CN1295527C - Diamond-structure photo crystal with hollow-medium ball and preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Diamond-structure photo crystal with hollow-medium ball and preparing method thereof Download PDF

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CN1295527C
CN1295527C CNB031316875A CN03131687A CN1295527C CN 1295527 C CN1295527 C CN 1295527C CN B031316875 A CNB031316875 A CN B031316875A CN 03131687 A CN03131687 A CN 03131687A CN 1295527 C CN1295527 C CN 1295527C
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ball
photonic crystal
medium
hollow dielectric
hollow
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CN1553233A (en
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王振林
赵晨辉
章维益
闵乃本
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a photonic crystal with a diamond structure, which is formed by hollow medium spheres. The hollow medium spheres of a certain size are arrayed in three-dimensional space according to the diamond structure so as to enable the medium spheres and background materials of the position in which the medium spheres stay to have large enough contrast ratio of refractivity. The present invention has the preparation method that each medium sphere is used as a supporting kernel, and the medium 'coat' of the surface of each sphere, which each sphere needs, is carried out; each hollow medium sphere of which the size is centimeter is prepared, each sphere made of organic materials is used as the kernel, and then, an outer layer spherical shell is obtained by using the method of stamper and agglomeration so as to simultaneously remove the kernel. The present invention overcomes the complexity of technology, which is caused by a colloidal crystal in the process of filling in materials at late stage in the method of the preparation of the photonic crystal. The present invention takes full advantage of the characteristics of simplicity and low cost of preparation technology of monodisperse medium spheres; the hollow medium spheres are arrayed according to the diamond structure, and thus, the three-dimensional photonic crystal of wide and full band gap is directly obtained. The present invention obtains the photonic crystal with the prospect of extensive use or basis function materials which are applied to photoelectricity and has the advantage of excellent performance.

Description

Diamond lattic structure photonic crystal and preparation method that hollow dielectric ball constitutes
One, technical field
The present invention relates to stock of a kind of New-type photon crystal and preparation method thereof, diamond lattic structure photonic crystal and preparation method that especially a kind of hollow dielectric ball constitutes.
Two, background technology
Photonic crystal is a kind of artificial material that just occurs in recent ten years.Because it has periodic structure, thereby with electromagnetic wave stronger interaction is arranged.Photonic crystal is different from the crystal of natural formation.Mineral crystal is by atomic building, be coupled by chemical bond between atom, and " atom " in the photonic crystal (perhaps being " primitive ") is the medium spheroid made by manual method or the medium block of other shape, contacts by physics between the primitive to keep its rock-steady structure.On the other hand, primitive choose wide range, can be deielectric-coating, medium ball or dielectric rod etc., the dimension of choosing the frequency range of working with crystal and crystal of primitive size is all relevant simultaneously.
The principal character of photonic crystal is that the electromagnetic wave of certain frequency range is existed reflectivity near 100%, and this frequency range is called the band gap of photonic crystal.The incident direction difference of light, the position of band gap generally are different.Simultaneously, when we changed the structure of photonic crystal, the position of these band gap also can change.If all can occur high reflection to any incident direction at same band frequency, so such frequency range is called full band gap; The electromagnetic wave that frequency is in the full band gap all can't pass through photonic crystal along any direction incident.
Photonic crystal research is also obtaining remarkable progress over past ten years.Because the character of its uniqueness makes it be with a wide range of applications, these possible application comprise comprehensive catoptron, antenna substrate, high-quality resonator cavity, wave filter or the like.
Photonic crystal has had the extensive studies report from the proposition of initial notion till now.From one dimension, 2 d-to-3 d, from simple periodic structure to aperiodic structure, the photonic crystal from desirable periodic structure to the defectiveness structure, how people design and prepare always the photonic crystal of wide full band gap from theoretical and two aspect researchs of experiment.
From space dimensionality, for the one-dimentional structure photonic crystal, have only when the electromagnetic wave vertical incidence, just photon band gap can appear.Yet need to control light in three-dimensional propagation in many practical applications, the three-D photon crystal of full band gap could satisfy such requirement.On the other hand, practical photonic crystal is total relative relief that has some dislocations or primitive size in preparation process, and the introducing of these structural deviations can have influence on the full bandgap properties of photonic crystal undoubtedly; When deviation is serious even can destroy full band gap.Compare with narrow full band gap photonic crystal, the influence of the wide full band gap photonic crystal of unordered pair is little, and therefore designing and develop wide full band gap photonic crystal has crucial application value.Referring to " Periodic dielectric structure of thethree-dimensional photonic band gap type and method for its manufacture; " P.de Maagt, R.Gonzalo, and G.Crone, US Patent No.:US 6,469,682 B1.
