CN1251660A - 将来自光波导的光重定向的器件 - Google Patents

将来自光波导的光重定向的器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1251660A
CN1251660A CN98803862A CN98803862A CN1251660A CN 1251660 A CN1251660 A CN 1251660A CN 98803862 A CN98803862 A CN 98803862A CN 98803862 A CN98803862 A CN 98803862A CN 1251660 A CN1251660 A CN 1251660A
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light
waveguide
chip
face
silicon layer
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A·P·R·哈平
A·G·里克曼
R·J·R·莫里斯
S·戈尔顿
M·阿斯格哈里
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Lumentum Technology UK Ltd
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Bookham Technology PLC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/0232Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H01L31/02325Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements not being integrated nor being directly associated with the device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02Structural details or components not essential to laser action

Abstract

本器件是在绝缘体基外延硅芯片(它包括一个硅层(1),绝缘层(2)将硅层与衬底(3)分开)上形成的,本器件包括一个形成于硅层(1)的集成波导(4)和一个形成在硅层(1)的凹槽内的反射面(6)。反射面定位成把光重定向在希望的方向上。波导(4)和反射面(6)都形成在硅层(1)上,所以它们的位置可以由同一光刻步骤限定,从而它们自动相互对准。

Description

将来自光波导的光重定向的器件
此发明是有关将来自绝缘体基外延硅芯片上的光波导的光重定向的器件。
在集成光路中,经常需要将来自光波导的光,比如说来自形成于芯片上的波导的光重定向到接收器,例如安装于芯片上的光电二极管。已经提出了许多在各种类型的集成光电路中实现这一目的的方法,譬如通过把光电二极管定位在形成在芯片上的凹槽内,以便于它接收到来自于芯片上波导的光。然而,由于要确保各种相关元件精确定位和对准,许多已知的结构很难精确而且低成本制造出来。
本发明的目的是提供一种形成于绝缘体基外延硅芯片上的器件,它利用此种芯片及形成于其上的波导的特点,帮助对准器件的元件。
依据本发明,提供了一种用于把来自绝缘体基外延硅芯片上的光波导的光重定向的器件,所述绝缘体基外延硅芯片包括一硅层,一绝缘层将所述硅层与衬底分开,所述器件包括一个形成于硅层上的集成波导和一个形成于硅层的凹槽内的反射面,该反射面被定位成接收来自于波导的光,并倾斜以便把光重新定向在期望的方向上,由于波导和反射面都形成于硅层上,因此它们的位置可以由同一光刻步骤限定。
通过后面的描述和说明书所附的权利要求书,本发明的最佳和任选特征将更清楚。
现在仅以举例的方式参考附图进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1示出集成光路的原理透视图,该集成光路包括至少一个用于接收沿着形成在器件上的波导传输的光的光电二极管;
图2是通过绝缘体基外延硅芯片的截面示意图,示出用于把光从芯片上的波导重新定向到光电二极管上的器件的根据本发明的实施例;以及
图3A至3D示出器件不同实施例的简要平面图。
如上所述,本发明涉及形成在硅-绝缘体晶片上的器件,所述晶片易于作为商品买到。芯片包括一硅层,被一二氧化硅层与硅衬底分开。上硅层的厚度通常通过外延生长技术增加到需要的尺寸。
肋型的集成光波导可以形成在上硅层上。制造这种波导的方法在如下论文中有描述:“Low loss single mode optical waveguideswith large cross-section in silicon-on-insulator”作者J.Schmidtchen等,发表在Electronic Letters,27,p1486,1991。图2示出了硅层1、二氧化硅层2和硅衬底3。肋型波导4形成在硅层1上,通常大约为5或10微米厚。波导4终止在形成在硅层1上的槽5内的面4A。在槽5的另一端,面6形成在硅层1的侧面上。面6镀铝(或者其他光学反射膜),而且与波导4的轴成54.7度。因此从波导面4A出射的光落入面6上并被反射,以便重新定向在基本上垂直于芯片平面的方向上。对于与波导轴成54.7度角的面,光被沿与垂直方向成19.4的方向反射。
面6可以形成在由硅的结晶面确定的角度上或可以形成在其他角度上,例如通过干法蚀刻。
在另一实施例(未示出)中,硅层1的形成有面6的位置处的厚度可以大于硅层1形成有波导4的部分的厚度。这样面6的尺寸较大以便从波导4的端部出射的大部分光被所述面拦截并反射到期望方向上。
通过标准的共晶芯片粘贴技术把一个铟镓砷光电二极管7焊接(7B)在芯片上凹槽5的上方,以便于有源区7A与被倾斜面6反射的光对准。
通过线连接7C电连接到光电二极管7,线连接7C与位于芯片上表面的导电径迹或电路相连。
上面所描述的布局具有简单、且易于制造的优点。自动实现面6与波导4对准,首先是因为面是在其中形成有波导的同一硅层上形成的,在垂直方向上自动对准;其次是因为凹槽5和面的位置可以通过用于限定波导的位置的同一光刻步骤确定,因此它们在横向方向上自动对准。
