CN1273727A - 漫游的转换器或路由器 - Google Patents

漫游的转换器或路由器 Download PDF

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CN1273727A
CN1273727A CN98805023A CN98805023A CN1273727A CN 1273727 A CN1273727 A CN 1273727A CN 98805023 A CN98805023 A CN 98805023A CN 98805023 A CN98805023 A CN 98805023A CN 1273727 A CN1273727 A CN 1273727A
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CN1263267C (zh
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乔尔·E·肖特
伦纳德·克莱因罗克
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5084—Providing for device mobility
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
    • H04W88/182—Network node acting on behalf of an other network entity, e.g. proxy

Abstract

一种漫游路由器或转换器(10)使一个配置为连接到本地网络的膝上型计算机或其他便携式终端(12)连接到互联网或其他数字数据通信系统(14)的任何位置。路由器(10)将终端(12)自动和透明地重新配置到其新的位置并处理输入和输出数据。路由器(10)包括一个作为终端(12)的本地设备出现,以及作为通信系统(14)的终端(12)出现的处理器(11)。终端(12)具有一个永久地址,路由器(10)具有一个路由器或转换器地址,以及终端(12)将包括作为源地址的永久地址的输出数据发送给系统(14)。处理器(11)通过使用路由器地址替换永久地址作为源地址转换输出数据。终端(12)从系统(14)接收包括作为目的地地址的路由器地址的输入数据,处理器(11)通过使用永久地址替换器由器地址作为目的地地址转换输入数据。作为一种替换,终端(12)可以直接连接到局部网络(14)上的一点,路由器(10)连接到网络(14)上的另一点。可以使用路由器(10)来实现多个应用,这些应用包括漫游电子邮件,网络文件同步器,数据库同步器,瞬时网络,漫游互联网和商务显示路由器,以及也可以将路由器(10)用作一个固定的漫游路由器。

Description

漫游的转换器或路由器
技术领域
本发明一般涉及数字电信技术，具体涉及能够使一个用户数字通信终端定位并且设备透明的便携式转换器或路由器。
背景技术
诸如互联网或IP地址之类的用户数字电信地址常规上与一个固定物理位置有关，例如，用户公司电话线的位置。然而，诸如膝上型计算机这样的便携式通信设备正变得更加通用，并且对于用户来说，从旅馆和机场这样的不同位置访问互联网是经常发生的事情。
建立数字电信网络以便将要发送到一个电信地址的通信发送到相关的物理位置。这样，如果一个膝上型计算机连接到一个远程位置，则发送到该计算机以及来自该计算机的通信将不与用户的电信地址相关。
为使计算机(主机)经一个网络(例如，互联网)进行通信，必须将软件协议(例如，传输控制协议/互联网协议(TCP/IP))加载到该主机。主机计算机将信息(即，数据包)发送到网络上的设备(路由器)，该设备接收该数据包并将其送到目的地主机。
目的地主机通过类似的处理返回答复。必须配置每个主计算机和路由器，以便了解数据包将发往何人。只有主计算机明确地将数据包发送(地址)该路由器，则路由器才接收数据包。如果未能正确配置主机(错误地址)，则主计算机和路由器将不能进行通信。
随着移动计算机(膝上型)的出现以及将它们插入各种网络以便能够访问网络上的资源和互联网的要求，必须为移动计算机将插入的每个网络配置移动计算机。传统上，通过(i)在移动计算机的软件上手工进行(为加载新配置常常需要重新启动计算机)，或(ii)使用一组新的协议，在移动计算机上使用该协议以便从计算机所连接到的网络上的设备得到配置信息实现这种新配置。当创建新的服务(协议)以增加主计算机的功能性时，根据所增加的新功能的类型，在主计算机或路由器上必须更新这些新的协议。
本发明的公开
根据本发明，一个便携式“漫游”路由器或转换器使一个膝上型计算机或其他被配置连接到一个局部本地网络的便携式终端连接到互联网或其他数字数据通信网络上的任何位置。漫游路由器自动地并透明地将该终端再配置到其新位置并处理输出和输入数据。
漫游路由器包括一个处理器，该处理器对终端来说作为本地网络出现，对通信系统来说作为终端来出现。该终端具有一个永久地址，漫游路由器具有一个路由器地址，该终端将输出数据发送到包括作为源地址的永久地址的系统。该处理器通过将该永久地址转换为路由器地址作为源地址来转换输出数据。该终端从包括作为目的地址的路由器地址的系统接收输入数据，处理器通过将路由器地址转换为永久地址作为目的地址来转换输入数据。
终端可以直接连接到局域网上的一点，漫游路由器连接到该网络上的另一点。可以使用漫游路由器来实现包括漫游电子邮件，网络文件同步装置，数据库同步装置，瞬时网络，漫游互联网，移动虚拟专用网络和商务显示路由器，并且也可以将该漫游路由器改为一个固定的漫游路由器。
可以由软件和或硬件实现漫游路由器。漫游路由器可以建立诸如膝上型计算机这样的数字电信终端的位置和设备透明性。该终端可以连接到各种网络中的任何网络以及采用各种通信接口设备的位置。
漫游路由器自动将实际位置地址转换为诸如互联网地址这样的用户唯一通信地址，以便该终端执行来自该通信地址的通信，与该终端的物理位置无关。
漫游路由器还自动配置该终端以使用所选择的一个接口设备，并且如果第一设备发生故障或不能被使用，则漫游路由器从一个设备切换到另一个设备。
漫游路由器包括可以在个人便携设备作成程序包的软件和服务，以便以透明、集成和方便的形式支持多种计算和通信能力和服务以适应移动者(用户)的移动。这通过向用户提供设备透明性和位置透明性来实现。
