CN1311781C - 无线糖尿病管理装置及使用该装置的方法 - Google Patents

无线糖尿病管理装置及使用该装置的方法 Download PDF

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CN1311781C
CN1311781C CNB028032438A CN02803243A CN1311781C CN 1311781 C CN1311781 C CN 1311781C CN B028032438 A CNB028032438 A CN B028032438A CN 02803243 A CN02803243 A CN 02803243A CN 1311781 C CN1311781 C CN 1311781C
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diabetes
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CN1477941A (zh
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P·莫尔曼
D·斯科特
J·麦克阿莱尔
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LifeScan Scotland Ltd
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Inverness Medical Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement

Abstract

一种通过无线电话用于糖尿病患者的先进疾病状态管理。通过与糖尿病患者的血糖计连接的无线电话的无线通信特性，可以访问远程咨询服务。患者可以将他的葡萄糖数据直接发送到咨询中心，并且接收回如何继续治疗的消息。无线技术还可用于警告看管人测量到了低血糖值。然后看管人可以介入以提供可靠帮助。也可利用遥测来测量与规定疾病管理方法的一致性。疾病管理系统也适于针对糖尿病患者的补给品目标市场。

Description

无线糖尿病管理装置及使用该装置的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及用于远程疾病状态管理的装置，具体地说，涉及利用无线报告装置配合自动监控中心来管理糖尿病。
发明背景
糖尿病是一种至今仍不能治愈的严重终生失调。每年有约500000到700000人被诊断为糖尿病，在美国它是主要的导致死亡和丧失劳动力的原因之一。1993年，美国有大约八百万糖尿病确诊案例，并且目前该数字很有可能增长到约一千万确诊案例。该数字只表示被确诊为糖尿病的那些人，估计小于美国实际糖尿病患者人数的一半。
糖尿病对保健系统的影响是令人震惊的。在美国，单在1992年糖尿病的住院治疗、补给品、失业、残废救济金和早死的费用就大于920亿美元。另外，糖尿病相关的长期并发症可以导致严重的财政和人力后果，特别是当管理不善时。据估计，每年糖尿病相关的严重并发症，包括心血管病、肾病、神经性损害、失明、血循环问题(可能导致截肢)、中风、心脏病以及怀孕并发症要花费240亿美元。一些保健组织估计尽管他们的患者中只有3.1％是糖尿病患者，但是糖尿病患者占他们总保健费用的15％以上。
包括国家卫生研究院于1993年主持的糖尿病控制及并发症试验(DCCT)调查研究显示，如果患糖尿病的人们密切监视并控制他们血糖水平，他们将得到显著的健康益处。糖尿病的一致管理，包括饮食、锻炼并积极监控血糖水平，可以降低严重并发症的风险，并可能减少超过一半的某些糖尿病相关病症。