从上面可以看到,面与波导由同一绝缘体基外延硅芯片一体化形成,而且如同波导一样,形成在外延硅层1上而不是硅衬底3内。凹槽5和面6以适当的掩摸技术和蚀刻步骤微精细加工,而且可以用例如优先刻蚀硅层1的氢氧化铯进行蚀刻。在这一过程中,二氧化硅层2作为自然的蚀刻阻挡层。
以这种方式面6可以形成为直接对准波导4的端部,而且波导面4A和反射面6之间的距离可保持为最小值,例如小于15微米,最好是小于10微米。这样有助于把由于从波导面4A出射的光发射引起的损耗降低为最小。
光电二极管7的工作区7A的直径通常为大约125微米,因此需要定位在硅芯片上凹槽5的上方,位置误差容限为大约±50微米。
应该理解类似的结构可以用于把光从波导传播到安装在芯片上的其他形式的光接收器,或者把光从安装在芯片上的光源例如激光器或发光二极管传播到形成于其上的波导中。例如垂直腔表面发射激光器(未示出)可以安放在凹槽5的上方以便于将光传播到面6上。
面6可以以其它角度形成以便于能够将光传播到期望的方向上。光通常被传播到芯片平面之外,但也可以传播到芯片上的一个器件或另一波导。
另外,可能希望围绕垂直于芯片平面的轴倾斜面6,以便减少由于背反射产生的问题,特别是如果面6的边缘垂直于波导轴,减少来自能够背反射到波导4内的面的边沿区域的背反射。将波导以一定的角度形成和/或在波导4的端部设置一倾斜面4A也可以取得类似的结果。
这些可能形式示于图3A到3D中,每个图都示出了芯片的平面图。图3A示出了图2所示结构的平面图,如果垂直表面存在于面6上,图2的结构可能产生背反射。在图4A中光表示为沿着垂直于芯片的方向重新定向到芯片平面之外。图3B示出一种结构,与图3A相比,其中面6围绕垂直于芯片的轴更为倾斜。图3C示出一种结构,与图3A中的结构相比,其中波导4以一与芯片相交的角度形成,而图3D示出一种结构,其中波导4的波导面4A倾斜使得从其上出射的光被折射到波导轴之外。在每种情形下,结构都使得光重新定向到芯片平面之外,而且与法线成一定角度。这可能需要稍微调整位于凹槽5上方的光电二极管7的位置,以确保它接收到重新定向的光。
图1示出了集成光路的透视图,在这种情况下是收发器,它形成于绝缘体基外延硅芯片8上。两个光电二极管9和一个激光器10安装于芯片8上。光纤11将光传输到芯片8,而且肋型波导12设置在芯片8上,用于把光传输到各元件。上述图2示出了把来自肋型波导12的光重新定向到光电二极管9之一的方式。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于把来自绝缘体基外延硅芯片上的光波导的光重新定向的器件,所述绝缘体基外延硅芯片包括一硅层,一绝缘层将所述硅层与衬底分开,所述器件包括一个形成于硅层上的集成波导和一个形成于硅层的凹槽内的反射面,该反射面被定位成接收来自于波导的光,并倾斜以便把光重新定向在期望的方向上,由于波导和反射面都形成于硅层上,因此它们的位置可以由同一光刻步骤限定。
2.如权利要求1所述的器件,其中所述面倾斜成把光传播到芯片平面之外。
3.如权利要求2所述的器件,其中所述面倾斜成把光传播到基本上垂直于芯片平面的方向上.
4.如权利要求2所述的器件,其中所述面倾斜成与芯片平面的法线成一角度以把光传播到芯片平面之外。
5.如权利要求4所述的器件,其中所述面被倾斜成以便它的边缘不垂直于从波导接受的光。
6.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的器件,设置成把从光纤接受的光传播到安装于芯片上的光电二极管。
7.如权利要求6所述的器件,其中光电二极管安装在所述面形成于其中的凹槽的上方。
8.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的器件,其中激光器或发光二极管安装在所述面形成于其中的凹槽的上方。
9.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的器件,其中波导的端部与所述面之间的距离小于15微米,而且最好小于10微米。
10.一种用于把来自绝缘体基外延硅芯片上的光波导的光重新定向的器件,基本上如同前面参考附图2和3所述的一样。
11.一种集成光路,包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的器件。
12.一种集成光路,基本上如同前面参考附图2和3所述的一样。
CN98803862A 1997-02-07 1998-02-06 将来自光波导的光重定向的器件 Pending CN1251660A (zh)

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GB9702559A GB2315595B (en) 1997-02-07 1997-02-07 Device for re-directing light fromoptical waveguide
GB9702559.7 1997-02-07

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EP (1) EP1015926A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2001510588A (zh)
CN (1) CN1251660A (zh)
AU (1) AU5998198A (zh)
CA (1) CA2279910A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2315595B (zh)
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GB2315595B (en) 1998-06-10
CA2279910A1 (en) 1998-08-13
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US6108472A (en) 2000-08-22
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