first type surface of described optically-active thin layer; And
Be installed in second reflective polarizer (34) on second first type surface of described optically-active thin layer; And
Be used for the device (19,21,23) between reflective condition and transmissive state, changed.
2. convertible window (62) is characterized in that comprising:
Convertible tabula rasa (68), described tabula rasa comprises:
Liquid-crystal apparatus (70), described liquid-crystal apparatus is included in parallel registration and forms first and second transparent planar substrate (72 of cavity, 74), each described substrate has outer surface and towards the surface, inside of cavity, and is limited to the liquid crystal material (76) in the described cavity;
Be installed in first reflective polarizer (82) on the outer surface of first substrate of liquid crystal; And
Be installed in second reflective polarizer (84) on the outer surface of second substrate of liquid crystal; And
The device (90,92,94) that is used for the described tabula rasa of electronic switch between open mode and closed condition.
3. window as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising a pair of parallel registration and form the glass pane (64,66) in a space between them, and wherein said convertible tabula rasa is placed between the glass pane and with parallel with them.
4. window as claimed in claim 2, also be included in parallel registration and between them, form first and second clear window glass in a space, each described glass pane has one and the outer surface faced of space, it is characterized in that convertible tabula rasa is placed on the outer surface of a glass pane.
5. window as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described transferred electron device is included in the lip-deep continuous transparency conducting layer (78,80) in the inside of substrate of liquid-crystal apparatus and is used for providing voltage to liquid-crystal apparatus, is connected to the device (90 of the driving electronics of conductive layer, 92,94).
6. device as claimed in claim 1, described optically-active thin layer comprises liquid-crystal apparatus, and described liquid-crystal apparatus comprises:
A pair ofly at parallel registration also form the transparent substrates (14,16) of cavity, each substrate has surface, inside and the outer surface towards cavity;
At the lip-deep conductive layer in the inside of each substrate (20,22); And
The liquid crystal material that forms in the described cavity (18);
It is characterized in that described switchable device comprises the system (19,21,23) that is used for liquid-crystal apparatus is provided the driving electronics that is connected to conductive material of voltage.
7. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that also being included in the optical delay between liquid-crystal apparatus and the reflective polarizer.
8. device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that first and second reflective polarizers all comprise an adjacent materials thin layer multilayer laminated to (44), each described thin layer is to the adjacent thin layer (41 on the first direction in the polarizer plane, 43) present refractive index difference between, and the difference that does not present refractive index between the adjacent thin layer in the polarizer plane and on the second direction of first direction quadrature.
9. as claimed in claim 1 or 2, first and second reflective polarizers all comprise first kind and second kind of thin layer (41 that material overlaps, 43) composite wafer, each layer all has the average thickness less than 0.5 μ m, it is characterized in that described first kind of material represented the birefringence of stress induction, and described thin slice is a uniaxial tension.
10. as described in the claim 9, composite wafer comprises and is used for reflecting the right lamination of light thin layer that has from the wavelength of 400 to 800nm scope, it is characterized in that described each lamination to all having in abutting connection with the thin layer of first kind of polymer material of second kind of polymer material of one deck, wherein lamination comprises thin layer the thickness that it distributed is enabled to reflect light from 400 to 800nm wavelength.
11. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described conductive material is included in the lip-deep continuous transparency conducting layer in inside of substrate.
12. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described optically-active thin layer comprises the birefringent thermoplastic of single shaft guiding.
13. a device comprises:
Convertible tabula rasa (10) comprises:
Twisted nematic liquid crystal device (12), comprise parallel registration and between them, form first and second transparent substrates (14 of cavity, 16), each described substrate has an outer surface and a surface, inside towards cavity, and is formed on the liquid crystal material (18) in the cavity;
Be installed in the lip-deep continuous transparency conducting layer in inside (20,22) of substrate;
Be installed in first reflective polarizer (32) on the outer surface of first substrate; And
Be installed in second reflective polarizer (34) on the outer surface of second substrate; And
Be connected to the system of the driving electronics of conductive layer;
It is characterized in that first and second reflective polarizers all comprise the lamination of at least 100 layers of thin layer to (44), wherein each thin layer is to all comprising the first forward birefringence thin layer in abutting connection with second thin layer, wherein the right thickness of each thin layer is in 100 to 500nm scope, lamination is stretched by single shaft ground with the ratio in 4: 1 to 7: 1 scopes, each forward birefringence thin layer in the refractive index of draw direction greater than the lateral refraction rate, its value is between 0.1 and 0.3, thereby tabula rasa can conversion electronically between reflective condition and transmissive state.