Micro-processing technology is a kind of method that preparation has the photonic crystal of the full band gap of three-dimensional photon, referring to United States Patent (USP) 6469682B1 (the patent authorizing time: on October 22nd, 2002).The advantage of these class methods is to provide bigger degree of freedom for introduce defective in the future in photonic crystal; And this method is compatible mutually with current microelectric technique.Shortcoming is: cost height, technical matters complexity; Still have very big challenge if obtain the number of plies greater than the photonic crystal book film more than 10.More crucial is, obtain the photonic crystal (cycle 1 micron below) of full band gap at visible region, and the precision of micro-processing technology is also big less than such requirement at present.
The preparation method of at present popular another kind of three-dimensional photon crystal structure is: the colloidal crystal that at first monodispersed colloidal spheres is formed face-centred cubic structure by process of self-organization; Be template further with such colloidal crystal, filled dielectric material in its space; Remove template by chemical corrosion or calcining method at last, obtain a kind of porous medium of three-dimensional.The synoptic diagram of process is seen Fig. 1.Referring to " Self assembly lights up, " J.D.Joannopoulos, Nature, 414 (2001) 257.In ideal conditions (complete filling) when the refractive index of institute's underfill material greater than 2.8 the time, corresponding porous medium can produce full band gap.Referring to " Photonicband gap formation in certain self-organizing systems, " K.Bush and S.John, Phys.Rev.E, 58 (1998) 3896.
The advantage of template method is that single synthetic and separating technology of bead that disperses is simple, and cost is low; The preparation of template is simple, not only obtains large-area sample easily, and the number of plies of sample can be controlled in several layers to hundreds of layers.Because the size of monodispersed polystyrene or silica spheres can be controlled the little tens nanometer that arrives, arrive several microns greatly simultaneously, say that in principle this method of employing can arrive the ultraviolet spectrum district with the position frequency displacement of full band gap.But the outstanding shortcoming of this method is: the growth of later stage material is in the space of nanoscale, but not one space (as planar substrate) relatively freely, brings very big challenge for actual preparation.On the other hand, the 5% complete relatively band gap width that obtain to have significant practical applications, this method requires the refractive index of institute's packing material to see Fig. 2 greater than 3.6.Referring to " On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic band gapcrystals " Y.A.Vlasov, X.-Z.Bo, J.C.Sturm, and D.J.Norris, Nature, 414 (2001) 289.Owing to do not have a kind of refractive index of transparent material can be so high at visible region, therefore adopting colloidal crystal be that the method for template is the full band gap photonic crystal that impossible obtain visible region.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency at said method, particularly having overcome colloidal crystal is that template prepares the complicacy that the later stage material filling process in the photonic crystal method is brought, and adopt refractive index can not obtain " bottleneck " problem of the photonic crystal of practicality less than 3.0 medium (as filler), a kind of three-dimensional periodic structure photonic crystal with wide full band gap and preparation method thereof is proposed.The present invention makes full use of the easy and low cost on single dispersion medium ball preparation technology, adopts hollow dielectric ball (if size in micron dimension, is commonly referred to as colloid micro ball) to be assembled into a kind of three-D space structure, i.e. diamond lattic structure photonic crystal.Obtain a kind of three-dimensional periodic structure photonic crystal with wide full band gap.
Diamond lattic structure photon crystal material of the present invention has full band gap certain condition is arranged.One of condition is enough big contrast of refractive index to be arranged, i.e. the ratio of the refractive index of the refractive index background of living in it of hollow ball shell; Two of condition is that in order to make full band gap wide as much as possible, there are an optimum range in the internal diameter of spherical shell and the ratio of external diameter.We obtain the ratio of a pervasive interior external diameter by different refractive indexes is optimized, and can make the full band gap of photonic crystal of the diamond lattic structure that is obtained the wideest.
The diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that hollow dielectric ball constitutes is arranged size at three dimensions at the hollow dielectric ball of micron dimension according to diamond lattic structure, the ratio of medium ball inner diameter d and medium ball outer diameter D: 0.3-0.6, the refractive index n of medium spherical shell>2.73.The best is d/D=0.4, when the electromagnetic wave of corresponding frequencies during from the material of this structure of any direction incident surperficial, total reflection can occur, and promptly this artificial material is the photonic crystal with full band gap.