DCCT研究是最大的、最全面的糖尿病研究，它由1441名I型糖尿病志愿者参加并由美国和加拿大的29个医疗中心管理。该研究比较两种治疗方式的效果和结果：标准治疗和加强控制。根据标准治疗方法，糖尿病患者遵循固定胰岛素时间表，它与血糖水平或饮食摄入量无关。加强控制方法要求糖尿病患者主动监控血糖水平和其它疾病影响因素，并根据实际葡萄糖测试结果和饮食摄入量决定胰岛素剂量。DCCT研究显示，除了其它优点之外，根据加强控制方法的主动糖尿病管理可以使眼病降低76％，使肾病降低50％，使神经性损害降低60％。DCCT研究人员推荐的糖尿病管理策略包括个人化护理管理计划的开发和实现，其重点在重病患者的教育。
加强控制治疗方法更贴切地模仿正常的、健康的胰脏的功能，并为遵循这种加强控制治疗方法的糖尿病患者提供显著的医疗益处。因此，由于DCCT试验结果，美国的许多糖尿病团体转向加强控制治疗方法。但对于大部分糖尿病患者，这种新方法真的是一种挑战并难以遵循。加强控制疗法需要综合地决定糖尿病患者以响应多种变体，包括压力、锻炼、饮食摄入量、胰岛素、肾上腺素和其它激素，而不是遵循保健专业人员所规定的直接固定的胰岛素时间表。糖尿病患者必须自己实时决定适当的治疗，以响应变化的变量。在加强控制治疗方式之下，糖尿病患者经常需要测试血糖水平。但是，所带来的疼痛、不适、费用和时间经常使患者不敢进行频繁的测试。另外，许多健康计划提供者没有时间、资源、资金或精力来实现适当的疾病管理计划来帮助糖尿病患者。特别需要帮助糖尿病患者作出治疗决定并鼓励其频繁地测试和监控血糖水平。如果不帮助其作出决定，那么新的加强控制治疗方法可能不能体现其潜在的益处。
此外，新的加强控制疗法需要更紧密地控制血糖水平，本质上这使得更频繁的低血糖情况出现的风险提高。许多糖尿病患者面对的一个非常实际的问题是对陷入低血糖性昏迷或者经历其它糖尿病紧急情况的恐惧和可能性。同样的，对孩子或其他家属陷入糖尿病紧急情况的恐惧是许多家长和糖尿病患者监护人面临的问题。糖尿病紧急情况的可能性使得糖尿病患者和监护人不敢进行主动的、独立的生活方式。一种有助于这些难题的系统对于被激发的糖尿病读者将是有价值的。
发明概述
本发明提供一种监控和帮助患者治疗的系统，它与患者位置无关，包括：监控中心；用于测量所述患者分析物水平的计量仪；以及适于与所述监控中心和所述计量仪通信的通信装置，其中所述通信装置适于将关于所述患者的所述分析物水平的信息发送到所述监控中心。
在优选实施例中，患者是糖尿病患者，而计量仪是血糖计。通信装置可以是无线通信装置或经因特网发送信息的通信装置。
在优选实施例中，无线通信装置可以访问远程咨询中心。用户可以将他的葡萄糖数据直接发送到咨询中心，并从该中心接收对应于该葡萄糖数据的关于适当治疗的反馈。无线装置特性也可用于与看管人(糖尿病儿童的父母、较大的糖尿病患者的校护或邻居)通信和/或告警看管人，在家属监视器上记录低血糖值。看管人接下来可以介入以提供可靠帮助。本发明的遥测技术也适于测量与所规定疾病管理方法的一致性。例如，看管人可以检查儿童是否执行所需葡萄糖测试并检查葡萄糖测试的实际结果。
本发明的通信装置提供与用户位置无关的持续方便的帮助。除了帮助作出综合决定并对葡萄糖读数进行解释外，本发明鼓励糖尿病患者坚持加强治疗计划并显著地改善用户的健康。本发明还提供一种安全装置来应对糖尿病紧急情况。
具体地说，本发明可以通过无线电话或其它手持通信装置向糖尿病患者提供帮助。在各种实施例中，本发明提供的疾病状态管理补给品定购、糖尿病新闻、通过GPS的保健提供者的糖尿病监视和患者位置信息。
下面将结合无线电话来描述本发明，尽管本领域的那些技术人员将承认还可以利用其它类型的个人通信装置。
例如，用户可以利用以下任一种装置来访问本发明提供的管理服务：无线应用协议(WAP)兼容的移动电话、无线连接个人数字助理(PDA)或膝上型电脑或桌面PC。任何兼容装置必须有一个端口(例如RS232、IR、USB、蓝牙或其它外部端口)，用于连接到血糖计的数据连通性。
兼容的WAP兼容移动电话将需要一个迷你浏览器(例如UP 1.2版或更高版本)。优选电话可被配置为利用码分多址(CDMA)在移动网络中工作。或者这种电话可利用GSM在网络中工作。兼容PC将需要无线能力或因特网访问。最好是无线数据传送，尽管数据可以经PC传送到数据库。