14. device as claimed in claim 13 it is characterized in that described first thin layer comprises PEN, and the second layer comprises coPEN, a kind of among sPS and the Eastar.
15. convertible optical devices comprise:
Convertible tabula rasa comprises:
Liquid-crystal apparatus comprises:
With parallel registration and form a pair of reflective polarizer of cavity between them, reflective polarizer all has surface, inside and the outer surface towards cavity;
Be formed on the liquid crystal material in the cavity; And
At the lip-deep transparency conducting layer in the inside of reflective polarizer; And
Be connected to the system of the driving electronics of conductive layer, thus the conversion electronically between reflective condition and transmissive state of described tabula rasa.
16. a convertible window (114) comprises:
First clear window glass (118) that first and second first type surfaces are arranged;
Be installed in first reflective polarizer (120) on first clear window glass;
At least one optical gate (116), described optical gate comprises second clear window glass (122), be installed in second reflective polarizer (126) on second clear window glass, be installed on described second clear window glass, the birefringence thin layer (124) relative with second reflective polarizer; And
Be used for that optical gate rotated to birefringence thin layer or vicinity and be parallel to the device of second reflective polarizer of first reflective polarizer, thus window mechanically conversion between the opening and closing state.
17. the optical display of a Transflective (128) comprises:
Liquid crystal indicator (130), described device comprise preceding absorptive polarizers (138), back absorptive polarizers (140) and the pixel liquid crystal indicator (142) between them;
The bias light (132) that is used for bright liquid crystal indicator;
Optical diffuser device (134) between liquid crystal indicator and bias light; And
Convertible transflector (136) between optical diffuser device and bias light, described convertible transflector comprises:
No pixel liquid crystal device (146) comprising:
Preceding substrate (150), described preceding substrate surface reaches the back substrate (152) that forms cavity with parallel registration north between them to the optical diffuser device, and each substrate all has a surface, inside and an outer surface towards cavity;
At the lip-deep conductive material in the inside of each substrate (156,158); And
Be formed on the liquid crystal material (154) in the cavity;
Described no pixel liquid-crystal apparatus has preceding alignment direction relevant with preceding substrate and the back alignment direction relevant with back substrate;
Reflective polarizer (148) is installed on the back substrate of no pixel liquid crystal indicator, contiguous bias light; And
The device (156,158) that is used for electronic switch between reflective condition and perspective state, wherein the polarization direction of back absorptive polarizers is parallel to the preceding alignment direction of no pixel liquid-crystal apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96195043A CN1189224A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-06-03 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/494,916 | 1995-06-26 | ||
| CN96195043A CN1189224A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-06-03 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1189224A true CN1189224A (en) | 1998-07-29 |
Family
ID=5128966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96195043A Pending CN1189224A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-06-03 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1189224A (en) |
Cited By (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7057681B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2006-06-06 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display with mirror mode having top reflective polarizer |
| US7534721B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2009-05-19 | Sony Corporation | Semiconductor device manufacturing device |
| CN101968593A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-02-09 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Carbon nano tube-polyurethane composite smart film and preparation method thereof |
| US8072672B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2011-12-06 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| US8076661B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2011-12-13 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
| US8169685B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-05-01 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched absorptive window shutter |
| US8284336B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-10-09 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
| CN102759834A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-10-31 | 三星移动显示器株式会社 | Display apparatus and method of operating the same |
| CN102929034A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
| US8634137B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2014-01-21 | Ravenbrick Llc | Glare management of reflective and thermoreflective surfaces |
| US8643795B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2014-02-04 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a refractive optical structure |
| US8665414B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2014-03-04 | Ravenbrick Llc | Methods for fabricating thermochromic filters |
| US8699114B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2014-04-15 | Ravenbrick Llc | Multifunctional building component |
| US8828176B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2014-09-09 | Ravenbrick Llc | Polymer stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
| US8867132B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2014-10-21 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermochromic filters and stopband filters for use with same |
| CN104303102A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-01-21 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Method for projection or back-projection onto glass comprising a transparent layered element having diffuse reflection properties |
| CN104350417A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-02-11 | 夏普株式会社 | Display system |
| US9694753B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2017-07-04 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle |
| US9694749B2 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2017-07-04 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Trailer hitching aid system for vehicle |
| US9783114B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-10-10 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicular video mirror system |
| US9809168B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-11-07 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Driver assist system for vehicle |
| US9809171B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-11-07 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Vision system for vehicle |
| CN107548471A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2018-01-05 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | Optics switchable layer for optical switching element |