存在大量通信设备选择，例如，以太网，无线LAN，和用户在办公室、室外活动或在路上(例如，在去旅馆，机场或回家的路上)之间切换的拨号调制解调器。漫游路由器的设备透明性提供在这些设备之间的无缝切换(容易，透明地，和无对话损失)。漫游路由器支持的位置透明性避免用户每次移动到新的网络或子网络时必须重新配置(例如，IP和网关地址)其网络设备(膝上型)。
本发明的漫游路由器通过向网络设备(主机)提供一个永久IP地址实现位置和身份的分离。漫游路由器在位置，通信设备，和主操作系统之间提供独立性。网络组织不必采用新的标准。所有规定的处理内部存储在漫游路由器，该漫游路由器具有到主机设备和各种通信设备的标准接口。
漫游路由器通过向用户提供身份和保密服务支持到网络计算机的扩展。漫游路由器通过支持多个通信基底还支持访问通信网络的用于软件挂起，增加吞吐量，和容错的多个并行通信路径。
根据本发明使数据通信终端位置和设备透明的便携式路由器，包括：第一模块，用于存储用户的数字通信地址；第二模块，用于检测连接到该终端的数据通信网络位置；第三模块，用于检测连接到该终端的通信设备；第四模块，用于建立终端和网络之间的数据通信，以便将来自第二模块的位置的通信地址自动转换到来自第一模块的用户的通信地址；和第五模块，用于自动选择第三模块检测并由第四模块使用的通信设备。
本发明的漫游路由器使用由一个自含式(self-contained)装置所体现的独特处理，该自含式装置对在主机和路由器之间传送的数据包进行操作。该处理提供在主机和漫游路由器之间发送的数据包内容的智能有效通用的转换。甚至在主机未配置为与漫游路由器通信的情况下，该转换也允许主机与漫游路由器通信。
这通过认为是为其配置主机的路由器的漫游路由器，以及认为是该路由器想与之通信的主机的漫游路由器来实现。因此，漫游路由器支持计算机的移动性，这是因为漫游路由器使这些计算机在不同位置(位置独立性)插入网络，而不必在该移动计算机安装、配置或使用任何新的协议。
移动计算机继续工作，而不必了解位置变化或新的配置，漫游路由器转换允许主机认为其正与路由器通信的数据。通过在一个自含式装置实现这一过程，可以执行新协议的调度，与主机及其操作系统无关(主机独立性)。
所有规定的处理和转换内部存储到漫游路由器，该漫游路由器具有到主机设备和各种通信设备的标准接口。这样，不必采用新的标准。通过将支持不同网络环境的复杂性从移动计算机移动到该自含式装置，漫游路由器允许主计算机保留最少量的软件协议和经网络通信的功能性(例如，一般安装在网络计算机的最少功能性)。
漫游路由器的转换能力还能实现交替使用通信路径(设备独立性)，而主机不必了解使用一个交替通信路径的任何新的通信设备。不仅在物理层、链路层，或协议组的网络层，而且也在传送和应用层进行数据包转换。这就允许网卡，协议组，和运行在主计算机的应用程序与网络环境和配置无关。
作为通信设备独立性的一个实例，该转换通过支持多个通信基底允许软件挂起，增加吞吐量，和容错。另外，漫游路由器转换能力提供一个用于展开增强的漫游和移动计算软件和诸如滤波数据包之类的服务并确定应允许哪一个数据包在移动计算机和漫游路由器或局域网之间传送的灵活的处理(内部防火墙)。
路由器装置可以是：(i)由一个移动用户携带(例如，使用一个外部盒)；(ii)连接到移动计算机(例如，PCMCIA卡)；(iii)安装在移动计算机内部(例如，膝上型计算机内的芯片)；(iv)或安装在网络基础结构，当移动计算机用户移动时使其一直处在这里(例如，插入到局域网的转换在主机和漫游路由器之间发送的数据包的盒，或安装在网络内的路由器的芯片)。也可以以在移动计算机或另一个计算机或网络上的路由器上加载和运行软件的形式提供路由器。
通过下面结合附图所作的详细描述，本发明的这些和其他特征及优点对本领域的技术人员来说将变得显而易见，其中相同的标记数字表示相同的部件。
附图说明
图1是示出实现在主计算机设备和各种通信设备之间经标准接口的本发明的漫游路由器的图；
图2是示出漫游路由器的基本结构的图，该基本结构被认为是硬件设备结构；
图3是示出当主设备连接到本发明的漫游路由器以及当一个网络接口连接到该路由器时，所执行的基本步骤的结构流程图；
图4是示出当来自主机的第一数据包发送到所连接的路由器或当接收一个激活中断或信号时该路由器自动适配主机设备的流程图；
图5是示出该路由器处理并检查各种通信设备接口以用于初始化，启动等的流程图；
图6是在主机设备以软件35实现时的路由器的基本结构图；
图7a到7g是示出各种网络设备所实现的协议栈，和在漫游路由器的协议栈的所有层具有的转换功能的图；
图8是示出漫游路由器的代理器ARP数据包截流和主机重新配置过程的流程图；
图9a和9b组合示出在主计算机和漫游路由器在协议栈的各个级所进行的漫游路由器的转换处理
图10是示出以硬件设备实现的漫游路由器的结构图，该硬件设备包括一个微控制器和一个用于存储实现转换功能的算法的非-易失性存储器；
图11是示出以专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片实现的漫游路由器装置的结构的图；
图12a到12d是漫游路由器能操作的主机和网络接口模式的图；
图13是示出以经一个网络接口连接到局域网并具有多个口以连接到主计算机的自含式盒实现的漫游路由器的放大透视图；
图14是示出以PCMCIA III型卡实现的漫游路由器的放大透视图，其中漫游路由器插入到主计算机II型插槽和II型的通信卡设备直接插入到漫游路由器，以便二者都可以在便携式主计算机加电和存储；和
图15是示出以PCMCIA II型卡实现的漫游路由器的放大透视图，其中漫游路由器经II型接口插槽插入到主计算机和II型的通信卡设备插入到漫游路由器II型卡。
执行本发明的模式
                     基本漫游路由器
定义好的标准接口
图1表示体现本发明的连接在主机设备或计算机12和通信设备14之间的“漫游”转换器或路由器10。主机设备12是一个膝上型计算机或其他固定或移动的数字数据通信终端，该设备可被从一个位置携带到另一个位置，从而是完全便携或移动的。例如，可以在诸如机场，顾客办公室，家庭，等等这样的任何适宜位置使用一个膝上型计算机。
通信设备14是主机设备12所连接的任何类型的通信系统的一部分。这样的通信系统包括，广域网，宽域网，拨号上网和专线互联互联网连接等，但不限于此。在一个典型的应用中，通信设备将使主计算机连接到一个其本身连接到互联网的局域网。这样，主机设备12能够与未限定数目的网络和节点通信，这些网络和节点经路由器，交换开关，网桥等以任何公知的方式互连。