上述任何装置可与能够用于血糖计的任何数据端口或接口结合使用。或者，专有的“芯片上”血糖计可以与WAP兼容移动或无线PDA结合使用。任何兼容移动电话或PDA可以利用WAP网关来访问因特网。这将允许应用(即葡萄糖解释、电子邮件、寻呼和其它应用)独立于装置。该系统还可允许“推”能力，它意味着可以发送消息中嵌有活动URL的电子邮件。兼容膝上型电脑或桌面PC可以通过其正常的拨号方法访问因特网。为了确保数据和商业信息的安全性，移动电话或PDA可以利用无线传输层安全性(WTLS)，同时膝上型电脑或桌面PC可以利用传输层安全性(TLS)(也被称为加密套接字层(SSL))。
附图概述
图1是说明根据本发明的一个实施例的无线糖尿病管理系统的框图。
图2是说明在根据另一实施例的无线糖尿病管理系统的组件中数据流的简图。
本发明的前述和其它目的、特性和优点将从以下描述和附图中显而易见。
发明详述
下面将相对于说明性实施例来描述本发明。本领域的那些技术人员将理解，本发明可以在许多不同应用和实施例中实现，其应用并不特别限于本说明书中所描述的特定实施例。
图1描述了一种向糖尿病患者提供帮助的无线糖尿病管理系统，它与糖尿病患者的位置无关。说明性实施例的糖尿病管理系统包括自动糖尿病监控中心(10)，它接收来自与移动无线电话(20)配合工作的远程血糖计的数据。根据本发明的一个方面，血糖计连接到患者的无线电话(20)并将数据传送到该无线电话，然后该无线电话将血糖测量数据和/或其它疾病相关信息传送到疾病监控中心(10)。根据另一方面，葡萄糖测量数据和其它疾病相关信息还可以被传送到看管人(40)的电话或寻呼机，然后该看管人可以为糖尿病患者提供帮助或建议。除了提供糖尿病帮助之外，无线电话(20)可以用于看管人和用户之间的标准语音通信。经无线电话(20)从血糖计收到的数据由自动监控中心(10)进行处理，并且可以按需要传送到咨询中心(30)、提供者(50)和/或零售商(60)。作为响应，咨询中心(30)、提供者(50)和/或零售商(60)可以将数据返回给自动监控中心(10)，然后可以经远程无线电话(20)将该数据传送给患者。如果患者请求有关血糖测量的建议，咨询中心(30)对血糖计经电话(20)提供的数据进行分析，并提供适当的治疗以响应给该计量仪的用户。如果数据显示对生命有威胁的血糖水平或其它严重状况，咨询中心(30)可以联系急救服务机构以帮助患者。监控中心(10)还可以为糖尿病患者提供健康计划和患者培训从而有助于糖尿病的管理。提供者(50)可以利用无线电话(20)向患者提供电话信息，比如电子邮件、天气和股票报价。零售商(60)可以经无线电话(20)向糖尿病患者提供糖尿病产品、信息和广告。
图2说明根据本发明的说明性实施例的糖尿病管理系统的各组件之间的数据流。在所示实施例中，自动监控中心(10)包括数据库(11)，它接收来自无线糖尿病电话(20)的信息并将信息发送给它。无线糖尿病电话(20)发送并接收来自血糖计(20a)的信息，该计量仪测量并记录患者的血糖水平。无线糖尿病电话还用作常规无线电话，并可以包括万维网应用协议(WAP)能力，从而使电话利用WAP浏览器与某些“文字”网站兼容。无线糖尿病电话可以包括一种特性，以在诸如危及生命的患者血糖水平的紧急情况下自动联系急救服务机构，图中示为救护车(140)。自动监控中心(10)可以按需要在无线糖尿病电话(20)和咨询中心(30)、看管人(40)或其他团体(170)之间传送数据。其它团体(170)可以是保健提供者、有管理的护理系统或用户希望联系的其他人。自动监控中心(10)还可以在无线糖尿病电话(20)和零售商店(180)、广告商(190)或包括在自动监控中心(10)中的健康计划(200)之间按需传送数据。自动监控中心(10)还可以由个人计算机(100)通过诸如因特网的数据网络访问。