The preparation method of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that hollow dielectric ball constitutes adopts a kind of medium ball as supporting kernel, and this support kernel adopts monodispersed silicon dioxide microsphere or polystyrene microsphere, carries out required medium " coating " on the surface of ball then; Remove kernel then, prepare the hollow dielectric ball of size in micron dimension, adopt the nanometer " robot " that is connected with scanning electron microscope to control moving of these balls, for these hollow dielectric balls are arranged in diamond lattic structure, adopt a kind of and the auxiliary ball hollow ball same outer diameter as, as the support of building above-mentioned diamond lattic structure " bridge ", described hollow dielectric ball and described auxiliary ball are from bottom to top arranged from the bottom according to body-centered cubic structure; When actual arrangement, also be in contact with one another between ball and the adjacent ball; Take following mode to carry out " fixing " to the ball that is in the bottom, promptly at first on flat substrate, form the square projection or the pit dot matrix in cycle by means of photoetching, the ball of ground floor is in relative fixed in projection that these photoetching form or the pit dot matrix, when the choosing of auxiliary ball adopted and prepared hollow dielectric ball with the front as the medium ball of the same race that supports kernel, after above-mentioned " fixing " processing, adopt chemical corrosion method or method for calcinating to remove these passive auxiliary balls, just obtain the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by single hollow dielectric ball; Wherein, the ratio of hollow dielectric ball inner diameter d and hollow dielectric ball outer diameter D: 0.3-0.6; The refractive index n of hollow medium spherical shell>2.73, thus make that the full band gap of photonic crystal is the wideest.
Characteristics of the present invention are: having overcome colloidal crystal is that template prepares the technologic complicacy that the later stage material filling process in the photonic crystal method is brought.Made full use of the easy and low cost on single dispersion medium ball preparation technology, adopted hollow dielectric ball to arrange, thereby directly obtained the three-D photon crystal of wide full band gap according to diamond lattic structure.In order to open 4% full band gap, as long as the refractive index of medium ball reaches 3.0.Compare with above-mentioned template method, under the condition of same material, adopt the full band gap that the present invention obtained wideer.The present invention has obtained the basic function material of the excellent performance of a kind of photonic crystal with wide application prospect or photovoltaic applications.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a template for available technology adopting adopts colloidal crystal, the synoptic diagram of the three-dimensional full band gap photonic crystal of preparation.It is template that Fig. 1 adopts colloidal crystal, the filling of bond material in its space, the synoptic diagram of the three-dimensional full band gap photonic crystal of preparation.Fig. 1 (a) is illustrated in and adopts gas-liquid interface zone colloid micro ball self-organization characteristic and substrate czochralski method to prepare colloidal crystal template on the silicon substrate; Fig. 1 (b) is illustrated in and fills high index of refraction (with silicon is example, its refractive index n=3.6) material in the colloidal crystal space; Resulting three-D photon crystal after Fig. 1 (c) expression removal template.
Fig. 2 represents to adopt the relation between the refractive index of the energy gap of the prepared photonic crystal of Fig. 1 prior art and institute's packing material.As can be seen from the figure: have only when the refractive index of institute's packing material full band gap could occur greater than 2.8 the time; And if obtain 4% full band gap, then require refractive index n>3.4 of material.In fact, in visible-range except GaP the refractive index of neither one material can reach such requirement and have very little light absorption simultaneously.
Fig. 3 is for piling up primitive---hollow medium cross sectional representation in the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal of the present invention.The center is an air, and dark dash area is a medium.Below we will represent inner diameter d with a ratio, this ratio is internal diameter and the ratio of outer diameter D, such as working as d=0.4D, we just represent internal diameter with 0.4.
Fig. 4 is a hollow dielectric ball preparation process synoptic diagram of the present invention.The kernel that medium ball (representing with the light gray) conduct that can take suitable mode (as chemical corrosion or calcining method) to remove is supported carries out required medium " coating " (representing with Dark grey) on its surface.After obtaining certain thickness medium shell, the kernel removal is promptly obtained needed hollow dielectric ball.
Fig. 5 is diamond lattic structure photonic crystal hollow core medium ball of the present invention distribution schematic diagram in a cellular.In the actual conditions, the medium ball that medium ball is adjacent is in contact with one another.In the actual fabrication, under keeping the relative position prerequisite, be in contact with one another between ball and the ball time; And being above-mentioned cellular, whole crystal forms in three-dimensional x, y, z direction repeated arrangement.Notice that diamond lattic structure is compound face-centred cubic structure, 4 " atoms " occurred a face-centered cubic structure cell inside, these 4 primitives (hollow dielectric ball) all are on the body diagonal of structure cell.
