CN1246268A - 叠层式有机发光器件的驱动电路 - Google Patents
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Abstract
涉及将叠层式有机发光器件(SOLED)(40)的单个发光元件偏置的装置。提供一种包括驱动器(10、20、30)的电路,用来独立地驱动常规SOLED中的各个OLED,该常规SOLED的一个电极(47)接地,另一个电极(41、43、45)用于叠层中的各OLED。而且,还描述了叠层中的每个OLED都有一个接地标的新SOLED结构。还描述了具有正立和反转结构的OLED的SOLED。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光器件领域,具体地,涉及叠层式有机发光器件(SOLED)及驱动这些器件的装置。
背景技术
有机发光器件(OLED)是采用被电流激励而发光的有机电致发光(EL)材料的发光器件。可将多个OLED布置阵列以形成显示器。
在彩色显示器中,需要将发出不同颜色,通常是三原色即蓝、绿和红色的OLED布置成彼此非常靠近。在这种应用中,最好将三个OLED层叠,由此形成可发出任一颜色光的真色象素,其中这三个OLED分别发出三原色中的一种颜色的光。在PCT国际申请WO96/19792中描述了这种结构。
在该叠层结构中,在SOLED的叠层的底部设置电极层,并在叠层的每个OLED之间和最上层的OLED的顶部也设置电极层。底电极层通常与接地标连接,中间电极层和顶电极层则与正、负驱动电压中的一个相连接。
如果在SOLED中只有一个电极层与接地标连接,且叠层中的每一个OLED只有一个电极层,就会出现彼此独立地驱动叠层中的各个OLED的问题。因此需要驱动这样构成的叠层OLED或其它构成的层叠OLED的装置。
发明简述
本发明涉及用来独立地驱动叠层式OLED结构(SOLED)中的各OLED的装置。
在传统的SOLED中,叠层的各OLED之间只有一个电极,且只有设置在叠层最下面的一个电极接地。对于这种结构,本发明提供的驱动电路根据施加在驱动电路上的输入控制信号产生应用于设置在各OLED之间的电极的电压。驱动电路根据各个输入控制信号控制SOLED中的各OLED发出的光的亮度,使得输入控制信号的大小与各对应OLED发出的光的亮度成直接对应关系。
本发明还提供了一些SOLED结构的实施方案。这些结构无须附加外电路就可直接控制叠层结构中的各OLED。
在第一实施方案中,向每个OLED都提供接地的第一电极,和与正的或负的驱动电压相连接的第二电极。在叠层的两个OLED的相邻电极之间提供绝缘层。
在另一实施方案中,向每个OLED都提供接地的第一电极,和与正的或负的驱动电压相连接的第二电极。在叠层的两个OLED的相邻电极之间提供绝缘层。而且,中间的OLED具有反转的结构。在该实施方案中,只需要相同极性的驱动电压,因此无需双极性的电源。
在第三实施方案中,只有一个电极层接地。每个OLED被直接控制,且无需绝缘层。中间的OLED具有反转的结构。只需要相同极性的电压。
本发明的电路和SOLED具有广泛的用途。包括计算机显示、运输工具(vehicle)的信息显示、电视监视器、电话机、打印机、发光标牌(illuminated sign)、大面积屏幕及广告牌等。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的驱动常规叠层OLED结构的电路的示意实施方案;
图2是根据本发明的叠层OLED结构的第一实施方案;
图3是根据本发明的叠层OLED结构的第二实施方案;
图4是根据本发明的叠层OLED结构的第三实施方案。
发明详述
图1是驱动叠层式OLED(SOLED)结构40的电路的示意实施方案。图1的SOLED结构包括三个OLED,各发射红光、绿光和蓝光的一种,分别用R、G和B表示。为了实现本发明的目的,发出的实际颜色是不相关的。在采用SOLED的普通显示中优选采用三原色红、绿和蓝,以获得各种可能的颜色组合。而且,尽量示出了红OLED层叠在绿OLED之上,而绿OLED又层叠在蓝OLED之上,而实际上各种层叠顺序都是可以的。SOLED 40可按照美国专利申请No.08/354,674和08/613,207所公开的进行制造,它们在此引入作为参考。
驱动OLED叠层结构的电路包括三个可用运算入大器实现的驱动器10、20和30。驱动器10、20和30的各自的输入端分别与接线端B、G、R相连,其上分别施加决定叠层OLED结构40中的相应OLED发出的光的期望亮度的控制信号。
叠层OLED结构40在衬底50上制作,衬底50由基本透明的材料如玻璃构成。叠层结构40的底层是电极层47。在图1所示的示意实施方案中,电极层47用作正极并接地。在电极层47上设置发蓝光的第一OLED。第一OLED包含用作空穴传输层(HTL)的有机材料层64h,THL 46h淀积在电极层47上。在HTL 46h上再淀积用作电子传输层(ETL)和电致发光层(EL)的有机材料层46e。也可以用两个不同的层实现ETL和EL。在ETL/EL 46e上淀积半透明电极层45。