根据说明性实施例，无线电话(20)利用实时数据流与血糖计(20a)交互作用。无线糖尿病电话(20)可以通过语音通信和/或电子邮件通信与看管人(40)、其它团体(170)、监控中心数据库(11)和咨询中心(30)进行通信。在紧急情况下，无线糖尿病电话(20)可以通过语音通信直接联系急救服务机构(140)。如果需要，咨询中心(30)也可以通过语音通信联系急救服务机构。健康计划(200)可以经语音或电子邮件通信向用户提供培训和其它指导。可以利用电子邮件通信，通过自动监控中心(10)将广告发送到无线糖尿病电话(20)。安全数据传送可被用于在监控中心数据库(11)和咨询中心(30)、零售商店(180)和糖尿病患者或其它团体的个人计算机(110)之间发送信息。
以下将详细描述糖尿病管理系统的特性和组件。
无线糖尿病电话
本发明的说明性实施例的糖尿病管理装置和系统包括血糖计(20a)，它通过连接到允许WAP的数字无线电话(20)获得无线通信。根据说明性实施例，为无线糖尿病电话(20)提供连接电缆以确保与血糖计(20a)的容易连接和断开。根据备选实施例，血糖计包括到电话上数据端口的临时或永久附件。血糖计(20a)可包括芯片上模块，它被配置为直接连接无线糖尿病电话(20)，或者可以在构建在电话机壳的内部。芯片上模块可以包括带式连接器和专用集成电路(ASIC)以用于信号处理。或者，电话可以被配置为直接连接到任何血糖计。血糖计(20a)可包括数据收集、存储和显示能力，以测量和记录糖尿病相关信息，比如葡萄糖数据，测量胰岛素剂量，锻炼、糖尿病饮食摄入量、血压和心率读数。无线糖尿病电话接收存储在血糖计中的葡萄糖、饮食和胰岛素数据，并将数据发送到监控中心数据库(11)。无线糖尿病电话可以收集并非由血糖计提供的额外信息，这些额外信息通过利用电话显示器和键盘直接输入到电话中。例如，在启用过程期间，用户可以指明他用的是哪个计量仪。无线糖尿病电话接下来可以接收用户计量仪的适当解释协议。显示器可以显示诸如时间、日期、葡萄糖测试结果、历史结果、历史值的图形表示等信息。还可定制无线糖尿病电话菜单以显示用户所选的特性。
本发明的无线通信有一个另外的益处：它是双向的。利用无线糖尿病电话(20)发送的消息可以有不同的功能，包括标准语音通信。该系统可能并不限于对疾病相关问题进行通信。组合的电话-计量仪可以用作标准无线电话，以及万维网信息(比如天气、股票报价和电子邮件)的接收器和发送器。
急救服务机构
无线糖尿病电话(20)可以包括报警特性，如果相关血糖计(20a)测量到危险的血糖水平，该特性就被触发。如果葡萄糖读数表示用户需要急救帮助，那么本发明的无线糖尿病电话(20a)上的预拨911“紧急救援”功能可用于召唤急救服务机构(140)。当测量到的血糖水平超过规定范围时，无线糖尿病电话触发报警器并自动召唤向糖尿病患者提供的帮助。另外，当选择“紧急救援”功能时，可以向邻居、父母或其他看管人(40)报警示意用户需要帮助。当不需要来自911服务的帮助时，这些服务可被用于电话求助。然后看管人可以打电话给患者或开始组织帮助来介入。看管人应该有一种能够接收语音或文本文件的装置，以使得警报可以作为寻呼机或电话消息到达看管人。例如，可以向看管人的电话发送自动语音消息，通知看管人用户需要帮助。同时还可以发送预置文字消息。看管人的电话或寻呼号码以及消息的预置文本文件可能在通过网站激活电话期间就已经录入。另外，看管人可以访问中央数据库以检查家属最近的葡萄糖测试结果以在紧急情况下提供进一步帮助。用户可以选择紧急救援选项，其中他们的葡萄糖数据被发送给数据库。然后数据库可以将最近的葡萄糖数据和任何其它信息作为文本文件发送给看管人。接下来看管人将能够联系他的家属和/或登陆到他家属的网站以检查这些数据。如果咨询人员确定患者危险时，咨询中心(30)也可以召唤急救服务机构。
糖尿病专业看管
本发明的说明性实施例的无线糖尿病电话(20)提供一种咨询中心(30)或个人保健提供者所提供的监控服务。每当血糖计(20a)中生成危险趋势或值时，本发明的无线糖尿病电话(20)产生警告并自动发送消息给咨询中心(30)或保健专业人士，详细描述最近的葡萄糖、胰岛素和饮食数据。需要时监控服务允许咨询中心或保健专业人士介入。无线糖尿病电话或血糖计可被程序设计为自动识别危险趋势或值。患者测量数据可以与电话或血糖计中程序设计的参数进行比较，以确定危险情况何时存在。
