CN1331345A - 集成式微阵列装置 - Google Patents

集成式微阵列装置 Download PDF

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CN1331345A
CN1331345A CN00109792A CN00109792A CN1331345A CN 1331345 A CN1331345 A CN 1331345A CN 00109792 A CN00109792 A CN 00109792A CN 00109792 A CN00109792 A CN 00109792A CN 1331345 A CN1331345 A CN 1331345A
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reaction tank
microarray device
integrated microarray
micro
integrated
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CN00109792A
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CN1137999C (zh
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邵威
许俊泉
邢婉丽
程京
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Tsinghua University
CapitalBio Corp
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to CNB00109792XA priority Critical patent/CN1137999C/zh
Application filed by Tsinghua University filed Critical Tsinghua University
Priority to PCT/IB2001/001530 priority patent/WO2002002794A2/en
Priority to EP01958280A priority patent/EP1299564B1/en
Priority to JP2002508034A priority patent/JP3650615B2/ja
Priority to CA2412992A priority patent/CA2412992C/en
Priority to AT01958280T priority patent/ATE432361T1/de
Priority to ES01958280T priority patent/ES2327211T3/es
Priority to DE60138810T priority patent/DE60138810D1/de
Priority to US09/898,271 priority patent/US6703203B2/en
Priority to AU8000301A priority patent/AU8000301A/xx
Publication of CN1331345A publication Critical patent/CN1331345A/zh
Priority to US10/212,917 priority patent/US6998236B2/en
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Abstract

一种用于临床诊断、药物筛选、动植物育种、食品卫生检验和司法鉴定等领域的集成式微阵列装置。该装置包括一基片,其上设置了多个反应池,每个反应池中装配了一微阵列芯片。每个反应池底部装配了一温控器,用于单独控制反应池的温度。该装置的规格与标准的96孔板、384孔板或1536孔板相吻合以便用机械手进行自动加样、清洗等操作。反应池之间做成镂空状以利于隔热。该装置可作为载体简便、高效、可靠地完成生化反应和检测。