The assembling process synoptic diagram of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that Fig. 6 is made of hollow dielectric ball for the present invention.Its Oxford gray ball is represented the position of hollow dielectric ball, and the light gray chromosphere is represented the position of passive auxiliary ball.The diameter and the hollow ball medium ball of auxiliary ball are identical.These two kinds of balls are arranged according to the body-centered cubic structure shown in Fig. 6 (b).In the reality, ball and adjacent ball are in contact with one another, and notice that the arrangement of each ball in the space wherein is diamond lattic structure, but these two diamond lattic structures are in the staggered distance (a is the grating constant of diamond lattic structure) of a/2 of x direction.The choosing of auxiliary ball can be adopted when preparing hollow dielectric ball the ball of the same race (the big palpulus of fulcrum ball is identical with the external diameter of hollow ball) as the support kernel.After being stacked to certain number of plies, take similar means that wherein auxiliary ball is removed, promptly obtain the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by hollow ball.
Fig. 7 is the typical energy band diagram of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of the hollow medium spherical shell of the present invention.Dash area is full bandgap region among the figure.The material of this photonic crystal and structural parameters are chosen as follows: the refractive index of spherical shell is n=3.6 (silicon materials), and the spherical shell internal diameter is d/D=0.4 with the ratio of external diameter, and the volume of spherical shell occupies than being 34% (be the close packing rock-steady structure that ball and ball are in contact with one another this moment).Ordinate in the energy band diagram is normalized frequency omega=ω a/2 π c, and wherein ω is electromagnetic circular frequency, and a is the grating constant of diamond lattic structure, and c is the light velocity in the vacuum.。Horizontal ordinate is represented the first Brillouin border, and each letter is corresponding to the borderline high symmetric points in first Brillouin zone.As we can see from the figure, a wide full band gap is arranged the 8th, 9 between being with, its normalized centre frequency is about Ω=0.78.
Fig. 8 is shown the occupying than being fixed at the medium ball volume of the present invention at 34% o'clock, adopts the dependence between the refractive index of the full band gap width of the diamond crystal that the hollow dielectric ball of the ratio with different inside and outside footpaths constitutes and medium spherical shell.Horizontal ordinate is represented the refractive index of medium spherical shell, and ordinate is represented relative energy gap.Every curve is corresponding to the ratio of a definite interior external diameter among the figure.As can be seen, when the internal diameter of medium spherical shell when 0.05 increases to 0.4, curve moves to region of low refractive index, shows that opening the required refractive index threshold value in forbidden band reduces gradually.This result has significant practical applications very much, because the refractive index of most of material is not high, especially at visible light wave range.When internal diameter was increased to 0.4, the refractive index threshold value of opening the forbidden band was reduced to 2.73.On the other hand, when internal diameter when 0.4 continue to increase, the curve turns high-refractive-index regions moves, the width in forbidden band descends fast simultaneously.
Optimization presentation of results by Fig. 8, when refractive index during less than 3.6 (refractive index of the optical material of near infrared and visible region is all less than these values), if the ratio in the inside and outside footpath of medium ball is 0.4, then the forbidden band of arranging the photonic crystal constitute according to diamond lattic structure by such hollow dielectric ball is the wideest.Open 4% forbidden band,,, except GaP, have many materials can satisfy such requirement in visible light and near-infrared region as long as refractive index reaches n>3.0.And if adopt silicon materials (refractive index is 3.6), energy gap can reach 9%, compares with result among Fig. 2, and this almost is to adopt 2 times of energy gap that the colloid template method can reach as can be seen.
Five, embodiment
Below will and can be with character with the preparation method who describes the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by hollow dielectric ball by accompanying drawing in detail.We will provide its full band gap of diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of hollow dielectric ball and the relation between the material structure parameter.
