CN1322375C - 使用倒置晶片投射光学接口的浸渍光刻系统及方法 - Google Patents

使用倒置晶片投射光学接口的浸渍光刻系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN1322375C
CN1322375C CNB2004100600628A CN200410060062A CN1322375C CN 1322375 C CN1322375 C CN 1322375C CN B2004100600628 A CNB2004100600628 A CN B2004100600628A CN 200410060062 A CN200410060062 A CN 200410060062A CN 1322375 C CN1322375 C CN 1322375C
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哈瑞·休厄尔
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70216Mask projection systems
    • G03F7/70341Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70216Mask projection systems
    • G03F7/70233Optical aspects of catoptric systems, i.e. comprising only reflective elements, e.g. extreme ultraviolet [EUV] projection systems

Abstract

一种液体浸渍光刻系统,其包含一曝光系统,该曝光系统系以电磁辐射曝光一基底、且还包含一聚集电磁辐射于基底上的投射光学系统。一种液体供应系统提供液体于投射光学系统与基底之间。投射光学系统被置于基底底下。

Description

使用倒置晶片投射光学接口 的浸渍光刻系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及液体浸渍光刻,更明确地,涉及用以局限液体流于一浸渍光刻系统中的方法及系统。
背景技术
使用透镜系统及回照(catadioptric)系统的光学光刻被广泛地使用于供电路图案印刷的半导体制造工业。至今,介于一最终透镜组件与一半导体晶片表面之间的间隙系以气体(通常为空气或氮气)填充。此气体间隙适当地作用,特别在当晶片于曝光期间被扫瞄于光学系统之下且于影像转移期间有介于晶片与透镜系统之间的相对移动时。
光学光刻的实际限制假设其成像发生所经历的媒体为空气。此实际限制系由方程式 Λ = λ 4 · n · NA , 其中λ为入射光的波长,NA为投射光学系统的数值孔径,而n为媒体的折射指数(其中由于使用离轴(offaxis)照射,4被使用以取代2)。介于最终透镜组件与晶片表面之间的气体接口限制了光学系统的最大分辨率至<1.0的数值孔径。假如介于最终透镜组件与晶片表面之间的气体空间可被填充以一折射材料,诸如油或水,则系统的数值孔径(及因此其分辨能力)可被显著地增加,相应于折射指数n。
因此,藉由引入液体于投射光学系统的一最终透镜组件与一被成像的晶片之间,则折射指数会改变,因而以光源的一较低的有效波长达成增进的分辨率。浸渍光刻有效地降低157nm光源至115nm波长(例如,于n=1.365),其达成关键层的印刷,以其今日工业上惯用的相同的光刻工具。
类似地,浸渍光刻可将193nm光刻向下推至,例如,145nm(对于n=1.33)。435nm、405nm、365nm、248nm、193nm及157nm工具均可被使用以有效地达成较佳分辨率并“延伸”可使用波长。同时,可避免大量的CaF2、硬薄膜、氮气清除,等等。同时,焦点的深度可藉由液体浸渍的使用而被增加,其在(例如)LCD面板制造时可能为有用的。
然而,尽管浸渍光刻极看好,但仍存有数个问题,其至今已排除了浸渍光刻系统的商用化。现存浸渍光刻系统的一个问题涉及局限其被用于投射光学系统与待曝光晶片间的接口中的液体的困难度。于常规系统中,液体被注入于投射光学系统与晶片之间。已提议了相当复杂的系统以维持液体的局限。
存在有另一问题,其中晶片的扫瞄移动使得其晶片被移开自曝光区域,其导致液体的溅出。由于液体的固有的粘稠性,此溅出亦为一问题,即使当晶片存在于投射光学系统之下时。
因此,需要一种用以局限液体于投射光学系统与晶片之间的简单系统及方法。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种使用倒置晶片投射光学接口的浸渍光刻系统及方法,其实质上排除了相关技术之一或更多问题及缺点。
提供一种液体浸渍光刻系统,其包含一曝光系统,该曝光系统系以电磁辐射曝光一基底;且还包含一聚集电磁辐射于基底上的投射光学系统。一种液体供应系统提供液体于投射光学系统与基底之间。投射光学系统被置于基底底下。
于另一方面,提供一种液体浸渍光刻系统,其包含一曝光系统,该曝光系统以电磁辐射曝光一基底;且还包含一聚集电磁辐射于基底上的投射光学系统。一种用以提供液体的机构介于投射光学系统与基底之间。投射光学系统被置于基底底下。一凹凸面被形成于投射光学系统与晶片之间。
于另一方面,提供一种曝光一基底的方法,其包含将一投射光学系统置于基底底下、使用一投射光学系统以投射电磁辐射至基底上、及传送液体于投射光学系统与基底之间。
本发明要求保护一种液体漫渍光刻系统,其包含:
一曝光系统,其包含一投射光学系统;及
一液体供应系统,其提供液体于投射光学系统与基底之间,
其中投射光学系统被置于基底底下。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中曝光系统以电磁辐射曝光基底,并且投影光学系统将电磁辐射聚集于基底上。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统得以形成一液体凹凸面于投射光学系统之上。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统得以形成一喷泉头于投射光学系统之上。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中投射光学系统包含一外壳,具有被设置为捕取偏离液体的至少一个接取盆。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中投射光学系统包含:一外壳,其中安装有多个透镜,该外壳包含一介于多个透镜的一最高透镜与外壳的顶部之间的压力区;一开口,其位于外壳的顶部中;及一液体封盖,其介于多个透镜的最高透镜与压力区之间。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中介于基底与外壳顶部之间的距离约为50-150微米。
根据本发明的上述液体漫渍光刻系统,其中介于基底与外壳顶部之间的距离介于50微米与500微米之间。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中外壳的顶部具有一疏水表面。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统仅于需要湿式曝光时选择性地提供液体。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为193纳米。
根据本发明的上述液体漫渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为157纳米。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为435纳米。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为405纳米。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为365纳米。
根据本发明的上述液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为248纳米。
本发明要求保护一种朝上定向的投射光学系统,其包含:
一外壳,其包含一疏水上部分并具有一形成于疏水上部分中的开口;
一接取盆,其围绕外壳的周边;
多个透镜,其得以朝上曝光一基底;及
一液体封盖,其围绕投射光学系统之一最终透镜元件。
本发明要求保护一种曝光一基底的方法,其包含:
将一投射光学系统置于基底底下;
使用一投射光学系统以投射电磁辐射至基底上;及
传送液体于投射光学系统与基底之间。
根据本发明的上述方法,进一步包含使用至少一个接取盆以从基底移除过量液体。
根据本发明的上述方法,进一步包含形成一液体凹凸面于投射光学系统与基底之间。
根据本发明的上述方法,进一步包含提供压力至液体以维持凹凸面。
本发明的额外的特征及优点将被提出于以下说明中。本领域技术人员将根据此处所提出的说明而明白其进一步的特征及优点,或者可藉由本发明的实施而得知。本发明的优点将藉由特别于说明书及其申请专利范围连同后附图形所指出的结构而被实现或达成。
应了解之前的一般性叙述及以下的详细叙述为示范性及说明性,在权利要求书中将提出本发明的进一步解释。
附图说明
后附图形(其被含入以提供本发明的示范实施例的进一步了解且被并入而构成此说明书的一部分)说明本发明的实施例,且配合其叙述以解释本发明的原理。于图形中:
图1显示依据本发明的一实施例的一种液体浸渍光刻系统的横断面视图。
图2显示图1的系统的立体图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参照本发明的实施例,其范例被说明于后附图形中。
本发明容许一空间于一投射光学系统的最终透镜组件与一晶片表面之间,以利液体填充。其容许光学系统的有效数值孔径的显著增加。使用对于液体及重力的压力控制的组合,液体的量被含入并固持于定位。相较于目前使用的常规系统,投射光学系统(曝光系统)被倒置。换言之,常规系统是曝光朝下或至侧边,而本发明的投射光学系统是曝光朝上。晶片被曝光以其抗蚀剂涂敷的表面朝下,而抗蚀剂接触于一液体凹凸面。于晶片扫瞄期间,凹凸面横越晶片的抗蚀剂涂敷表面。
本发明容许间隙填充液体被保持于定位,即使于晶片的边缘通过光学系统时。投射光学系统(与液体)的外壳可被扫瞄出晶片的边缘且再扫瞄至晶片上,而维持液体接口。于外壳周围的接取盆接取并容纳任何置换的液体。液体凹凸面由液体压力所控制。此接口因而轻易地兼容与许多型式的液体。
图1说明依据本发明的一种液体浸渍光刻系统的一实施例。如图1中所示,一投射光学系统100被置于一晶片101底下。晶片101包含抗蚀剂涂敷的晶片表面106。投射光学系统100包含多个透镜组件102A、102B。外壳103的顶部包含一开口110以供投射一影像至晶片101上。外壳103的顶部被显示为图1中的水平线,虽然其不一定为如此。
介于外壳103的顶部与透镜102A之间的区(于图1中标示为107)被压力控制,且藉由一液体封盖104而被密封自剩余的投射光学系统100。区107被填充以一种液体,通常处于来自一液体源(未显示于图1中)的压力下以平衡重力。于曝光期间,液体形成一凹凸面108,如图1中所示。接取盆105被用以移除任何偏离的液体,其可能在沿着一扫瞄轴扫瞄晶片101时发生。应理解可使用较多或较少的接取盆(相较于图1中所示者)。接取盆105也可以是围绕外壳103的环状的。
注意于本发明中,容许重力来执行局限液体的工作。凹凸面108基本上由重力所控制,于晶片101被扫瞄时。再者,当晶片101移动超过投射光学系统100时,液体将会轻易地溅出晶片101的边缘,不同于常规的浸渍光刻系统。
一液体封闭环系统(即,接取盆105)被安装至光刻系统透镜之末端。如上所述,投射光学系统100曝光影像朝上至晶片101(亦即,晶片表面106)的底侧上。晶片101被涂敷抗蚀剂,且待被成像的晶片表面106为较低表面。外壳103的顶部提供一介于最终透镜组件102A与晶片101的晶片表面106间的液体接口,其投射光学系统100聚焦于该液体接口上。外壳103的顶部中的开口110容许来自投射光学系统100的光束被成像于晶片表面106上。其亦容许液体与晶片表面106之间的紧密接触。重要的是确保其封闭区107保持充满液体,尽管外壳103的顶部被开通至晶片表面106,且尽管晶片101可能以不受限制的方式移动于投射光学系统100之上。液体通过其加诸于液体上的压力的控制而被固持于定位,透过一循环系统(亦即,一种液体供应系统,未显示于图形中)。压力被控制以平衡重力并保持其横越开口110的凹凸面(meniscus)108,当晶片101不存在时。当晶片101被滑动于投射光学系统100之上时,压力被增加以容许液体“推开”孔隙并接触晶片表面106。当液体接口由于晶片101相对于投射光学系统100的移动而滑动于晶片101的边缘上方时,液体上的压力被调整以将液体从晶片表面106“拉回”进入区107。
接近开口110的外壳103的顶部(如图1中所示)可被特殊地形成及表面加工以控制接口液体的形状及性质。例如,外壳103的顶部的表面可被制为疏水的(hydrophobic)。围绕外壳103的顶部的接取盆105抑制其溢流或泄漏自外壳103的顶部的液体。此液体可被过滤、温控及再循环回入区107。
晶片表面106及外壳103的顶部的调适可进一步增进性能。于液体为水的情况下,表面可被制为疏水的。介于晶片表面106与外壳103顶部之间的间隙(距离)系藉由晶片曝光的动力学而被最佳化。虽然本系统被设计以利晶片动态曝光于一扫瞄系统中,但其也可被使用于步进-及-扫瞄型曝光系统。
于典型的干式曝光系统中,介于透镜102A与晶片101之间的间隙为3-4毫米的等级。于本发明中,介于外壳103与晶片101之间的间隙可被制成低如50微米,虽然较大或较小的尺寸(例如,高达0.5毫米的介于外壳103与晶片101间的间隙)也可被使用(额定地,100微米被预期是于典型的范围内,虽然50-150微米、40-200微米、或甚至高达1毫米、以及甚至于某些情况下大于1毫米也为可能的)。应注意水为193nm光刻的较佳液体,其于193纳米为相对无损的。对于157纳米光刻,液体内的损失为一关心条件,其倾向于需要介于透镜102A与晶片101之间的较小间隙。换言之,透镜102A将移动更接近于晶片101(降至约1毫米附近)。于157纳米光刻的情况下,介于外壳103与晶片101之间的间隙可降至50微米或更小。
亦应理解,于本发明中,于晶片101的曝光需要一种干式曝光的情况下,液体可被完全地移除。对于干式曝光,光学系统需被适当地调整(例如,焦点、球面像差、数值孔径的减小,等等)。
如上所述,对于193纳米成像,液体最好是水(例如,去离子化水),虽然可使用其它的液体,例如,环-辛烷、Krytox(Foemblin油)及全氟聚醚流体。
图2说明图1的液体浸渍光刻系统的立体图。于图2中,与图1相同的组件被同样地标示。(注意于此仿真图形中,晶片101呈现为透明的。)
将投射光学系统100置于晶片101底下(而非于其上)容许利用重力以形成一凹凸面108以致其液体的局限被实质上简化了。如此去除了复杂局限系统、相当繁复的液体循环及泵浦机构等等的需求。其亦可观地简化了任何偏离液体(其可使用接取盆105而被简单地捕取)的效应。
另一方面,也可以具有“喷泉头(fountainhead)”效应,其中液体被排除自外壳103而朝向晶片101,其达成类似于凹凸面的效果,并接着流入接取盆以利再循环。
本发明获致对于液体浸渍光刻系统的数项优点。液体的局限被简化。溅出被减少或完全消除。此系统可被使用为一湿式曝光系统(具有液体)、以及一干式曝光系统(无液体,具有光学系统调整),如所需。所有这些优点容许现存光刻工具及类似波长的使用以界定更小的特征于一半导体表面上。
结论
虽然本发明的各个实施例被描述于上,应了解其系以范例方式呈现,而非限制。本领域技术人员将明白其形式上及细节上的各种改变均可被执行于此而不背离本发明的精神及范围。
藉助于其说明特定功能的性能的功能性建构方块及方法步骤和其关系而描述了本发明。这些功能性建构方块及方法步骤的边界已被任意地界定于此以便于描述。替代的边界也可被界定,只要其特定的功能及关系被适当地执行。同时,方法步骤的顺序可被重新安排。任何此等替代边界因而落入本发明的范围及精神内。本领域技术人员将了解这些功能性建构方块可被实施以分离的组件、特别应用的集成电路、执行适当软件等的处理器或任何其组合。因此,本发明的广泛性及范围不应由任何上述示范性实施例所限制,而应仅被界定相应于后附申请专利范围及其同等物。

Claims (21)

1.一种液体浸渍光刻系统,其包含:
一曝光系统,其包含一投射光学系统;及
一液体供应系统,其提供液体于投射光学系统与基底之间,
其中投射光学系统被置于基底底下。
2.根据权利要求1的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中曝光系统以电磁辐射曝光基底,并且投影光学系统将电磁辐射聚集于基底上。
3.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统得以形成一液体凹凸面于投射光学系统之上。
4.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统得以形成一喷泉头于投射光学系统之上。
5.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中投射光学系统包含一外壳,具有被设置为捕取偏离液体的至少一个接取盆。
6.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中投射光学系统包含:
一外壳,其中安装有多个透镜,该外壳包含一介于多个透镜的一最高透镜与外壳的顶部之间的压力区;
一开口,其位于外壳的顶部中;及
一液体封盖,其介于多个透镜的最高透镜与压力区之间。
7.根据权利要求6的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中介于基底与外壳顶部之间的距离约为50-150微米。
8.根据权利要求6的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中介于基底与外壳顶部之间的距离介于50微米与500微米之间。
9.根据权利要求6的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中外壳的顶部具有一疏水表面。
10.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中液体供应系统仅于需要湿式曝光时选择性地提供液体。
11.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为193纳米。
12.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为157纳米。
13.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为435纳米。
14.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为405纳米。
15.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为365纳米。
16.根据权利要求2的液体浸渍光刻系统,其中电磁辐射为248纳米。
17.一种朝上定向的投射光学系统,其包含:
一外壳,其包含一疏水上部分并具有一形成于疏水上部分中的开口;
一接取盆,其围绕外壳的周边;
多个透镜,其得以朝上曝光一基底;及
一液体封盖,其围绕投射光学系统之一最终透镜元件。
18.一种曝光一基底的方法,其包含:
将一投射光学系统置于基底底下;
使用一投射光学系统以投射电磁辐射至基底上;及
传送液体于投射光学系统与基底之间。
19.根据权利要求18的方法,进一步包含使用至少一个接取盆以从基底移除过量液体。
20.根据权利要求18的方法,进一步包含形成一液体凹凸面于投射光学系统与基底之间。
21.根据权利要求18的方法,进一步包含提供压力至液体以维持凹凸面。
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US7898643B2 (en) 2011-03-01
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