本发明的路由器10包括一个一般用于将路由器10连接到主机设备12的终端接口10a和一个将路由器10连接到通信设备14的系统接口10b。正如下面所进一步描述的，路由器10一般包括一个由硬件和/或软件组成并具有要求的功能性的处理器。将路由器10进一步配置为以交替模式操作，其中主机设备12直接连接到网络，路由器10经系统接口10b也连接到网络中的某点。在这种情况下，未使用终端接口10a。
尽管本文将设备10描述为一个路由器，应该明白路由器10不是一个常规的路由器，这是因为常规的路由器具有在网络之间提供互连性的能力。相反，本发明的路由器10基本上是一个转换器，该转换器能够使主机设备12自动和透明地连接到任何通信设备14，并处理设备12的输入和输出数据。
根据本发明主机设备12具有一个不便于改变的永久互联网地址。将设备12也初始配置为在其基础位置与一个特定网关或其他内部设备通信。该网关具有当设备12连接到任何通信系统时试图定位的一个内部地址。在不具有本发明的漫游路由器10的功能性的情况下，主机设备12将不能工作在远程位置，这是因为主机设备12找不到其网关。
应该明白术语“内部”不是指一个住所，而是一个该终端一般连接到并对应于内部互联网或IP地址的网络，网关或其他通信设备或系统。
图1进一步描述了表示产生并处理通过通信设备14传送的数据的主计算机设备12的协议顶层16。在典型的OSI/ISO模式中，该接口16正处于IP层下面，链接层上面。处于中间的是表示路由器10的层18，层18的功能是适于配置并利用基础通信设备并提供支持本文所述的路由器。下层20是执行通信(有可能是基于有线互联网或无线网)的物理通信层，该所执行的通信过程可由流动路由器或用户来获得和确定。在路由层18和层16及20之间是路由器10动态识别并配置的接口22和24。
本发明的路由器通过由诸如IETF(互联网工程任务强制)和IEEE标准委员会之类的公知标准接口与主计算机，路由器，和其他网络设备协同工作。这些标准规定了数据包格式，内容，和物理通信特性。如图7a所示，根据所连接的当前网络的通信能力和配置在协议栈的各个层必须配置主计算机。
如图7b所示，集线器提供一个定义较好的接口以便通过发送经过多个物理连接的数据包来连接主计算机和网络设备。集线器不提供任何对所发送的数据包内容的处理或转换。
如图7c所示，网桥或交换开关提供智能滤波机构，通过该机构，根据链接层寻址(媒体访问控制地址)，网桥或交换开关根据该设备所连接到的物理连接仅发送经过多个物理连接的数据包。网桥和交换开关不处理数据包的内容并且不提供任何较高层的协议功能性。
如图7d所示，路由器根据数据包内的网络层的目的地地址接收数据包。主计算机必须明确地向路由器写明链接层内的该数据包的地址。接着，路由器根据其配置重新发送数据包经过正确的物理连接。在协议栈的任何层都不执行数据包的修改和转换，而除了网络层。
如图7e所示，防火墙滤波网络和传输层上的数据包，仅允许确定的数据包被发送到其他的物理连接。防火墙不处理数据包的内容，如果数据包通过传输(传输口)或网络(IP地址)滤波器，则防火墙仅使其前向到达网络的下一站。
如图7f所示，代理器和网关仅接收由主计算机向它们明确写明地址的数据包。它们仅在应用级处理数据包。如图7g所示，本发明的漫游路由器10在协议栈的链接、网络、传输和应用层处理数据包内容以便在主计算机如何配置和该主计算机当前连接的网络的配置之间提供转换。
与图7a到图7f所示的全部其他设备不同，在其他设备不了解路由器10或必须配置其他设备以使用路由器10的情况下，路由器10自动截留并转换数据包。将路由器10的转换算法内部完全提供给路由器10，其中路由器10提供该位置独立性。这样，当使用漫游路由器时在主计算机12或路由器26中不必开发，接受，或使用新的标准以扩展新的网络设备。
在主计算机12无论何时使用一个新的或不同的通信设备(包括链接和物理层)，主计算机的网络层必须了解该新的通信设备。由于路由器10具有到该通信设备的其本身的网络接口，在主计算机12所使用的，但不必配置主计算机12以使用的路由器10可以使用该替换的通信设备。
不基于位置的永久性寻址
现在，我们按照其通信装置的位置(例如，其计算机的IP地址或其传真机的电话号码)与各个装置通信。为支持移动性和变化的通信环境和设备，必须创建一个人与人通信的环境，但不特定于人们所使用的设备。为以无线，潜在专用，通信互连网络来透明支持移动性和自适应性，必须通过一个智能设备或支持各种计算主机和通信设备的代理程序来提供一个公用的虚拟网络。
本发明的漫游路由器10在基于现在互联网使用的IP地址的位置和基于设备12的主CPU所处于的地址的永久用户之间提供映像。在图2将其描述为“IP映像”。在主CPU不支持或用户不了解这种映像的情况下也可以进行这种映像。
互联网RFC2002移动IP协议规定永久和暂时IP地址之间的映射。漫游路由器的独特方面是移动IP协议不必由主CPU支持或运行，而是处于漫游路由器内部。找到或确定诸如其IP号码之类的主机配置信息，如图4所示，并将其存储在漫游路由器10，在图2表示为“Host Info”。配置过程如图3所示。
可选卸载处理
如图2所示，漫游路由器10通过与主机设备12物理分离提供一个主CPU的卸载通信处理。漫游路由器10执行自适应性，选择，和经网络的信息传输。这允许主机终端或设备12使用网络，而不必直接支持该网络协议。通过使漫游路由器负责适应当前网络基底，主CPU通过不必运行路由、自适配、数据打包等算法或数据包处理可以保持高性能。
漫游路由器也可以排列、发送和接收数据，与主机设备12是否可用和连接无关。漫游路由器10内的CPU11提供全部必须的计算程序以作为一个完全是功能性的网络协处理器，与主CPU无关。这就允许用户增加供电量，这是因为漫游路由器不像主机设备12那样具有多个用户I/O设备。
位置独立性
瞬时网络漫游路由器提供以位置独立方式提供普遍存在和可靠的支持性的能力。这消除了用户用于诸如设备重新配置(例如，IP地址配置，网关或下一站点路由器地址，掩码，链接层参数，和保密许可)或数据传输的负担。
现存协议栈的问题是每次通信环境改变时必须重新配置通信设备。TCP/IP要求一个新的网络、节点和网关号码。Appletalk将自动选择一个未使用的节点号码并找到该网络号码，但是将使所有开路通信丢失并且必须重新启动该业务以便使用新信息开始。