Description

集成式微阵列装置
本发明涉及一种用于在临床诊断、药物筛选、动植物育种、食品卫生检验和司法鉴定等领域中对多种生物样品进行反应和检测的微阵列装置。
微阵列(microarray)自九十年代初出现以来[参见Fodor S.P.A.,ReadJ.L.,Pirning M.C.等的“光寻址并行化学合成(Light-directed spatiallyaddressable parallel chemical synthesis)”,科学(Science),第251期,p767-773(1991)]发展非常迅猛,目前它作为生物芯片的一大类别在医学诊断、疾病机理研究、药物筛选、卫生监测、功能基因组学研究等方面具有广阔的应用前景[参见Hacia J.G.的文章,自然遗传学(Nature Genetics),第14期,p441-447(1996);Heller R A.等的文章,美国科学院院刊(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA),第94期,p2150-2155(1997)]。其基本原理是在各种材料(如玻璃、硅、尼龙膜)表面固定一定密度的探针,如DNA、抗体或抗原、细胞、组织,这些探针包含着特定意义的信息,如对应于某些疾病的特定基因片段,药物待作用的特定细胞或组织,使用该微阵列时,将样品处理后与微阵列上的探针进行作用,样品中的待作用物质(可以是DNA、RNA、抗体或抗原等)可用荧光、化学发光试剂或同位素进行标记以便于检测作用结果。针对不同的标记方法,目前的检测手段有荧光共焦扫描仪、微弱发光测量仪、同位素成像仪等。
目前微阵列虽然应用广泛,但也存在一些问题,比如:目前的微阵列大多追求高密度,每个微阵列上的探针数量达几万至几十万,以求达到高通量并行分析的目的,但是对于特定目的来说,并不一定需要很高密度的探针,相应的微阵列制作成本也就无需那么高。而且,目前的高密度微阵列不能保证检测结果的高可靠性,因为微阵列上的众多探针各方面性质不尽相同,比如用DNA作为探针时,其碱基数或碱基组成并不一定完全相同,这样它们最适宜的杂交温度也就不同,而只有在最适宜的杂交温度下才能得到最严格的杂交特异性结果,也就是说,才能将错配的比例减小到最低,以得到最准确的分析检测结果。另外,目前的微阵列大多只能逐个检测,因此操作起来不方便,检测效率低。
本发明的目的是克服目前微阵列装置的上述不足,提供一种用于对多种生物样品进行反应和检测的高效、廉价、检测结果可靠的微阵列装置。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明的技术方案提出一种集成式微阵列装置,该装置包括一基片,所述基片上设置了多个反应池,每个所述反应池中装配了一个微阵列芯片。该微阵列芯片可以是低密度芯片。在优选的方案中,每个所述反应池底部还装配了一个温控器,这些温控器在计算机的控制下可以对各反应池的温度进行单独控制。使用该装置时,将众多的探针按其热熔点温度的相近程度分成不同的小组,然后将每个小组固定在一个反应池中的一个微阵列芯片上,这一小组所需的特定适宜的反应温度可以通过本装置每个反应池底部的温控器来单独控制。这样对探针进行精细的分组和单独控制温度便可以使操作者严格地控制诸如杂交反应的温度条件,使由于温度控制不适宜导致的检测误差减低到最小。另外,按照本发明优选方案的集成式微阵列装置的尺寸规格与标准的多孔板例如标准的96孔板、384孔板或1836孔板相对应,也就是说,反应池的数量及各反应池之间的距离是标准的,以利于用机械手进行加样、清洗等自动化操作,从而实现简便、高效的生化反应和检测目的。
通过下面结合附图对本发明优选实施例的详细描述,本发明的上述目的和优点将会更加清楚。附图中相同的参考数字表示相同的部件。
图1为根据本发明优选实施例的集成式微阵列装置的俯视图;
图2为根据本发明优选实施例的集成式微阵列装置中的一个单元的立体图;
图3为根据本发明的集成式微阵列装置中的温控器的连线示意图;
图4为可在根据本发明的集成式微阵列装置中用作温控器的一半导体双向温度控制器的结构示意图。
图1为根据本发明优选实施例的集成式微阵列装置的俯视图。该装置包括一个基片1。基片1的材料可以是塑料、玻璃、硅、陶瓷等,根据不同的用途,可以采用致密或非致密材料,刚性或弹性材料。
基片1上以例如蚀刻的方法形成了多个反应池2,每个反应池2中装配了一个微阵列芯片3。反应池的数量及各反应池之间的距离可以根据实际需要进行选择,但是最好与一个标准的多孔板,例如标准的96孔板、384孔板或1836孔板上孔的数量及孔间距相对应,以利于用机械手进行加样、清洗等自动化操作。图1中作为例子示出的集成式微阵列装置的尺寸规格与一标准的96孔板的尺寸相对应,也就是说,基片1上共有96个反应池2,各反应池2之间的距离为9毫米,与标准的96孔板的孔间距相同。
图2为根据本发明优选实施例的集成式微阵列装置中的一个单元的立体图,其中清楚地示出了一个反应池2和装配在其中的微阵列芯片3。反应池2的上端口的形状为长方形,其外接圆直径不大于标准的96孔板的孔径。装配在反应池2中的微阵列芯片3的形状也是长方形的。在本实施例中将反应池2与微阵列芯片3均制成长方形是为了便于正确地定位,但本领域技术人员可以理解,反应池2与微阵列芯片3也可以采用其他形状、例如圆形等,而不限于长方形。反应池2的深度可根据微阵列芯片3的厚度和加样量来决定,例如可在几百微米至几厘米之间变化。
在使用本发明的集成式微阵列装置进行生物或药物分子的检测时,可以将众多的探针按其性质如碱基数或碱基组成分为性质相近的小组,将每个小组的探针固定在一个反应池2中的微阵列芯片3上。探针的种类可以是cDNA、寡核苷酸、抗体或抗原、受体、多肽以及细胞、组织等。微阵列芯片3的基质可以用各种材料如硅、玻璃、尼龙膜等制成。探针与微阵列芯片3的基质之间的固定可以用各种方法,如被动吸附、共价键合、包埋等[参见Beattie W.G.等的文章,分子生物技术(Molecular Biotechnology),第4期,p213-225(1995);Subramanian A.等的文章,酶与微生物技术(Enzyme&Microbial Techno1.),第24期,p26-34(1999)]。
由于对于特定的目的例如诊断或研究某种特定类型的疾病、筛选某种特定药物、进行特定类别的功能基因组研究来说不一定需要很高密度的探针,所以本发明装置中采用的微阵列芯片3可以是其上仅固定了例如数十至数百个探针的低密度微阵列芯片。因此,本发明的装置可以用成本较低的低密度微阵列芯片制成。另一方面,由于本发明的集成式微阵列装置中包括多个单元(例如可为96个、384个、1836个等等),尽管每个单元中的探针数量可能较少,但整个集成式装置中固定的探针数量可以多达数万至数十万个,能够实现高通量分析的目的。
为了对位于各反应池2中性质各不相同的探针所需的特定的适宜反应温度进行控制,如图2所示,根据本发明的集成式微阵列装置在每个反应池2的底部装配了一个温控器6。图3示出了各温控器6的一种连线方式。其中,每个温控器6具有两根引线9、9’,分别连接至电源的正、负极(未示出)。通过用计算机控制各温控器6与电源接通/不接通,可以对各反应池2中的温度进行单独控制。
温控器6可以简单地为一用来对反应池2进行加热的电阻,该电阻可以以粘合的方式固定在反应池2的底部。如果基片1的材料是硅,可以直接用微加工技术在反应池2背面进行刻蚀,将适于用作加热元件的金属(如铜)沉积或蒸镀到硅材料上。反应池2的底部做得尽量薄以利于加热元件与微阵列芯片3之间的导热。
温控器6也可以是如图4所示的一个半导体双向温度控制器。该半导体双向温度控制器是一种公知的器件,它一方面可以对反应池2进行加热,另一方面当反应池2中的温度高于环境温度、例如为50℃时,可以用来降低反应池2中的温度。该半导体双向温度控制器可以以粘合的方式固定在反应池2的底部。
本领域的技术人员应该理解,可以采用任何合适的现有温控器件作为本发明中的温控器6,而不限于上述的电阻或半导体双向温度控制器。例如,可以采用陶瓷加热器作为温控器6,并将该陶瓷加热器以粘合的方式固定在反应池2的底部以对反应池直接加热。或者,可以采用红外加热器作为温控器6,以非接触式红外光照射的方式对反应池2进行加热。另外,为了对各温控器6进行单独选择和控制所采用的连线方式也不限于图3中所示的方式,而可以根据现有技术中对多个单元中的特定单元进行选择和控制的任何方法来设计。
另外如图1和图2中所示,在按照本发明优选实施例的装置中,各反应池2之间的隔离墙被做成由支撑壁4及其间的通孔5构成的镂空形状,以利于各反应池之间的隔热。镂空的尺寸根据基片材料的不同在保证牢固度的前提下尽量做得较大。举例来说,当基片1的材料为塑料时,每个镂空孔尺寸可以为3×2毫米。镂空的加工手段根据基片材料的不同可采用激光切除[参见Simpson P.C.等的文章,美国科学院院刊(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA),第95期,p2256-2261(1998)]、铸模[参见Becker H.等的“Integratedcapillary electrophoresis for chemical analysis(用于化学分析的集成式毛细管电泳)”,传感器现代化(Sensors Update),卷3,p208-238(1998)]、模压[参见Kopp M.U.等的文章,化学生物学新观点(Current Opinion inChem.Bio1.),第1期,p410-419(1997)]、铸造[参见Delamarche E.等的文章,美国化学学会杂志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.),第120期,p500-508(1998)]等。
使用本发明的装置进行生化反应时,在反应池2中的微阵列芯片3上加入样品后,为了防止样品挥发,可以用盖玻片来盖住样品,盖玻片的大小根据微阵列的大小来调节(不大于微阵列的大小)。也可以用高沸点的疏水有机试剂层8覆盖样品层7进行封闭,如图2中所示。有机试剂可以是辛烷烃等,加入的有机试剂量视样品量和微阵列芯片的面积而定,此方法简便、高效。
对本发明装置的各反应池2中的反应结果的检测可用CCD或同位素成像仪来进行,具体使用哪种方法视微阵列芯片3上的样品所使用的标记物质而定。检测时,将集成式微阵列装置置于可以固定尺寸移动的显微镜载物台上。CCD或同位素成像仪每次对一个微阵列芯片成像一次,然后承载集成式微阵列装置的载物台上的动力学装置移动一个反应池的距离,再对下一个微阵列芯片进行成像。这样的检测装置价格较低,操作简单,效率高,可以为一般小型医院和实验室接受。
以上结合优选实施例对根据本发明的集成式微阵列装置进行了描述。本领域的技术人员可以理解,上文中提到的参数例如数量、尺寸和温度等均是示例性的而不应视为对本发明的限制。本发明的范围由后附的权利要求书限定。

Claims (13)

1、一种集成式微阵列装置,包括:
一基片(1);
设置在所述基片(1)上的多个反应池(2);和
装配在每个所述反应池(2)中的微阵列芯片(3)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
每个所述反应池(2)底部还装配了一个温控器(6),用于对该反应池的温度进行单独控制。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
设置在基片(1)上的所述反应池(2)的数量和各反应池之间的距离与一标准多孔板上的孔的数量和孔间距相对应。
4、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述标准多孔板为标准的96孔板、384孔板和1836孔板之一。
5、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
每个所述反应池(2)的上端口的形状为长方形,装配在其中的微阵列芯片(3)的形状也为长方形。
6、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
每个所述反应池(2)的上端口的形状为圆形。
7、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
设置在基片(1)上的各所述反应池(2)之间的隔离墙被做成镂空的形状,以利于各反应池之间的隔热。
8、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述基片(1)的材料为塑料、玻璃、硅、陶瓷中的任意一种,基片(1)的表面是致密的或者非致密的。
9、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述温控器(6)为一电阻,该电阻以粘合或蚀刻的方式固定在反应池(2)的底部。
10、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述温控器(6)为一半导体双向温度控制器,该半导体双向温度控制器以粘合的方式固定在反应池(2)的底部。
11、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述温控器(6)为一陶瓷加热器,该陶瓷加热器以粘合的方式固定在反应池(2)的底部。
12、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述温控器(6)为一红外加热器,该红外加热器以非接触式红外光照射的方式对反应池(2)进行加热。
13、根据权利要求3所述的集成式微阵列装置,其特征在于:
所述微阵列芯片(3)为一低密度微阵列芯片。
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