1. what adopt among the present invention is hollow dielectric ball, sees Fig. 3.The preparation process of hollow dielectric ball is referring to Fig. 4.Specifically be, at first adopt a kind of medium ball, carry out required medium " coating " on the surface of ball then as supporting kernel.Size in micron dimension, can adopt the conduct of monodispersed silicon dioxide microsphere or polystyrene microsphere can remove the support kernel, and the method that " coating " method can adopt the ball surface treatment to combine with the material seed growth form certain thickness required deielectric-coating.Referring to " Preparation andcharacterization of titania-coated polystyrene spheres and hollowtitania shells; " A.Imhof, Langmuir, 17 (2001) 3579 and " Poly (L-lysine) aggregates as templates for the formation of hollow silica spheres; " K.J.C.van Bommel, J.Hwa, and S.Shinkai, Adv.Mater.13 (2001) 1472.Through after the coating, remove passive kernel.Final step is carried out after also can being left to and being assembled into three-dimensional structure.If what adopt is silicon dioxide microsphere, and the spherical shell material is acidproof, can adopt chemical corrosion method to remove; And if the employing polystyrene microsphere can be removed kernel by method for calcinating very easily.
2. what the present invention adopted is diamond lattic structure.The diamond lattic structure photonic crystal synoptic diagram of Fig. 5 for constituting by hollow dielectric ball.In the reality, be in contact with one another between each ball and its arest neighbors ball, to keep the stability of total.On structure, diamond lattic structure is composited by two face-centred cubic structures, can't obtain such structure by above-mentioned self-assembling method.For the medium ball of centimetre magnitude, we can control moving of these medium balls by the method for craft, thereby they are assembled into diamond lattic structure.
3. for the medium ball of size in micron dimension, because this moment, their quality was very little, " robot " controls moving of these balls can to adopt the nanometer that links to each other with scanning electron microscope, its mobile accuracy can reach nanometer scale, referring to H.Morishita, and Y.Hatamura, in Proc.IEEE/RSJ Int.Conf.Intelligent Robots and Systems, Yokohama, Japan, July 26-301993.For these hollow dielectric balls are arranged in diamond lattic structure, we need auxiliary ball (Fig. 6 (a)) a kind of and the hollow dielectric ball same diameter, as the support of building above-mentioned three-dimensional structure " bridge ", referring to " Nanorobotic manipulation of microspheres for on-chip diamondarchitecures " F.Garcia-Santamaria, H.T.Miyazaki, A.Urquia, M.Ibisate, M.Belmonte, N.Shinya, F.Meseguer, and C.Lopez, Adv.Mater.14 (2002) 1144.。This two classes ball is from bottom to top arranged from the bottom layer by layer according to the body-centered cubic structure shown in Fig. 6 (b).When actual arrangement, also be in contact with one another between the ball of ball and arest neighbors.In order to implement stable accumulation, the ball that is in the bottom need take suitable mode to carry out " fixing ", this can form the square protruding dot matrix or the pit dot matrix in cycle by means of photoetching technique on flat substrate, in case the ball of ground floor is in these designs " trap ", they are with regard to relative fixed.
4. note in body-centered cubic structure shown in Figure 6, be still diamond lattic structure with a kind of arrangement of ball.(this depends on the reflectivity that reaches of requiring) anneals total under suitable temperature after being assembled into certain number of plies, makes to form interconnective " neck " between the hollow dielectric ball, and no longer is original some contact.This temperature can be controlled at below the softening temperature near the spherical shell material.When the choosing of auxiliary ball preferably adopted and prepared hollow dielectric ball with the front as the medium ball of the same race that supports kernel, therefore after handling through above-mentioned " fixing ", the same gimmick in employing and front is removed these passive auxiliary balls, with regard to the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that obtains being made of single hollow dielectric ball.
5. in the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of hollow dielectric ball, actual material preparation need be adopted close pile structure, and this moment, each ball contact and mutual support with adjacent four balls, could form rock-steady structure like this.
6. constitute diamond lattic structure photonic crystal pile up that primitive---the inner diameter d and the outer diameter D of hollow dielectric ball can be by artificial method changes.The internal diameter of hollow ball depends on the size that supports kernel, and the external diameter of spherical shell then is decided by the thickness of the size and the coating of kernel.
7. the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by hollow dielectric ball, full band gap can appear at the 2nd, 3 can be with between or the 8th, 9 can be with between.And the 2nd, 3 full band gap between being with are narrow, and relative width (ratio of band gap width and its centre frequency) is all below 3%.Full band gap at 8,9 energy interbands is then much bigger, and the width of this full band gap is relevant with the refractive index ratio of boss ratio value, medium ball and the background of medium spherical shell.In order to obtain maximum full band gap, boss ratio value 0.3-0.6, optimum value is got d/D=0.4.