例如，当Powerbook插入到一个网络，并处于休眠状态，接着在一个不同的网络被加电时，可以发生上述过程。当被唤醒时要重新启动所有网络业务，如果不重新启动，则网络应用将变得混乱。漫游路由器通过提供临时性以及与移动IP所提供得类似得永久网络和节点号码来解决这一问题。然而，漫游路由器也使用其他协议栈(例如，AppleTalk)工作。
移动IP在网络级而不是链接级提供位置独立性。当一个新的通信(网络接口)设备连接到漫游路由器时，将自动配置由该设备规定的所有链接级参数，如图5所示。漫游路由器通过自适应地支持设备独立性完全消除了所必须的手工配置。
多基底(设备独立性)
漫游路由器的另一个新颖特征是支持同时使用多个通信基底(substrate)。在图2描述为“设备选择”。用户应该能够使用两个或多个通信基底，增加吞吐量或提高软件协调管理能力。现在的一般协议栈(例如，TCP/IP或AppleTalk)不支持该功能性。
例如，经“网络”控制面板，用户可以在诸如EtherTalkLocalTalk，Wireless，ARA之类的通信基底之间进行选择，但不能经EtherTalk远程注册同时试图经LocalTalk试图打印。路由器一般能够与各种通信基底桥接在一起，但基于包括性能和保密的很多原因，常常不希望将LocalTalk和EtherTalk合并在一起。
现存的路由器的问题是它们需要手工配置并处于节点之外。为解决这一问题，漫游路由器支持自动配置和完全的路由器内部功能性。例如，当用户插入PCMCIA卡或将一个通信设备连接到串行口时，这就允许一个移动或漫游节点动态适应于各种通信和网络设备。
一旦漫游路由器了解可用的通信设备并启动它们，可进行经多个通信基底的数据传输。如图2和图5所示，使用漫游路由器中选择最适宜设备的独特算法和协议作为通过经过每个接口的“漫游路由器设备选择”到“漫游路由器设备检查器”的一部分。
存在能够影响选择使用一个或多个设备的多个因素。这样的因素一般包括可用带宽，初始和保持连接的费用，供电要求和利用率，以及用户选择。
漫游路由器的另一个特征是支持替换或同时使用各个通信基底。当源地址是通信基底的地址时，漫游路由器将送出数据包，这由图6的步骤5的一部分来实现。主计算机现在不能直接使用两个或更多的通信基底，以增加吞吐量或提供软件协调处理能力。
现在的一般协议栈(例如，TCP/IP或AppleTalk)不支持该功能性。一旦漫游路由器了解可用的通信设备并启动它们，可进行经多个通信基底的数据传输。使用漫游路由器中选择最适宜设备的独特算法和协议作为通过经过每个接口的“漫游路由器设备选择”到“漫游路由器设备检查器”的一部分。
存在能够影响选择使用一个或多个设备的多个因素。这样的因素一般包括可用带宽，初始和保持连接的费用，供电要求和利用率，以及用户选择。
硬件说明
漫游路由器可以完全以软件形式实现，而不必具有如图6所示的任何具体的硬件，或与主计算机分开的CPU，或如图2所示硬件形式的封装。漫游路由器也可以提供为存储实现路由器转换处理的功能性的软件程序的数字存储介质。数字存储介质的实例包括光介质(例如，CD-COM)，磁介质(例如，软盘)，非易失性或只读存储器，或这些介质的任意组合。在移动终端12，或替换为任何其他的计算机或连接到网络的路由器，加载并运行该程序。
漫游路由器设备的一个潜在应用是嵌入PC技术。作为一个实例，粗糙的PC/104标准模块具有3.550比3.775的形式因数，因此每个模块一般为0.6，每个模块一般大约加权7oz.。PC/104模块使用具有最少部件数和功率消耗(每个模块一般为1-2瓦特)的自堆栈总线消除了所必须的底板和插件箱。
例如，漫游路由器可以运行在具有80486处理器的16位总线。标准网络访问设备可以支持具有大约1-2Mbps吞吐量的典型用户数据的多至10Mbps的成组速率。根据可用的无线通信设备减少用户带宽。例如，Proxim的2Mbps无线LAN一般覆盖用户数据吞吐量大约为500Kbps的500码。如图1所示，漫游路由器一般包括3个模块，处理器10，主机设备或终端接口10a，以及通信设备或系统接口10b。
另一个潜在硬件应用是使用CARDIO S-MOS系统技术。该CPU板的尺寸与PCMCIA信用卡适配器的尺寸相同。其尺寸是3.55×3.775×0.6英寸。供电要求是+5V DC+/-10％，工作温度是0到70℃，存储温度是-40到85℃，相对湿度是10％到85％，不冷凝。
CARDIO是最紧致的满足一个堆栈机构和电子PC/104 Rev 2.2规范的可用PC/104兼容系统。电源故障指示器，备用电池和自动转换也是可能的。
也可以在诸如PCMCIA卡或部分在PCMCIA卡之类的小型便携式设备使用漫游路由器。在PCMCIA卡完全使用漫游路由器的情况下，主CPU和电源供给用于执行漫游路由和其他协议，算法，操作系统和应用业务。也可以使用部分由PCMCIA卡和部分由其他硬件实现的混合实现。
装置部件
通过在自含式装置执行数据包转换，在漫游路由器的数据包所进行的处理不影响主计算机并从主计算机卸载。匹配网络配置和业务的所有具体的可能的数据包转换都是在漫游路由器内部进行。漫游路由器可以排列，发送，和接收数据，与主计算机是否可用和连接无关。漫游路由器内部设置的算法和微控制器提供所有必须的计算程序以完全成为功能性的网络协处理器，与主计算机无关。
通过允许漫游路由器独立于主计算机处理数据包，主计算机可以掉电或休眠同时进行处理，从而增加移动计算机的电池使用寿命。
漫游路由器可以以几种不同的方式配置各种部件。在图10，漫游路由器包括一个处理器或微控制器11以转换存储在随机存取存储器的数据包缓冲区内的数据包。转换函数存储在实时操作系统(RTOS)的非易失性存储器13并且必须执行该转换类型的配置信息。
当启动(引导)漫游路由器时，将RTOS和转换算法从非易失性存储器加载到RAM，从这里执行RTOS和转换算法。可以存在连接主计算机的零个，一个或更多的主机接口。存在一个或多个网络接口。如果没有主机接口可用，则漫游路由器经网络接口从主计算机得到数据包。
在图11，以应用具体集成电路(ASIC)或场可编程门阵列(FPGA)15实现漫游路由器10。这些芯片包含用于数据包转换的算法。该芯片可以具有存储诸如为当前网络进行手工配置时的配置信息的非易失性存储器17的存储能力。芯片15也可以包括随机存取存储器，以便在数据包送到主机或网络接口之前缓冲在漫游路由器进行转换的数据包。
装置封装