经GPS的患者位置
根据再一个方面，无线糖尿病电话还可以与GPS(全球定位卫星)系统合作以允许在紧急情况下911服务或其他第三方精确定位糖尿病患者。GPS系统为可能迷失方向或迷路的糖尿病患者提供额外的安全保护，例如如果糖尿病患者变为低血糖。
中央糖尿病监控中心
监控中心数据库(11)控制流入或流出无线糖尿病电话(20)的疾病相关信息。数据库，也就是远程糖尿病监控中心(10)的一部分，注册本发明的疾病状态管理装置和系统的用户，并记录、管理和组织各种单个患者信息(例如葡萄糖读数、报告和患者简档、定购细节和信用卡信息)。数据库还可用于将无线糖尿病电话分配给糖尿病患者。数据库用来在糖尿病患者和提供所述糖尿病服务(远程咨询、在线购物、零售等)的第三方之间传递消息。根据说明性实施例，数据库包括网站、它执行各种功能。开始时网站允许糖尿病患者注册和激活无线糖尿病电话(20)。网站还可用于推进糖尿病服务并且收集重要信息以建立用户的血糖计和他/她的无线电话之间的通信。一旦用户已注册，那么网站记录并存储关于该用户的信息，比如葡萄糖和治疗数据、个人数据、关于该患者保险计划的信息、地址、治疗方法、信用卡信息、保健专业细节等等。一旦信息被录入，该网站还允许用户访问并修改他们的信息。网站的注册用户，比如糖尿病患者、看护人、有管理的护理提供者或保健专业人士，可以登陆到该网站并访问所提供的服务和信息。例如，保健专业人士可以登陆以访问患者数据、监控患者糖尿病管理并向患者提供建议。然后这种建议可以被直接发送到患者的无线电话。
这种网站可以位于主机管理的防火墙之后的专门服务器上。数据库和应用可以位于单独的安全服务器上。当请求信息、访问个人信息或在线定购时，可以将用户从万维网服务器移交给数据库/应用。为了确保最高级的交易安全性，所有通信可通过虚拟个人网络(VPN)连接。另外，网站可以用基于SDS ID令牌的授权系统保证安全。
网站可以由HTML用户接口构成，并且该站点在Coldfusion(CFML)程序设计环境中构造。使用Coldfusion程序设计环境将允许访问数据库、实现可伸缩性以及在应用服务器中使用COBRA。应用服务器可以包括数据解释和相关计划，以及Cybercash应用(一种商业交易处理程序)。Oracle数据库可以在应用服务器上分区。
糖尿病咨询
咨询中心(30)可以为无线糖尿病电话的用户提供一星期7天，每天24小时的持续糖尿病建议，这与患者的位置无关。咨询中心(30)包括若干中心构成的网络，这些中心的工作人员是受专门训练的并有能力解释糖尿病数据并建议患者如何处理他们的疾病和胰岛素剂量的糖尿病教育工作者。如果用户需要有关糖尿病相关事务的帮助，他可以通过无线糖尿病电话(20)访问糖尿病咨询中心。用户可以经无线糖尿病电话(20)将葡萄糖和其它糖尿病信息发送到咨询中心(30)，其中经专门训练的咨询人员可以经电话获得血糖计的最近葡萄糖结果，并且如果有的话，获得胰岛素和饮食摄入量以及用户的问题。咨询人员可以计算适当的相应治疗，以及帮助用户解释他的数据并作出关于他的治疗的正确决定，即胰岛素剂量或葡萄糖摄入量。患者可以在咨询中心(30)提供的两种帮助模式之间选择。然后可以提示用户发送数据。
第一模式，自动数据解释，包括发送到患者的无线糖尿病电话(20)的文字消息。当利用咨询服务的第一模式时，血糖计必须与电话进行通信，以使得电话可以发送电子邮件到数据库，数据库又确定用户的计量仪的正确检索软件包。这种软件包可以被发送给用户的电话并用于访问血糖计的数据。接下来可将这些数据发送到数据库，并且可将修改后的用户葡萄糖结果记录以及电话用户选择的问题发送到咨询人员。然后自动数据解释可以利用适当软件来分析这些数据，并且帮助可以发布在用户的网站上或作为电子邮件消息发送给用户的电话。
根据第二模式，语音咨询，咨询人员审阅数据，然后呼叫患者并提供交互式的语言帮助。利用专用软件的自动数据解释可以用作一种筛选方式以确定何时患者需要即时咨询人员插手。在明显的紧急情况下，咨询人员可以决定打电话给911调度中心。
作为发送数据到咨询中心的备选，患者可以将数据发送给保健专业人士，以允许他/她的医生完全控制他/她的治疗。
糖尿病监督
查阅数据库允许看管人或保健专业人士检查葡萄糖结果并核实患者测试的频率。查阅可以在看管人(40)或保健专业人士的要求下发生，其中他可以利用计算机来观看存储在数据库(11)中的患者记录。例如，这种特性可用于希望在夏令营时监控儿童管理活动的父母。
根据一个实施例，保健专业人士或受管理的护理提供者可以监督患者的测试模式和测试结果，并奖励患者频繁测试和/或在预定时段内将血糖水平保持在规定范围内。
糖尿病新闻
根据另一方面，本发明的糖尿病管理系统还通过无线糖尿病电话向用户提供糖尿病新闻服务。该服务提供最近糖尿病新闻以使用户不断获悉与疾病相关的发展和风险的信息。
电话形式的补给品定购
根据本发明的另一方面，无线糖尿病电话(20)可用于糖尿病产品的方便定购和糖尿病产品的第三方记帐。在无线糖尿病电话(20)的报名过程期间，患者可以录入他或她经常为他或她的糖尿病购买的产品。无线糖尿病电话(20)可包括显示屏上的“电话定购”菜单，它列出了这些产品。如可以在图2中看到的，在从电话屏上选择他或她想要购买的物品之后，可以将无线订单发送到诸如MobileDiabetesTM的中央监控中心(10)，它接下来将该订单作为保密数据传送到零售连锁店(180)或用户指定的供应商以执行。零售商(180)可以将定购接收确认发回数据库，该数据库可以将确认电子邮件发送回用户的无线糖尿病电话(20)。记帐和运输信息可以存储在监控中心(10)的数据库中，这将便利定购过程。另外，数据库可以包含患者和保险信息，这将允许电话定购的自动和直接第三方记帐。
零售商
本发明的无线糖尿病电话(20)和管理系统为零售商(60)提供独一无二的广告机会，因为本质上可能针对经无线糖尿病电话(20)发送的消息。例如，来自医疗设备供应商的商业消息可以被发送到电话的用户，它们包括一个非常特殊的主动测量糖尿病患者的群体。中央数据库(11)记录有关购买血糖计(20a)的商店和/或连锁店的信息，并能够使商店和连锁店特定消息针对这些糖尿病患者。对于血糖计公司或其它糖尿病供应商来说，数据库汇编的使用和统计数据对于指导他们面向具体人群的市场和销售活动可以是非常有价值的。针对某一年龄和性别的糖尿病患者的目标广告、在某连锁店购物、每天至少测试某个次数，对于糖尿病市场中的所有供应商是非常有价值的。例如，消息“这个星期商店品牌注射器下降30％”可能容易地发送给有本发明的无线糖尿病电话(20)的所有商店或连锁店顾客。有针对的广告提供实时到达客户的直接、定制广告消息。消息可以被定制为用户的简档信息，并且可以通过电子邮件提供给用户，或合并到从数据库发送给用户的任何消息中。例如，消息可以附在咨询中心或电话定购服务发送的消息上。然后确认已经打开或阅读广告消息的消息可以被发送回监控中心(10)。作为这种服务的例示，有针对的广告可用于奖励特定品牌的用户一个折扣或用于促销无线糖尿病电话的用户最经常使用的品牌的新产品。或者，有针对的广告消息可被发送给竞争对手的产品的用户，以将这些用户转为特定品牌的产品。
健康计划
除了充当从血糖计(20a)到数据库(11)的数据收集系统之外，无线糖尿病电话(20)可以充当糖尿病患者的一种通信、激励和提醒工具。无线糖尿病电话(20)可用于为患者提供培训和激励或依从计划(200)，来鼓励患者更精密地管理他们的糖尿病。监控中心(10)根据个人培训提供健康改善计划(200)以改善利用无线糖尿病电话(20)的糖尿病患者的糖尿病管理。例如，健康计划可以为用户提供膳食或锻炼相关建议、信息、提醒和激励。健康计划可以是基于电子邮件的程序，其中来自数据库的自动回复可被发送给用户以提供表示数据已被数据库接收的及时反馈。为了将电话的程序设计升级为更加先进的数据收集系统，可以从网站下载软件。