8. the full band gap of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of hollow dielectric ball generally requires the ratio of medium spherical shell and the refractive index of background to be greater than a certain critical value could to occur.Under close heap situation, this critical value can become with the internal diameter of spherical shell, referring to Fig. 8.The requirement that sheathing material is chosen is: transparent in relevant frequency range, and its refractive index n>2.73.
9. full band gap can appear at microwave section, infrared band, near infrared or visible light wave range, and the diameter of centre frequency position frequency and spherical shell has following relation: D=0.433c Ω c/ ω cWherein D is the spherical shell external diameter, Ω cBe center, forbidden band normalized frequency (see figure 7), ω cBe the full bandgap center frequency of photonic crystal (unit is a hertz Hz).In case the frequency of operation of desired photonic crystal has been determined, then obtains the external diameter of medium ball according to this formula.

Claims (6)

1, the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal of hollow dielectric ball formation, it is characterized in that: size is arranged according to diamond lattic structure at three dimensions at the hollow dielectric ball of micron dimension, the hollow dielectric ball inner diameter d with the ratio of medium ball outer diameter D is: 0.3-0.6, the refractive index n of hollow medium spherical shell>2.73, thus make that the full band gap of photonic crystal is the wideest.
2, the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of the described hollow dielectric ball of claim 1 is characterized in that the d/D=0.4 of the ratio of external diameter in the hollow dielectric ball.
3, the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of the described hollow dielectric ball of claim 1 is characterized in that the diameter of spherical shell and centre frequency position frequency have following relation: D=0.433c Ω c/ ω cWherein D is the spherical shell external diameter, Ω cBe center, forbidden band normalized frequency, ω cBe the full bandgap center frequency of photonic crystal, c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and the unit of frequency is a hertz Hz.
4, the preparation method of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal of hollow dielectric ball formation, it is characterized in that adopting a kind of medium ball as supporting kernel, this support kernel adopts monodispersed silicon dioxide microsphere or polystyrene microsphere, carries out required medium " coating " on the surface of ball then; Remove kernel then, prepare the hollow dielectric ball of size in micron dimension, adopt the nanometer " robot " that is connected with scanning electron microscope to control moving of these balls, for these hollow dielectric balls are arranged in diamond lattic structure, adopt a kind of and the auxiliary ball hollow ball same outer diameter as, as the support of building above-mentioned diamond lattic structure " bridge ", described hollow dielectric ball and described auxiliary ball are from bottom to top arranged from the bottom according to body-centered cubic structure; When actual arrangement, also be in contact with one another between ball and the adjacent ball; Take following mode to carry out " fixing " to the ball that is in the bottom, promptly at first on flat substrate, form the square projection or the pit dot matrix in cycle by means of photoetching, the ball of ground floor is in relative fixed in projection that these photoetching form or the pit dot matrix, when the choosing of auxiliary ball adopted and prepared hollow dielectric ball with the front as the medium ball of the same race that supports kernel, after above-mentioned " fixing " processing, adopt chemical corrosion method or method for calcinating to remove these passive auxiliary balls, just obtain the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by single hollow dielectric ball; Wherein, the ratio of hollow dielectric ball inner diameter d and hollow dielectric ball outer diameter D: 0.3-0.6; The refractive index n of hollow medium spherical shell>2.73, thus make that the full band gap of photonic crystal is the wideest.
5, the preparation method of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that constitutes by the described hollow dielectric ball of claim 4, it is characterized in that: size is at the hollow dielectric ball of micron dimension, adopt monodispersed silicon dioxide microsphere or polystyrene microsphere as removable support kernel, and the method that " coating " method adopts interior caryosphere surface treatment to combine with the material seed growth form certain thickness required deielectric-coating; If what adopt is silicon dioxide microsphere, and the spherical shell material is acidproof, adopt chemical corrosion method to remove kernel; If what adopt is polystyrene microsphere, remove kernel by method for calcinating.
6, the preparation method of the diamond lattic structure photonic crystal that is made of claim 4 or 5 described hollow dielectric balls is characterized in that the inner diameter d of hollow dielectric ball and outer diameter D can change by manual method.
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JP2001074954A (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-23 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Production of three dimensional photonic crystal structure
CN1387589A (en) * 1999-09-07 2002-12-25 秦内蒂克有限公司 Colloidal photonic crystals
WO2001062830A2 (en) * 2000-02-22 2001-08-30 Eugenia Kumacheva Polymer-based nanocomposite materials and methods of production thereof
CN1346895A (en) * 2001-09-26 2002-05-01 复旦大学 Process for preparing high-melting-point photon crystal material

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