如上所述，漫游路由器可以封装在几个不同的硬件配置。漫游路由器可以嵌入主计算机，或诸如交换开关或路由器之类的网络设备。也可以将漫游路由器作成插入主计算机的PCMCIA卡或自含外部盒。
每个漫游路由器可以构成一个或多个接口。如果路由器10处于网络基础结构，则它不必由移动用户随身携带。如图12a所示，漫游路由器10经系统接口10b连接到构成通信设备14的网络基础结构的局域网(LAN)，LAN14经一个常规的路由器26连接到互联网28，在这种情况下，由于经LAN14接收来自主计算机12的数据包，所以不需要漫游路由器10的主计算机接口10a。
为在主计算机12和网络14之间提供一个保密接口以防止主计算机观看(发觉)网络14上的数据包，漫游路由器10具有一个到主计算机12的接口(终端接口10a)和一个到网络14的第二接口(10b)，如图12b所示，并且漫游路由器10提供在各种接口之间打包和重新发送的数据包的滤波，由此提供一个防火墙类型的保密设备，但是该设备运行在网络内部。
为支持具有一个单独的漫游路由器10的多个主计算机12a…12n，漫游路由器10可以具有如图12c和图13所示的多个主机接口10a1…10an以及一个网络或系统接口10b。
如果漫游路由器由移动用户随身携带，就采取PCMCIA卡形式。在图12d，漫游路由器10实现为一个PCMCIA卡。处理和转换能力存储在卡内部并且到主计算机12的接口通过一个PCMCIA总线接口或通信卡30。
如图14所示，PCMCIA卡适合于III型插槽，其中在接受通信卡30(II型PCMCIA卡)的漫游路由器10上存在一个连接器。在该模式，漫游路由器不必使通信设备规定PCMCIA卡内部的部件。
漫游路由器10也可以采取II型PCMCIA卡的形式。在该形式，通信设备或卡30插在漫游路由器卡10的对面，如图15所示。
               漫游路由器的转换操作
初始化和自配置
漫游路由器初始化和自配置处理提供一些方法，通过该装置漫游路由器能够了解主计算机和网络，以便得知什么转换是必要的。
主机学习
漫游路由器10通过查看从主计算机发送的数据包的内容能够了解主计算机12是如何配置的。而不是主计算机12将数据包直接送到路由器26或其他网络设备，这就是初始配置所要作的工作，漫游路由器10能够将所有来自主计算机12的输出数据包改发给自身。可以以下面所述的几种方式实现这种转发。
1.Proxy ARP数据包截留和主机重新配置
主计算机12无论何时具有必须发送给路由器26或其他网络设备的IP地址，就使用地址分解协议(ARP)以得到链接层媒体访问控制地址(MAC地址)。如图8所示，当主计算机12广播并ARP请求目的地节点的MAC地址时，漫游路由器10接收该ARP请求广播并响应其MAC地址(而不是目的地节点的地址)。
当主计算机12从漫游路由器10接收该ARP答复时，主计算机将该MAC地址高速锁存在主计算机12并将所有的用于所配置的路由器或网络设备的数据包送到漫游路由器10，其中该ARP答复包含漫游路由器10的MAC地址。主计算机12将认为该MAC地址是所配置的IP网络设备的地址，但实际上，漫游路由器10假装(代替作用)是主计算机12希望找到的设备(其本地网关)。
漫游路由器10也能够使用相同处理重新配置并截留来自路由器或其他网络设备的返回数据包。
2.混杂模式数据包截留
由于MAC地址在短时间内存在于缓存中，主计算机12将不送出新的ARP请求以便再次获得MAC地址，除非超时时间到或当计算机12重新启动时高速缓存被清空。
当常规的网络设备接收或监听到具有不与其本身匹配的MAC地址的数据包时，它将忽略或丢弃该数据包。由于有可能使用便携式计算机很快地从一个网络环境切换到另一个，所以甚至当MAC地址不是漫游路由器的本地网关或设备的地址时，漫游路由器10也必须能够截留数据包。
这通过使漫游路由器的网络连接处于混杂模式来实现。在该模式，漫游路由器上的网络连接接受在通信链路上发送的所有数据包，而不仅仅是被广播或具体寻址的数据包。
3.动态主机配置协议(DHCP)服务
主计算机能够使用DHCP业务以获得配置信息而不是手工配置。使用DHCP服务的主计算机要求在当前连接的该网络区段内安装一个DHCP服务器。如果主计算机12正使用该服务并要求使用DHCP的配置信息，则漫游路由器10将截留这些请求并响应主计算机12使用的配置信息。
漫游路由器使用如下所述的几种不同方法能够了解其当前连接的网络环境。
1.动态主机配置协议(DHCP)
一个不同的网络连接无论何时连接到漫游路由器，它都将广播一个DHCP请求以获得当前网络的配置信息。如果不能获得网络上的DHCP服务，则将切换到另一种方法以了解网络配置。
2.路由器信息数据包
网络上的路由器将周期性地广播用于构成路由表并允许路由器适应网络变化的路由器信息数据包。漫游路由器10将在网络上收听这些路由器信息数据包。当接收一个数据包时，它将从这些数据包提取配置信息。
3.被动收听
通过将漫游路由器的网络连接置于混杂模式，漫游路由器可以检查网络上的所有数据包以发现网络是如何配置的，其中在混杂模式，漫游路由器接收所有的数据包，而不仅仅是为其所确定的数据包。漫游路由器还能够确定在局域网上所使用的IP地址以及通过最终目的地地址而不是下一个站点地址确定哪一个机器是路由器。
使用该方法，漫游路由器10能够被动地了解该网络是如何配置并选择使用未使用的IP地址。如果该IP地址改为由另一个网络设备使用，则将切换到另一个未使用的IP地址。
4.手工配置
在漫游路由器10可以手工配置网络配置信息。使用一个嵌入的Web服务器，简单网络管理协议(SNMP)工具，运行在网络上的一个计算机的应用程序，或其他适合的方法可以设定该信息。当使用手工配置来设定网络信息时，漫游路由器10仍将自动了解主机信息并提供全部的转换能力，因此主计算机不必了解其当前连接的LAN的正确网络信息。
数据包转换
漫游路由器的数据包转换功能根据主计算机12所使用以及主计算机12当前连接的网络14所使用的配置信息在位置和业务之间提供映像。对于从主计算机12到网络14的输出业务，转换功能改变数据包的内容，例如，源地址，检查和，和应用程序具体参数，使送到网络14的所有数据包直接返回漫游路由器10，而不是到达主计算机12。
从网络14到达漫游路由器10，实际上到达主计算机12的的输入业务经过转换功能，从而主计算机12认为这些答复是直接送给它的。主计算机12将完全不了解由漫游路由器10所执行的全部转换。