在第一OLED上制作第二OLED。与第一OLED同样地制作的第二OLED包括淀积在电极层45上的HTL 44h和淀积在HTL 44h的ETL/EL44e。在ETL/EL 44e上淀积半透明电极层43。
位于第一和第二OLED之间的电极45与驱动器10的输出端相连接。驱动器10产生驱动第一OLED的电压VB。通过电压VB的大小控制第一OLED发出的蓝光的亮度。
位于第二和第三OLED之间的电极43与驱动器20的输出端相连接。驱动器20产生电压VG电压VG与VB相结合确定第二OLED发出的绿光的亮度。更具体地说,第二OLED发出的光的亮度是加在第二OLED上的电压的函数。加在第二OLED上的电压是电极43和45之间的电压,即VG-VB。
位于第三OLED之上的电极41与驱动器30的输出端相连接。驱动器30产生电压VR,电压VR与VG相结合确定第三OLED发出的红光的亮度。第三OLED发出的光的亮度是加在第三OLED上的电压,即电极41和43之间的电压或VR-VG的函数。
结合电阻11和12,运算放大器10构造成使运算放大器产生的电压VB与接线端B施加的控制信号电压相等或成比例。电阻11连接在运算放大器10的反向输入端与接地之间,电阻12连接在运算放大器10的反向输入端与运算放大器10的输出端之间。这样构造的运算放大器10的闭环放大率由电阻11和12的值确定。更具体地,
VB=(1+R12/R11)V(B)其中,R11和R12分别是电阻11和12的值,V(B)是施加在接线端B的输入控制信号的电压。如果电阻12被短路代替,则VB=V(B),即蓝OLED的亮度由加在控制接线端B的电压确定。
结合电阻13、21、22和24,运算放大器20可被构造成使运算放大器20产生的电压VG,与VB和加在接线端G的电压V(G)的和成比例。接线端G通过电阻24与运算放大器20的非反向输入端相连接,在接线端G上施加用于绿OLED的控制信号。运算放大器10的输出端通过电阻13与运算放大器20的非反向输入端相连接。电阻21连接在运算放大器20的反向输出端与接地之间,电阻22连接在运算放大器20的反向输入端与输出端之间。在该构造中,驱动器20用作加法放大器,如果电阻13和24的值选为相等,则
VG=1/2(1+R+R22)[V(G)+VB]而且,如果电阻21和22的值选为相等,则VG=V(G)+VB,此时施加在绿OLED上的电压VG-VB等于V(G)。在这种情况下,绿OLED的亮度仅由加在接线端G的信号的电压控制。
驱动器30结合电阻23、31、32和33构造成与驱动器20同样地动作。如果电阻23和33的值选择为相等,电阻31和32的值选择为相等,施加在红色OLED上的电压等于V(R),即加在接终端端R的控制信号的电压。在这种情况下,红色OLED的亮度仅由加在接线端R的电压控制。
结果,叠层结构40中的各个OLED发生的光的亮度可以与其它OLED的亮度不相关的方式控制,从而可由相应的输入控制信号对SOLED的各单个OLED进行完全控制。
应当指出,如果叠层结构中单个OLED的名义驱动电压是Vd(通常是10伏左右),施加在电极41上的电压VR的大小可以大到3Vd(30伏)。这样的话,驱动器30必须可以产生3Vd的输出电压,必须向其供应3Vd或更大的供应电压。
注意,在图1的示意实施方案中,驱动OLED的电压VB、VG和VR在极性上都是负的。这是由于各OLED的有机层的顺序和底电极47的接地造成的。很明显,图1的电路还可应用于需要正驱动电压的SOLED(如在ETL/EL和HTL都反转的情况下)。而且,图1的电路也可以容易地适应用正或负的输入控制信号操作。
图2是叠层式OLED结构的一个实施方案,其中每一个OLED都有接地标。在该方案中,叠层中的单个OLED无需如图1所示的附加外部电路就可以彼此独立地进行控制。在该方案中,驱动SOLED中的各OLED的电压VR、VG和VB分别用电源51、52和53代表。
在基本透明的衬底70上制作图2的叠层OLED结构60。在衬底70的淀积的第一层是用作蓝色OLED的阳极的电极层61。阳极层61可由氧化铟锡(ITO)构成,接收驱动蓝色OLED的电压VB,VB在本方案中是正的。蓝色OLED的有机层包括ETL/EL 62e和淀积在阳极层61上的HTO62h。电极层63接地,它可通过先淀积一层薄的透明的Mg∶Ag合金层再淀积一层ITO形成。
绿色OLED的HTL 64h淀积在电极层63上,ETL/EL 64e淀积在HTL 64h上。电极层65由ITO和淀积在HTL 64h的一薄层Mg∶Ag合金组成。电极层65接受驱动绿色OLED的电压VG并用作绿色OLED的阴极,VG在本方案中是负的。应当指出,用作蓝色OLED的阴极的电极层63还用作绿色OLED的阳极。
在阴极层65上淀积绝缘层66。绝缘层可包括由多种方法如等离子体增强化学汽相淀积(PEVLD)、电子束等淀积的绝缘材料如ViO2、SiNx或AlO2等。在绝缘层66上淀积可由ITO构成的电极层67。电极层67用作红色OLED的阳极,与地电势相连接。红色OLED的HTL 68h淀积在电极层67上,ETL/EL 68e淀积在HTL 68h。电极层69淀积在ETL/EL68e上,电极层69用作红色OLED的阴极,可由Mg∶Ag含金构成。电极层69接收驱动红色OLED的电压VR,VR在本方案中是负的。
