CN1238891A - 在通信网络中动态通信管理的方法和路由选择系统 - Google Patents

在通信网络中动态通信管理的方法和路由选择系统 Download PDF

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CN1238891A
CN1238891A CN97199992.9A CN97199992A CN1238891A CN 1238891 A CN1238891 A CN 1238891A CN 97199992 A CN97199992 A CN 97199992A CN 1238891 A CN1238891 A CN 1238891A
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R·斯塔德曼
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/64—Distributing or queueing
    • H04Q3/66—Traffic distributors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13103—Memory
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13109—Initializing, personal profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13141—Hunting for free outlet, circuit or channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13164—Traffic (registration, measurement,...)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13213—Counting, timing circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13217—Cranckback in routing, trombone connection, loopback circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13332—Broadband, CATV, dynamic bandwidth allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13344—Overflow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13353—Routing table, map memory

Abstract

一个通信网络的动态路由选择应当与相应网络现有的通信负载相匹配，以使网络的通过量实现最优化。本发明的路由选择是通过一个动态的通路的扇(星)形组—其各通路是考虑了被取消的时间顺序来重新预置(赋予初值)的—来解决这一问题的。

Description

在通信网络中动态通信管理的 方法和路由选择系统
本发明涉及一种在通信网络中动态通信管理的方法和一种路由选择系统。
在具有n个节点的、不分层的全回路网络中对每个起始-目标-对存在着(n-2)条只有两段的备用路由。该范围内总共有n×(n-1)×(n-2)条备用路由，在不平衡的负载网络中，若干条通路负载不足，其他的通路则过载。
不分层结构的转接线路的通信网络需要一种与当时网络内通信负载情况相匹配的动态路由选择(dynamic routing)，以使网络的通过量达到最优化。特别是各负载不平衡的情况，必须通过路由选择予以缓和。
而在分层的网络中，如象在常规路由选择一样也在动态通路选择时试图通过一条或多条单一通路(planweg)(其中多数是直达通路)建立通信连接。如果这是不可能的，因为，例如所有直达通路的中继线束都被占用，则过量话务被分配给备用路由。
在备用路由的选择上、动态路由选择和常规通路选择有着原则的区别。常规路由选择的管理是按照固定不变的顺序去选择未被占用的通路，或者是一种对未占用的信道的搜索“fixed alternate routing”。依此路由选择对事先未做计划的、超乎寻常的负载情况只能很不充分地作出反应。
动态路由选择会把正在形成的过量话务分配给一条或多条工作的备用路由。这条或者这些条工作的备用路由不是固定的，而是根据当时的动态路由选择方法选出的，或者甚至是根据每个呼叫重新确定的。动态路由选择的优点在于针对网络负载不平衡的情况表现出的可靠性和灵活性，该不平衡可能是由于例如暂时的不平衡负载(例如当灾难发生时，有限空间内大通信量的出现)和网络能力降低(中继线束故障、中继转接单元故障)产生的。此外在网络规划时不安全因素也可以得到比较好的补偿。
集中的状态控制(动态)的路由选择方法以一个网络中央处理器为基础，该处理器从各节点处得到关于当前的、局部负载情况的信息。适宜的、负载不足的通路就这样被集中测定，并且相应地通知网络节点。而不利的方面首先是对于网络中心、数据传输以及在网络节点上必需附加的计算容量所带来的巨大耗费。
离散的状态控制(动态)方法(例如见EP 0 449 480 A3,EP 0 376556A3)是以不分层(部分-)网络的初始节点的中继线群的负载状态的回答信号为基础。这些方法有其缺点，即节点之间的非标准化接口要求同质的网络(例如网络节点只出自同一个制造商)此外，在发送信号方面也需要较高的耗费。
离散的、事件控制(动态)的路由选择方法(例如，见EP 0 229 494B1)能够实现性能的提高，即通过占据通道的事件的分析了解各自的负载情况。该方法利用占据通道的信息(阻塞事件信息Blocking eventinformation)，以便通过一个其它通路取代该阻塞通路然而在这一过程中要分清偶发阻塞(提供的通信的统计起伏引起的)和几乎完全阻塞(不平衡负载或部分网络过载引起的)两者之间的区别。
在欧洲专利申报EP 0 696 147 A1(SAG-intern 94P1542E)中公开了一种如权利要求1之前序部分中的所述的离散的事件控制方法。
在高负载情况下也会出现路径扇形组(Wegfaecher)很快变小和很快被重新预置的情况。因为在这种情况下，随着以前取消的备用路由的重新充填，会发生较短时间以前取消的备用路由被路径扇形组重新接纳的现象。由于这些备用路由的负载在短时间内几乎不可能发生改变，所以路径扇形组将又很快缩小，并很快重新恢复初始化。尤其在高负载时，上述过程将大大消减该方法的性能。
本发明的任务在于避免上述的缺点。
这项任务由权利要求1的特征解决。
本发明防止已经从路径扇形组中消除的、高负荷的备用路由过早地被重新赋予过量的通信任务并且重又参预通信，尽管长期消除的备用路由可能又有足够的容量以供使用。
下面借助附图对本发明方法的一个实施例进一步加以阐述。
附图展现的是一个有六个网络交换节点的、并且在各节点间的通路段(链路)具有相应的容量的小的全回路网络简图，其中，一条链路(Link)至少包括一组中继线束。
现在假设交换节点1要呼叫节点2，但是两交换节点之间的直接路由不能使用。
接着假设通路扇形组，就是说有效的备用路由的扇形组在最后一次的重新预置之后包括三条备用路由，即经过交换节点3、4、5的两链路-备用路由。
此外，从这样一点出发，即过量通信被路由选择系统循环地、均匀地，也就是按照转接节点3、4、5的顺序分配给这些有效的备用路由。
在上面假设的前提下，该路由选择系统在节点1首先去检验是否经过转接节点3的有效备用路由的第一条链路可供使用，也就是说，交换节点3和交换节点1之间的链路是否具有可占用的空间线路，或者是可供使用的信道(以下只称“信道”)。
为了能够进行这项检验，该路由选择系统在交换节点1存储着在交换节点1和交换节点3之间的链路的最大容量，即例如125条信道，以及该链路的干线-预留-参数，这里假如是10条，此外该路由选择系统还存储着瞬时可以使用的信道数量。在交换节点1和交换节点3之间的链路从路由选择系统的角度来看，对于过量话务是可以利用的，如果已经使用的信道数量加上干线预留参数之和小于125(干线预留是为了保证在高负荷范围内路由选择方法的稳定性)。
如果第一条链路是可以使用的交换节点1首先建立起通向交换节点3的连接。交换节点3的路由选择系统于是在继续建立通向目标交换节点2连接之前，检验第2条链路的可利用性，即检验是否已占用的信道数量加上干线预留参数之和小于第2条链路的容量(对此，交换节点3的路由选择系统知道交换节点2和3之间链路的最大容量，该链路的干线预留参数和该链路瞬时的信道占用数量)。
如果所述的有效备用路由的第二条链路也可使用的话，则从过渡节点3到目标节点2之间的连接就建立起来了。
在所提到的经过过渡节点3的呼叫的成功转接的情况下。将在下一次呼叫无法直接到达交换节点2时再次试图对过量的呼叫通过节点3进行控制。备用路由相互直接成功提供的呼叫数量将计数，在达到事先给出的成功呼叫次数的最大值后将循环地更迭，也就是说，下一个过量呼叫通过最近的有效备用路由，亦即通过过渡节点4，进行控制，这样在第2条链路上通信提供以瞬时自相关被使用，以便提高这样的概率，即在成功的建立连接之后能立即在同样的通路上建立起另一个连接。
如果在所谓的最大数量即将达到或达到时，一条备用路由的不可利用性就被确定了(例如过渡节点3确定通向目标节点2的链路不可利用，并且节点3将用一个特别标识的反馈信号取消通向始点1的连接段)，那么由路径扇形组中将取消备用路由，其中由路径扇形组中取消备用路由的时间顺序将被记录下来。
如果向备用路由成功提供的呼叫数小于一个确定值，那么被取消的备用路由将被接收到备用路由的在第一群量(所谓的第一无源群量)中；如果成功提供的呼叫数达到或超过这个确定值，那么将被接收到备用路由的第2(无源)群量中。由路径扇形组取消的备用路由按照时间顺序被记录下来，并且路径扇形组在重新预置时也是按照这个顺序，先取消的先充填。
该路径扇形组根据一个确定的事件出现(例如，网络管理指令或时间周期运行)和/或根据一个确定条件(例如，低于路径扇形组中事先给出的备用路由的数量)进入重新预置。路径扇形组用先取消的备用路由先用来充填的时间顺序来完成重新预置。在这个过程中首先只考虑来自第一无源群量的备用路由。可是，如果数量不足以充填通路扇形组的话，也要考虑第二无源群量的备用路由。
如果过渡节点3确定通往目标节点2的链路(第二条链路)不可利用，则节点3将用一个特殊标识的反馈信号(crankback-信号)取消通向初始节点1的连接段。
起始节点1的路由选择系统因此而取消这条出自路径扇形组、经过过渡节点3、通向目标节点2的备用路由。这些不可利用的、在第二条链路上由路径扇形组中取消的备用路由将接以上说明的方式被再度处理。