转换功能如图9a和9b所示进行。在这些图中，在OSI/ISO模块应用程序，传输、链接和物理层所执行的操作由与层标记相对的箭头表示。由主计算机12，漫游路由器10和网络14所执行的操作如设备标记下面的列所示。
主计算机12使用步骤1所示的标准协议栈产生使用存储在主计算机12的当前配置网络数据包。在主计算机12由手工配置该配置信息或者使用DHCP获得该配置信息。
如步骤2所示，当主计算机12寻址链接层目的地地址时，如早些时候所描述的使用Proxy ARP数据包截留例行程序自动得到该地址，这使主计算机12向其标准路由器或本地网关设备的网络地址送出该数据包，但是使用漫游路由器10的链接层地址。
在步骤3，数据包发送通过主计算机12和漫游路由器10之间的标准物理连接。如步骤4所示，由于重新配置主计算机的MAC地址的Proxy ARP功能，或者由于漫游路由器10将使链接层处于混杂模式，漫游路由器10将在链接层接收该数据包，其中甚至确定了不同的MAC地址，混杂模式也使漫游路由器10接收该数据包。
如步骤5所示，一旦数据包通过网络层，漫游路由器转换功能将修改数据包内容以便将源地址改为匹配漫游路由器地址而不是主计算机地址的地址。根据诸如域名称服务(DNS)服务器的名称之类的信息也可以进行其他转换。当转换DNS数据包时，将源地址改为漫游路由器地址以及将目的地地址改为局部DNS服务器的地址。
一旦完成网络层转换，就可以在应用和传输层转换数据包。如步骤6所示，如下转换应用层，这是因为传输层要求一个包括源和目的地地址以及来自应用层的内容的伪网络层标题。
在应用层转换中，例如，使用FTP描述主计算机的源地址的任何地址被转换为该漫游路由器地址的地址。任何应用层目的地地址，例如一个局部proxy服务器，被转换为与在当前网络运行的服务器的地址匹配的地址。
一旦完成该应用层转换，如步骤7所示，传输层能够完成检查和以及任何端口数处理。如果多于一个的主计算机12连接到漫游路由器10，则操作该端口号。当每个主计算机使用一个具体的端口送出一个请求时，将其转换为匹配一个漫游路由器10上的可用输入端口。
使用每个主计算机12指定的端口号存储在漫游路由器10内的表并由后面所描述的答复数据包使用。最终数据包在步骤8经网络14送出。
当从网络14接收一个答复数据包时，如步骤9所示，漫游路由器10将接收该数据包。在步骤10，漫游路由器10将执行反向的网络层转换以便将目的地地址设定为主计算机12的地址而不是漫游路由器的地址，并且在步骤5将任何源地址设定为由漫游路由器10替换的地址。
一旦完成该网络转换，在应用层转换数据包，如步骤11所示，以便将目的地地址转换为主计算机12的地址以及将源地址转换为步骤6所存储的初始目的地地址。在步骤12，步骤7所执行的任何端口处理变为初始设定并计算新的检查和。最后，如图13所示，该数据包被送到正常处理数据包的主计算机12。
                 漫游路由器的选择
漫游路由器存在多个选项和应用程序。这些应用程序包括漫游电子邮件，远程网络文件同步，漫游数据库同步，瞬时网络漫游路由，漫游互联网，和商务显示数据交换，但不限于此。下面详细描述这些应用程序中的每一个。
漫游电子邮件
漫游电子邮件提供一个更新，调节，和经互联网传播的复制品的同步且分布的方式。在互联网的各个位置是设置有提供必要的同步等的漫游电子邮件支持的漫游路由器。在没有必须支持协议的主机设备的情况下，用于漫游电子邮件的每个漫游路由器能使用诸如提供漫游用户支持的IMAP之类的具体协议(例如，在使用多数互联网电子邮件客户中的POP3协议标准的情况下)。
远程网络文件同步器
漫游路由器的远程网络文件同步选项提供在在设置远程网络文件同步的其他漫游路由器上的各个位置(例如，旅馆，办公室，家庭)存储/高速缓存的用户文件的复制品。更新文件的复制品在所有同等位置之间自动同步和分布。可进行局部更新同时将主机与漫游路由器和网络断开。
漫游数据库同步器
漫游数据库同步器包含用户(同步的)主数据库(例如，联系人，地址，电话号码)。在网络上甚至不需要使用数据库同步器的漫游路由器，这是因为其经各个标准端口直接与各个主机设备接口，这些主机设备包括膝上型计算机，桌上型电脑，个人数字助理，手持个人计算机，寻呼机，等。
瞬时网络漫游路由器
瞬时网络漫游路由器的目的是在具有很少或不固定的基础设施的任何环境下进行一个通信环境的快速调度。主机和通信设备不必直接支持快速调度功能。
瞬时网络漫游路由器在主机设备和所要求的通信系统之间分布地并智能地建立一个无线(或有线)通信链路，同时执行配置，保密，多站点路由，和经各种通信设备的网络层数据传输。漫游路由器执行所有必须的网络创建和处理以便自动从主机系统或用户消除配置和系统支持。瞬时网络漫游路由器使用专有的，现存/出现的无线通信系统，以及多站点路由协议。
由于移动，很多基础设施改变和分开，该问题与引入多种技术的产生的问题相同。例如，高性能的LAN，无线业务，蜂窝电话，卫星，普遍存在的寻呼网络，都提供覆盖范围变化，费用和带宽/延迟特性。
有时，由于缺乏服务，这些设备之间也可以不存在连接性，随着设备插入系统和从系统取出，这些设备之间也可以存在部分和间断的连接性，因此，有意或随机地造成对通信基础设施的损坏，随着系统移动通过各种设备区或不同范围，以及当同时使用多个网络设备(通信基底)时对通信造成损耗。如果必要的话，瞬时网络漫游路由器将动态适应通信网络，动态创建一个通信网络，以便在不必具有中央控制或固定的设施的情况下，在移动的混乱环境提供生存力强的通信。
快速可调度的漫游路由器是与每个用户主机设备(例如，PDA或膝上型计算机)有关的设备。它通过使用用于物理和链接层访问的各种无线通信设备透明地提供下面的主计算机系统的功能。
1.动态无线网络创建
2.初始化为现存无线网络
3.自动配置
4.网络和子网络级数据传输
5.多站点路由功能
漫游路由器通过轮询接口，提供一个中断信号，或通过具体的发信号可以检测一个正使用的设备。这依次启动漫游路由器以配置该设备(如果必要的话)并建立一个通信链路以便适合于相应的接口和无线子网络。漫游路由器在产生数据的主机设备和物理通信传输设备之间的层面操作，如图1所示。
漫游内部网
漫游内部网提供所有网络，服务器类型，用户动态创建一个专用网的服务。除漫游内部网是一个具有可以插入膝上型计算机/设备的多个端口的单独设备之外，漫游内部网与瞬时网络漫游路由器相似。将瞬时网络漫游路由器分配给(每次一个)每个主机设备。漫游内部网不仅提供专用网络，而且也提供诸如暂时文件存储，协议转换，作为一个打印服务器之类的服务，以及还提供描述为基本漫游路由器的一部分的其他服务。