在图2的实施方案中,电极层67接地,电极层69接负电压。也可以将电极层69接地,电极层67接正电压。
而且,在图2的实施方案中,空穴输送层、电子输送层和电致发光层的淀积顺序在叠层的三个OLED中都是相同的。即,电子传输层和电致发光层淀积在空穴传输层之上。显然,反转的顺序即空穴输送层淀积在电子输送层和电致发光层之上也是可以的。
而且,在图2的实施方案中,绝缘层66设置在中间的OLED和上面的OLED的电极层之间。但是,图2的方案可以容易地改变,使得绝缘层位于下面的OLED和中间的OLED的电极层之间。图2A示出了该方案。
图3示出第三种实施方案的叠层式OLED结构80,其中叠层的各OLED都有接地标。在该方案中,分别由电源71、72、73提供的OLED驱动电压VR、VG和VB具有相同的极性。在图3的示意实施方案中,驱动电压的极性是正的,但是很明显,这种SOLED结构也可很容易地适用于负的驱动电压。
在衬底90上制作图3的叠层式OLED结构。在衬底90上淀积的第一层用作蓝色OLED阳极的层81。阳极层81,可由ITO构成,接收驱动蓝色OLED的电压VB。在阳极层81上淀积蓝色OLED的HTL 82h,在HTL82h上淀积蓝色OLED的ETL/EL 82e。电极层83可通过先淀积一薄层Mg∶Ag合金后再淀积一层ITO形成,电极层83与地电势相连接收用作蓝色OLED的阴极。
在电极层83上淀积绿色OLED的ETL/EL 84e,在ETL/EL 84e上淀积HTL 84h。注意绿色OLED和下面的蓝色OLED的ETL/EL和HTL的顺序相反。电极层85可由ITO构成,淀积在HTL 84h上,用作绿色OLED的阳极。电极层85接收驱动绿色OLED的电压VG。应当指出,用作蓝色OLED的阳极的电极层83,还用作绿色OLED的阳极。
在电极层85上淀积绝缘层86。绝缘层可由用多种方法如PECVD、电子束等淀积的绝缘材料如SiO2、SiNx或AlO2等构成。在绝缘层86上再淀积电极层87。电极层87用作红色OLED的阳极,可由ITO构成,与用来驱动红色OLED的电压VR相连接。在电极层87上淀积红色OLED的HTL 88h,在HTL 88h上淀积ETL/EL 88e。注意红色OLED的HTL和ETL/EL的顺序与绿色OLED的相反,与蓝色OLED的相同。阴极层89,可由Mg∶Ag合金构成,淀积在ETL/EL 88e上。电极层89与地电势相连接。
很明显,与图2的实施方案相似,对于图3的实施方案,各层的HTL和ETL/EL的顺序也可以是相反的。而且,在图3的实施方案中,绝缘层86设置在中间的和上面的OLED的电极层之间。但是,图3的实施方案也可以容易地改变为使绝缘层位于下面的和中间的OLED的电极之间。图3A示出了这样的实施方案。
图4示出了三色叠层式OLED结构的另一示意性实施方案,其中只有一个电极与地电势连接,当各OLED都亮时,不需要其它电压比用来驱动某一个OLED的电压(即Vd)更大。
如图4所示,在玻璃衬底100上制作SOLED。在衬底100上淀积电极层101,电极层101是1500-4000埃厚的ITO层,用作第一OLED的阳极,第一OLED在本方案中是发蓝色的OLED。在电极101上淀积HTL102,HTL 102是500埃厚的4,4’-双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基-氨基]联苯(α-NPD)层。在HTL 102上淀积厚为100-1000埃的由Alq2OPh构成的电致发光层103。在电致发光层103上淀积厚为200-800埃的ETL104,ETL 104由三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)构成。在ETL 104上淀积电极层105,电极层105用作蓝色OLED的阴极。电极105由Mg∶Ag合金构成,可具有50-200埃的厚度。电极105接地。把由电源91提供的电压VB施加在电极101和105上以驱动蓝色OLED。
在电极105上制作叠层中的第二OLED(在本方案中为发绿光的OLED)的结构。在本实施方案中,绿色OLED以反转的结构形成。在电极105上淀积厚200-800埃的由Alq3构成的ETL/EL 106。在ETL/EL106上淀积HTL 107,HTL 107是厚为100-1000埃的NPD层。在HTL107上淀积保护层108,在保护层108上淀积由ITO构成的厚为300-1000埃的电极层109。保护层108可通过淀积3,4,9,10-蓓四酸二酐(PTCDA)、bis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole)(BTQBT)、酞菁铜、或其它合适的刚性有机材料而成。保护层108的厚度优选为50-200埃。电极层109用作绿色OLED的阳极,电极层105用作阴极。将电源92提供的电压VG施加在电极层109和105上以驱动绿色OLED。