| US9878670B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2018-01-30 | Donnelly Corporation | Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly |
| US10029616B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2018-07-24 | Donnelly Corporation | Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle |
| CN108369357A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | Speculum including reflecting backlit display |
| US10144355B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2018-12-04 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle |
| CN109073921A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-12-21 | 夏普株式会社 | Switching regulator reflecting mirror panel and switching regulator mirror device |
| US10175477B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2019-01-08 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Display system for vehicle |
| CN109983395A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-07-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Laminated body, dimming device, light modulation component, vehicle |
| US10699612B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2020-06-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system with specular reflective mode |
| US10708575B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2020-07-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system with diffuse and specular reflective modes |
| CN112074644A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-12-11 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | Potential-driven shades having improved coil strength, method for the production thereof and method for the operation thereof |
| CN112154251A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-12-29 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | Potential driven light shield including a light shutter supporting a surface modified conductive coating, methods of making the same, and methods of operating the same |
-
1996
- 1996-06-03 CN CN96195043A patent/CN1189224A/en active Pending
Cited By (67)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10144355B2 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2018-12-04 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle |
| US10131280B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2018-11-20 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicular video mirror system |
| US9809171B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-11-07 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Vision system for vehicle |
| US9809168B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-11-07 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Driver assist system for vehicle |
| US10053013B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2018-08-21 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Vision system for vehicle |
| US10239457B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2019-03-26 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Vehicular vision system |
| US9783114B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2017-10-10 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicular video mirror system |
| US10179545B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2019-01-15 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Park-aid system for vehicle |
| US10272839B2 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2019-04-30 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Rear seat occupant monitoring system for vehicle |
| US9694749B2 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2017-07-04 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Trailer hitching aid system for vehicle |
| US7057681B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2006-06-06 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display with mirror mode having top reflective polarizer |
| US7534721B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2009-05-19 | Sony Corporation | Semiconductor device manufacturing device |
| US10661716B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2020-05-26 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicular exterior electrically variable reflectance mirror reflective element assembly |
| US10029616B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2018-07-24 | Donnelly Corporation | Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle |
| US10538202B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2020-01-21 | Donnelly Corporation | Method of manufacturing variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly |
| US9878670B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2018-01-30 | Donnelly Corporation | Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly |
| US10363875B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2019-07-30 | Donnelly Corportion | Vehicular exterior electrically variable reflectance mirror reflective element assembly |
| US10829053B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2020-11-10 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator |
| US10150417B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2018-12-11 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle |
| US10308186B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2019-06-04 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator |
| US11285879B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2022-03-29 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator element |
| US9758102B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2017-09-12 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle |
| US11072288B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2021-07-27 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator element |
| US9694753B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2017-07-04 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle |
| US11124121B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2021-09-21 | Magna Electronics Inc. | Vehicular vision system |
| US8593581B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2013-11-26 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
| US8076661B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2011-12-13 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
| CN102967961A (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2013-03-13 | 雷文布里克有限责任公司 | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| CN101802679B (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-12-12 | 雷文布里克有限责任公司 | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| CN102967961B (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2016-01-20 | 雷文布里克有限责任公司 | thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| US8072672B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2011-12-06 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| US8755105B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2014-06-17 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
| US8760750B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2014-06-24 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched absorptive window shutter |
| US8169685B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-05-01 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched absorptive window shutter |
| US10175477B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2019-01-08 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Display system for vehicle |