商务显示漫游路由器
商务显示漫游路由器不仅提供展出者带去展出的的计算机的基本漫游路由器的功能性，而且提供引导俘获和/或信息分布。可以提供引导俘获用于与标记阅读器接口以读取出席者的信息。接着该信息由漫游路由器俘获并可用于展出者的引导数据库。
漫游路由器也可提供一个用于将信息分布给出席者的个人网页或经电子邮件直接通过互联网送出的机构。展出者的计算机通过运行web浏览器这样的软件能够控制漫游路由器的信息流，web浏览器与存储在漫游路由器内的业务/控制软件交流。标准的web浏览器可以控制引导信息的显示和俘获，资格信息的收集，和选择返回给出席者的信息。
固定漫游路由器
固定漫游路由器提供与便携式漫游路由器相同的基本功能和构成，但是固定漫游路由器的基本功能和构成存储在一个位置。当用户正在旅游的路上时，固定漫游路由器作为一个代用品或用户的“本地代理”。当用户希望在网络上的其他地方登录或使用其主机设备时，便携式漫游路由器将使用固定漫游路由器登录，因为固定漫游路由器暂时连接到网络，因此信息可以漫游到用户的新位置。也可以使用固定漫游路由器来容纳漫游电子邮件业务的用户电子邮件的主复制品，或漫游文件同步器的文件。
移动虚拟专用网络
漫游路由器在基于互联网现在使用的IP地址的位置和基于主CPU所包含的地址的永久用户之间提供映像。在主CPU或用户不支持或了解这种映像的情况下进行该映像。互联网RFC2002移动IP协议规定永久和暂时IP地址之间的映像。漫游路由器的独特方面是主CPU不必运行，或支持移动IP协议，而是在漫游路由器内部运行，或支持移动IP协议。
通过将该协议作为漫游路由器功能的一部分，漫游路由器可以密封来自主计算机的数据包并将其返回到在本国(本地)网络送出(未密封)的固定漫游路由器。固定漫游路由器接收来自本地网的回复并将其密封及返回漫游路由器。当在漫游路由器和固定漫游路由器之间传送数据包时，使用互联网隧道效应协议加密和发送数据包。
由于漫游路由器提供位置独立性，而固定漫游路由器将所有来自相应主机的数据包经漫游路由器前向送到主计算机，位置、网络链路故障，或移动主机的连接点的任何变化都不会使任何开路对话丢失。由于固定漫游路由器装作是一个移动主计算机，并且漫游路由器装作是本地网络，所以有可能防止该对话损失。固定漫游路由器和漫游路由器的转换功能隐藏了来自传输和应用程序对话的链路和网络损失。
在不脱离本发明实质的情况下，在阅读了本发明公开的内容后，对本发明作出各种修改，对本领域技术人员而言是可行的。
工业适用性
本发明广泛适用于使用计算机和其他设备的电子数据通信的领域。

Claims (54)

1.一种用于将一个终端与一个通信设备相连的转换器，该终端被配置为与一个本地设备相连，该转换器包括：
一个接口，用于与终端和系统相连；和
一个处理器，与该接口相连，该处理器被配置为作为该终端的本地设备，以及该系统的终端出现。
2.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中：
该终端具有一个永久地址；
该转换器具有一个转换器地址；
该终端向系统发送包括作为源地址的永久地址的输出数据；和
处理器通过使用转换器地址替换永久地址作为源地址来转换输出数据。
3.如权利要求2所述的转换器，其中永久地址是互联网协议(IP)地址。
4.如权利要求2所述的转换器，其中转换器地址是互联网协议(IP)地址。
5.如权利要求2所述的转换器，其中处理器从终端发送的数据确定永久地址。
6.如权利要求5所述的转换器，其中：
终端发送包括到转换器的永久地址的地址分解协议(ARP)数据包；和
处理器确定来自ARP数据包的永久地址。
7.如权利要求5所述的转换器，其中
将处理器配置为以转换全部输出数据的混杂模式操作；和
处理器确定来自输出数据的永久地址。
8.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中：
转换器具有一个转换器硬件地址；和
将处理器配置为使终端适合于向转换器硬件地址发送输出数据。
9.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中：
终端具有一个永久地址；
转换器具有一个转换器地址；
转换器从系统接收包括作为目的地地址的转换器地址的输入数据；和
处理器通过使用永久地址替换转换器地址作为目的地地址转换输入数据。
10.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中：
终端具有一个永久地址；
转换器具有一个转换器地址；
终端将包括作为源地址的永久地址的输出数据发送到系统；
处理器通过使用转换器地址替换永久地址作为源地址转换输出数据；
转换器从系统接收包括作为目的地地址的转换器地址的输入数据；和
处理器通过使用永久地址替换转换器地址作为目的地地址转换输入数据。
11.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中将处理器配置为自动将其本身配置到系统。
12.如权利要求11所述的转换器，其中处理器使用动态主机配置协议(DHCP)将其自身配置到系统。
13.如权利要求11所述的转换器，其中处理器通过以混杂模式进行操作将其自身配置到系统，其中在混杂模式，处理器接收全部输入数据并从中提取系统信息。
14.如权利要求11所述的转换器，其中系统包括广播包含系统信息的信息数据包的至少一个转换器；和
处理器通过接收信息数据包并从中提取系统信息将其本身配置到系统。
15.如权利要求11所述的转换器，其中处理器配置为具有手工输入其中的系统信息。
16.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中转换器配置为与另一个转换器通信，其中，另一个转换器连接到本地设备并配置为作为一个本地代理器。
17.如权利要求1所述的转换器，包括一个插入接口和处理器的硬件设备，该硬件设备连接到终端和系统。
18.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中硬件设备连接到终端。
19.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中：
系统包括一个部件，和
硬件设备连接到该部件。