在ITO电极层109上制作正立结构的红色OLED。在电极层109上淀积厚为100-1000埃的NPD HTL 110,在HTL 110上淀积厚为200-800埃的Alq3的ETL/EL 111。金属电极层112,由例如500-2000埃厚的Mg∶Ag合金层构成,设置在ETL/EL 111上,并用覆盖层113覆盖。覆盖层可以是500-2000埃厚的银层,用来保护器件免于氧化。电极层112用作红色OLED的阴极,电极层109用作阳极。将电源93提供的电压VR施加在电极层109和112上以驱动红色OLED。
在图4的实施方案中,如果叠层中每个OLED的名义驱动电压是Vd,当用Vd将三个OLED都驱动至全亮时,V1为Vd,V2为0。V3为Vd,V4为0。但是,如果中间(绿色)的OLED灭掉而下面(蓝色)的OLED和上面(红色)的OLED全亮,V1为Vd,V2为0,V3基本为0,V4基本为-Vd。在这种情况下,V2和V4的电压差值基本上为Vd-(-Vd)或2Vd。但是,通过将加在灭掉的OLED(在本例中是绿色OLED)的电压保持为OLED不发光的最大电压值,可以大大降低该电压差值。如果OLED的名义全亮电压为Vd,OLED不会发光的最大极限电压值约为0.8Vd。如果中间(绿色)的OLED用等于或略低于0.8Vd的电压驱动以保持中间的OLED是灭掉的,而上面的和下面的OLED都用电压Vd驱动,则V1为Vd,V2为0,V3基本为0.8Vd,V4基本为0.8Vd-Vd或-0.2Vd。在这种情况下,V2和V4之间的电压差将是Vd-(-0.2Vd)或1.2Vd。
虽然图4的SOLED的各层厚度可在上述限定的优选范围内选择,各层的具体厚度可以优化选择以充分利用叠层结构内的微孔隙作用。可以叠层结构中形成各层间的微孔隙,以过滤发出的光。由此可以根据层厚的选择来调整各OLED发光的颜色。
尽管结合图4的实施方案详述了本发明的SOLED中各层的成分和厚度,很显然,这些讨论也可应用于此处公开的其它实施方案。
此处公开的发明主题可与共同未决的申请“具有平台象素构成的显示器”相结合,后者代理人卷号No.10020/9,与本申请同日递交,在此引作参考。
此处公开的发明主题可以与下列共同未决的申请相结合,即,“用于多色LED的新材料”(代理人卷号10020/2)、“基于有机自由基的电子传输和发光层”(代理人卷号10020/3)、“多色显示器件”(代理人卷号10020/4)、“红色有机发光器件”(代理人卷号10020/5),它们都是于1996年12月23日递交,在此引用参考。此外可以相结合并引作参考的还有:1997年1月23日递交的“真空淀积、非聚合柔性有机发光器件”(代理人卷号10020/8),共同未决的美国专利申请序列“No.08/354 674、08/613207、08/632316、08/632322和08/693359,以及美国临时申请序列No.60/010013和60/024001。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于驱动叠层式有机发光器件(SOLED)的电路,该SOLED包括第一和第二发光器件,第一发光器件包括:设置在衬底上的第一电极、设置在第一电极上的第一套有机层、以及设置在第一套有机层上的第二电极;第二发光器件包括:设置在第二电极上的第二套有机层和设置在第二套有机层上的第三电极,其中第一电极与基准电势相连接,该电路包括:
第一驱动器,其输出端与第二电极相连接,输入端与第一控制信号相连接,其中第一驱动器根据第一控制信号在其输出中产生第一驱动电压,以控制第一发光器件发出的光的亮度;以及
第二驱动器,其输出端与第三电极相连接,输入端与第一驱动器的输出端和第二控制信号相连接,其中第二驱动器根据第二驱动信号和第一驱动电压的和值在其输出中产生第二驱动电压,以控制第二发光器件发出的光的亮度。
2.如权利要求1中所述的电路,其中SOLED包括第三发光器件,第三发光器件包括:设置在第三电极上的第三套有机层以及设置在第三套有机层上的第四电极,该电路包括:
第三驱动器,其输出端与第四电极相连接,输入端与第二驱动器的输出和第三控制信号相连接,其中第三驱动器根据第三控制信号和第二驱动信号的和值在其输中产生第三驱动电压,以控制第三发光器件发出的光的亮度。
3.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中:第一、第二和第三发光器件发出的光具有蓝色、绿色和红色中的一种颜色。
4.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中:第一、第二和第三套有机层都包括电子传输层和空穴传输层。
5.如权利要求4所述的电路,其中:电子传输层包括电致发光层。
6.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中:第一、第二和第三驱动电压是正的。
7.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中:第一、第二和第三驱动电压是负的。