| US8634137B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2014-01-21 | Ravenbrick Llc | Glare management of reflective and thermoreflective surfaces |
| US8665414B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2014-03-04 | Ravenbrick Llc | Methods for fabricating thermochromic filters |
| US9188804B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2015-11-17 | Ravenbrick Llc | Methods for fabricating thermochromic filters |
| US8643795B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2014-02-04 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a refractive optical structure |
| US8284336B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-10-09 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
| US10247936B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2019-04-02 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
| US8867132B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2014-10-21 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermochromic filters and stopband filters for use with same |
| US8828176B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2014-09-09 | Ravenbrick Llc | Polymer stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
| US9256085B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2016-02-09 | Ravenbrick Llc | Multifunctional building component |
| US8699114B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2014-04-15 | Ravenbrick Llc | Multifunctional building component |
| CN101968593B (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Carbon nano tube-polyurethane composite dimming film and preparation method thereof |
| CN101968593A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-02-09 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Carbon nano tube-polyurethane composite smart film and preparation method thereof |
| CN102759834A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-10-31 | 三星移动显示器株式会社 | Display apparatus and method of operating the same |
| CN102759834B (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2016-12-14 | 三星显示有限公司 | Display device and the method operating this display device |
| CN104303102B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2019-05-03 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | For the method for projection or back projection on the glass comprising the transparent layered element with diffusing reflection property |
| CN104303102A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-01-21 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Method for projection or back-projection onto glass comprising a transparent layered element having diffuse reflection properties |
| US10708575B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2020-07-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system with diffuse and specular reflective modes |
| CN104350417A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-02-11 | 夏普株式会社 | Display system |
| US9679506B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2017-06-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple function display system |
| CN104350417B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2017-07-25 | 夏普株式会社 | Display system |
| CN102929034A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
| US10699612B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2020-06-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display system with specular reflective mode |
| CN107548471A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2018-01-05 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | Optics switchable layer for optical switching element |
| CN107548471B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2021-07-02 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | Optical switching layer for optical switching element |
| CN108369357A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | Speculum including reflecting backlit display |
| CN109073921B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2021-08-17 | 夏普株式会社 | Switch type mirror panel and switch type mirror device |
| CN109073921A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-12-21 | 夏普株式会社 | Switching regulator reflecting mirror panel and switching regulator mirror device |
| CN109983395A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-07-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Laminated body, dimming device, light modulation component, vehicle |
| CN109983395B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2022-12-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Sun visor, light modulation device and vehicle |
| CN112154251A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-12-29 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | Potential driven light shield including a light shutter supporting a surface modified conductive coating, methods of making the same, and methods of operating the same |
| CN112154251B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2022-03-15 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | Potential driven light shield including a light shutter supporting a surface modified conductive coating, methods of making the same, and methods of operating the same |
| CN112074644A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-12-11 | 佳殿玻璃有限公司 | Potential-driven shades having improved coil strength, method for the production thereof and method for the operation thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1189224A (en) | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state | |
| JP3687976B2 (en) | Optical panel switchable between reflective and transmissive states | |
| CN107407833B (en) | Mirror display | |
| JP4060332B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| CN1219233C (en) | LCD, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic device | |
| JP4727629B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| KR101167440B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| KR101005466B1 (en) | Transparent see-through display device | |
| US9423648B2 (en) | Transflective display panel, method for fabricating the same and display device | |
| EP4075190A1 (en) | Dimming glass and glass module | |
| JPH11281974A (en) | Display device and electronic equipment using the same | |
| CN1688906A (en) | Optical film and liquid crystal display | |
| US20060033865A1 (en) | Composite display unit and electric apparatus using this | |
| JP2000019500A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| WO2002084389A1 (en) | Translucent reflective liquid crystal display | |
| CN1282896C (en) | Liquid crystal display including O-type & E-type polarizer | |
| KR20140013960A (en) | High light transmittance and color adjusting circular polarizing plate and reflective liquid crystal displays comprising the same | |
| US20150153503A1 (en) | Backlight module and transparent display device comprising the same | |
| CN1688919A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3317158B2 (en) | Reflective liquid crystal display | |
| WO2021045100A1 (en) | Light control member | |
| US20230221600A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| CN1409135A (en) | Polazied plate and its producing method and liquid crystal display | |
| CN1959498A (en) | Display with double faces | |
| CN1524195A (en) | Substrate with cholesteric layer and display having the substrate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |