Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly any parts need be installed, asynchronous motor is not done under the situation of any change, measure the device of asynchronous motor speed simply, apace in the asynchronous motor inside and outside.
In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is: a kind of device of measuring asynchronous motor speed, it is by choking coil RF
U, choking coil RF
V, choking coil RF
W, oscillator OSC, transformer B
1, transformer B
2, capacitor C
1, capacitor C
2, capacitor C
3, capacitor C
4, resistance R
1, potentiometer R
2, resistance R
3, resistance R
4, resistance R
5, resistance R
6, transistor T
1, transistor T
2Form with tachometer gage ZS; Transformer B
1By former limit winding L
11, symmetry pay the limit winding L
12And L
13And pair limit winding L
14Form; Transformer B
2By former limit winding L
21, symmetry pay the limit winding L
22And L
23Form; Choking coil RF
UThe U phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
1An end after form U phase output terminal U
1, choking coil RF
VThe V phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
3An end after form V phase output terminal V
1, choking coil RF
WThe W phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
2An end after form W phase output terminal W
1U phase output terminal U
1, V phase output terminal V
1With W phase output terminal W
1Meet three connection terminal A, B and the C of tested asynchronous motor respectively; Capacitor C
1Another termination winding L
12An end, capacitor C
2Another termination winding L
13An end, winding L
12The other end and winding L
13The other end join and form mid point O
1Connect winding L
21An end, winding L
21Another termination capacitor C
3The other end; Winding L
11Two output terminals 1,2 of two termination oscillator OSC, two power end R, the N of oscillator OSC connect civil power; Winding L
22And winding L
23The node of series connection connects common port E, winding L
22Other end connecting resistance R
3An end and transistor T
2Collector, winding L
23Other end connecting resistance R
1An end and transistor T
1Collector, resistance R
1Another termination potentiometer R
2Stiff end and transistor T
1Base stage, resistance R
3Another termination potentiometer R
2Another stiff end and transistor T
2Base stage, potentiometer R
2Sliding end connecting resistance R
4An end, resistance R
4Another termination winding L
14An end, winding L
14Another termination transistor T
1Emitter, transistor T
2Emitter, resistance R
5And resistance R
6, resistance R
5Another termination capacitor C
4With the end of tachometer gage ZS, resistance R
6Another termination capacitor C
4The other end after connect the other end that common port E meets tachometer gage ZS again.
Because this device only is connected on the actual speed that just can measure asynchronous motor between three input power cords and the asynchronous motor, therefore, this device has changed the method for conventional measurement asynchronous motor speed, can be simply, convenient, the rotating speed of monitoring asynchronous motor reliably at any time.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of measuring asynchronous motor speed, it is by choking coil RF
U, choking coil RF
V, choking coil RF
W, oscillator OSC, transformer B
1, transformer B
2, capacitor C
1, capacitor C
2, capacitor C
3, capacitor C
4, resistance R
1, potentiometer R
2, resistance R
3, resistance R
4, resistance R
5, resistance R
6, transistor T
1, transistor T
2Form with tachometer gage ZS; Transformer B
1By former limit winding L
11, symmetry pay the limit winding L
12And L
13And pair limit winding L
14Form; Transformer B
2By former limit winding L
21, symmetry pay the limit winding L
22And L
23Form; Choking coil RF
UThe U phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
1An end after form U phase output terminal U
1, choking coil RF
vThe V phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
3An end after form V phase output terminal V
1, choking coil RF
WThe W phase input end of a termination three-phase alternating-current supply, another termination capacitor C
2An end after form W phase output terminal W
1U phase output terminal U
1, V phase output terminal V
1With W phase output terminal W
1Meet three connection terminal A, B and the C of tested asynchronous motor respectively; Capacitor C
1Another termination winding L
12An end, capacitor C
2Another termination winding L
13An end, winding L
12The other end and winding L
13The other end join and form mid point O
1Connect winding L
21An end, winding L
21Another termination capacitor C
3The other end; Winding L
11Two output terminals 1,2 of two termination oscillator OSC, two power end R, the N of oscillator OSC connect civil power; Winding L
22And winding L
23The node of series connection connects common port E, winding L
22Other end connecting resistance R
3An end and transistor T
2Collector, winding L
23Other end connecting resistance R
1An end and transistor T
1Collector, resistance R
1Another termination potentiometer R
2Stiff end and transistor T
1Base stage, resistance R
3Another termination potentiometer R
2Another stiff end and transistor T
2Base stage, potentiometer R
2Sliding end connecting resistance R
4An end, resistance R
4Another termination winding L
14An end, winding L
14Another termination transistor T
1Emitter, transistor T
2Emitter, resistance R
5And resistance R
6, resistance R
5Another termination capacitor C
4With the end of tachometer gage ZS, resistance R
6Another termination capacitor C
4The other end after connect the other end that common port E meets tachometer gage ZS again.
Principle of the present invention is as follows: (see figure 1)
As everyone knows, three of threephase asynchronous winding L
AO, L
BO, L
COBe mutually 120 ° of electrical angles in the space, if winding L
AO, L
COPass to single-phase alternating current, because of winding L
AO, L
COSynthetic space magnetic field and winding L
BOVertically, can be in winding L
BOIn induce electromotive force.Yet, when the conductor of rotor is subjected to winding L because of the rotor rotation
AO, L
COWhen cut the resultant magnetic field, magnetic flux and winding L that this cutting current forms
AO, L
COSynthetic space magnetic flux is vertical, just in time is coupled to winding L
BOSo, in winding L
BOOn induce and the corresponding electromotive force that tests the speed of motor speed size, this is exactly the principle of indusction tachometer generator in itself.
Yet the asynchronous motor that is studied is the asynchronous motor that passes to normal three-phase alternating current, rather than tachometer.Main points of the present invention are to allow this asynchronous motor feedback with lower frequency f
1Three-phase alternating current make motor operation and use, present simultaneously with the higher f of frequency
2Single-phase alternating current make tachometer and use, both on circuit dexterously not only in conjunction with but also irrelevant disturbing, thereby reach the purpose that tests the speed.This just a kind of carrier frequency mode is measured the method for the dynamic rotating speed of asynchronous motor.It is real-time, does not sample, and therefore can be applicable to various occasions.
I, II, III three parts (as dotted line among Fig. 1) of basic composition is of the present invention, part i is three identical choking coil RF
U, RF
V, RF
W, being placed between three-phase drive power lead U, V, W and motor wiring terminal A, B, the C, the impedance of choking coil is to the driving power frequency f
1Impedance little, make the voltage landing of supplying with motor M very little; Yet carrier frequency f to oscillator OSC feed-in
2Very big impedance is arranged, because carrier frequency f
2Use supply frequency f than driving
1Height is a lot, and is for example high 10~100 times, like this carrier frequency f
2Electric current isolated, almost can not enter U, V, W mains side.
Part ii is carrier frequency power supply and output transformer, and it is f that an oscillator OSC produces frequency
2The sine-wave oscillation signal, be added to output transformer B
1Former limit winding L
11On, the power supply of this oscillator is received on the civil power by R, N terminal; Transformer B
1The limit of paying winding L is arranged
14With two groups of identical and symmetrical winding L
12And L
13, winding L
12And L
13Center tap be O
1, pay the limit winding L
12And L
13Voltage through two identical low capacity capacitor C
1, C
2, receive on motor wiring terminal A and the C.Like this, the signal frequency f of oscillator OSC generation
2Voltage be added in the motor winding L
AOAnd L
COBetween.Winding L
12, L
13Symmetry is identical, capacitor C
1With capacitor C
2Also equate the motor winding L
AOAnd L
COAlso be impedance phase with, at this moment the winding mid point O of motor M and transformer B
1Pay limit winding mid point O
1Do not have potential difference (PD), can think O
1Point is exactly the virtual voltage potential point that O is ordered.So just can derive motor winding B point and transformer B
1Pay the limit winding L
12And L
13Centre tap O
1Between voltage, equal the motor winding L
BOBetween voltage.When motor does not rotate, though winding L
AO, L
COBe mutually 120 °, but their resultant fluxs and winding L
BOVertically, so winding L
BOOn do not have induced potential.When rotor rotates, rotor conductor cutting winding L
AO, L
COResultant flux, produce induced current, the magnetic flux that this induced current constitutes just in time with winding L
BOSo coupling is winding L
BOElectromotive force output is just arranged.Winding L
BOLast electromotive force size is directly proportional with the motor rotor rotating speed, and frequency is with the motor winding L
AO, L
COIn the power frequency f that flows through
2Unanimity, phase place turns to corresponding with rotor.When being switched in opposite, winding L
BOThe output voltage phase place opposite, winding L like this
BOVoltage has reacted the rotating speed of motor in real time and has turned to.
III partly is a phase-sensitive detection circuit, wherein transformer B
2Winding L
21By a little capacitor C
3Receive motor winding B termination and transformer B
1Pay limit winding center tap O
1On.Because winding L
21On voltage equal winding L
BOOn voltage, and winding L
BOVoltage be to have reacted the rotating speed of motor and the value that turns to, therefore flow through Transformer Winding L
21Current response motor M rotating speed and turn to.
Transformer B
2Pay the limit winding L
22, L
23With complementary transistor T
1, T
2, potentiometer R
2, resistance R
1, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6, capacitor C
4Constitute phase-sensitive detection circuit.A reference phase voltage is from transformer B
1Another one pay the limit winding L
14On draw and receive resistance R
4, again by potentiometer R
2Be added to complementary transistor to T
1, T
2Base stage on, resistance R
1, R
3Resistance is identical, they and potentiometer R
2Resistance make transistor T
1, T
2The working point is rationalized.Transformer B
2Pay the limit winding L
22And L
23Symmetry is identical fully, and its tie point is that mid point meets common port E.
When certain in a flash, winding L
14Voltage make transistor T
1During the base stage conducting, if this moment T
1Current collection very just, promptly emitter just has output, finally through resistance R
5, capacitor C
4Filtering just has the output of DC voltage forward, and its amplitude is directly proportional with motor speed.
When motor reversed, certain is L in a flash
14Voltage make T
1The base stage conducting, but this moment transistor T
1The voltage of collector is for negative, and its emitter is not output just.Subsequent lower half winding L
14Voltage become negative, make transistor T
2The base stage conducting, and this moment winding L
22Output makes transistor T
2Current collection is negative voltage very; Make transistor T
2Emitter negative output is arranged, finally through resistance R
5, capacitor C
4Filtering just has negative DC voltage output, and its amplitude is directly proportional with motor speed, its polarity negative reaction motor counter-rotating.
Complementary transistor T
1And T
2Should be symmetrical, work as transistor T
1When managing for NPN, transistor T
2Must manage for PNP; Work as transistor T
1When managing for PNP, transistor T
2Must be for NPN manage, T as shown in Figure 1
1Be NPN pipe, T
2Be the PNP pipe.
The strict reference frequency f that obeys of this phase sensitive detection
2Control, any is not f
2The signal of frequency can not be detected; Even any interference certain moment is detected, but the polarity that another moment detects may be opposite, finally because of resistance R
5, capacitor C
4The alternating component character disturbed of effect smoothed, obtaining at the output terminal that tests the speed is DC voltage.And this DC voltage is real f
2The ability of frequency is by the DC voltage of phase sensitive detection, and this DC voltage is directly proportional with the rotating speed of tested motor M, and its polarity turns to relevant (see figure 2) with motor.
Another advantage of phase sensitive detection is to have overcome the f that exists in this circuit
1The interference of frequency signal.The f1 frequency signal is very powerful in the circuit, winding L
BOLast f
1The voltage of frequency because of can not with f
2Frequency signal can not be detected by phase sensitive detection synchronously, also is that phase sensitive detection only detects f
2The signal of frequency, this f
2Frequency signal is with motor M rotating speed and turn to relevant.
In order further to reduce f
1The frequency signal composition is to f
2The influence of frequency signal composition, the capacitor C in this circuit
1, C
2, C
3All be the less electric capacity of capacity, make f
2The impedance of frequency signal is little, to f
1The impedance of frequency signal is big, and f effectively decays
1Voltage to frequency reduces f
1Frequency signal is to the influence of measured value.
The f of common oscillator OSC feed-in
2Frequency signal is at least driving power f
110 times to 100 times of frequency signal are because of frequency differs the influence that can weaken effectively more between the two far away more.f
2Frequency signal is delivered to the motor winding L
AO, L
COOn enough amplitudes will be arranged, to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of this detection scheme.
Potentiometer R
2Can accurately adjust to static state and test the speed and be output as zero, to reduce the error of zero, this application to this circuit is very important.The f of same oscillator OSC feed-in
2The output of frequency signal will have good range stability, because any f
2The voltage amplitude variation of frequency signal all will have influence on the output valve that tests the speed.Choking coil RF
U, RF
V, RF
WCan not omit, and requirement is to the frequency f of oscillator OSC feed-in
2Signal forms enough decay, otherwise frequency f
2The electric current of signal can enter frequency f
1Driving power in go.
Use output dc voltage that this speed measuring device records and the conversion reading value between the rotating speed after device is finished, to calibrate, Calibration Method can be to adjust oscillator OSC output amplitude size, perhaps in the output terminal that tests the speed potentiometer adjustment, make tested motor speed and VD relation in direct ratio.
The tachometer gage ZS that this device uses can reequip with D.C. voltmeter, and dial plate central authorities are 0, the right be on the occasion of, the left side is a negative value, its positive and negative value representation motor sense of rotation, amplitude is represented rotating speed.When tested asynchronous motor during in rated speed, the indication of D.C. voltmeter should be maximal value, and when tested asynchronous motor stall, the indication of D.C. voltmeter should be 0.
When this speed measuring device uses as tachometric survey output, in capacitor C
4Two ends needn't meet tachometer gage ZS, and as output, feedback voltage uses as testing the speed the two ends F, the G that meet tachometer gage ZS.
Great advantage of the present invention is needn't be at any rotatable parts of the inner or outside installation of asynchronous motor, to the requirement of this point is any one user and the control personnel that test the speed are desirable automatically, this can be to realizing the automatic control of asynchronous motor, and particularly variable frequency regulating speed control is brought great convenience.