除了别的特性之外，无线糖尿病电话(20)和血糖计(20a)提供的特性可以是一种提醒功能以警告患者或看管人需要测量或服药。无线糖尿病电话(20)还可以提供其它的糖尿病相关消息和提醒。例如，如果数据库信息或保险公司发现从患者最后一次眼部检查到现在已经过去了一年，那么无线糖尿病电话(20)可用于发送提醒到糖尿病患者以进行一个眼部检查，这是对糖尿病患者特别重要的问题。电话也可用于提供消息给用户以鼓励他们检查网站的升级或个人化消息。
无线糖尿病电话和/或血糖计存储糖尿病患者所做的测量，直到这些测量被发送到远程计算机，被用户清除或被自动监控中心(10)的操作员远程清除。无线糖尿病电话可以在预定时间或当被患者或糖尿病管理系统的其他用户轮询时将信息发送到远程计算机。自动监控中心(10)可以通过电子邮件或语音通信在预定时间或测量超出预定范围从而表示一个潜在问题时开始与患者联系。自动监控中心(10)直接轮询无线糖尿病电话(20)每隔一定间隔进行测量或当在预定时间之前没有从患者接收数据时进行测量。根据本发明的一种实践，当没有及时接收测量且不能联系到患者时，自动监控中心(10)开始紧急处理。中央数据库(10)还可以用于向患者的保险公司报告他们的进展。
本发明的糖尿病管理系统和糖尿病无线电话为糖尿病患者提供显著的益处和优点。只要需要，也就是当问题来临时，本发明为糖尿病患者提供到专业咨询和帮助的持续访问。可以用经济上合理的费用来提供这种帮助，并与患者的位置无关。通过利用无线糖尿病电话，糖尿病患者可以快速地，自动地且精确地将来自血糖计的数据发送到专业咨询人员。这种电话提高了患者的灵活性、自我胜任感以及独立性，同时帮助患者改善对糖尿病症状的控制。本发明通过减少与糖尿病相关的短期并发症(例如低血糖和高血糖)和长期并发症来提升良好健康状态和生命质量。本发明还通过教育和灌能便利护理的连续性，减少关于糖尿病症状的焦虑，解决关于胰岛素剂量决定的不确定性，并推进独立的生活方式。通过实现本发明的系统，减少糖尿病相关的住院治疗、急诊室使用和短期与长期并发症的相关费用。另外，本发明便利了疾病的整体管理，包括使用补给品。
另外，在胰岛素市场中，改变胰岛素的疗法、品牌和产品有一定的阻力。对于医生和糖尿病患者来说，使这种改变容易的一种方法是在过渡阶段向患者提供咨询和监控。本发明为胰岛素制造商提供一种极好的解决方法以支持他们新的胰岛素产品的发布。
本发明的技术还可以应用于妊娠领域，其中早期风险识别以及目标患者的教育和支持已经证明减少了产前和母体并发症(例如早产、出生体重低和剖腹产)的影响范围以及母亲护理的全部费用。本发明可用于在妊娠的全过程中和生产之后，通过全面的基于电话的母亲教育、监控和咨询来支持母亲护理的医生和健康计划目标。利用本发明可以有助于减少早产和剖腹产的影响范围，减少出生体重低的婴儿和新生加强护理许可的数量，并且改善医生和保健成员的满意度。
这些例示是说明性的而非限制性的。已利用例示描述本发明，说明性实施例的修改和变型对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的，并不背离本发明的范围。上述实施例的特性和特征可以组合使用。优选实施例仅仅是说明性的，并不应该被认为以任何方式进行限制。本发明的范围将通过所附权利要求书来量度，而不通过以上描述，并且权利要求书范围内的所有变型和等效物意图包含于其中。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于监控和帮助患者治疗的系统，它与所述患者的位置无关，所述系统包括：
监控中心；
用于测量所述患者分析物水平的计量仪；以及
通信装置，适于与所述监控中心和所述计量仪进行通信，其中所述通信装置适于将与所述患者的所述分析物水平相关的信息发送给所述监控中心，