20.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中：
系统包括一个网络，和
硬件设备连接到该网络上的一点。
21.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中：
系统包括一个网络，和
硬件设备连接在终端和网络之间。
22.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中硬件设备包括一个卡，该卡包括其上存储处理器所实现的软件的存储器，和一个用于运行该软件的计算设备。
23.如权利要求22所述的转换器，其中将卡配置为插入终端。
24.如权利要求17所述的转换器，其中硬件设备包括一个集成电路，该集成电路包括一个其上存储处理器所实现的软件的存储器，和一个用于运行该软件的计算设备。
25.如权利要求24所述的转换器，其中将集成电路配置为插入终端。
26.如权利要求1所述的转换器，包括在终端存储并运行的软件。
27.如权利要求1所述的转换器，包括在系统的一个部件存储并运行的软件。
28.如权利要求27所述的转换器，其中系统包括一个连接部件的网络。
29.如权利要求1所述的转换器，其中接口包括一个连接到终端的终端接口，和一个连接到系统的系统接口。
30.如权利要求29所述的转换器，其中处理器连接到终端接口和系统接口之间。
31.如权利要求29所述的转换器，其中：
系统接口连接到系统；
未使用终端接口；和
终端连接到系统。
32.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为转换传输控制协议/互联网协议(TCP/IP)数据包。
33.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为具有滤波能力。
34.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为在对终端透明的系统使用替换的通信设备。
35.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中在出现故障的情况下将处理器配置为能够防止到终端的对话损耗。
36.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为执行动态创建和维护无线网络使其具有路由一个通过多个对终端透明的无线站点的数据包的能力
37.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中：
系统包括第一和第二网络；
终端和转换器连接到第一网络；和
将处理器配置为作为到终端的第二网络出现，以及作为到第二网络的终端出现。
38.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为执行数据协议转换。
39.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为响应远程源上的在转换器局部高速缓存的数据请求。
40.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为提供通过系统的文件同步。
41.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器进一步配置为在多个终端之间执行数据库同步。
42.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中将处理器配置为提供具有文件复印和调和的电子邮件而终端不必请求复印和调和。
43.如权利要求1所述转换器，其中：
终端将包括作为目的地地址的第一地址的输出数据发送给系统；
转换器存储对应于第一地址的第二地址；和
转换器通过使用第二地址替换第一地址作为目的地地址转换输出数据。
44.如权利要求43所述转换器，其中：
转换器从系统接收包括作为源地址的第二地址的输入数据；和
转换器通过使用第一地址替换第二地址作为源地址转换输入数据。
45.一种用于存储实现转换器的功能的计算机程序的数字存储介质，所述功能为执行终端之间的数据转换，终端配置为连接到本地设备、系统，所述程序配置为使转换器作为终端的本地设备出现，以及作为系统的终端出现。
46.如权利要求45所述的介质，其中：
终端具有一个永久地址；
转换器具有一个转换器地址；
终端将包括作为源地址的永久地址的输出数据发送给系统；和
转换器配置为通过使用转换器地址替换永久地址作为源地址转换输出数据。
47.如权利要求46所述介质，其中永久地址是互联网协议(IP)地址。
48.如权利要求46所述介质，其中转换器地址互联网协议(IP)地址。
49.如权利要求46所述介质，其中将程序配置为从终端发送的数据确定永久地址。
50.如权利要求49所述介质，其中：
终端发送包括永久地址的地址分解协议(ARP)到转换器；和转换器配置为从ARP数据包确定永久地址。
51.如权利要求49所述介质，其中：
将转换器配置为以混杂模式操作，其中在该模式转换器接收全部输出数据；和
将转换器进一步配置为从输出数据确定永久地址。
52.如权利要求45所述介质，其中
转换器具有一个转换器硬件地址；和
将转换器配置为使终端适合于向转换器硬件地址发送输出数据。
53.如权利要求45所述的转换器，其中：
终端具有一个永久地址；
转换器具有一个转换器地址；
转换器从系统接收包括作为目的地地址的转换器地址的输入数据；和
将转换器配置为通过使用永久地址替换转换器地址作为目的地地址转换输入数据。
54.如权利要求45所述的转换器，其中：
终端具有一个永久地址；
转换器具有一个转换器地址；
终端将包括作为源地址的永久地址的输出数据发送到系统；
将转换器配置为通过使用转换器地址替换永久地址作为源地址转换输出数据；
转换器从系统接收包括作为目的地地址的转换器地址的输入数据；和
将转换器配置为通过使用永久地址替换转换器地址作为目的地地址转换输入数据。
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CN1883179B (zh) * 2003-10-15 2010-06-09 沃纳格控股公司 用于增强型因特网电话技术的方法和装置

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