8.如权利要求4所述的电路,其中:在第一、第二和第三套有机层的每一个中,空穴传输层淀积在电子传输层之上。
9.如权利要求4所述的电路,其中:在第一、第二和第三套有机层的每一个中,电子传输层淀积在空穴传输层之上。
10.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的显示器。
11.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的运输工具。
12.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的电视机。
13.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的计算机。
14.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的打印机。
15.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的屏幕。
16.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的标牌。
17.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的电信设备。
18.一种结合有权利要求1所述电路的电话机。
19.一种驱动叠层式有机发光器件的方法(SOLED),该SOLED包括第一和第二发光器件,第一发光器件包括:设置在衬底上的第一电极、设置在第一电极上的第一套有机层、以及设置在第一套有机层上的第二电极;第二发光器件包括:设置在第二电极上的第二套有机层和设置在第二套有机层上的第三电极,其中第一电极与基准电势相连接,该方法包括下列步骤:
根据第一控制信号产生第一驱动电压,并将第一驱动电压施加在第二电极上以控制第一发光器件发出的光的亮度;以及
根据第二控制信号和第一驱动电压产生第二驱动电压,并将第二驱动电压施加到第三电极上,以控制第二发光器件发出的光的亮度。
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- 1998-01-27 WO PCT/US1998/001442 patent/WO1998034439A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-27 EP EP98904682A patent/EP0995341A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-01-27 CA CA002278161A patent/CA2278161A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-27 KR KR1019997006017A patent/KR20000069842A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN104795026A (zh) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 全彩有机发光二极管像素的驱动电路及其驱动方法 |
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CN112967680A (zh) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-15 | 合肥京东方卓印科技有限公司 | 像素结构及其驱动方法、显示基板 |
Also Published As
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AU6249598A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
EP0995341A1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
CA2278161A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
KR20000069842A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
US5757139A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
WO1998034439A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
JP2002513503A (ja) | 2002-05-08 |
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