其中，所述通信装置适合于将其中存储的参数与所述患者分析物水平进行比较以识别危险趋势或值。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述患者是糖尿病患者，所述分析物是葡萄糖，并且所述计量仪是血糖计。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于所述通信装置是无线通信装置。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于所述通信装置经因特网发送信息。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于所述监控中心将与分析物水平相关的所述信息存储在数据库中。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于所述监控中心将关于所述患者的患者相关信息存储在所述数据库中。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于所述监控中心将关于所述糖尿病患者的糖尿病相关信息存储在所述数据库中。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于还包括看管人通信装置，以允许所述患者的看管人访问所述数据库。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于在紧急情况下，所述监控中心利用所述看管人通信装置通知所述看管人。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于还包括：
咨询中心，用于利用所述通信装置为所述患者提供帮助。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于如果所述计量仪读到危险的分析物水平，则所述咨询中心通知急救服务机构。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于还包括健康计划，其中利用所述通信装置将所述计划从所述监控中心发送到所述患者。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于还包括零售商店，其中所述监控中心将来自所述零售商店的广告消息发送到所述患者。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于还包括零售商店，其中所述监控中心将来自所述零售商店的关于产品的信息发送到所述患者。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于如果关于分析物水平的信息显示患者的危险状况，则所述通信装置自动联系急救服务机构。
16.一种装置，能够接收和发送患者的分析物水平测量，它包括：
通信装置，被配置为从计量仪接收所述患者的所述分析物水平并且将所述患者的所述分析物水平发送到远程监控中心，
其中，所述通信装置适合于将其中存储的参数与所述患者分析物水平进行比较以识别危险趋势或值。
17.如权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于所述患者是糖尿病患者，所述分析物是葡萄糖而所述计量仪是血糖计。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的装置，其特征在于所述通信装置是无线通信装置。
19.如权利要求16到17中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于所述通信装置包括报警器，用于在所述分析物水平超出预定范围时通知急救服务机构。
20.如权利要求16到17中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于所述通信装置包括存储器，用于存储所述患者的分析物水平测量。
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