Claims (2)

1．通信网络中的动态通信管理方法，依此
a)在一个起始交换节点和一个目标节点之间的呼叫首先提供给一个或多个优选路径(单一路径PlanWeg)，
b)对于无单一路径可供使用的情况，呼叫被按一个确定的选择简图提供给包含在一个路径扇形组中的备用路由，
c)一条至今仍包括在路径扇形组中的备用路由将从该扇形组取消，一旦在提供呼叫时确认它不再是可供使用的了，
d)路径扇形组在一个确定事件的出现和/或满足一个确定条件之后被重新预置，即用先前被取消的备用路由重又用于充填该扇形组，
其特征在于，
e)记录下备用路由从路径扇形组中取消的时间顺序，
f)用这样的备用路由重新充填路径扇形组，这些备用路由按时间顺序已从路径扇形组中被取消的时间最长。
2．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
a)被选出来承担过量话务的路径扇形组中的一条备用路由在按照所提到的选择简图把呼叫转入下一个备用路由以前提供给它的呼叫数会直至达到事先给定的最大值，
b)记录下提供给该备用路由的直至达到可能发生的阻塞时的呼叫数，
c)如果该呼叫数低于一个给定值、该路径就会在一个第一无源群量来临时被备用路由组接收；如果达到或超过给定值，该路径就会在一个第二无源群量来到时被备用路由组接收，
d)路径扇形组通过以下方法被重新预置：
d1)首先是那些来自第一无源群量的，并且在时间上已最长时间地从路径扇形组中被取消的备用路由又重新被接收到路径扇形组中，
d2)如果这些备用路由不足以填满路径扇形组，那么那些来自第二无源群量的，并且在时间上已最长时间地从路径扇形组中被取消的备用路由也被接收到路径扇形组中。
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